DE1950669C3 - Verfahren zur Vliesherstellung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur VliesherstellungInfo
- Publication number
- DE1950669C3 DE1950669C3 DE1950669A DE1950669A DE1950669C3 DE 1950669 C3 DE1950669 C3 DE 1950669C3 DE 1950669 A DE1950669 A DE 1950669A DE 1950669 A DE1950669 A DE 1950669A DE 1950669 C3 DE1950669 C3 DE 1950669C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- threads
- thread
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- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/144—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers using layers with different mechanical or chemical conditions or properties, e.g. layers with different thermal shrinkage, layers under tension during bonding
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/02—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
- B32B38/1875—Tensioning
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/27—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/681—Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Fadenvlies durch Ausspinnen einer Vielzahl von
Endlosfäden aus synthetischem Polymerisat, Zusammenfassen der die Spinndüse verlassenden Fäden zu
mehreren Bündeln, Verstrecken und Abziehen der Fäden mit hoher Geschwindigkeit, Ablegen derselben
auf eine luftdurchlässige Unterlage in überlappenden Bändern in Form von aus im wesentlichen parallelen
Einzelfäden kleiner Anzahl bestehenden Unterbündeln, die gegenseitig beliebig orientierte Schleifen bilden.
In der NL-OS 67 17 460 wird ein solches Verfahren
beschrieben, wobei jedoch über Einzelheiten der zu verwendenden Düsenkonstruktion nichts ausgesagt
wird. Der Düse kommt beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren aber die ausschlaggebende Bedeutung zu.
Die Erfindung ist ein Zusatz zur Erfindung des Patents 17 85 158.
In den US-Patenten 33 38 992 und 33 41 394 wird
vorgeschlagen, die Nachteile der Zusammenfassung der Fäden zu seilartigen Strukturen dadurch zu vermeiden,
daß auf die abzulegenden Fäden eine gleichnamige elektrostatische Udung aufgebracht wird, die sie
voneinander abstößt, so daß jeder einzelne Faden getrennt vom anderen und unter Vermeidung parallel
verlaufender Bündel in das Vlies eingeht Hier wird versucht, eine größere Gleichförmigkeit durch eine
völlig wirre Verteilung und eine Vermeidung von Parallelität der Einzelfäden zu erreichen. Bei diesem
Verfahren müssen die Fäden elektrostatisch aufgeladen werden, was schwierig und störungsanfällig ist. Auch
werden dadurch die Fertigungsgeschwindigkeiten eingeschränkt, und die Vliese erreichen nicht die Festigkeit
von Vliesen mit parallel verlaufenden Fadenbündeln.
In einem anderen bekannten Verfahren (US-Patentschrift 34 02 227) wurden die Faden nach dem Spinnen
mit größter Geschwindigkeit durch eine Luftdüse geschickt, um sie abzuziehen, zu verstrecken und als
wirres Vlies auf ein in Bewegung befindliches Band
abzulegen. Um ein Vlies in praktisch nutzbarer Breite zu
produzieren, wurden nebeneinanderliegende Einzelbahnen aus einer Anzahl von Luftdüsen heraus abgelegt.
Dabei wurden diese Luftdüsen nacheinander über die
ganze Breite des Ablage-Förderbandes schräg versetzt
angeordnet, um eine Überlappung der von den Düsen überstrichenen Einzelbahnen zu erreichen. Dadurch trat
jedoch eine Schichtung oder Schichtbildung im Vlies ein, weil die Fäden der Nachbarbahn erst dann abgelegt
ίο wurden, wenn die eine Bahn bereits fertig abgelegt war.
nicht durchdringen, was sich nachteilig auf die
is Schaffung eines Verfahrens, das die bisherigen Nachteile vermeidet und die Herstellung eines Endlosfadenvlieses aus synthetischem Polymerisat bei möglichst hohen
Fertigungsgeschwindigkeiten erlaubt, dabei die Gleichmäßigkeit der Vlies-Eigenschaften gewährleistet und
ein Verzwirnen der Fäden miteinander vermeidet
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das Verfahren des Patentanspruchs gelöst. Das erzeugte
Vlies zeichnet sich durch große Dicke und Gleichmäßigkeit gegenüber bisher bekannten Vliesen aus. Beim
erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird eine Vliesbahn durch das gleichzeitige Verspinnen einer Vielzahl von
Endlosfäden aus synthetischem Polymerisat hergestellt Das Spinnen erfaßt in der üblichen Weise aus der
Schmelze, wobei z. B. die Schmelze des Polymerisats aus
einer Vielzahl nach unten gerichteter und vorzugsweise
in einer oder mehreren Reihen angeordneter Spinndüsen extrudiert wird. Während des Spinnens werden die
Fäden zu in einer geradlinigen Reihe nebeneinander und in gleichmäßigem Abstand voneinander laufenden.
•35 nichtgedrehten Bündeln mit mindestens 15, vorzugsweise aber 50 bis 150 Fäden, zusammengefaßt Jedes dieser
Bündel wird gleichzeitig mit einer Geschwindigkeit von mindestens 3000 m/min, vorzugsweise 3500 bis 8000 m/
min, in mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit laufenden Gas
strahlen nach unten abgezogen urd dabei so gerichtet,
daß es auf eine wesentlich waagerechte Ablage aufschlägt. Das Zusammenfassen der Fäden zu Bündeln,
ihr Abzug und ihr Aufschlagen auf das Abzugsband erfolgt dadurch, daß man jedes Bündel durch je eine
Abzugsdüse schickt, in welcher die Fäden mit einem
Luftstrahl umhüllt werden, der mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit nach unten schießt Die Abzugsdüsen sind über
der Ablage in gerader, senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung der Ablage ausgerichteter Reihe angeordnet, so
so daß die im Gasstrahl eingeschlossenen Bündel beim Aufschlagen auf das in Bewegung befindliche Ablageband sich in einer Linie bzw. Reihe rechtwinklig zur
Transportrichtung der Ablage erstrecken. Die Ablage kann eine übliche Ablage sein, wie sie in der
Vliestechnik Verwendung rindet, z. B. ein als Endlosband ausgebildetes Siebband oder eine Siebtrommel.
Die aus einer Anzahl parallellaufender Fäden bestehenden Fadenbündel werden auf die Ablage in
schleifenförmiger Anordnung abgelegt, wobei die
primären Schlaufen sich über die ganze Breite einer Einzelbahn, wie sie durch das Aufschlagen des
Luftstrahls aus einer einzigen Luftdüse definiert wird, hin und her erstrecken. Vor und bei Aufschlagen auf die
Ablage werden parallellaufende Fadenbündel in Unter-
bündel aufgespalten, die nur eine geringe Anzahl parallellaufender Fäden aufweisen und sekundäre, also
kleinere Schleifen und Schlingen bilden, die nicht nur einander, sondern auch die benachbarten Einzelbahnen
überlappen und damit eine im wesentlichen völlige Vermischung mit den überlappenden Teilen der
benachbarten Einzelbahnen erzielen. Die abgelegten Fadenbündel bilden dann ein gleichmäßiges Endlosfadenvlies,
das durch Verdichten, Heißsiegeln, Nadeln oder Behandeln mit einem Bindemittel, wie z. B. Latex
oder mit sonstigen in der Vliestechnik bekannten Behandlungsmethoden verfestigt und stabilisiert werden
kann.
Die in der vorliegenden Erfindung entstehenden ι ο Fäden sind orientierte, kristalline oder kristallisierbare
Fäden aus jedem thermoplastischen Polymerisat, das das Verspinnen aus der Schmelze erlaubt, z. B.
Polypropylen, Polyamid und Polyester.
Im folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen
näher beschrieben. Es zeigt
F i g. 1 eine schematische Darstellung der Vliesherstellung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung,
F i g. 2a die schematische Darstellung der Feinstruktür
von abgelegten Unterbündeln, in die das Fadenbündel aufgeteilt ist,
F i g. 2b die Wiedergabe einer Mikrofotografie einer
gemäß der Erfindung hergestellten Vliesbahn mit den Verbindungspunkten zwischen den Unterbündeln,
F i g. 3 ein Beispiel einer Luft- oder Abzugsdüse nach Patent 17 85 158 im Querschnitt
Entsprechend F i g. 1 wird thermoplastisches Material in den Extruder 100 eingeführt, geschmolzen und
extrudiert Angetrieben wird der Extruder durch einen Motor 101. Das extrudierte Material wird mittels einer
Pumpe 103 in die Vielloch-Spinndüse 110 gepumpt Die sich bildenden Fäden werden durch eine Düse 12t
abgezogen, die durch die Einlasse 22a ständig mit unter Druck stehender Luft gespeist wird. In der Abzugsdüse
121 fließt das Druckgas im wesentlichen parallel zu den aus dem Führungsrohr austretenden Fäden, ohne auf sie
aufzutreffen, so daß sie sich nicht vermischen, sondern völlig getrennt voneinander fließen. Genauer gesagt,
fließt das Druckgas so, daß die Fäden sich spreizen und Unterbündel mit ebenfalls im wesentlichen parallel
verlaufenden Fäden bilden. Die so gebildeten Unterbündel schlagen dann auf das Ablageförderband 131 auf, das
sich auf Rollen 141 bewegt. Zwischen dem Ausgang der Düse 121 und der Ablage 131 befindet sich ein Leitblech
104. Unter dem Ablageband ist eine Absaugkammer 105 angeordnet, in der die auf die Ablege 131 geblasene Luft
mindestens zum Teil abgesaugt wird. Das Leitblech 104 ist ein Teil der Absaugkammer und verbessert deren
Absaugwirkung. Nach der Ablage durchläuft das Vlies das Druckwalzenpaar 151.
Die Spinnvorrichtung kann einen Faden mit einer Geschwindigkeit von OJ bis 15 g pro Düse pro Minute
herstellen. Eine zweckmäßige Ausrüstung umfaßt eine Anzahl nach unten gerichteter Spinndüsen, die geschmolzenes
Polymerisat extrudieren und die gewünschten Fäden formen. Die Spinndüsen sind zweckmäßig
in einer oder mehreren Reihen parallel zur Luftdüsenbank angeordnet die j ich in einer Reihe quer
über die in Bewegung befindliche Ablage 131 erstrekken. Wahlweise produziert jede Vielloch-Spinndüse 110
mindestens eine ausreichende Anzahl von Fäden für je eine Abzugs- und Luftdüse, d.h. mindestens 15 und
vorzugsweise 50 bis 150 Fäden, obgleich es üblicher ist, daß eine einzige Vielloch-Spinndüse eine Vielzahl von
AbzugsdOsen 121 beliefert So können z. B. Spinndüsen
mit 200 bis 1000 Austrittsöffnungen verwendet werden.
Die Spinndüsenau?!tittsöffnungen haben Durchmesser
von 0,1 bis 1,5 mm, vorzugsweise von 0,3 bis 1,2 mm,
um typische Fadengrößen zu produzieren. Der Durchsatz flüssigen Polymerisats beträgt im allgemeinen 0,5
bis 1,5 g/min pro Austrittsöffnung, Die Spinntemperatur beträgt üblicherweise 250 bis 350" C, die sich nach dem
Polymerisat richtet, das extrudiert wird Die extrudierten
Fäden werden mit Kühlluft gekühlt
Die in der Spinnmaschine produzierten Fäden werden vorzugsweise auf eine Dicke von etwa 10 bis
50 Mikron, also im Textildenierbereich, verstreckt Die
Fäden können z. B. einen Titer zwischen etwa 1 und 20 Denier haben, obwohl Fäden mit niedrigerem oder
höherem Titer je nach gewünschtem Endprodukt verwendet werden können. So würde man zur Bildung
eines Vlieses für die Herstellung eines textilartigen
Folienmaterials Fäden mit einem Denier von 1 bis 10, für
die Herstellung eines papierartigen Folienmaterials jedoch Fäden mit einem Denier von 3 bis 12 verwenden.
Für dickere Erzeugnisse, wie z. B. Teppichunterlagen, finden dickere Fäden mit einem Titer von 5 bis 20
Verwendung. Die verstreckten Fäden haben im allgemeinen eine Bruch- bzw. 7r;.-reißdehnung über
80% und Zug- bzw. Zerreißfcstigkei·. über 24 g/den,
d. h. von 3 bis 7 g/den.
Die so gesponnenen Fäden werden zu einer geradlinigen Reihe nebeneinanderliegender Bündel mit
mindestens je 15 Fäden, vorzugsweise jedoch 50 bis 150
Fäden, zusammengefaßt in einer Luft- oder Abzugdüse gemäß F i g. 3 verstreckt und mit hohen Geschwindigkeiten
von mindestens 3000 bis 8000 m/min abgezogen. Die für diesen Zweck verwendbaren Luftdüsen sind
Expansions- bzw. Abzugsdüsen. Eine solche Luftdüse besitzt einen Düsenteil, durch deren Hals primäre
Druckluft gleichmäßig mit Oberschallgeschwindigkeit in eine nach außen divergierende Expansionskammer
expandiert wird. Ein Führungsrohr für Fäden und sekundäre Saugluft erstreckt sich zentral durch den Hals
und die Expansionskammer bis zu einem Abzugsrohr mit konstantem Durchmesser. Die primäre Druckluft
fließt im wesentlichen parallel zu den aus dem Führungsrohr austretenden Fäden, ohne sie zu treffen,
d. h. ohne daß ein Vermischen und Verdrallen der Fäden stattfindet Sie fließt vielmehr so, daß ein guter Abstand
eingehalten und vorzugsweise eine Ausdehnung der Bündel und eine Unterteilung in Unterbündel mit
parallel verlaufenden Fäden ermöglicht wird. Damit wird im wesentlichen Parallelität zwischen den Fäden
innerhalb des aus dem Abzugsrohr austretenden Fadenbündels erreicht.
Eine zweckmäßige Ausgestaltung einer Luft- oder Abzugsdüse, die Gegenstand des Hauptpatents ist, ist in
F i g. 3 dargestellt Darin besteht die Luftdüse aus einem Oberteil 2, das in ein Unterteil 1 eingeschraubt ist. Das
Oberteil 2 beherbergt den konischen Einfülltrichter 3 für die Fäden und die Sekundärluft, der in das Führungsrohr
4 mündet Diese konische Einlaßöffnung 3 hat einen Öffnungswinkel χ von 5 bis 15°, vorzugsweise 7 bis 11°,
um bei der Getrennthaltung der Fäden während ihres Durchlaufs durch die Düse mitzuwirken. Die Höhe des
Einlaßtrichters 3 darf nicht größer als der 40fache Innendurchmesser des Führungsrohrteils 4 sein. Gewöhnlich
ist er nicht größer als der 10- bis 2Ofache
Innendurchmesser des Rohres 4. Das Unterteil 1 des Luftdüsengerätes hat zwei ringförmige Bohrungen mit
Lufteinlässen für die Zufuhr primärer Druckluft sowie eine ringförmige Verteilerkammer 12. Diese Verteilerkammer
ist innen von senkrechten Innenwänden 13 begrenzt, die nach oben zu in eine abgerundete Kante 14
enden, die mit dem trichterförmigen Düsenhohlraum 15 verbunden ist, der sich nach innen zu bis zum engsten
Punkt 16 im Hals verjüngt. Der Hohlraum vergrößert sich dann nach außen zur Expansionskammer 17 und
endet in einem zylindrischen Abzugsrohr 18. Die konische Vergrößerung des Düsenhohlraumes 15 nach
außen wird mit Winkel β gemessen. Dieser Winkel beträgt im allgemeinen 8 bis 20°, vorzugsweise jedoch
10 bis 15". Auf diese Weise bildet die Außenwand des Führungsrohres 4 mit der Expansionskammer bei Punkt
16 einen ringförmigen Hals, durch den hindurch die Druckluft bis auf Schallgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt
und nach unten zur Expansionskammer 17 weitergeleitet wird. Der Öffnungswinkel des Düsentrichters 15
beträgt 20 bis 50°.
Die ringförmige Fläche zwischen dem Ende des Führungsrohres 4 und dem Anfang des Abzugsrohres 18
(d.h. dem Ende der Expansionskammer 17) bildet den ringförmigen Querschnitt der fcxpansionszone. Das
Ende des Führungsrohres befindet sich etwas unterhalb des Anfangs des Abzugsrohres 18, das von oben bis
unten gleichmäßig zylindrisch ist.
In der Düse wird ein winkeliges Aufschlagen des Druckgases auf die Fäden im allgemeinen durch eine
zweckmäßige Konstruktion der Expansionskammer im Verhältnis zum Führungsrohr, aus dem die Fäden
austreten, vermieden. Insbesondere soll der aus der Expansionskammer 17 kommende Treibmittelstrom
keine Strömungskomponente zur Achse des Führungsrohres 4 hin besitzen, um ein Verzwirnen der
abzuziehenden Fäden zu vermeiden. Das Druckmedium ist vorzugsweise Kalt- oder Warmluft, aber auch Dampf
oder andere Medien können Verwendung finden. Allgemein beträgt der Eintrittsdruck des Druckgases 10
bis 50atü. Eine weitere Beschreibung zweckmäßiger Luftdüsen findet sich in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 17 85 158.
Ein Fadenbündel oder Unterbündel, das mit hohen Geschwindigkeiten gegen die Ablageoberfläche getrieben wird, spaltet sich in weitere kleinere Unterbündel,
die dann zurückprallen und eine Wirbelschicht sich vet mischender Bündel und Unterbündel bilden, die dann
abgelegt werden. An den Überlappungsstellen verketten sich Wirbelfäden benachbarter Luftdüsen wirksam
zu einem endlosen, gleichmäßigen, ungeschichteten überlappenden Teil.
In Fig. 2a ist ein auf die Ablagefläche aufgeschlagenes Unterbündel a aus parallelen Einzelfäden gezeigt,
welches sich in kleinere Bündel b aufgeteilt hat, und von dem ein Einzelfaden c für sich weiterläuft. Die
Unterbündel bilden Schleifen und überkreuzen sich selbst, etwa im Bereich e, und/oder sie überkreuzen
andere Fadenbündel.
Wenn die Vliesbahnen mit dieser Fadenstniktur durch Hitzebehandlung verfestigt worden sind, werden
die Fadenbündel an den Fadenschnittpunkten der sich kreuzenden Fadenbündelschleifen zusammengeschweißt Die sich kreuzenden Fadenbündel verteilen
sich über die Fläche des Faservlieses in einem isotropen Muster ohne Vorzugsrichtung. Dieser Fadenverlauf
gewährleistet niedrige Dehnung, Formbeständigkeit und ungewöhnlich hohe Zerreißfestigkeit der Produkte
gemäß vorliegendem Verfahren. Das Aussehen des verdichteten Fadenvlieses bzw. der Vliesfolie ist in
Fig. 2b dargestellt, die eine Mikrofotografie eines solchen Fadenvliesmaterials gemäß der vorliegenden
Erfindung wiedergibt.
34 02 227) wird das Vlies aus Einzelbahnen gebildet, wobei jede Einzelbahn durch die Fäden einer der in
Reihe angeordneten LuftdUsen gebildet wird. Die Luftdüsenreihe verläuft dabei in spitzem Winkel zur
> Bewegungsrichtung der Ablagefläche. Es ist unvermeidlich, daß dabei eine Schichtung eintritt, da eine von einer
einzigen Luftdüse abgelegte Einzelbahn bereits gelegt und vollständig ausgebildet ist, bevor der danach sich
ausbildende überlappende Teil der benachbarten
to Einzelbahn aufgebracht wird. Im wesentlichen werden
bei bekannten Verfahren innerhalb der Vliesstruktur zusammengelagerte Bereiche gebildet, in denen diese
Zusammenlagerungen viel stärker als die Verknüpfungen zwischen den anliegenden Zusammenlagerungen
'■> sind, so daß die Festigkeit der Gesamtvliesbahn
ungleichmäßig wird.
Die vorliegende Erfindung vermeidet solche Schichtung dadurch, daß für eine gleichzeitige Bildung,
verrnisciiüng üüu wucfiäppüng von ί*SGCritir.ICrCür!-
-'" dein, Schleifen und Schlingen in den anliegenden
abgelegten Einzelbahnen gesorgt wird.
Aus diesem Grund sind die Abzugsdüsen in einer geraden, senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung der Vliesablage 131 ausgerichteten Reihe angeordnet. Dabei
r. greifen die Luftkegel benachbarter Abzugsdüsen nach einigem Strömungsweg ineinander, so daß sich die
mitgeführten Fäden bereits vor oder unmittelbar über der ACvege durchdringen können.
w Beispiel 1
Polypropylen-Granulat wurde in einem Extruder geschmolzen, der eine Schnecke mit einem Durchmesser von 45 mm und eine Länge hatte, die 28mal so groß
war wie ihr Durchmesser. Das Polypropylen hatte einen
Ji kristallinen Schmelzbereich von 160 bis 164°C. eine
Dichte von 0,906 g/cm1 und einen Schmel/index A bei
2300C von etwa 5 vor dem Extrudieren. Die Extrusion
erfolgte unter einem Druck von 35 kg/cm2 und die Schmelze wies eine Temperatur von 3100C am Ausgang
■•ο auf. Die Spinndüse besaß 300 Düsenaustritte. Der
Durchsatz betrug 0,66 g pro Austritt und Minute. Die aus Spinndüse austretenden Polypropylenfäden wurden
auf eine Temperatur unter 6O0C abgekühlt und in Bündeln von je 30 Einzelfäden aus zehn Luftdüsen
**> abgezogen, die in gleichmäßigem Abstand voneinander
in einer Reihe quer zur Bewegungsrichtung des Förderbandes, das sich 13 m unterhalb der Düsen
befand, angeordnet waren. Die Luftdüsen arbeiteten mit einem Druck von 22 Atm. Der Luftverbrauch betrug pro
Düse 30 m3 und Stunde. Die Abmessungen der Luftdüsen waren 2,0 mm 0 am Eintrittsre..r und
43 mm 0 am Austrittsrohr. Die Fäden wurden von einem Luftstrom mit einer Geschwindigkeit von etwa
520 m/sec durch die Luftdüsen gezogen. Die Luftdüsen
pendelten mit einer Frequenz von 2 Hz. Die Abzugsgeschwindigkeit des vom Luftstrom mitgerissenen Fadens
betrug 4000 m/min, was einen Titer von 13 den ergab.
Die Festigkeit der Fäden mit 1,5 den betrug 43gAJen.
Das Flächengewicht der abgelegten Vliesbahn betrug
85 g/m2, was einer Durchsatzgeschwindigkeit von
103 kg/h entsprach. Das Ablage- und Förderband wurde mit einer Geschwindigkeit von etwa 3 m/min
vorwärtsbewegt Die Endlosfäden wurden auf das sich in Bewegung befindliche Förderband in wirr überlap-
penden Unterbündeln geblasen, die jeweils drei bis fünf
im wesentlichen parallellaufende Fäden enthielten und eine Vliesbahn bildeten. Die so erzeugte Vliesbahn
bestand aus einer Vielzahl seitlich nebeneinanderliegen-
der Längs-Einzelbahnen aus Polypropylenfäden, die
sich in Form kleiner Unterbündel mit im wesentlichen parallellaufenden Fäden in schleifenartiger Anordnung
auf der Einzelbahn in einer Breite von 0,25 m bei einer Fadenlänge von 5 m hin und her verteilten und sich über
einer Einzelbahn in schleifenförmiger Anordnung zu mehrfach überlappenden sekundären kleineren Schleifen und Schlingen verdichteten. Die anliegenden
Ein,---!bahnen überlappten ohne Schichtung um jeweils
65 bis 70% ihrer Breite. Die Schleifen und Schlingen einer Einzelbahn vermischten sich vollständig mit denen
anliegender Einzelbahnen. Das Flächeiigewichi eines
Vliesbahnsegments wich vom Durchschnittsgewicht der gesamten Vliesbahn um höchstens 7% ab. Die so
entstehende Vliesbahn hatte eine Breite von 70 cm und eine sehr gleichmaßige Struktur. Zur leichteren
Handhabung der Vliesbahn wurde sie zwischen zwei Wal/en leicht gepreßt. Diese leicht verpreßte Vliesbahn
wurde dann mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 3 m/min
/wischen Band und Walze der Druckbandmaschine durchgezogen.
N>lon h wurde in dem in Beispiel 1 beschrieber.cn
!•Intruder geschmolzen. Die Viskosität des geschmolzenen
Materials betrug 2.6 rel bei einer Temperatur von 2ΗΪ C. Der lAtruderdruck betrug 60 Atm. Die Vielloch-Spinndusc
hatte 150 Dosenlocher mit einem Durchmesser
von je O.f) mm. Der Durchsatz pro Dusenloch betrug
1.1 g/min. Die Nylonfäden wurden mit dem Luftstrahl
um." den gleichen Betriebsbedingungen wie in Be.
spiel 1 abgezogen. Die sich daraus ergebende Fadenali
/upsgeschwindigkeit betrug 330Om min. was einem
Titer von 3,0 den entspricht. Das Flächengewicht der abgelegten Vliesbahn betrug 350 g/m'.
Ein Polyester mit einem Gehalt von 0.4 Gewichtspro
zent an Titandioxid wurde in einem Extruder geschmolzen und wie folgt verarbeitet:
Extruder | 45 mm 0; |
Länge 126 cm (28 d) | |
Vielloch-Spinndüse | 300 Düsenaustritte |
Spinntemperatur | 275°C |
Anzahl der Luftdüsen | 10 |
Durchsatz | 1.1 g pro Düsenaustritt |
und Minute | |
Fadenabzugsgeschwin- | 4500 m/min |
rtiolf pit
— -et |
|
Titer | 2,2 Denier |
luftdruck für die Luft- | 25 Atm. |
düsen | |
Innendurchmesser der | 2.5 mm |
l.uftdüse | |
Außendurchmesser der | 5,0 mm |
Luftdüse | |
Hächengewicht | 100g/m-' |
Die so erzeugte und abgelegte \ liesbahn wurde bei
r.e- lemperatur um 102 C'und unter geringem Druck
ιLK ersiegelt und auf herden Seilen geprägt.
IKrzu 3 »hut /,:,
Claims (1)
- Patentanspruch:Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Fadenvlieses durch Ausspinnen einer Vielzahl von Endlosfäden aus synthetischem Polymerisat, Zusammenfassen der die Spinndüse verlassenden Fäden zu mehreren Bündeln, Verstrecken und Abziehen der Fäden mit hoher Geschwindigkeit, Ablegen derselben auf eine luftdurchlässige Unterlage in überlappenden Bändern, in Form von aus im wesentlichen parallelen Einzelfäden kleiner Anzahl bestehenden Unterbündeln, die gegenseitig beliebig orientierte Schleifen bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Endlosfäden zu Fadenbündeln von je 15 bis 150 Fäden zusammengefaßt werden, daß jedes Fadenbündel in einer Runddüse nach Patent 17 85 158 geleitet wird, in der der ringförmige Treibmittelstrom auf Überschallgeschwindigkeit gebracht wird, daß die Fäden mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 3000 bis 8000 numin aus der Runddüse austreten, und daß mindestens 5 Fadenbünde! in einer geraden, senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung der Unterlage ausgerichteten Reihe parallel zueinander abgezogen werden, derart, daß die Fäden benachbarter Fadenbündel sich bereits vor oder unmittelbar über der Ablage durchdringen.
Priority Applications (17)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19691966031 DE1966031A1 (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1969-10-08 | Neuartiges Endlosfadenvlies |
DE1950669A DE1950669C3 (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1969-10-08 | Verfahren zur Vliesherstellung |
US865128A US3692618A (en) | 1969-10-08 | 1969-10-09 | Continuous filament nonwoven web |
JP19247069A JPS4828386B1 (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1969-12-30 | |
FR7004806A FR2032855A5 (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-02-11 | |
IL33894A IL33894A0 (en) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-02-13 | Continuous filament non-woven web,process and apparatus for its production |
CH239370A CH527310A (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-02-18 | Endlosfadenvlies |
AT180470A AT317408B (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-02-26 | Endlosfadenvlies und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
AU12004/70A AU1200470A (en) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-03-02 | Continuous filament non-woven web and process for producing the same |
ES379169A ES379169A1 (es) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-04-29 | Procedimiento de fabricacion de un velo no tejido. |
NL7006394A NL7006394A (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-04-29 | |
ES380122A ES380122A1 (es) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-05-27 | Dispositivo para preparar velos no tejidos. |
SU1468165A SU372832A1 (ru) | 1970-08-19 | Способ изготовления нетканого материала | |
GB1297582D GB1297582A (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-09-21 | |
BE757138D BE757138A (fr) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-10-06 | Nappe de fibres sans fin d'un nouveau genre |
DE19702058690 DE2058690A1 (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1970-11-28 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wirrvliesen mit einstellbarem Schrumpfverhalten der abgelegten Faeden |
FR7142399A FR2115418A2 (fr) | 1969-10-08 | 1971-11-26 | Nappe de fibres sans fin d'un nouveau genre |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1950669A DE1950669C3 (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1969-10-08 | Verfahren zur Vliesherstellung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1950669A1 DE1950669A1 (de) | 1971-07-15 |
DE1950669B2 DE1950669B2 (de) | 1973-05-24 |
DE1950669C3 true DE1950669C3 (de) | 1982-05-13 |
Family
ID=5747613
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1950669A Expired DE1950669C3 (de) | 1969-10-08 | 1969-10-08 | Verfahren zur Vliesherstellung |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3692618A (de) |
JP (1) | JPS4828386B1 (de) |
AT (1) | AT317408B (de) |
AU (1) | AU1200470A (de) |
BE (1) | BE757138A (de) |
CH (1) | CH527310A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1950669C3 (de) |
ES (2) | ES379169A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2032855A5 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1297582A (de) |
IL (1) | IL33894A0 (de) |
NL (1) | NL7006394A (de) |
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DE3541128A1 (de) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-27 | Benecke Gmbh J | Verfahren zur herstellung eines vlieses aus endlosfaeden und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
DE3601201C1 (de) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-09 | Benecke Gmbh J | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wirrvliesbahnen und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens |
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- 1969-10-08 DE DE1950669A patent/DE1950669C3/de not_active Expired
- 1969-10-09 US US865128A patent/US3692618A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-12-30 JP JP19247069A patent/JPS4828386B1/ja active Pending
-
1970
- 1970-02-11 FR FR7004806A patent/FR2032855A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-02-13 IL IL33894A patent/IL33894A0/xx unknown
- 1970-02-18 CH CH239370A patent/CH527310A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-02-26 AT AT180470A patent/AT317408B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-03-02 AU AU12004/70A patent/AU1200470A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-04-29 NL NL7006394A patent/NL7006394A/xx unknown
- 1970-04-29 ES ES379169A patent/ES379169A1/es not_active Expired
- 1970-05-27 ES ES380122A patent/ES380122A1/es not_active Expired
- 1970-09-21 GB GB1297582D patent/GB1297582A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-06 BE BE757138D patent/BE757138A/xx unknown
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3541127A1 (de) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-27 | Benecke Gmbh J | Verfahren zur herstellung eines vlieses aus endlosfaeden sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
DE3541128A1 (de) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-27 | Benecke Gmbh J | Verfahren zur herstellung eines vlieses aus endlosfaeden und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
DE3601201C1 (de) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-09 | Benecke Gmbh J | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wirrvliesbahnen und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens |
DE102020130593A1 (de) | 2020-11-19 | 2022-05-19 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Vliesstoffen aus Endlosfilamenten |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3692618A (en) | 1972-09-19 |
ES379169A1 (es) | 1972-08-01 |
DE1950669A1 (de) | 1971-07-15 |
DE1950669B2 (de) | 1973-05-24 |
AT317408B (de) | 1974-08-26 |
NL7006394A (de) | 1971-04-14 |
BE757138A (fr) | 1971-03-16 |
AU1200470A (en) | 1971-09-09 |
FR2032855A5 (de) | 1970-11-27 |
ES380122A1 (es) | 1972-08-16 |
SU372832A3 (de) | 1973-03-01 |
GB1297582A (de) | 1972-11-22 |
CH527310A (de) | 1972-08-31 |
IL33894A0 (en) | 1970-04-20 |
JPS4828386B1 (de) | 1973-08-31 |
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