DE1950669A1 - Novel endless thread fleece - Google Patents

Description

1950059

METAILGESELLSCHAFT Frankfurt / Main, September 23, 1969 Aktiengesellschaft -Schh / HSz-

No. 6271 LÖ. . ■. ; .

New type of continuous thread fleece

The invention relates to a continuous thread fleece and a method for its production. In particular relates the invention is based on the production of clay continuous thread nonwovens synthetic polymers such as polyolefins, polyamides, Polyesters and / or their copolymers, which are made of textile, Felt or paper-like film material can be processed.

Well known and widely used are the staple fiber fleeces, The manufacture of fleece from continuously spun threads offers the gate part a simpler and easier one faster production method in which the spinning and ■ nonwoven manufacturing process with a more or less "direct conversion of the" polymer melt by spinning the melt can be combined to form threads that are immediately deposited as fleece. However, the production of such nonwovens has the previous technology again and again insofar as difficulties prepares as the threads during spinning and laying the Had a tendency to maintain their spinning parallelism and to form structures that adhere together like ropes, which form the fleece imparted undesirable unevenness in appearance and strength. In addition, to make nonwoven fabric, it is required to form lengthways side by side individual strips, and the 'strength and evenness of these Individual tracks depend largely on neighboring or overlapping parts.

In U.S. Patents 3,338,992 and 3,341,394 it has been suggested to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the summary of U.S. Patents 3,338,992 and 3,341,394 To avoid threads to rope-like structures by being on

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the threads to be deposited an electrostatic charge is developed, which repels them from one another, so that each individual thread enters the fleece in a tangled manner and avoiding parallel bundles. Here an attempt is made to achieve greater uniformity through a completely confused distribution and avoidance of parallelism of the individual threads. According to the described method, the electrostatically charged filaments must _s are placed so that the repulsive like charges spread fan-shaped and spaced from one another hold what the Fertigüngsgesehwindigkeit restricts and "even \ difficulty has in the tray for the sequence. However, such fabrics do not reach the strength of fleeces with parallel fiber bundles, -./■ V -

In a previously known procedure after spinning, the threads are sent through an air nozzle at maximum speed to pull them off, to draw them and lay it down as a tangled fleece on a moving band, In order to make a fleece practically nutsable To produce wide, it was known to have a number of juxtaposed To deposit individual lanes from a number of air nozzles. Generally would be desirable held, these air nozzles one after the other over the entire width; of the storage conveyor barides so offset that a desired overlap of the individual tracks was achieved. As a result, however, something occurred that is known as stratification could denote between the individual tracks, d. H. those of The individual tracks deposited in the subsequent air nozzles no longer had the strength peculiar to the individual individual tracks. That was the case, for example, than the Fleeces from a row of air nozzles were deposited diagonally Were arranged across the width of the storage and conveyor belt.

The object of the present invention is therefore to create a method that has the previous technical disadvantages avoids and the production of a continuous thread fleece from

synthetic polymer at much higher production speeds "allowed and thereby a uniformity of the fleece properties achieved and the for higher strength serving parallel ends. Bundle of thread maintains.

A further object of the present Sfindung is to provide a novel nonwoven fabric which is characterized by greater strength and uniformity compared to previously achieved feathers fleece.

In the following, embodiments of the invention are in Connection -with the drawings described in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of the Nonwoven manufacture according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a flow diagram of the step-by-step process and the essential parts of the device in one convenient Embodiment of the invention for making heat-sealed Fleece;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a withdrawal and ventilation nozzle for withdrawing, drawing and depositing the threads;

Fig. 4 shows a detailed diagram of the way of filing a thread bundle on a storage surface;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the staggered arrangement of the air nozzles over the shelf;

Fig. 5A the position of the stationary air nozzlesj Fig. 5B pendulum. Üu £ tdüsen} _f

. 5C the setting of the air nozzles in order to achieve multiple overlap m ?

Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the fine structure a single web, which is made from a bundle of threads

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single air nozzle on the shelf is j

Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of the fine structure of Sub-bundles, into which the thread bundle is divided, and their loop-shaped arrangement and

Fig. 8 is a reproduction of a photomicrograph of an according to of the invention produced nonwoven web.

According to the present invention, a nonwoven web is produced by the simultaneous spinning of a large number of continuous filaments from synthetic polymer. Spinning takes place in the usual way from the melt, for example the melt of the polymer being extruded from a large number of spinnerets directed downwards and preferably arranged in one or more rows. During spinning, the threads are combined into a straight row next to one another and at a uniform distance from one another, non-twisted bundles with at least 15, but preferably 50 to 150 threads. Each of these bundles is pulled down simultaneously and at a speed of at least 3,000 m / min, preferably 3,500 to 8,000 m / min, in gas jets running at supersonic speed and directed so that they strike a substantially horizontal shelf. The gathering of the threads into bundles, their withdrawal and their striking on the withdrawal belt is preferably carried out by sending the bundles through air nozzles in which the threads are enveloped with an air jet which shoots downwards at supersonic speed. The air nozzles are arranged in a straight row above the tray and at right angles to its direction of movement, so that the bundles enclosed in the gas jet when they hit the moving tray belt extend in a line or row at right angles above the tray. The shelf can be a conventional shelf as it is used in the non-woven technology, _for . B. an endless belt

■ ■ _ 5 _

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as a sieve belt or the upper part of a drum as a sieve drum. The thread bundles, consisting of a number of threads running in parallel, are placed on the tray in a loop-shaped arrangement, with the primary loops extending back and forth over the entire width of a single web, as defined by the impact of the air jet: from a single air nozzle . Gate and when the parallel thread bundles hit the shelf, they are split into sub-bundles that are only one small. ^; : have a greater number of threads running in parallel and form secondary, that is, smaller loops and loops, which not only overlap one another, but also the neighboring individual webs, and thus achieve an essentially complete admixture with the overlapping parts of the neighboring individual spans . The deposited thread bundles then form a uniform continuous thread fleece, which is then compacted, heat-sealed, needled or treated with a binding agent such as, for. B * latex or with other In the yiies-Techn / lk known? th treatment methods solidified: and stablllal ^ W Meraen ""'. can. . ".- ■" ..- ■ ■■ - "-.-.". ■ "■ I:; ^- ■ ': ~'.. \ ■ - / Vf;.

The present invention contains in "d ^ r 'main' ^ Process stages, namely: The spinning of the Pöiymörisät-- ': thread, the peeling off and stretching., jsöwle the filing. a fleece web and its consolidation.

The filaments conveniently used in the present invention are oriented, crystalline or crystallizable fibers from any thermoplastic polymer that allows a Schmelze.-spinnable, Such polymers are the polyolefins, such .B .. ₁ -. linear polyethylene, isotafic polypropylene, polyisobutylene _r polybutadieti and the like? Polyurethanes, polyvinyls and the like *; fOlyaiaide like %. B. Polyhexamethylene Adipic Acid Amide and Polycaproamld; Polyesters such as, for example, ■ polyethylene terephthalate and gopolyester of ethylene glycol in a mixture with terephthalic and isoterephthalic acids or copolymers as well as condensation melt poly-

Ulf

mers, block graft polymers and the like, based on the same monomers as the polymers mentioned above.

The polymer is melted in an extruder, for example, and the melt is pumped into the spinning device. The threads are spun with a spinning device which is capable of producing a thread at a speed of at least 0.1 to 15 g per nozzle per minute. Useful equipment includes a number of downwardly directed spinnerets which extrude molten polymer and form the desired filaments. The spinnerets are expedient to be arranged in one or more rows parallel to the bank of air nozzles, which extend across the moving storage area.Each multi-hole spinneret produces at least a sufficient number of threads for a take-off and air nozzle, i.e. at least 15 and preferably 50 to 150 filaments, although it is more common for a single spinneret to supply a large number of air nozzles. For example, spinnerets with 200 to 1,000 orifices can be used. Have dUsenaustrittsöffnungen the spinning diameter of 0.1 to 1.5 mm · mm preferably of 0.5 to 1 _f 2 to produce typical thread sizes.

The throughput of liquid polymer is generally 0.5 to 1.5 g / ni / ^ ro outlet opening. The spinning temperature is usually 250 to 350 ° C, the -secure depends on the polymer that is extruded. the Eitruded threads are cooled with cooling air.

The threads produced in the spinning machine are shown carefully a $ P. a thickness> <? »: jca ,, 10 to 50'Jmicron ,. so in the textile egg area, stretched. The threads can be used for Example of a single titer between 1 and .20 denier, although threads with lower or higher denier depending on desired end product can be used. So would

For the formation of a nonwoven for the production of a textile-like sheet material, threads with a denier of 1 to 10 are used, for the production of a paper-like sheet material, however, threads with a denier of 3 "to 12. For thicker products such as carpeting can be found thicker yarns having a denier 5 to 20 use. the drawn yarns generally have a Bruchbzw. elongation at break greater than 80 ° / o and tensile or tear strength 2.5 g / d, that is 3-7 g / den.

The threads spun in this way become a straight line adjacent bundles with at least 15 threads each, but preferably 50 to 100 threads combined, drawn and blown out with a suitable device, These are preferably air nozzles, the air jets with the according to capable of producing supersonic speed required by the present invention. The bundling of the Threads emerging from multi-hole spinnerets are made by a suitable arrangement of the air nozzles themselves or others expedient means.

The threads are drawn off at high speeds of at least 3,000 to 8,000 m / min. The ones that can be used for this purpose jQuftdüsen are expansion or extraction nozzles. Such an air nozzle has a nozzle part through which Neck's primary compressed air expands evenly at supersonic speed into an outwardly diverging expansion chamber will. A guide tube for threads and secondary suction air extends centrally through the neck and the expansion chamber up to a flue pipe with a constant diameter. The primary compressed air flows essentially in parallel to the threads emerging from the guide tube without hitting them, d. without any mixing and twisting of the Threads takes place. Rather, it flows in such a way that a good spacing is maintained and preferably an expansion of the bundle and a division into sub-bundles with parallel ones Threads is made possible. This becomes one of the essentials.

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complete parallelism between the threads within the thread bundle emerging from the draw-off tube is achieved. An expedient configuration of an air nozzle is shown in Figure -3 * The air nozzle consists of an upper part 2 which is screwed into a lower part 1. The upper part 2 houses the conical filling funnel 3 for the threads and the secondary air, which opens into the guide tube 4. This conical inlet opening 3 has to contribute an opening angle ^ of 5 to 15 ° ^Q "preferably 7 ° to 11 ° at the separate storage of the yarns during their passage through the nozzle. The height of the inlet funnel 3 must not be greater than 40 times the inner diameter of the guide tube part 4. It is usually not larger than 10 to 20 times the inner diameter of the pipe 4. The lower part 1 of the air nozzle device has two annular bores with air inlets for the supply of primary compressed air and an annular dividing chamber 12 at the top to end in a rounded edge 14, which is connected to the funnel-shaped nozzle cavity 15, which tapers inward to .bis to the narrowest point 16 in the neck. The cavity then enlarges to the outside to the expansion chamber 17 and ends in a cylindrical exhaust pipe 18. The conical enlargement of the nozzle cavity 15 to the outside is measured with Winkelß. This angle is generally 8 to 20 °, but preferably 10 to 15 °. In this way, the outer wall of the guide tube 4 with the expansion chamber at point 16 forms an annular neck through which the compressed air is accelerated to the speed of sound and passed down to the expansion chamber 17. The opening angle γ of the nozzle funnel 15 is 20 to 50 °. :

The annular surface between the end of the guide tube 4 j and the. Beginning of the exhaust pipe 18 (i.e. / h * the end of the expan-. ' sion chamber 17) forms the annular cross section of the expansion zone. The end of the guide tube is slightly

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below the beginning of the exhaust pipe 18, which extends from the top to is uniformly cylindrical at the bottom.

Another can be used for the present invention Use air jet device if there are threads at higher speed pulling off and thereby eliminating any mutual influence of the threads »For such air jet devices are generally used print media that expand to supersonic speeds and maeh numbers up to 3.5 and more with a flow either parallel to the thread direction and reach slightly off the thread direction. In this way there is an angular impact of the compressed gas on the threads in general by a suitable construction of the expansion chamber in relation to the guide tube where the thread emerges, avoided. The pressure medium is preferably cold or warm air, but also steam or others Media can be used. In general, the inlet pressure of the compressed gas is 10 to 50 atmospheres. Another description an appropriate air nozzle can be found in the co-pending application P 17 85 1 |? 8.0 of August 17 1968.

The thread bundles are in their gas jets from the exhaust pipe the nozzle against the storage surface as shown in Fig. 3. An air extractor is under the gas-permeable shelf surface provided to evacuate some of the air blown onto the shelf surface.

A thread bundle or sub-bundle that is drifting against the depositing surface at high speeds can split into further smaller sub-bundles, as will be described in detail below, "which then rebound and form a fluidized bed of intermingling bundles and sub-bundles which in turn are in the characteristic hereinafter described manner are stored. at the liberlappungsstellen to vortex filaments concatenate the adjacent IiuftdÜsen effective to form an endless * uniform ungeschich ₌ ended overlapping part * "'

iot * 2t / im ~ " ¹ⁱ ν

The manner in which the filing is done to the desired Achieving uniformly strong, uncoated fleece is the key feature of the present Invention. Some definitions and theoretical considerations regarding the web properties are in this Context appropriate.

A textile fleece can be described by two parameters, regardless of its structure: namely, the thread weight f of the fleece fabric expressed in g / m, and the denier of the thread used (denier defined as the gram weight of a 9,000-meter thread ), These two parameters can be combined to define the »specific thread length ¹¹ _! _, Where J [is the total thread length» which has been stored in a unit of area:

The "specific thread length» 2 ^ ^s ^ independent of the fleece structure ^ cL h. A certain value for _1_ could, for example, be the result of the deposition of a single thread or a multitude of threads emanating from one or more air nozzles. step out.

The basis weight (F #) of the produced by a single air nozzle Fleece can be calculated from the following variables?

·; '■ ...._ n; = Number of threads per air nozzle;

b = width of the stored Sinzei web per air nozzle ■ "(m);

ν = longitudinal speed of the storage surface, (m / min);

gi = throughput per multi-hole spinning nozzle (g / hole / min).

The basis weight is then defined as follows: ■

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The basis weight f of a fleece consisting of several individual webs produced by a number of air nozzles is the formula

f - (m) (gl) (n) / 2

where m = number of air nozzles and B = width of the conveyor belt (in meters) on which the filing takes place.

If the air nozzles are arranged so that there is a shelf adjoining but not overlapping individual tracks, then it is clear that ff; * = f is, i.e. that is, that of a single Air nozzle produced basis weight is equal to the total produced basis weight. If now ff; is less than f, the stored individual tracks must overlap and the degree of divergence between f and ff_ is a measure of the degree of overlap. In general, the web produced according to the present invention maintains an f / f * ratio of 2; 1 to 4: 1 too to have. ■

The specific thread length T can also be found in the other express variable sizes given above »if

(4) Denier =,

where Wa is the thread pulling speed (m / min), the Combination of definitions (1), (2), and (4) to

(5) 1 * = Ql? ** ^y ~ 'i (m / cm ² ) \ o) i_ (b) (ν) χ 10 ^wcm ./'

v / obei IjJ; the specific one produced by a single air nozzle Thread length is. Combine for the fleece that has been laid down in total definitions (1), (3) and (4) apply

Here, too, 1 «Jj ^ for adjacent non-overlapping Ißinzelhä ^^ wan'Vgröü & r as V ^ in the case of overlap, that is, in an overlapped fleece is the per unit area

? Size of the thread length? than in a single, of just one air ί nozzle separately stored single lane.

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As stated above, the efforts of the "previously known process technology to achieve the overlap of the stored individual webs required the installation of air nozzles at intervals in the direction of the longitudinal movement of the storage surface either by means of offset" air nozzle groups, which spread across the width of the "storage surface at different Locations extend or by arranging the air nozzles diagonally across the width of the "surface. It is clear"that; in both cases a stratification must occur, that is, that a single web deposited by a single air nozzle necessarily overbzw. is placed under the next adjacent single track, insofar as the overlapping part of a single single track is essentially completely formed before the overlapping part of the next adjacent single track that is then formed is applied. - In essence, within the fleece structure, aggregated areas are formed in which these aggregations are much stronger than the distances between the adjacent aggregates, so the thickness of the G-esaritvlios web becomes uneven. This also applies to those previous technology (see, for example, US Pat. No. 3 "402-227), where the air nozzles were arranged in such a way that the basis weight and the specific thread length were essentially" uniform over the entire web the principle of Gaussian distribution of the threads deposited by a single air nozzle (i.e. less thread deposit near the longitudinal edges of a single web than near its center) and sufficient overlap to compensate for the thread deposit over the entire width of a single web In technology, this compensation required an overlap of 50 to 80 % of two adjacent individual tracks. In spite of such compensation, of course, a layering with simultaneous unevenness of the thickness of the individual web formed has still taken place, despite a relatively uniform fleece density over the entire width,

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"The present invention avoids such stratification by that for a simultaneous formation, mixing and overlapping of thread sub-bundles, loops and loops is taken care of in the adjacent stored individual lanes,

When the nonwoven web is deposited according to the present invention, a single web overlaps the next-adjacent MViB. by 50 % of its width. In this way, a middle single lane, that is, one with laterally adjoining single lanes, must be completely overlapped. According to Fig. 5A, the overlap c. at least 50 # of the storage width b of a single lane, be »If air nozzles are used ^ those in a plane.transverse (or at an angle of up to 45 °) to the direction of movement; Swing the storage area back and forth * then the width of the track b will be measured over the widest air cone area (see Fig. 5B). In Fig. 5B, the shaded parts of the air cone cross-section represent that, surface i _; dar _t: which is swept by> swinging the air nozzle from: its ^v middle (not shaded) position out., and. the; The overlap distance c_ becomes more closely overlapping between the ^ ellipsis ^ - ■; $ && widest area. Air cone; measured »It; is possible a much larger overlap; as _; SO # to carry out two adjacent individual webs »Wi & in Fig. 5Ö ^: shown _f the overlap width £ can approach the individual web width b so far that the two widths are almost the same. In such a device there can be deposited parts such as d in Fig. 5C, where the deposit is made from at least three air nozzles. In any case, however, the overlap spacing o_ must be at least 50 % _t but if possible 70 % of the individual web width b, regardless of whether the air nozzles paddle back and forth or not. It is clear, however, that the air nozzles oscillating back and forth generally have a wider coated area, ie a larger individual web width b and a greater degree of multiple overlapping (depositing from three or more air nozzles in a single depositing part).

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ensure. With such a multiple overlap, a V becomes A particularly strong and even fleece is achieved.

In the present invention, overlapping without stratification is achieved by arranging the air nozzles in a straight line over the moving conveyor belt, i.e. at right angles to the direction of the longitudinal movement of the depositing belt * around an overlapping series of air jets as shown in Fig. 5 to be provided. In stationary, ie not back and herpendelnden- air nozzles or air cones overlap occurs fitting air jets which are generated by abutting Luftdüaen, characterized in that one regulates the distance between the air nozzle and 'shelf · _s so that die.Luftstrahlen the outside to the air nozzle to the support surface and assume a conical shape »overlap to the desired extent as soon as they hit the surface in question. This is illustrated in Fig. 5. Since an air jet emerges from an air nozzle at a natural expansion angle (e.g. from about 5 ° to about 1O ^ Tön of the vertical), the storage width of a single web is only determined by the distance between the exhaust pipe of the air nozzle and the storage surface To achieve the degree of overlap required by the present invention, a distance of 0.3 to 1.5 meters is selected between the air nozzle and the storage surface, the air nozzles being arranged at intervals of β cm from one another.

In a practical embodiment of the present invention, the air nozzles oscillate back and forth when the thread bundles are deposited. The pendulum plane can be to the side, i. E. transversely to the direction of the ¹ longitudinal movement of the storage surface or at an angle of up to 45 ° to it. In each case moves, the air jet generated by each air nozzle laterally across the width of _a: shown single web, such as ¹ in Fig, 5B, if the air nozzles perform a reciprocating movement, is a particularly complete mixing det fiber bundles and sub-bundles in the overlapped 'surfaces achieved , insofar as the thread bundles and sub-bundles

within the adjacent air jets interlock like mixed cards, creating a strong and even bond on the overlapping surfaces. Another part of the goal of using pendulous air nozzles is that the width of the single sheet laid down, determined by a depositing device, and the hatred of the overlap vary by changing the fender amplitude. In commercially expedient embodiments, these pendulum amplitudes are approximately 5 to 30 mm. In addition, the pendulum frequency can be adjusted within certain limits and can be optimally selected in order to achieve the desired type of deposit and the desired degree of non-layered overlap. The theoretically highest possible frequency (L max) that can be achieved when laying thread bundles back and forth across the laying width without allowing time to form loops on itself is given by the following equation:

^{(7) L} (max) ⁼

where VJa is a withdrawal speed of the threads in m / min and (b) is the width of a single web. In this way, for example, a haul-off speed of 4,000 m / min and a deposit width of 0.3 m enables a maximum frequency of 111 Hz * At frequencies approaching their maximum, a normal primary loop pattern is formed, while at low frequencies the threads deviate from this normal loop pattern and form loops or smaller loops and loops on themselves, as shown schematically in Fig. 6. If the frequencies are reduced, a greater number of crossing points of thread bundles, sub-bundles and loops are formed which cross one another. As a result, the strength of the nonwoven material produced is increased. To produce a nonwoven according to the present invention, Must ^{1 is} at least five times the length of thread are compressed in secondary loops and slings would wit required to form only primary loops, and therefore required in the present invention pendant au frequencies up to 0.2 L _max . It is understandable that in the calculation of the maximum frequency according to the above equation, the pendulum looseness was conceded

'■ -. ■ - fO9829 / .U? 7

- T b -

This is of course not entirely true because of this speed is temporarily reduced to zero at the reversal points. Stopping can be countered by making appropriate changes to the equipment in order to change the distribution of the basis weight and thus the basis weight over the entire width of a Compensate single lane. So it may be desirable to slow down the speed of the pendulous air jets when they move out of their middle position to excessively high thread application near the center of such a single " avoid railway. Frequencies of 2 to 7 Hz have proven to be advantageous in the production of practically usable nonwovens proven.

It is also possible to move the shelf to the side to swing back and forth under fixed overlapping nozzles or under air nozzles that oscillate at the same time, in order to achieve the mixing effect in the areas of overlap still to be improved.

It becomes clear that there is a decisive relationship between the speed at which the thread strikes the depositing surface (in length per unit of time) and the speed at which the depositing surface is constantly moving longitudinally. If both speeds were the same, the fiber bundle would be deposited from the air nozzle in a single straight line in the direction of the storage area. If oscillating air nozzles are used, the minimum take-off speed (W ^) must also take into account the limitation imposed by the above equation (7), in order not only to ensure the formation of primary loops back and forth across the width of the storage surface, but also cause a sufficient length of thread so that a much larger length of thread is compressed into loops and loops.

In order to obtain the typical image of the deposition of a Ywoven web according to the present invention, it is necessary to (a) a to maintain a relatively high thread withdrawal speed and (b) the

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To regulate the conveying speed of the storage surface so that

2 that the specific thread length (1 *) - at least 0.6 m / cm, but preferably between 5 to 100 m / cm. With a _{withdrawal speed W A} and a section width b, such specific thread lengths are obtained by calculating the required deposit belt speed ν according to the above formula (5) and maintaining the speed calculated in this way during the process of the method according to the present invention. '■ ■ λ., - .. "■.'■; ■ ■ -., ._. ■ -:. ■ _} ■ - ■■ . ;; ■ ;.

In the case of a thread with a certain denier, "- the decisive relationship between the take-off speed and the deposit surface speed can also be expressed as: specific thread weight £ * ^: " (thread deposit per fleece in g / m). The specific thread weight of the nonwoven material produced according to the present invention must be between 5 and 1,500 g / m, but preferably between 10 and 1,000 g / k. The specific thread length Jh ^ can be calculated for a certain thread denier from the specific thread size! ^ Ioht $ valuesÄ-i ^ e ^ tion ( %) and the A required for an iron b; © $ Md ^ the pulling speed W ^ Overshoot speed: can then be calculated according to the above formula (5) ^ vi3e6 ^ | i | ip correspondingly determined, therefore, downward speed ^: lgi «ii-tea ^; : i3 »d thread denier the deposit surface speed required for a desired specific thread weight.

By adhering to the variable operating parameters and storage conditions described above, a typical fleece structure is created within the meaning of the present invention. For the question of the coarse structure of the thread bundles, Figure 6 shows the arrangement of the thread bundles over the width of a single storage web b. It can be seen that the thread bundles hitting the storage surface are distributed back and forth as a flattened loop over the width of a single strip * where a large percentage (at least 80 %) of the thread length condenses into smaller loops and loops that overlap. The degree of opening of the primary loops is a function of the

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Depositing speed in relation to the pendular filament deposit, on the delivery belt, which in turn is a function of the vibrations is within the air jet or the jet itself. The number of loops that form across the width of the primary loops smaller loops also depends on the haul-off speed.

Regarding the question of the fine structure of the fleece material, Figure 7 gives a schematic representation of the structure and distribution of a thread bundle with a large number of parallel threads as soon as it hits the shelf. These parallel thread bundles are sometimes, while s Lf form the smaller loops described above, when they are opened into smaller sub-bundles which, however, still contain a number of parallel threads, and. occasionally, individual threads also form from these bundles and sub-bundles. It is noted that preserved parallelism with the ^ formation of these sub-bundles remains (.DH two or more threads are in the same direction and _in. Stored at equal distances from one another). The parallelism of the sub-bundles may be temporarily interrupted by a reversal point when the outer threads of a thread sub-bundle cross over on the inside, so as to form the inner thread of continuous sub-bundles. A turning point is formed where a number of threads of a sub-bundle cross each other at the same time. Figure TA shows a parallel thread bundle blown from an air nozzle, which hits the support surface a, possibly splits into several sub-bundles b, each of which contains a smaller number of parallel threads, or splinters into a single thread c_. The sub-bundles form loops such as B. d, which intersect with each other at e or the original thread bundle or other sub-bundles at points g and f. Similarly, a single filament occasionally forms certain points of intersection with primary bundles or sub-bundles or even intersects with itself. It can be seen from Fig. 7B that

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a thread or sub-bundle b_ after. Form a loop d can run in parallel again with other thread ties and thereby the parallelism, which is a characteristic of the fine structure of the nonwoven material according to the present invention represents »still, improved. In Fig. 7C, the The possibility of repeated splintering of sub-bundles with parallel threads are shown in further sub-bundles with a / lower number of parallel threads.

As soon as the fleece is completely on the shelf according to the present Invention, the fleece can be compressed, heat-sealed, needled and by Iiatex treatment solidify and stabilize. The fleece can be z. B..between Pre-compress two pressure rollers on a fabric-like material, which then again under high temperatures is subjected to compression. According to Fig. 2 it can, for. B. guided over a heated roller and sent through a pressure belt machine. When walking over the heated The fleece temperature should be slightly below the lowest Limit of the melting point range of the plastic from which the fleece is made. Temperatures from 3 to. 50 ° C below the melting point or the melting point range, however, preferably 5 to 30 ° C. are expedient. The setting such a temperature causes crystallization of the polymerizate. It has been found that such a polycrystallization results in a finished product with particularly high physical and chemical stability. The one on the fleece when running over the heated roller (e.g. in a printing belt machine or the like ») the pressure to be exerted should be between 2 to 50 kg / cm" "and the line pressure should be 10 to 80 kg / approx.

- The duration of the treatment of the nonwoven web under high temperatures and pressures in a tape machine should be about 2 to 30 seconds and less than 2 seconds in a kind of extrusion machine.

20 -

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If the nonwoven webs have been consolidated by heat treatment -... are, the thread bundles are attached to the Fadenschnittpuiikteii intersecting loops of thread bundles, roughly in straight lines lines lie, welded together. Such short, imaginary ones Lines are distributed over the surface of the fiber fleece in an isotropic, but not aligned, pattern. This Pattern ensures low elongation, dimensional stability and unusually high tensile strength of the products according to present invention. The characteristics of the compressed fiber fleece and the fiber fleece film are shown in Fig. 8, which is a photomicrograph of such a fiber fleece material according to the present invention.

By changing the temperature, pressure and temperature and the duration of the pressure, the nature of the nonwoven material consolidated in this way can be changed considerably. For example the use of a relatively long treatment time at high Pressure and high temperature result in a paper-like film material in which the polymer is oriented isotropically. in the In contrast to yours produced according to conventional procedures Sheet material can be that produced in accordance with the present invention Foil material is written on as normal paper, but cannot be torn by hand. In such a paper sheet material the fibrous nature of the nonwoven material is ■ extensive ΐ switched off! It's either see-through or translucent and has a smooth, dense surface. Paper-like Nonwoven webs are preferably selected from a polymer from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyamides and polyesters.

On the other hand, the VIie character of the deposited nonwoven film substantially maintained when the conditions of compaction and consolidation are relatively mild, d. H. if they are only treated under moderate temperatures and pressures and not for too long. Solidified under such conditions Vliesbahneii are air and water permeable and have a

- 21 -

1 098 29 / H77

fibrous structure. Such a fleece can be unilaterally or heat-seal on both sides.

The physical properties of the consolidated nonwoven thread can also be changed by one Layer 23.B. of Uebstoff inserted between the pressure belt, which then presses onto the nonwoven web while it runs through the high pressure and temperature zone. The pattern of this Layer presses the nonwoven web on and in, so that the appearance of the so consolidated nonwoven web the appearance of the blown Intermediate layer: layers of coarse, porous woven fabric thus result in porous or perforated film material. Amazingly, such properties could be found in the nonwoven material can only be conveyed unilaterally through heat treatment.

The fleece material can by using appropriate Textile layers can also be given a decorative relief.

The ability of this method to produce a number of widely differing nonwoven products with different properties, which are novel compared to the previously known, represents an essential advantage in technology. It is clear that a whole range of products with one and the same device can be produced and that this device works much easier than the usual processing machines, such as. B. papermaking machines, stretching machines, etc.

The apparatus for carrying out the method described above essentially consists of a large number of spinning devices, such as, for example, multi-hole spinning nozzles through which thermoplastic material is extruded into threads, as well as pull-off devices in which the threads are drawn off by air nozzles and moved onto one in motion Shelf, e.g. a conveyor belt, are blown.

- 22 - ■

109811/1477

A more detailed understanding of the device according to FIG ■ present invention and the following examples conveyed Fig. 1, which shows the formation of the Ylies sheet according to the present invention, and Fig. 2, which is a flow sheet represents in which the individual stages of the process flow and the main parts of the apparatus are shown as used in the method according to the present invention Invention can be used. In Fig. 3 there is an exhaust nozzle shown, which pulls the thread, stretched and blows out.

According to Fig. 1, thermoplastic material is used in the Extruder (100) inserted, melted and extruded. Driven the extruder is driven by a motor 101. The extruded Material is pumped into the multi-hole spinneret by means of a pump 103. The threads that are formed are passed through a Air nozzle 2 withdrawn, which constantly r-iit through inlets 2a pressurized propellant is fed. In the air nozzle 2, the compressed gas flows essentially in parallel. the threads emerging from the guide tube without hitting them, so that they do not mix, but rather completely flow separately from each other. More precisely, the pressurized gas flows in such a way that the threads spread and sub-bundles with them also form essentially parallel threads. The sub-bundles formed in this way then strike the delivery conveyor belt 3, which moves on rollers 4. Between the The outlet of the air nozzle 2 and the shelf 3 is a guide plate arranged. A suction chamber 105 is arranged under the deposit belt, in which the air blowing onto the deposit 3 is at least is partially sucked off.

According to Fig. 2, molten thermoplastic material is extruded through the multi-hole spinneret 1 to form a bundle of threads, which are then drawn off through an air nozzle 2, which passes through the air inlet 2a. fed with compressed air ^; will. The bundle of threads is blown from the mouthpiece of the air nozzle at high speed against the constantly moving conveyor belt 3, which moves on rollers. The threads that are blown out become spherical on the

109821/1477 ρ- 2Γ «

BAS

The moving tape is laid down in the form of a thread fleece consisting of flat loops, which extends over the entire width of the air cone generated by the air nozzle. The conveyor belt with the threads lying thereon is pressed by a pair of rollers 5 and the fleece is removed from the stripping orphan 6 from the conveyor belt and can then be fed to a machine in which the raw fleece is heated and firmly pressed together. The printing belt machine in Fig. ?. consists of a heated roller 7, a pair of guide rollers 9 and a SpannwäL ze 20, which stops the pressure belt 8 to keep the Ylies pressed against the heated roller 7 constantly. Usually the guide rollers are arranged in relation to the heated roller 7 so that the heated false 7 is 30 to 80 % of its circumference. In order to avoid sticking of the nonwoven material to the heated roller 7, it may not be desirable to have a moving layer 15 between the heated roller 7 and insert the running fleece material , e.g. with the aid of the delivery roller 13 and the take-off roller 14. This layer can consist of a suitable non-adhesive woven material the roller 12 is then wound up as a finished product.

Fig. 3 shows how an air cone, which contains the ejected thread bundle, is created by the air ejected from the mouthpiece of the air nozzle 2 at high speed. ¹ The air cone has a genuinely round conical shape if the mouthpiece of the air nozzle is circular. It can take on a pyramid shape if the mouthpiece of the air nozzle is square or rectangular. The width b_ of the longitudinal section of the nonwoven web that is deposited depends on the degree of divergence of the air cone, how it flows out of the mouthpiece of the air nozzle, as well as on the distance h between your mouthpiece of the air nozzle and the storage surface. _ 24 - '

109829/147?

BAB QfHQlNAL

B is ρ; i el 1

Poljrpropylene granules would ίη. climolsen an extruder, which had a screw with a diameter of 45 mm and a length that was 28 times as large as your "Durohnesser". The polypropylene had a crystalline melting range of 160 to 164 ° C, a density of 0.906 g / cm ' ³ and a Schnielz-In & ez i _r at 230 ° C of about 5 "before extrusion. The extrusion took place under a pressure of 35 kg / cn and the melt had a temperature of 310 ° C. at the outlet. The spinneret had 300 nozzle outlets. The throughput at rj was 0.66 g per outlet and minute. "The polj ^ propylene threads emerging from the spinneret were cooled to a temperature below 60 ° C. The air nozzles operated at a pressure of 22 atm. The air consumption per nozzle was 30 m per hour. The dimensions of the air nozzles were 2.0 mm 0 on the inlet pipe and 4.3 mm 0 on the outlet pipe. The threads were drawn through the air nozzles by an air stream at a speed of about 520 m / sec. The air nozzles oscillated at a frequency of 2 Hs Thread was 4,000 m / min, which resulted in a titer of 1.5 den. The "strength of the threads with 1.5 den was 4.3 g / den. The basis weight of the deposited. Yliesbahn. was 85 g / m, which corresponds to a throughput speed of 10.8 kg / h ... The depositing and conveyor belt moved at a speed of approx. The endless threads were looped onto the moving conveyor belt in tangled, overlapping sub- bundles, each of which contained 3 "to 5 essentially parallel threads, and formed a web of fleece. Longitudinal single track made of polypropylene threads, which are in the form of small sub-bundles

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109829/1477

with in v / es parallel threads in a loop-like arrangement on the single web in a width of 0.25 m with a thread length of 5 m distributed back and forth and condensed into multiple overlapping secondary, smaller loops and loops over a single spell in a loop-like arrangement . The adjacent individual strips overlapped by 65 to 70% of their width without layering. The loops and loops of a single track verssais hurried completely with those of the adjoining single tracks. The basis weight of a nonwoven web segment deviated from the average weight of the entire nonwoven web by at most 7 % . The resulting nonwoven web had a width of 70 cm and a very uniform structure. For easier handling of the nonwoven web, it was lightly pressed between two folds Ylies web was then pulled through at a speed of 3 m / min (ie at the speed of the deposit belt) between the belt and the roller of the printing belt machine. "

Example 2

Nylon 6 was melted in the extruder described in Example 1. The viscosity of the molten material was 2.6 rel at a temperature of 283 ° C. The extruder pressure was 60 atm. The multi-hole spinneret had 150 nozzle holes with a diameter of 0.6 mm each. The throughput per nozzle hole was 1.1 g / min. The IJylon threads were blown with the air jet withdrawn under the same operating conditions as in Example 1. The resulting thread take-off speed was 3,300 m / min, which corresponds to a titer of 3.0 den. The weight per unit area of the laid nonwoven web was 350 g / m 2. The laid Ylies web was needled under the following conditions: . . ■ ■

Needle type: 36

Pinning depth 13 mm ·;

. Stitches per cm ² : 90;

Strokes per minute: 410

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109929/1477

■ - 26 -

For example 1 3 . - '- _:. - A polyester "with a content of 0.4 % by weight of titanium dioxide is melted in an extruder and processed as follows:

Spinning Conditions:.

Extruder: 45 square meters ; Length 126 cm (2Sd)

Multi-hole spinneret: "300 nozzle outlets, spinning opening; 275 ° C
, Number of air nozzles: 10 -

Throughput: 1.1 g per nozzle outlet and outward ..

Pad withdrawal speed: 4,500 m / min Titer: ■. . 2.2 denier

Air pressure for the air nozzles: 25 Atm.

Inner diameter of the air nozzle: 2 * 5 mm

Outer diameter of the air nozzle: 5.0 mm

Weight per unit area: 100 g / m ■

The yiies trajectory x> now generated and deposited in this way is at one temperature of 102 ° C and heat-sealed under low pressure and embossed on both sides.

B e s. P-'i -e. 1- 4

A polypropylene synthetic resin was processed in the apparatus described below under the specified conditions by the method described in Example 1: Extruder diameter: 120 rim
Length: 360 cn

Melting temperature: 286 C

Number of spinneret outlets: 1 412

(14 lanes iait Qe 108 exits)

Number of air nozzles: 14

Throughput 1.5 g per outlet and minute

Titer: 3 denier

Take-off speed: 3800 m / min

; - 27 -

ORIGINAL

Thread strength: 5.6 g / den

Elongation at break: 129 %
Air nozzles:

Pressure 22 atm

"titritts- ^ 3» 0 mm

Exit ^. 6 _f 6 mm

Air consumption: 80 m ^ / h

Weight per unit area of the Yliesbalin 100 g / n '

Example 5 -

The Ylies-Toahn produced as described in Example 4 was solidified and then fed to the printing belt and the printing orphan of a hot-sheeting machine. The steel roll was heated to 145 ° C and the pressure exerted by the tensioned belt was 150 atm. The steam-heated steel roller var 700 with an ira diameter and was touched to 65% of its circumference το-α pressure belt.

jjie Yliesbalin vnirde on both sides in two passages

liGi ^ sealed. The following properties of the Yliesbalin were

aims: ■.

Strength at break

parallel 1.82 kg / mm ² ._ 13 %

'iuer'.-1f5 kg / nn ² 12 ^ . "ungonaerr ο i Cf e stigke it
.parallel. 0.056 k ³

Z) ο J ₁ G ρ i ο 1. C.

! The after riGSchroibun ^ "iia example h produced Yliosbalm v / urde the IleiSniG ^ olnascixine in only one: .. operation at a temperature of 'italilvmltie τοη 150 ° G and einou Drude of 150 Atn, uceffUirt, The Vlios thus achieved! wiurj the following bite clips:

Strength elongation at break

parallel 2.6 kg / mm 38 % .

across 2.2 kg / ram ² 32, #

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109829 / U77

- do -

Tongue tear resistance

'- parallel O , 030 Q
kg / g / m i s ρ across O , 026 kg / g / m B e i e 1 7

The vial below shows how the withdrawal speed, which can be influenced by the design of the equipment and the operating conditions of the air nozzles, including the properties of the affected threads produced;

Product:

Nozzle hole diameter:

length:

Polypropylene

0.6 mm

Twice the diameter

Take-off speed (in / min)

Firmness (g / den)

strain

Titer (denier)

2000
2500
3000
3500
4000

2.30

2.75 3.20

2.54

217 174 150

135 130

16.5

13.5

11.3

9.5

P ei s ρ ie 1 8 '-

"" ~ - ~ - conditions mentioned in the example 4yproduslertes "nonwoven, which however had a lower surface weight of 80 g / m (due to the correspondingly increased deposit belt speed), with a customary Gn Later (Kr. 9210) from Firna S. ^ nthorier GhoniG, Germany. The surface weight cos Yliesos after the latex treatment was then 192 g / m ² and the fleece itself had the following properties:

Strength .-, ^Before .. 'parallel. 1.2 kg - '. Cross. 1.3 kg Ilittlere! Elongation 7 ti

Late5d) handling

9.4 k _S 9.7 kg

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109829 / H77

Claims (1)

Claims Endless thread fleece made of a large number of individual webs running lengthways next to one another, characterized in that each individual web consists of at least 15 continuously and jointly spun and drawn synthetic threads, which are distributed back and forth in the form of smaller sub-bundles of essentially parallel threads like a loop over the width of the individual web, with one significantly larger thread length of at least 500 % in said loop-shaped arrangement is compressed than multiple overlapping secondary smaller loops and loops, the individual webs running next to one another overlap by at least 50% of their width without layering, the secondary loops and loops of a single web are completely tangled with those of the the overlapping part of the single web running next to one another, the nonwoven weight on the overlapping parts of the individual webs varies by a maximum of 20% of the total web weight, and the individual threads forming the web have a titer of 1 to 20 denier and a tensile strength of 0.5 to 6 g / den and the fleece has a weight of 10 to 1,500 g / m. 2) fleece according to claim 1, characterized in that the threads are oriented polyolefin threads. 3) fleece according to claim 2, characterized in that the threads are oriented polypropylene threads. 4) fleece according to claim 2, characterized in that the threads are polyethylene threads. 5) fleece according to claim 2, characterized in that the threads are polybutylene threads. 6) fleece according to claim 1, characterized in that the threads are polyamide threads. 7) fleece n ^ oh claim 1, characterized in that the threads are polyieter threads. : - ^[ - scr, - · ■ 10882871477 8) fleece according to claim 1, characterized in that the threads are copolymers of polyolefins. 9) fleece according to claim 1, characterized in that the threads are mixtures of polyolefins, polyamides and polyester _: - are. 10) Nonwoven thread fleece according to claims 1 to 9, characterized by at least 5 parallel, overlapping and 70 to 500 mm wide Binzelbahnen, in which the overlapped parts are about 35 to 240 mm wide. 11) Non-woven fabric yarn according to claims 1 to 9, gekennzeiohnet by at least 35 parallel and overlapping 180 to 300 mm wide Einaelbahnen in which the overlapped portions are about 120 mm wide to 240th , 12) Nonwoven thread fleece according to claims 1 to 1-1, characterized in that a substantial number of the sub-bundles of substantially parallel threads are welded together at their crossing points. ' 13) Nonwoven thread fleece according to claims 1 to 12, characterized by a binding agent which sticks together a substantial number of the sub-bundles of substantially parallel threads at their intersection points. 14) Nonwoven thread fleece according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that loop-like arrangements are formed from flattened loops which extend back and forth over individual web widths, the length of the parallel thread bundles that form the flattened loops becoming multiple secondary loops and loops compacted. ·. '■■ " 15) Process for the production of a non-woven thread fleece haoh claims 1 to 14, characterized by: a) The spinning of a large number of synthetic filaments Polymerisatj b) combining the threads to im essentially running side by side at equal intervals 109829/1477 untwisted bundles with at least 15 threads each; c) the stretching and peeling off of the bundles at a speed of at least 3,000 m / min within a surrounding gas jet which is ejected at supersonic speed and which is directed so that it impinges perpendicularly on a substantially horizontal support surface, the bundles and they surrounding gas jets are arranged in a straight line above the shelf and at right angles to its direction of movement; d) the adjustment of the gas jets in such a way that the edge of each jet on the tray 4 * e overlaps the edge of the adjacent jet by at least 50 % of the total width of the individual gas jet on the tray, the speed of the tray belt movement being set much lower is defined as the speed at which the threads are drawn off and drawn and deposited on the deposit belt so that the threads within the gas jet enveloping the bundle form loops and transverse to the direction of the deposit belt and form multiple overlapping secondary loops and loops in a thread quantity of approx. Place 10 to 1,500 g / m 2 and in this way create a non-woven fleece on the shelf, on which the adjacent edges of the individual webs formed from the individual bundles overlap without layering and with complete mixing. i6) Method according to claim 15 » daduroh characterized in that the thread bundles within the gas jet are at least partially divided into sub-bundles before they are deposited on the depositing belt in the form of a fleece. 17) Method according to claims 15 and 16, characterized in that the drawn threads have a titer of about 1 to 20 denier and a tensile strength of 0.5. to 6 g / den. 18) Method according to claims 15 to 17> - characterized * - · characterized in that the threads are spun down from the melt through ViöMochspinndüsen so that they are on the shelf crack open. ■ - 32 - 1-09829 / U7T 19) Method according to claims 15 / to 18, thereby marked . shows that the air jets oscillate in a direction transverse or at an angle of 90 to 45 to the direction of movement of the shelf. - 20) The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the .Iiuftstrahl. At the same time also over the width of said shelf at an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° to the direction of movement of said shelf to find her back and thereby the surface of the beam contact with the shelf substantially enlarge. 21) Process according to claims 15 to 20, characterized in that the polymer is spun and drawn into oriented threads with a titer of 1 to 20 denier and a tensile strength of at least 0.5 g / den. 22) limitation according to claim 21, characterized in that the polymer is a polyolefin. 23) Method according to claim 21, characterized geke nnzeich that. the polymer is a polypropylene. 24) Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the polymer is polyethylene, 25) The method of claim 21, characterized _r that the polymer is polybutylene " 26) Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the polymer is a polyamide. ~ 27) Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the polymer is a polyester. 28) Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the polymer is a polyolefin copolymer. 29) Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the polymer is a mixture of polyolefin, polyamide and polyester. 10 9829/14 77 30.) Method according to claims 16 to 29, characterized in that the threads are divided into sub-bundles of about 3 to 25 threads each. 31) Method according to claims 15 to 30, characterized in that the threads are divided into a number of at least 5 bundles and these bundles are deposited within said gas jet on the depositing belt as parallel overlapping individual webs of 70 to 300 mm wide, the adjacent overlapping individual web parts have a width of approx. 35 to 240 mm. 52) Method according to claims 15 to 31, characterized in that the threads are drawn off and drawn at a speed of about 3 to 8,000 m / min. 33) Method according to claims 15 to 31, characterized in that the threads are drawn off and drawn at a speed of about 3 to 5,000 m / min. 34) Method according to claims 15 to 33, characterized in that the non-woven thread fleece produced is needled, 35) Method according to claims 1 to 34, characterized in that heat and pressure are applied to the nonwoven thread web produced, thereby welding a substantial number of sub-bundles of parallel threads together at their points of intersection. 36) Method according to claims 15 to 35, characterized in that a binder is incorporated into the produced non-woven thread fleece so that a substantial number of sub-bundles of substantially parallel fibers is glued together. ₌ 37) Method according to claims 15 to 36, characterized in that the nonwoven thread fleece produced is treated with latex ' . - 34 - 1O9829 / U77 38) Device for the production of nonwoven thread webs from thermoplastic threads, characterized by a series of multi-hole spinning nozzles which are able to extrude continuously spun thermoplastic threads at a speed of 1 to 12 g / min ■; a plurality of take-off and air nozzles which are arranged in a single non-staggered row, each air nozzle gathering at least 15 threads at a speed of at least 3,000 m / min into a bundle and a gas jet in which such a fiber bundle is contained with Able to blow out supersonic speed; an air-permeable deposit and conveyor belt maintains the said air nozzle row, which moves continuously and lengthwise in a direction transverse to the air nozzle row, the air nozzles being arranged in relation to the deposit and conveyor belt in such a way that the gas jet blown out by an air nozzle passes the deposit and Conveyor belt touches and wherein the edge of each gas jet on the delivery belt and the edge of the air jet from the closest air and exhaust nozzle in the row overlap by at least 50 % of the total width of the individual exhaust and air jet on the delivery belt. 39) Apparatus according to claim 38, characterized in that (each of said deposit and air nozzles is arranged swinging on an axis parallel to the plane of the deposit belt and forms an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° with the line of the longitudinal movement of the deposit belt to in to oscillate at a constant frequency of 2 to 7 Hz. 40) Device according to claim 39, characterized in that the angle is 0 °. 41); Device according to claim 38 » characterized in that the amplitude of the pendulum movement is 25 mm. 42) Apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that between the air nozzle row and the depositing belt guide plates and below the depositing belt a suction chamber is provided in order to suck off at least part of the air blown onto the depositing belt. 109829/1477