DE19528628A1 - Hybrid drive for IC engine vehicle - has electric motor also used as generator during regenerative braking, with efficiency dependent on deceleration and gear ratio - Google Patents

Hybrid drive for IC engine vehicle - has electric motor also used as generator during regenerative braking, with efficiency dependent on deceleration and gear ratio

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Publication number
DE19528628A1
DE19528628A1 DE19528628A DE19528628A DE19528628A1 DE 19528628 A1 DE19528628 A1 DE 19528628A1 DE 19528628 A DE19528628 A DE 19528628A DE 19528628 A DE19528628 A DE 19528628A DE 19528628 A1 DE19528628 A1 DE 19528628A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
electric motor
hybrid drive
nutzbremswirkung
gear ratio
regenerative braking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19528628A
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German (de)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Priority to DE19528628A priority Critical patent/DE19528628A1/en
Publication of DE19528628A1 publication Critical patent/DE19528628A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/18—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/14—Acceleration
    • B60L2240/16—Acceleration longitudinal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/48—Drive Train control parameters related to transmissions
    • B60L2240/486—Operating parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/60—Regenerative braking
    • B60T2270/602—ABS features related thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/60—Regenerative braking
    • B60T2270/603—ASR features related thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/10—Change speed gearings
    • B60W2510/1005—Transmission ratio engaged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • B60W2520/105—Longitudinal acceleration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/26—Wheel slip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/12—Brake pedal position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

A hybrid drive for a vehicle using an IC engine and an electric motor, both acting on the gearbox. The motor is used as a generator for regenerative braking where applicable. This is directly or indirectly dependent on the vehicle deceleration and is also dependent on the gear ratio. For short gear changes, it is lower than for long gear changes. The ratio of regenerative braking efficiency to transmission ratio is controlled so that it results in the same vehicle deceleration. The regenerative braking efficiency is also dependent on the slip at the driven wheels, and is reduced, or the regeneration is deactivated, if slip occurs.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hybridantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer pri­ mären Antriebsquelle, insbesondere einem Verbrennungsmotor, und einem Elektromotor als Antriebe, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a hybrid drive for a motor vehicle with a pri mär drive source, in particular an internal combustion engine, and a Electric motor as drives, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Einen derartigen Hybridantrieb zeigt beispielsweise die DE 44 36 383 A1. Dabei wirkt der Elektromotor über die Antriebswelle des Geschwindigkeits­ wechselgetriebes, hier ein Schaltgetriebe, sowohl als batteriegespeister Antriebsmotor insbesondere im niedrigen Geschwindigkeitsbereich als auch als Generator. Im Generatorbetrieb kann beispielsweise in Schubbetriebs­ phasen und/oder Bremsbetrieb Energie zurückgewonnen, aber auch das Fahrzeug abgebremst werden.Such a hybrid drive, for example, shows the DE 44 36 383 A1. The electric motor acts via the drive shaft of the speed alternator, here a manual transmission, both as a battery powered Drive motor especially in the low speed range as well as a generator. In generator mode, for example, in overrun operation phase and / or braking operation recovered energy, but also that Vehicle be braked.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, den gattungsgemäßen Hybridantrieb derart weiterzubilden, daß bei optimierter Energierückgewinnung komfortable und sichere Fahrzustände gewährleistet sind.The object of the invention is the generic hybrid drive in such a way educate that with optimized energy recovery comfortable and safe driving conditions are guaranteed.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den weiteren Patenansprüchen entnehmbar.This object is achieved according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are removed from the further claims.

Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, die Nutzbremsung des Elektromotors abhängig von der Verzögerung des Fahrzeuges so zu steuern, daß ruckfreie Verzögerungsabläufe mit dennoch hoher Energierückführung verwirklichbar sind. Derartige Verzögerungsabläufe können beispielsweise kennfeldge­ steuert nach definierten Verzögerungsalgorithmen ablaufen.According to the invention, the regenerative braking of the electric motor is proposed depending on the deceleration of the vehicle to control so that jerk-free Delays with still high energy return feasible are. Such delay sequences can, for example, map runs according to defined delay algorithms.

In einer vereinfachten Ausführungsform kann die Nutzbremsung abhängig vom vorliegenden Übersetzungsverhältnis im Geschwindigkeitswechselge­ triebe, welches ein Stufengetriebe, aber auch ein stufenloses Getriebe sein kann, gesteuert sein, wobei die Nutzbremsung bzw. die Generatorleistung des Elektromotors bei kurzer Getriebeübersetzung niedriger und bei langer Getriebeübersetzung höher ist. Dabei können die ggf. fest vorgegebenen Übersetzungen des Wechselgetriebes mit der einsteuerbaren Nutzbrems­ wirkung so verknüpft sein, daß eine zumindest annähernd gleiche Fahr­ zeugverzögerung in allen Getriebeübersetzungen erzielt wird.In a simplified embodiment, the regenerative braking may be dependent of the present gear ratio in Geschwindigkeitswechselge gear, which is a stepped transmission, but also a continuously variable transmission  can be controlled, with the regenerative braking or the generator power the electric motor with low gear ratio lower and long Gear ratio is higher. It can be fixed if necessary Translations of the gearbox with the einsteuerbaren Nutzbrems be so linked that an at least approximately the same driving delay in all gear ratios is achieved.

Bei Fahrzeugen mit einer Antischlupfregelung oder einem Anti-Blockier-Sy­ stem in der Betriebsbremse können die an den Antriebsrädern vorhandenen Schlupfsensoren in die Regelung oder Steuerung der Nutzbremswirkung des Elektromotors mit einbezogen werden. D. h., daß bei einem definierten auftretenden Radschlupf an den angetriebenen Rädern bei betätigter oder nicht betätigter Bremse des Kraftfahrzeuges die Generatorwirkung des Elektromotors entsprechend vermindert oder ggf. sogar deaktiviert wird. Damit ist sichergestellt, daß beispielsweise bei Fahrbahnzuständen mit niedrigem Haftbeiwert instabile Fahrzustände vermieden werden. Anderer­ seits kann die Generatorleistung des Elektromotors innerhalb der Komfort­ grenzen und der durch die Fahrbahn gegebenen Haftzustände optimal zur Energierückgewinnung ausgenutzt werden.On vehicles with an anti-traction control or an anti-lock Sy stem in the service brake can be present on the drive wheels Slip sensors in the control or control of Nutzbremswirkung of the electric motor. That is, that at a defined occurring wheel slip on the driven wheels when actuated or not actuated brake of the motor vehicle, the generator effect of Electric motor is reduced accordingly or possibly even deactivated. This ensures that, for example, with road conditions with low coefficient of adhesion, unstable driving conditions are avoided. other on the other hand, the generator power of the electric motor can be within the comfort limits and the conditions of adhesion given by the roadway Energy recovery can be exploited.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist im folgenden mit weiteren Einzel­ heiten näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt inAn embodiment of the invention is described below with further individual explained in more detail. The drawing shows in

Fig. 1 ein Blockschaltbild eines Hybridantriebes für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Antriebseinheit mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem Elek­ tromotor und einer Einrichtung zum Steuern der Nutzbremswirkung des Elektromotors, und Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a hybrid drive for a motor vehicle with a drive unit with an internal combustion engine and a Elek tromotor and means for controlling the Nutzbremswirkung of the electric motor, and

Fig. 2 ein Diagramm mit dem Nutzbremsmoment MB des Elektromotors bei verschiedenen Getriebeübersetzungen. Fig. 2 is a diagram with the Nutzbremsmoment M B of the electric motor at different transmission ratios.

Der dargestellte Hybridantrieb setzt sich im wesentlichen zusammen aus einem Verbrennungsmotor 10, einer elektrohydraulischen Trennkupplung 12, einen Geschwindigkeits-Wechselgetriebe 14 und einem Elektromotor 16, die der besseren Darstellung wegen in Abschnitte geteilt gezeichnet sind, tatsächlich aber zur einer Antriebseinheit zusammengebaut sind.The hybrid drive shown is essentially composed of an internal combustion engine 10 , an electro-hydraulic clutch 12 , a speed change gear 14 and an electric motor 16 , which are drawn divided into sections for the sake of clarity, but are actually assembled into a drive unit.

Der Verbrennungsmotor 10 kann z. B. ein direkt einspritzender Turbodie­ selmotor sein, dessen an die Kurbelwelle angeflanschte Schwungscheibe 18 Teil der als Schwungnutzautomatik ausgeführten Trennkupplung 12 mit ei­ ner hydraulischen Betätigung - bestehend aus einem hydraulischen Neh­ merzylinder 20 und einer Hydraulikeinheit 22 mit Pumpe, Steuerventilen, Druckspeicher, etc. - und einer Steuerelektronik 24 ist.The internal combustion engine 10 may, for. B. a direct-injection turbo diesel engine whose flanged to the crankshaft flywheel 18 is part of the designed as automatic flywheel release clutch 12 with egg ner hydraulic actuation - consisting of a hydraulic Neh merzylinder 20 and a hydraulic unit 22 with pump, control valves, pressure accumulator, etc. - and a control electronics 24 is.

Die Trennkupplung 12 treibt das vordere Ende der Antriebswelle 26 des Wechselgetriebes 14 an, dessen Abtriebswelle 28 ein Antriebsritzel 30 für den nicht näher dargestellten Achsantrieb bzw. das Differential 32 für den Antrieb der Vorderräder 34 des Kraftfahrzeuges trägt. Im Ausführungsbei­ spiel sind wie ersichtlich über eine nicht dargestellte Schaltbetätigung vier Gangstufen bzw. Übersetzungen I-IV des Wechselgetriebes 14 schaltbar.The separating clutch 12 drives the front end of the drive shaft 26 of the gearbox 14 , the output shaft 28 carries a drive pinion 30 for the final drive, not shown, or the differential 32 for driving the front wheels 34 of the motor vehicle. In Ausführungsbei game as shown by a shift, not shown, four gear ratios or translations I-IV of the transmission 14 can be switched .

Der Elektromotor 16, ein Drehstrom-Synchronmotor mit relativ geringem Massenträgheitsmoment wirkt über eine Zahnrad-Vorgelegestufe 36 ohne Zwischenschaltung einer Kupplung direkt auf das andere Ende der Antriebs­ welle 26 des Wechselgetriebe 14.The electric motor 16 , a three-phase synchronous motor with a relatively low moment of inertia acts via a gear-counter stage 36 without the interposition of a clutch directly to the other end of the drive shaft 26 of the transmission 14th

Der Elektromotor 16 ist an eine Stromversorgungseinheit 38 mit Batterien 40 und einer Stromregeleinheit 42 angeschlossen und kann als Antriebsmotor, als Generator zum Aufladen der Batterien 40 bei verbrennungsmotorischem Betrieb, im Leerlauf und schließlich als Synchronisator für das Wechselge­ triebe 14 arbeiten.The electric motor 16 is connected to a power supply unit 38 with batteries 40 and a power control unit 42 and can operate as a drive motor, as a generator for charging the batteries 40 in internal combustion engine operation, idle and finally as a synchronizer for the gear 14 Wechselge.

Der Elektromotor 16 kann dabei mittels eines Betriebsartenschalters 44 auf Elektroantrieb geschaltet werden, wobei dessen Antriebsleistung dann über das Gaspedal 46 und die Stromregelungseinheit 42 gesteuert wird.The electric motor 16 can be switched to electric drive by means of a mode switch 44 , wherein the drive power is then controlled by the accelerator pedal 46 and the current control unit 42 .

Beim Umschalten auf Betrieb mit Verbrennungsmotor 10 wird der Elektromo­ tor 16 als Generator betrieben, sofern die Batterien 40 regeneriert werden sollen; andernfalls wird der Elektromotor 16 im Leerlauf mitgetrieben oder treibt zur kurzfristigen Erhöhung der Antriebsleistung des Hybridantriebes das Kraftfahrzeug mit an.When switching to operation with internal combustion engine 10 of the electric motor 16 is operated as a generator, if the batteries 40 are to be regenerated; otherwise, the electric motor 16 is driven idle or drives for short-term increase in the drive power of the hybrid drive the motor vehicle with.

Sobald über die nicht dargestellte Schaltbetätigung des Wechselgetriebes 14 eine Gangänderung i eingeleitet wird - dies wird von der Steuerelektronik 24 der Trennkupplung 12 durch in die Schaltbetätigung integrierte elektri­ sche Schalter und/oder Potentiometer erkannt - wird die Trennkupplung 12 ausgerückt und zugleich der Elektromotor 16 als Synchronisator aktiviert. Dabei berechnet eine Steuerelektronik in der Stromregelungseinheit 42 an­ hand von Drehzahlsignalen n der Abtriebswelle 26 und von Gangsignalen i des zu schaltenden Ganges des Wechselgetriebes 14 die erforderliche Solldrehzahl der Antriebswelle 26, vergleicht diese mit dem Ist-Drehzahlsi­ gnal und steuert über die Stromregelungseinheit 42 eine positive oder nega­ tive Beschleunigung des Elektromotors 16 zur Erzielung eines Synchronlau­ fes der zu schaltenden Übersetzungsstufe.As soon as a change in gear i is initiated via the switching operation of the change gear 14, not shown - this is detected by the control electronics 24 of the clutch 12 by integrated in the switching actuator electrical cal switch and / or potentiometer - the clutch 12 is disengaged and at the same time the electric motor 16 as a synchronizer activated. In this case, an electronic control unit in the current control unit 42 calculates on the basis of speed signals n of the output shaft 26 and gear signals i to be switched gear of the transmission 14, the required target speed of the drive shaft 26 , compares this with the actual Drehzahlsi signal and controls via the current control unit 42 a positive or nega tive acceleration of the electric motor 16 to achieve a Synchronlau fes of the switching stage to be switched.

Die nicht dargestellte Steuerelektronik der Stromregelungseinheit 42 steuert bei über den Betriebsartenschalter 44 vorgegebenem elektromotorischem Betrieb des Hybridfahrzeuges, aber auch bei verbrennungsmotorischem Betrieb, die von dem Elektromotor 16 im Generatorbetrieb bzw. bei Rückla­ dung der Batterien 40 ausgeübte Nutzbremswirkung.The control electronics, not shown, the current control unit 42 controls over the mode switch 44 given electromotive operation of the hybrid vehicle, but also in internal combustion engine operation, the training of the electric motor 16 in the generator mode or at Rückla the batteries 40 applied braking effect.

Diese Nutzbremswirkung entspricht einer definierten Fahrzeugverzögerung und errechnet sich aus der eingelegten Übersetzung I bis IV des Geschwin­ digkeits-Wechselgetriebes 14 in Verbindung mit der eingesteuerten Genera­ torleistung (bei Schubbetrieb ohne Bremsung durch die Betriebsbremse).This Nutzbremswirkung corresponds to a defined vehicle deceleration and is calculated from the inserted translation I to IV of the Geschwin digkeits-change gear 14 in conjunction with the set Genera gate power (in overrun without braking by the service brake).

Die Fig. 2 zeigt dazu den Getriebegängen I-III entsprechende Bremsmo­ mentkurven bzw. Generatorleistungskurven an, wobei das Bremsmoment MB jeweils multipliziert mit der Übersetzung i eine etwa gleiche Fahrzeug­ verzögerung aB ergibt. So zeigt die Kurve I einen flachen Anstieg der Gene­ ratorleistung des Elektromotors 16 mit einer entsprechend niedrigen Endlei­ stung, die jedoch verglichen mit dem entsprechend hohem Antriebsmoment eine hohe Nutzbremswirkung ergibt, während beispielsweise die Momenten­ kurve MB im dritten Gang III einen steilen Momentenanstieg und ein hohes Endbremsmoment anzeigt die jedoch verglichen mit der geringeren An­ triebsmomentenübersetzung etwa der gleichen Fahrzeugverzögerung aB entspricht. Fig. 2 shows the transmission gears to I-III element curves corresponding Bremsmo or generator power curves on, wherein the braking torque each multiplied by the transmission ratio i M B approximately the same vehicle deceleration a B results. Thus, the curve I shows a flat increase in the generator power of the electric motor 16 with a correspondingly low Endlei Stung, however, compared with the correspondingly high drive torque results in a high Nutzbremswirkung, while, for example, the torque curve M B in the third gear III a steep torque increase and a indicates high Endbremsmoment but compared with the lower to drive torque ratio about the same vehicle deceleration a B corresponds.

Die Steuerelektronik der Stromregelungseinheit 42 ist ferner mit dem Steu­ ergerät 48 eines Anti-Blockier-Bremssystems der Betriebsbremse des Kraftfahrzeuges verbunden. Über dieses Steuergerät wird über nicht darge­ stellte Radschlupfsensoren an den Vorderrädern 34 des Kraftfahrzeuges der Radschlupf überwacht. Ferner wird die Betätigung der Betriebsbremse über das Bremssignal B erfaßt.The control electronics of the current control unit 42 is further connected to the STEU ergerät 48 of an anti-lock braking system of the service brake of the motor vehicle. About this control unit is set over not presented Darge Radschlupfsensoren the front wheels 34 of the motor vehicle wheel slip monitored. Further, the operation of the service brake via the brake signal B is detected.

Bei einem auftretenden, unzulässigen Radschlupf bei erkanntem Schubbe­ trieb und ggf. Bremsbetrieb durch die Betriebsbremse wird von dem ABS- Steuergerät 48 die Steuerelektronik in der Stromregelungseinheit 42 ange­ steuert und die Nutzbremswirkung des Elektromotors 16 vermindert oder ggf. deaktiviert. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Verschieben der in der Fig. 2 dargestellten Steuerkurven des Motorbremsmomentes MB nach unten auf eine darunterliegende Steuerkurve oder bei der Steuerkurve entsprechend dem ersten Gang durch Deaktivieren der Nutzbremswirkung oder aber an­ hand eines im Steuerprogramm der Steuerelektronik abgelegten, dreidi­ mensionalen Kennfeldes erfolgen.In an occurring, impermissible wheel slip when detected Schubbe drive and possibly brake operation by the service brake is controlled by the ABS control unit 48, the control electronics in the current control unit 42 and reduces the Nutzbremswirkung the electric motor 16 or possibly disabled. This can be done for example by moving the control cams of the engine braking torque M B shown in FIG. 2 down on an underlying cam or the control cam according to the first gear by deactivating the Nutzbremswirkung or on the hand of a stored in the control program of the control electronics, dreidi dimensional map ,

Bei der Steuerung bzw. Regelung der Nutzbremswirkung sind folgende Zu­ stände zweckmäßig:In the control or regulation of the Nutzbremswirkung following are convenient:

Normaler Schubbetrieb (z. B. Ausrollen vor einer rot geschalteten Verkehrsampel)Normal push operation (eg coasting in front of a red traffic light) - keine Nutzbremsung- no regenerative braking Verzögerungsschubbetrieb, erkannt durch schnelles Zurücknehmen des Gaspedales, durch Gefällesensor, durch Drehzahlüberwachung, etc.Deceleration thrust operation, detected by rapid retraction of the accelerator pedal, by gradient sensor, by speed monitoring, etc. - Nutzbremsung übersetzungsabhängig, ggf. auch radschlupfabhängig- regenerative braking depending on translation, possibly also wheel slip dependent Schubbetrieb plus Bremsbetätigung -Push operation plus brake operation - Nutzbremsung übersetzungsabhängig und radschlupfabhängigRegenerative braking depending on translation and wheel slip dependent

Claims (6)

1. Hybridantrieb für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem Elektromotor als Antriebe, die auf die Antriebswelle eines Ge­ schwindigkeitswechselgetriebes des Kraftfahrzeuges wirken, wobei der Elektromotor als Generator zur Erzeugung einer Nutzbremswirkung im Schub- und/oder Bremsbetrieb umsteuerbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nutzbremswirkung des Elektromotors (16) mittel- oder unmittel­ bar abhängig von der Fahrzeugverzögerung gesteuert ist.1. Hybrid drive for a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor as drives acting on the drive shaft of a Ge speed change gearbox of the motor vehicle, wherein the electric motor is reversible as a generator for generating a Nutzbremswirkung in overrun and / or braking operation, characterized in that the Nutzbremswirkung the electric motor ( 16 ) is controlled medium or immediacy bar depending on the vehicle deceleration. 2. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nutz­ bremswirkung des Elektromotors (16) abhängig von der Getriebeüber­ setzung gesteuert ist.2. Hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the useful braking effect of the electric motor ( 16 ) is controlled depending on the gear ratio. 3. Hybridantrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nutzbremswirkung des Elektromotors (16) bei kurzer Getriebe­ übersetzung niedriger und bei langer Getriebeübersetzung höher ist.3. Hybrid drive according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the Nutzbremswirkung the electric motor ( 16 ) is lower with a short gear ratio and higher with long gear ratio. 4. Hybridantrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis Nutzbremswirkung zu Übersetzungsverhältnis so gesteu­ ert ist, daß stets die im wesentlichen gleiche Fahrzeugverzögerung re­ sultiert.4. Hybrid drive according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the relationship Nutzbremswirkung to gear ratio so gesteu ert is that always the substantially same vehicle deceleration re consulted. 5. Hybridantrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1-4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nutzbremswirkung zusätzlich abhängig vom Radschlupf der ange­ triebenen Räder (34) gesteuert ist und bei auftretendem Radschlupf vermindert oder deaktiviert ist.5. Hybrid drive according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the Nutzbremswirkung is additionally controlled depending on the wheel slip of the driven wheels ( 34 ) and is reduced or deactivated when Radschlupf occurs. 6. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Fahr­ zeugen mit ABS-Bremsregelung dessen Steuergerät (48) mit der Steu­ erelektronik der Stromregelungseinheit (42) des Elektromotors (16) kommuniziert und im Regelungsbetrieb die Nutzbremswirkung beeinflußt.6. Hybrid drive according to claim 5, characterized in that testify in driving with ABS brake control whose control unit ( 48 ) with the STEU erelektronik the current control unit ( 42 ) of the electric motor ( 16 ) communicates and influences the Nutzbremswirkung in control mode.
DE19528628A 1995-08-04 1995-08-04 Hybrid drive for IC engine vehicle - has electric motor also used as generator during regenerative braking, with efficiency dependent on deceleration and gear ratio Withdrawn DE19528628A1 (en)

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CN103818381A (en) * 2012-09-17 2014-05-28 福特环球技术公司 Deceleration fuel shut off scheduling based on vehicle parameters
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EP0930193A3 (en) * 1998-01-19 2004-01-28 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Drive system control method of motor vehicle with automatic shutdown and restart of the engine
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DE102008032769A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Volkswagen Ag Method for controlling recuperation process in motor vehicle, involves controlling amount of torque within another time interval, which lies between switching operations, using interconnection relationship
DE102009039614A1 (en) * 2009-09-01 2011-03-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Deceleration system controlling method for e.g. hybrid vehicle, involves reducing reference-recuperation torque in overrun mode during detection of stability-critical condition or during assuming future stability critical condition
US9352732B2 (en) 2011-05-06 2016-05-31 Audi Ag Anti-blocking system for a vehicle with electromotive vehicle drive
DE102011100811A1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2012-11-08 Audi Ag Anti-lock braking system for a vehicle with electromotive vehicle drive
DE102011100811B4 (en) 2011-05-06 2021-09-16 Audi Ag Anti-lock braking system for a vehicle with an electric motor vehicle drive
US20130316873A1 (en) * 2012-05-25 2013-11-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh vehicle having a recuperation system
US9187078B2 (en) * 2012-05-25 2015-11-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vehicle having a recuperation system
CN103818381A (en) * 2012-09-17 2014-05-28 福特环球技术公司 Deceleration fuel shut off scheduling based on vehicle parameters
CN103818381B (en) * 2012-09-17 2017-08-18 福特环球技术公司 Deceleration fuel cutoff sequential based on vehicle parameter
RU2648804C2 (en) * 2012-09-17 2018-03-28 Форд Глобал Технолоджис, ЛЛК Method for performing fuel shut-off when the vehicle is decelerated
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US9481363B2 (en) 2014-06-04 2016-11-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating a hybrid vehicle

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