DE1905054A1 - Thermosetting saccharide-based binder - Google Patents
Thermosetting saccharide-based binderInfo
- Publication number
- DE1905054A1 DE1905054A1 DE19691905054 DE1905054A DE1905054A1 DE 1905054 A1 DE1905054 A1 DE 1905054A1 DE 19691905054 DE19691905054 DE 19691905054 DE 1905054 A DE1905054 A DE 1905054A DE 1905054 A1 DE1905054 A1 DE 1905054A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- substance
- mixture
- hardening
- catalyst
- saccharide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J105/00—Adhesives based on polysaccharides or on their derivatives, not provided for in groups C09J101/00 or C09J103/00
Abstract
Description
Mischung zur Herstellung eines Bindemittels und Verfahren zu ihrer Verwendung I)ie Erfindung betrifft ein Bindemittel auf der Basia eines Kohlehydrats. Insbesondere betrifft sie Bindemittel, den Kohlehydrate leicht und billig erhältlich sind. Diese Ausgange stoffe werden erfindungsgemäße mit einem Katalysator gemischt, der das Kohlehydrat in eine verhältnismäßig wenig lösliche Masse überführt, die als Bindemittel dienen kann.Mixture for the production of a binder and process for their Use I) The invention relates to a binder based on a carbohydrate. In particular, it relates to binders, which carbohydrates are readily and cheaply available are. These starting materials are mixed according to the invention with a catalyst, which converts the carbohydrate into a relatively insoluble mass, the can serve as a binder.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Bindemittel können sum Verkleben von Hols, keramischen Stoffen und Metallen verwendet werden0 Sie zeichnen sich durch Beständigkeit und hohe Bindefestigkeit aus.The binders according to the invention can be used to glue hols, ceramic Materials and metals are used0 They are characterized by durability and high bond strength.
Es sind verhältnismäßig kleine Mengen des Katalysators erforderlich, um die Kohlehydrate unter dem Einfluß von Wärme in eine polymerisierte Masse überzuführen.Relatively small amounts of the catalyst are required to convert the carbohydrates into a polymerized mass under the influence of heat.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Bindemittel können überall dort verwendet werden, wo die Temperatur nicht so hoch ist, daß die Bindemittel abgebaut oder geschädigt werden.The binders according to the invention can be used anywhere where the temperature is not so high that the binders are degraded or damaged will.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen können Zusätze enthalten, durch welche die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des Bindemittels geändert werden. Zu diesen Eigenschaften gehören beispielsweise die ursprüngliche Viskosität vor dem Aushärten, die Wasserbeständigkeit, die Bindefestigkeit, die Biegsamkeit, die Formbakeit und die Starrheit.The mixtures according to the invention can contain additives through which the physical and chemical properties of the binder are changed. These properties include, for example, the original viscosity to the Curing, the water resistance, the bond strength, the Flexibility, formability and rigidity.
Die Polymerisationsreaktion kanu in trockenem, wässrigem oder nicht wässrigem Zustande durchgeführt werden, wodurch das Bindemittel für verschiedene Zwecke anwendbar ist.The polymerization reaction can be dry, aqueous or not aqueous state, whereby the binder for various Purposes is applicable.
Die Konsistenz des Gemisches in ungehärteter Form ist beson dere geeignet für die Anwendung bei verhältnismäßig porösen Stoffen wie Holz, da das Bindemittel nicht übermäßig vom Holz absorbiert wird, bevor das Aushärten unter erhöhter Temperatur stattfindet.The consistency of the mixture in uncured form is particularly suitable for use with relatively porous materials such as wood, as the binding agent is not excessively absorbed by the wood before curing under elevated temperature takes place.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Bindemittel haben eine Festigkeit, die höher ist als die von Holz. Beim Versuch, verklebte Gegenstände aui Holz voneinander zu trennen, bricht dne Holz vor dea Bindemittel.The binders according to the invention have a strength which is higher is than that of wood. When trying to move glued wooden objects together separate, the wood breaks before the binding agent.
Durch Zusätze zum Gemisch kann die Bildung überschüssiger saurer Radikale vermieden oder verhindert werden, die die zu verbindenen Stoffe beschädigen könnten.Additions to the mixture can cause the formation of excess acidic radicals avoided or prevented, which could damage the substances to be joined.
Die Aushartung des Bindemittel kann in verhältnismäßig kurzer Zeit durchgeführt werden, wobei man die üblichen Druckgefäße bei mäßig erhöhten Temperaturen verwenden kann, und damit das Aushärten in kurzer Zeit durchführen kann.The hardening of the binder can take place in a relatively short time be carried out using the usual pressure vessels at moderately elevated temperatures can use, and thus the curing can be carried out in a short time.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mischung zur Herstellung eines durch Wärme härtbaren Bindemittels. Die Mischung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als wesentlicheBestandteile ein Saccharid und einen das Saccharid in der Wärme in ein wenig oder nicht lösliches Polymerisat überführenden Katalysator enthält.The invention relates to a mixture for producing a by heat curable binder. The mixture is characterized by having it as essential ingredients one saccharide and one the saccharide in a little or insoluble in heat Contains polymer converting catalyst.
Als Saccharid werden vorzugsweise Melasse, Suorose, Xylose, Fruktose oder Sorghum verwendet. Die Melasse kann beispielsweise eine Zuckerrojrmelasse, eine Holzmelasse, ein Maismelasse oder eine Melasse aus Zitrusfrüchten sein. Es können Saccharide verwendet werden, die Mono-, Di- oder Poly-Pentosen oder -hexosen sind oder andere aldosen oder Ketosen.The preferred saccharide is molasses, suorose, xylose and fructose or sorghum used. The molasses can, for example, be sugar rye molasses, be wood molasses, corn molasses, or citrus molasses. It Saccharides can be used, the mono-, di- or poly-pentoses or -hexoses are or other aldoses or ketoses.
In der Mischung ist der Katalysator vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 1 bis 10 %, besogen auf das Gewicht des Saccharida, enthalten.The catalyst is preferably in the mixture in an amount of Contains 1 to 10% based on the weight of the saccharida.
Vorzugsweise verwendete Katalysatoren sind Phosphorsäure, Antimontrichlorid, Bortrifluorid, Ammoniumchlorid oder Phosphoroxychlorid. Weitere ebenfalls geeignete Katalysatoren sind Schwefelsäure, Phosphorsäureanhydrid, Phosphorpentachlorid, Methansulfonsäure, Sulfaminsäure, Monochloressig.äure, Chlorwasserstoff, Kupferchlorid, Monoammoniumphosphat, Ammoniumsulfat, Quecksilberfluorid, Salpetersäure, Zinnchlorid, Essigsäure, Ammoniumpersulfat, Hypophosphorsäure, Maleinsäure, Oxalsäure, Natriumbisulfat, Zinchlorid, Aluminiumchlorid, Ammoniumoxylat, Ammoniumnitrat, Diammoniumphosphat, Calciumchlorid, Äthansulfonsäure, Aluminiumfluorid, Chromchlorid, Salicylsäure, Nickelchlorid, Lithiumchlorid, Phosphortrichlorid, Dichloressigsäure, Eisenchlorid, Fumarsäure.Preferred catalysts are phosphoric acid, antimony trichloride, Boron trifluoride, ammonium chloride or phosphorus oxychloride. Others are also suitable Catalysts are sulfuric acid, phosphoric anhydride, phosphorus pentachloride, methanesulfonic acid, Sulfamic acid, monochloroacetic acid, hydrogen chloride, copper chloride, monoammonium phosphate, Ammonium sulfate, mercury fluoride, nitric acid, tin chloride, acetic acid, ammonium persulfate, Hypophosphorous acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, sodium bisulfate, tin chloride, aluminum chloride, Ammonium oxylate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, calcium chloride, ethanesulfonic acid, Aluminum fluoride, chromium chloride, salicylic acid, nickel chloride, lithium chloride, phosphorus trichloride, Dichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride, fumaric acid.
Die lischung kann zusätzlich einen die Viskosität erhöhenden Stoff enthalten. Zu solchen Stoffen gehören vorzugsweise Linocellulose (Furafil), Bentonit, Weizenmehl, Mehl aus Pekanußschalen oder gemahlener Schiefer. Es kdnnen auch natürliche oder synthetische Ieiie werweadet werden. Diese Zusätze können in Mengen von 10 bis 40 %, bezogen auf das Ge.The mixture can also be a viscosity-increasing substance contain. Such substances preferably include linocellulose (Furafil), bentonite, Wheat flour, flour made from pecan shells, or ground slate. It can also be natural or synthetic leiie are weaded. These additives can be used in quantities of 10 up to 40%, based on the Ge.
samtgewicht der Mischung, zugegen sein. Sie verhindern ein zu schnelles Absorbieren in fasriges zu verklebendes Material, wie Holz und erhöhen ferner die Bindefestigkeit.total weight of the mixture. You prevent one too fast Absorb in fibrous material to be glued, such as wood, and also increase the Bond strength.
Die Mischung kann ferner zusätzliche einen vernetzenden Stoff enthalten, der bei Umsetzung mit dem Polymerisat die Festigkeit erhöht.The mixture can also contain a crosslinking substance, which increases the strength when reacted with the polymer.
Zu solchen vernetzenden Stoffen gehören vorzugsweise Formaldehyd. Polyvinylalkohol, Furfurylalkohol, Diacetonacrylamid oder Essigsäureanhydrid. Man kann ferner beispielsweise N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidon verwenden. Diese Zusätze verbessern die Biegsamkeit und die Vernetzbarkeit der Bestandteile des Bindemittels Ein verstärktes Vernetzen der polymerisierten tasse unter Einwirkung des Katalysators gibt dem Bindemittel eine bessere Beständigkeit gegen Feuchtigkeit und erhöht die Bindefestigkeit nach dem Aushärten.Such crosslinking substances preferably include formaldehyde. Polyvinyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, diacetone acrylamide or acetic anhydride. Man can also use, for example, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. Improve these additives the flexibility and crosslinkability of the constituents of the binder A reinforced Crosslinking of the polymerized cup under the action of the catalyst gives the binder a better resistance to moisture and increases the bond strength after hardening.
Polyvinylalkohol bildet auch eine Gelstruktur, und verhindert damit eine übermäßige Absorption des flüssigen Bindemittels in poröses Material.Polyvinyl alcohol also forms a gel structure, and thus prevents excessive absorption of the liquid binder into porous material.
Die Mischung kann ferner zusätzlich einen stickstoffhaltigen Stoff enthalten, der die Bindefestigkeit des Polymerisats erhöht und eine Schädigung der zu verbindenden Stoffe verringert0 Durch diese Zusätze kann die Scherfestigkeit um 20 bis 50 % erh5ht werden.The mixture can also contain a nitrogenous substance contain, which increases the bond strength of the polymer and damage the The substances to be bonded are reduced by these additives can be increased by 20 to 50%.
Zu den bevorzugten in die sein Sinne verwendbaren stickstoffhaltigen Stoffen gehören Monoäthanolamin, m-Phenylendiamin, Tetraäthylenpentamin, Triäthylentetramin oder Anilin. Andere ähnliche Amine können für denselbejn Zweck verwendet werden.The preferred nitrogen-containing ones which can be used in the sense of the term Substances include monoethanolamine, m-phenylenediamine, tetraethylene pentamine, triethylenetetramine or aniline. Other similar amines can be used for the same purpose.
Welche Reaktion hierbei stattfindet, iut noch nicht gang geklärt. Vielleicht reagieren die organischen Amine nicht nur als wirksame Modifikatoren der Reaktion, sondern setzen sich auch mit den Säureresten des Katalysators um, neutralisieren diese Säuren und verhindern damit einen abbauenden Angriff auf das zu verklebende Holz.The reaction that takes place here has not yet been clarified. Perhaps the organic amines are not just reacting as effective modifiers the reaction, but also react with the acid residues of the catalyst, neutralize these acids and thus prevent a degrading attack on the wood to be glued.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Verwendung der beschriebenen Mischungen als Mittel zum Verbinden zweier Oberflächen. Das Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Mischung auf die zu verbindenden Oberflächen aufbringt, die zu verbindenden Oberflächen zusammenlegt und so hoch und so lange erwärmt, daß das Sacoharid in ein wenig oder nicht lösliches Polymerisat übergeführt wird.The invention also relates to a method of using the described Mixtures as a means of joining two surfaces. The procedure is through characterized in that the mixture is applied to the surfaces to be joined, the surfaces to be joined together and heated so high and for so long that the sacoharide is converted into a little or insoluble polymer.
Vorzugsweise erwärmt man auf 150 bis 260°C eine bis zwanzig Minuten lang.Preference is given to heating to 150 to 260 ° C. for one to twenty minutes long.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens kocht man die Mischung vor dem Aufbringen au:? die ZU verbindenden Oberflächen bei einer unter der Aushärtungstemperatur liegenden Temperatur. In der Regel kocht man 5 Minuten bis lo Stunden lang bei einer Temperatur von 50 bis 250°C. Die Kochdauer und die Kochtemperatur hängen ab von den gewünschten Eigenschaften des Bindemittels vor dem Aushärten und von den gewünschten Eigenschaften des ausgehärteten Bindemittels.In a preferred embodiment of the method, the cooked Mix before application au:? the surfaces to be connected with one under the curing temperature. Usually you cook for 5 minutes for up to 10 hours at a temperature of 50 to 250 ° C. The cooking time and the Cooking temperature depend on the desired properties of the binder the curing and the desired properties of the cured binder.
Man kann das Gemisch auch eine bestimmte Zeit lang bei erhöhten Temperaturen vorhärten. Durch dieses Vorhärten kann die Kochdauer verringert werden. Das Vorhärten geschieht ar besten bei etwa loo bis etwa 26o00.The mixture can also be used at elevated temperatures for a certain period of time pre-harden. This pre-hardening can reduce the cooking time. The pre-hardening happens best at around loo to around 26o00.
Das Kochen erhöht die Viskosität des Gemisches, vielleicht durch eine Zunahme des Molekulargewichtes. Die dickflüssigeren Bindemittel dringen daher weniger tief in eine poröse Unterlage wie Holz ein. Beim Hochen können auch die weiteren Zusatzstoffe zugegeben werden. durch das Kochen wird eine gewisser Gleichgewichtszustand im Reaktionsgemisch hergestellt. Bei diesem Gleichgewichtszustande entstehende wünschenswerte Derivate des Kohelhydrate und damit auch ein besseres Polymer. Das Vorhärten dient in erster Linie dazu, eine übermäßige Absorption des ßindemittel in porüse Stoffe wie Holz, zu verringern.Boiling increases the viscosity of the mixture, maybe by one Increase in molecular weight. The thicker binders therefore penetrate less deep into a porous surface such as wood. The others can do the same Additives are added. by boiling it becomes a certain state of equilibrium produced in the reaction mixture. Desirable ones that arise in this equilibrium state Derivatives of carbohydrates and therefore also a better polymer. The pre-hardening is used primarily to prevent excessive absorption of the binder in porous substances like wood, decrease.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Bindemittel halten wiederholtes Erwärmen und Trocken in einem Ofen aus, wenn sie richtig gehärtet waren.The binders of the invention withstand repeated heating and Dry in an oven when properly cured.
Eine Mischung besonders guter Eigenschaften, die ausgezeichnet zum Verkleben von Holz geeignet ist, enthält 1 % Eisenschlorid, 5 % 85 %-ige Phosphorsäure und 94 % Zuckerrohrmelass.A mixture of particularly good properties that are excellent for Gluing wood is suitable, contains 1% iron chloride, 5% 85% phosphoric acid and 94% cane molasses.
Man erwärmt die Mischung auf etwa 150°C und hält sie während zwei Stunden bei dieser Temperatur. Dann härtet man die Mischung vor wenige Minuten lang/, z.B. 2 bis 5 Minuten lang, bei einer Temperatur von etwa 210°C. Das endgültige Aushärten dauert 10 Minuten bei 210°C. Wenn das Bindemittel verwendet werden soll, um eine Holzplatte mit der anderen zu verkleben, bringt man es au9 da Holz auf und legt die beiden Platten aufeinander. Hierbei sollte die Temperatur auf etwa 210°C erhöht werden.The mixture is heated to about 150 ° C. and held for two Hours at this temperature. Then you harden the mixture for a few minutes /, e.g. for 2 to 5 minutes at a temperature of about 210 ° C. The final curing takes 10 minutes at 210 ° C. If the binder is to be used to make a To glue the wood panel to the other, you bring it to the wood and lay it the two plates on top of each other. The temperature should be increased to around 210 ° C will.
Die beaten Ergebnisse werden erhalten, wenn man das. Aushärten unter einem Druck von 7 bis 60 kg/cm² vorzugsweise wenigstens 35 kg/cm2, durchführt.The best results are obtained when you cure the below a pressure of 7 to 60 kg / cm², preferably at least 35 kg / cm².
Um die abbauende Wirkung des Bindemittels auf das Holz zu verringern, kann man dem Gemisch etwa 2 Gew.-% m-Phenylendiamin zusetzen. In diesem alle wird das Gemicch nur etwa 1 Stunde lang gekocht.To reduce the degrading effect of the binding agent on the wood, about 2% by weight of m-phenylenediamine can be added to the mixture. In this all will the mixture only cooked for about 1 hour.
Es wird angenommen, daß in dem polymerisierten erfindungsge mäßen Bindemittel ein Furan-Dehydratationsprodukt des Kohlehydrates enthalten ist, das im wesentlichen aus Hydroxymethyl furfurol besteht.It is believed that according to the invention in the polymerized The binder contains a furan dehydration product of the carbohydrate, which consists essentially of hydroxymethyl furfural.
Beispiele geeigneter Mischungen und die bevorzugten Arbeitsbedingungen sind in den nachstehenden Tabellen enthalten.Examples of suitable mixtures and the preferred working conditions are included in the tables below.
Diese Tabellen verdeutlichen auch die bevorzugten Bereiche der Bestandteile untl die Bedingungen zu ihrer Verarbeitung.These tables also clarify the preferred ranges for the ingredients and the conditions for their processing.
In allen Fällen wurden Versuche zur Prüfung der Bindefestigkeit von inaeteln für lfolz, keramische Stoffe, Metalle oder Kombinationen hiervon durchgeführt. Diese Verbindungen waren unter Druck bei den angegebenen Temperaturen gehärtet worden. in alle Fällen waren die Bindemittel fester als die verbundenen Stoffe.In all cases, attempts to test the bond strength of inaeteln for lfolz, ceramic materials, metals or combinations thereof. These compounds had been cured under pressure at the temperatures indicated. in all cases the binders were stronger than the bonded fabrics.
Kohlenhydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T. °C Zt. T. °C Zt. T. °C 10 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 H3PO4 1 St. 100 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix lasse " " " " " " " " 230 " " " 1 " " " " 210 " " 50 % 0.5 " 3 St. 115 8 min 251 Feststoffe 5 " 79,5° 0,25 " 5 H2O 1 St. 104 10 min 210 Brix (1) 5 " " 0,5 " " " 2 St. 127 " " (1) " " " " " " 2-1/4 107 über Raum- " " St. (1) Nacht temp.Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. g substance g substance cooking pre-hardening hardening g substance Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C 10 sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 H3PO4 1 hour 100 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix lasse "" "" "" "" 230 "" "1" "" "210" "50% 0.5" 3h 115 8 min 251 solids 5 "79.5 ° 0.25" 5 H2O 1 pc. 104 10 min 210 Brix (1) 5 "" 0.5 "" "2 pc. 127" "(1)" "" "" "2-1 / 4 107 above room" "St. (1) night temp.
" " " " " " " 1-1/2 93 1 min 210 " " St. (1) " " " " " " " 2-1/4 107 1 min " " " St. (1) " " " " " " " 3-1/4 107 " 200 " " St. (1) " " " " " " " " 107 " 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " 1 St. 143 " " " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T/°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 H3PO4 5 H2O 1/2 157 1 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix St. (1) lasse " " " " " " " 4 St. 154 " " " " (1) " " " " " " " 1/2 160 " " " " St. (1) " " " " " " " 1/4 154 " " " " St. (1) " " " " " " " 17 min 160 1-1/2 " " " (1) min 25 " " 2,5 " bis 100 2min " " " zur (2) Trockene 50 " " 5 " 4min " " " 100 " " 5,5 " 5min " " " 2 Bentonit 5 " " 0,5 " " " 30 min 149 1-1/2 210 " " (1) min 5 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 149 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 149 1 min " " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 H3PO4 5 H2O 30 min 149 3 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " Sucrose 60 % " " " 149 min " " (1) " " " " " 10 min 149 3 min " " " (1) " " " " " 15 min 149 " " " " (1) " " " " " 20 min 149 " " " " (1) " " " " " 30 min 149 " " " " (1) " " " " " 50 min 149 " " " " (1) " " " " " 110 min 149 " " " " (1) " " " " " 6 min " " " " " " 8 min " " " " " " 10min " Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 20 Sucrose 60 % 1,0 H3PO4 3 min 210 30min 210 10 " " " " 17 St. 66 1 min " 10min " (1) " " " " " 3 St. 79 " " " " (1) " " " " " 2 St. 93 " " " " (1) " " " " " " 107 " " " " (1) " " " " " " 121 " " " " (1) " " " " " 30 min 134 " " " " (1) " " " " " 30 min 149 " " " " (1) " " " " " 15 min 162 " " " " (1) " " " 0,5 " 2 St. 107 " " " " (1) " Xylose " 1,0 " 93 " " " " (1) " Fructose " " " 30 min 134 " " " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 10 Zucker- 58 % 1,0 H3PO4 30min 134 1 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- (1) lasse (sprühgetrocknet) " " 38 % " " Dime- " 134 " " " thyl- (1) sulfoxyd " " " " " " " 134 3 min " " " (1) " " " " " " " " " " 10 Sucrose 40 % 1,0@H3PO4 Dime- 30min 121 thyl- (1) 3 min 210 10min 210 2,0 "Lignocellulose" sulf- (Lufkin oxyd Pecan Shelling Co."" "" "" "1-1 / 2 93 1 min 210" "St. (1)" "" "" "" "2-1 / 4 107 1 min "" "St. (1)" "" "" "" "3-1 / 4 107" 200 "" St. (1) "" "" "" "" "107 "210" "(1)" "" "" "" "1 pc. 143" "" "(1) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Cooking Pre-hardening Hardening g Substance Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C Zt. T / ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 H3PO4 5 H2O 1/2 157 1 min 210 10 min 210 tubes Brix St. (1) let "" "" "" "4 St. 154" "" "(1)" "" "" "" 1/2 160 "" "" St. (1) "" "" "" "1/4 154 "" "" St. (1) "" "" "" "" 17 min 160 1-1 / 2 "" "(1) min 25" "2.5" to 100 2min "" "to (2) dryness 50" "5" 4min "" "100" "5.5" 5min "" "2 Bentonite 5 "" 0.5 "" "" 30 min 149 1-1 / 2 210 "" (1) min 5 "" "" "" "" "" " "" "" "" 149 "" (1) "" "" "" "" 149 1 min "" "(1) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Cooking Pre-hardening Hardening g Substance Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 H3PO4 5 H2O 30 min 149 3 min 210 10min 210 tube me- Brix (1) let "sucrose 60% "" "149 min" "(1)" "" "" 10 min 149 3 min "" "(1)" "" "" "15 min 149 "" "" (1) "" "" "" 20 min 149 "" "" (1) "" "" "30 min 149" "" "(1)" "" "" 50 min 149 "" "" (1) "" "" "110 min 149" "" "(1)" "" "" "6 min "" "" "" 8 min "" "" "" 10min " Carbohydrate catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance cooking pre-hardening Curing g substance Part. T. ° C Part. T. ° C Part. T. ° C 20 Sucrose 60% 1.0 H3PO4 3 min 210 30min 210 10 "" "" 17 hours 66 1 min "10min" (1) "" "" "3 hours 79" "" "(1) "" "" "2 pieces 93" "" "(1)" "" "" "107" "" "(1)" "" "" "121" "" "(1)" "" "" 30 min 134 "" "" (1) "" "" "30 min 149" "" "(1)" "" " "15 min 162" "" "(1)" "" 0.5 "2 hours 107" "" "(1)" Xylose "1.0" 93 " "" "(1)" Fructose "" "30 min 134" "" "(1) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Cooking Pre-hardening Hardening g Substance Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C 10 Sugar- 58% 1.0 H3PO4 30min 134 1 min 210 10min 210 pipe (1) lasse (spray-dried) "" 38% "" Dime- "134" "" ethyl (1) sulfoxide "" "" "" "134 3 min" "" (1) "" " "" "" "" "10 sucrose 40% 1.0 @ H3PO4 dime- 30 min 121 ethyl- (1) 3 min 210 10 min 210 2.0 "Lignocellulose" sulf- (Lufkin oxide Pecan Shelling Co.
Lufkin, Texas) " " " " " " " 121 " " " " " Bentonit (1) " Xylose 60 % " " H2O " 149 1 min " " " " "Lignocellulose (1) " " " " " " " 149 " " " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 10 Xylose 60 % 1,0 H3PO4 H2O 30min 149 3 min 210 10 min 210 2,0 "Ligno-(1) cellulose" " " " " " " " 1 min " " " " " " " " " 30min 149 " " (1) " Fructo- " " " " " 134 3 min 210 " " se (1) " " " " " " " 134 " " " " 2,0 Bentonit (1) " " " " " " " 134 " " " " " "Ligno-(1) cellulose" " Holzme- etwa " " " " 149 " " " " lasse 65 % (1) " " " " " " 149 " " " " 2,0 "Ligno-(1) cellulose" " Zucker- 79,5° " " " 149 " " " " 5,0 "Lignorohrme- Brix (1) cellulose" lasse Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 10 Sucrose 60 % 1,0 H3PO4 D2O 30min 149 3 min 210 10 min 210 2,0 "Ligno-(1) cellulose" " Zucker- 79,5° " " " " " " 5.0 "Ligno-Brix rohrme- cellulose" lasse " " " (1,0 (H3PO4 " " " " 5,0 "Ligno-(0,3 (SbCl3 cellulose" 10 getrock- 1,0 H3PO4 3 min 210 10 min 210 nete Sulfitablauge 10 getrock- " " " " " " nete Sulfitablauge " "Ma- " " " " " " flex 3" 200 Zucker- 79,5° 20 " 2 min " " " 20 Bentonit rohrme- Brix lasse 200 " " " " " " " " 30 "Lignocellulose" 400 " " 50 " " " " " 50 "Lignocellulose" Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 400 Zucker- 79,5° 50 H3PO4 2 min 210 10 min 210 50 gemahlener rohrme- Brix Schiefer lasse mit Teilchengrößen unter 0,25 mm 400 " " - " " " " " 50 Weizenmehl 200 " " " " " " 250 gemahlener Schiefer mit Teilchengrößen unter 0,25 mm 400 " " " " " " 50 "Lignocellulose" 60 Zucker- 79,5° 10 H3PO4 10 min 210 30 gemahlener rohrme- Brix Schiefer lasse mit Teilchengrößen unter 0,25 mm " " " " " 2 min 210 " " 30 "Lignocellulose" " " " " " " " " " 30 Weizenmehl " " " " " " " 30 "Lignocellulose" Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 60 Zucker- 79,5° 10 H3PO4 10 min 210 30 Weizenmehl rohrme- Brix lasse 200 " " 20 " 3 min 210 20 min 210 30 "Lignocellulose" " " " " " " " 10 min " 30 "Lignocellulose" 10 Xylose 40 % 1,0 " Dime- 1 min " " " thylsulfoxyd " Sucrose 100% " " 3 min " " " " Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 BF3/ 1 St. 100 " " rohrme- Brix Äther lasse " " " 1 " " " 20 min " " " " " " " " 10 min " 5 " " 0,5 " 5 H2O 30 min 146 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 1 min 210 10 min 210 (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 BF3/ 5 H2O 30 min 132 2 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix Äther (1) lasse " " " " " " " " 121 " " " " (1) " " " " " " " 1 min " " " 10 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 BF3/ 5 H2O 2 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix Äther lasse " " " " " " " 3 min " " " 10 Sucrose 60 % 1,0 " " 20 min 121 1 min " " " (1) " " " " " " " 121 3 min " " " (1) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 2 Bentonit " " " " " " 3 min " " " 2 "Lignocellulose" " " " " " " 1 min " " " 2 Bentonit " " " " " " " " " " 2 "Lignocellulose" Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 10 Sucrose 40 % 1,0 BF3/ Dime- 20 min 121 1 min 210 10 min 210 Äther thyl- (1) sulfoxyd " " " " " " " " " " " " 2,0 Bentonit " " " " " " 3 min " " " 2,0 "Lignocellulose" " " " " " " " " " " 2,0 Bentonit " " " " " " 1 min " " " 2,0 "Lignocellulose" " Xylose " " " " " " " " " Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 NH4Cl 1 St. 100 " " rohrme- Brix lasse " " " 1 " " " 20 min " " " " " " " " 10 min " " " 30 % 1 " 3 St. 116 8 min 251 Feststoffe Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 NH4Cl 5 H2O 30 min 154 1 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse 5 Holzme- etwa " " " " " 154 " " " " lasse 65 % (1) " " " " " " " 132 " " " " (1) " " " " " " " 121 " " " " (1) 10 " 1 " 10 " über Raum- 1 min " " " Nacht temp. 20 sec 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 " 5 " 30 min 132 1 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " " " " 121 " " " " (1) " " " " " 1 min " " " " " " " H2SO4 " " 45 min 132 " " " " (1) " " " " " " " 30 min 132 " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 H2SO4 5 H2O 30 min 132 1 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " " " " 132 2 min " " " (1) " " " " " " " " 121 " " (1) " " " " " " " " " " " " 1 min 210 " " " " " " " 2 min " " " 5 " " 0,5 POCl3 30 min 149 10 min 210 (1) " " " " " " 149 1 min 210 " " (1) 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 POCl3 30 min 121 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " " 121 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " 121 3 min " " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 POCl3 30min 132 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " 132 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " 132 3 min 210 " " (1) " " " 0,5 P2O5 gesät- H2O " 149 tigt (nur (1) " " zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " " " " " 149 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 149 3 min " " " (1) " " " " " " " @ min " " " " " " " " " " 3@min 121 3 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0.5 P2O5 gesät- H2O 30min 132 1 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix tigt (nur (1) lasse zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " " " " " 132 3 min 210 " " (1) " " " " PCl5 " " " 149 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 149 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 149 3 min " " " (1) 5 Zucker- 79,5° H2O 1 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix 0,5 PCl5 gesät- (nur lasse tigt zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " " " " 30min 121 3 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C Zt. T.°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 PCl5 gesät-H2O 30min 132 1 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix tigt (nur (1) lasse zum Lösen des Katalysators) 10 Holzme- etwa 1 CH3SO3H 10 H2O über Raum- 1 min 210 10min 210 lasse 65 % Nacht temp @os@@ (2) " " " " " " " Raum- " " temp.Lufkin, Texas) "" "" "" "121" "" "" "Bentonite (1)" Xylose 60 % "" H2O "149 1 min" "" "" Lignocellulose (1) "" "" "" "149" "" "(1) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Boiling pre-hardening hardening g substance Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C 10 xylose 60% 1.0 H3PO4 H2O 30min 149 3 min 210 10 min 210 2.0 "Ligno- (1) cellulose" "" "" "" "" 1 min "" "" "" "" "30min 149" "(1)" Fructo- "" "" "134 3 min 210" " se (1) "" "" "" "134" "" "2.0 Bentonite (1)" "" "" "" 134 "" "" "" "Ligno- (1) cellulose "" Holzme- about "" "" 149 "" "" leave 65% (1) "" "" "" "149" " "" 2.0 "Ligno- (1) cellulose" "Sugar- 79.5 °" "" 149 "" "" 5.0 "Ligno tube- Brix (1) cellulose "lasse Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance boiling pre-hardening hardening g substance At. T ° C At. T. ° C At. T. ° C 10 Sucrose 60% 1.0 H3PO4 D2O 30min 149 3 min 210 10 min 210 2.0 "Ligno (1) cellulose" "Sugar- 79.5" "" "" "" 5.0 "Ligno-Brix Rohrme- cellulose "lasse" "" (1.0 (H3PO4 "" "" 5.0 "Ligno- (0.3 (SbCl3 cellulose" 10 dried 1.0 H3PO4 3 min 210 10 min 210 wet sulphite waste liquor 10 dried "" " "" "Nete sulphite waste liquor" "Ma-" "" "" "flex 3" 200 sugar- 79.5 ° 20 "2 min "" "20 bentonite tubing Brix lasse 200" "" "" "" "" 30 "Lignocellulose" 400 "" 50 "" "" "50" Lignocellulose " Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance boiling pre-hardening hardening g of substance Zt. T ° C Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C 400 Sugar- 79.5 ° 50 H3PO4 2 min 210 10 min 210 50 ground pipes Brix slate with particle sizes below 0.25 mm 400 " "-" "" "" "50 wheat flour 200" "" "" "250 ground slate with particle sizes below 0.25 mm 400 "" "" "" "50" Lignocellulose "60 Sugar- 79.5 ° 10 H3PO4 10 min 210 30 ground rohrme- Brix slate lasse with particle sizes below 0.25 mm " "" "" 2 min 210 "" 30 "Lignocellulose" "" "" "" "" "" 30 wheat flour "" " "" "" 30 "Lignocellulose" Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance boiling pre-hardening hardening g of substance Part. T. ° C Part. T. ° C Part. T. ° C 60 Sugar- 79.5 ° 10 H3PO4 10 min 210 30 Wheat flour rohrme- Brix lasse 200 "" 20 "3 min 210 20 min 210 30" Lignocellulose "" "" " "" "10 min" 30 "Lignocellulose" 10 xylose 40% 1.0 "Dime- 1 min" "" methyl sulfoxide "Sucrose 100%" "3 min" "" "Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 BF3 / 1 pc. 100" "rohrme- Brix Ether leave "" "1" "" "20 min" "" "" "" "10 min" 5 "" 0.5 "5 H2O 30 min 146 1 min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" "" "132" "(1)" "" "" "" "" 132 1 min 210 10 min 210 (1) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working Conditions Additions g substance conc. G substance g substance cooking pre-hardening hardening g substance Zt. T. ° C Currently T. ° C Currently T. ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 BF3 / 5 H2O 30 min 132 2 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix ether (1) let "" "" "" "" 121 "" "" (1) "" "" "" "" "1 min "" "10 sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 BF3 / 5 H2O 2 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix ether "" "" "" "3 min" "" 10 sucrose 60% 1.0 "" 20 min 121 1 min "" "(1)" " "" "" "121 3 min" "" (1) "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "2 Bentonite "" "" "" 3 min "" "2" Lignocellulose "" "" "" "" 1 min "" "2 Bentonite" "" "" "" "" "2" Lignocellulose " Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance boiling pre-hardening hardening g of substance Part. T. ° C Part. T. ° C Part. T. ° C 10 sucrose 40% 1.0 BF3 / Dime- 20 min 121 1 min 210 10 min 210 ether ethyl (1) sulfoxide "" "" "" "" "" "" "" 2.0 Bentonite "" "" "" 3 min "" "2.0" Lignocellulose "" "" "" "" "" "" 2.0 Bentonite "" " "" "1 min" "" 2.0 "Lignocellulose" "Xylose" "" "" "" "" "Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 NH4Cl 1 pc. 100 "" rohrme- Brix let "" "1" "" 20 min "" "" "" "" 10 min "" "30% 1" 3h 116 8 min 251 solids Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Cooking Pre-hardening Hardening g Substance Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 NH4Cl 5 H2O 30 min 154 1 min 210 10 min 210 tubes Brix (1) let 5 wood tubes approx "" "" "154" "" "leave 65% (1)" "" "" "" "132" "" "(1)" "" "" "" 121 "" "" (1) 10 "1" 10 "above room 1 min" "" night temp. 20 sec 5 sugar 79.5 ° 0.5 "5" 30 min 132 1 min 210 10 min 210 pipe m- Brix (1) let "" "" " "" "121" "" "(1)" "" "" 1 min "" "" "" "" H2SO4 "" 45 min 132 "" "" (1) "" "" "" "" 30 min 132 "" (1) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance boiling pre-hardening hardening g Substance Part. T. ° C Part. T. ° C Part. T. ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 H2SO4 5 H2O 30 min 132 1 min 210 10 min 210 tube brix (1) let "" "" "" "" "132 2 min" "" (1) " "" "" "" "121" "(1)" "" "" "" "" "" "" 1 min 210 "" "" "" "" 2 min "" "5" "0.5 POCl3 30 min 149 10 min 210 (1)" "" "" "149 1 min 210" "(1) 5 sugar 79.5 ° 0.5 POCl3 30 min 121 10 min 210 tubes Brix (1) let "" "" " "121 1 min 210" "(1)" "" "" "121 3 min" "" (1) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Cooking Pre-hardening Hardening g Substance Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 POCl3 30min 132 10 min 210 pipe m- Brix (1) let "" "" "" 132 1 min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" 132 3 min 210 "" (1) "" "0.5 P2O5 saturated H2O" 149 saturated (only (1) "" to dissolve the catalyst) "" "" "" "" "149 1 min 210" "(1)" "" "" "" "149 3 min" "" (1) "" "" "" "@ min" "" "" "" "" "" 3 @ min 121 3 min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" "" "132" "(1) Carbohydrate catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance cooking pre-hardening Hardening g substance Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 P2O5 sown- H2O 30min 132 1 min 210 10min 210 pipe mated Brix tigt (only (1) let to loosen the catalyst) "" "" "" "" 132 3 min 210 "" (1) "" "" PCl5 "" "149" "(1)" "" "" " "" 149 1 min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" "" "149 3 min" "" (1) 5 sugars- 79.5 ° H2O 1 min 210 10min 210 Rohrme- Brix 0.5 PCl5 sown- (only lasse tigt to dissolve the catalyst) "" "" "" "30min 121 3 min 210" "(1)" "" "" "" "" 132 "" (1) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Cooking Pre-hardening Hardening g Substance Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C Zt. T. ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 PCl5 sown-H2O 30min 132 1 min 210 10min 210 pipe-Brix tigt (only (1) allow for Dissolving the catalyst) 10 Holzme- about 1 CH3SO3H 10 H2O over space- 1 min 210 10min 210 leave 65% night temp @ os @@ (2) "" "" "" "" Room- "" temp.
(2) 5 Zucker- 79,5° rohrme- Brix 0,5 " 5 " 30min 121 2 min 210 " " lasse (1) " " " " " 10min 210 " " " " " 1 min 210 " " " " " " " 2 min " " " 10 " " " HSO3NH2 1 St. 100 " " " " " 1 " " " 20min " Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 10 Zucker- 50 % 0,5 HSO3NH2 H2O 3 St. 116 8 min 249 rohrme- Festlasse stoffe " " 30 % " " " " " " " Feststoffe 10 " 79,5° " 5 " 30min 149 1 min 210 10 min 210 Brix 1 (1) 5 Holzme- etwa 0,5 HSO3NH2 5 H2O 30min 121 1 min 210 10 min 210 lasse 65 % (1) 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 CH2ClCO2H " " " 121 1 min 210 " " rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " 1 min " " " " " " " " 2 min " " " " " " " " 3 min " " " " " " " " 4 min " " " 10 " . 1 HCl 1 St. 100 20 min 210 - " " " " " " 10 min " .(2) 5 sugar- 79.5 ° rohrme- Brix 0.5 "5" 30min 121 2 min 210 "" let (1) "" "" "10min 210" "" "" 1 min 210 "" "" "" "" 2 min "" "10" "" HSO3NH2 1 pc. 100 "" "" "1" "" 20min " Carbohydrate catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance cooking pre-hardening Hardening g substance at T ° C at T ° C at T ° C 10 Sugar- 50% 0.5 HSO3NH2 H2O 3 St. 116 8 min 249 pipe solids "" 30% "" "" "" "" Solids 10 "79.5 ° "5" 30min 149 1 min 210 10 min 210 Brix 1 (1) 5 Holzme- approx. 0.5 HSO3NH2 5 H2O 30min 121 1 min 210 10 min 210 let 65% (1) 5 sugars- 79.5 ° 0.5 CH2ClCO2H "" "121 1 min 210" "Rohrme- Brix (1) leave" "" "" 1 min "" "" "" "" 2 min "" "" "" "" 3 min "" "" "" "" 4 min "" "10". 1 HCl 1 hour 100 20 min 210 - "" "" "" 10 min ".
Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 10 Zucker- 50 % 0,5 HCl H2O 3 St. 116 8 min 251 rohrme- Festlasse stoffe " " 30 % 1 " " " " " " Feststoffe 5 " 79,5° 0,5 " 5 " 45min 132 1 min 210 10 min 210 Brix (1) 5 " " " SbCl3 gesät-H2O 30min 149 3 min 210 10 min 210 tigt (nur (1) zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " " " " " 132 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 3 min " " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 CuCl2 gesät- H2O 30min 149 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix tigt (nur (1) lasse zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " " " " " 149 3 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 121 1 min " " " (1) " " " " " " " " 121 3 min " " " (1) 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 NH4H2PO4 " H2O 30min 149 1 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " " " " 149 3 min " " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 1 min " " " (1) 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 (NH4)2SO4 gesät- H2O " 149 " " rohrme- Brix tigt (nur (1) lasse zum Lösen des Katalysators) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 (NH4)2SO4 gesät- H2O 30min 149 3 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix tigt (nur (1) lasse zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " " " " " " " " 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 HgCl2 5 H2O 80min 132 1 min 210 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse 10 " " " " " " " 149 " " " " (1) 5 " " 0,55 HNO3 30min 149 10 min 210 (1) " " " " " " 149 4 min 210 " " (1) 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 SnCl4 gesät- H2O 30min 149 10 min 210 rohrme- Brix tigt (nur (1) lasse zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " " " " " 149 3 min 210 " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 CH3CO2H 5 H2O 30min 146 1 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse 10 Sucrose 100 % 1,0 (NH4)2S2O8 3 min 210 " " 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 H3PO2 30min 149 1 min " " " rohrme- Brix (1) lasse 5 " " " HOOCCHCHCOOH 5 H2O " 149 1 min " " " (1) 5 " " 0,5 (COOH)2 " " " 149 " " " " (1) 10 Sucrose 100 % 1,0 NaHSO4 3 min " " " 10 " " 1,0 SbCl3 3 min " " " 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 SnCl2 1 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix lasse Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 AlCl3 2-1/2 H2O 30min 121 10min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " " " " 121 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 " " " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 3 min " " " (1) " " " " " " " 1 min " " " 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 (NH4)2C2O4H2O 4 H2O 30min 132 3 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " " " 1 min " " " " " " " NH4NO3 1,3 " " " " " " " " " " 1 min 210 " " Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5(NH4)2HPO4 1,7 H2O 30min 121 10min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " " " " 121 3 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " 1 min " " " " " " " CaCl2 1,4 " 3 min " " " " " " " " " " 30min 132 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 3 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " CH3CH2SO3H " 149 10min 210 (1) " " " " " " 149 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " 149 3 min " " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 H3PO3 30min 132 3 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " AlF3 1,25 H2O 30min 132 " " " " (nur (1) zum Lösen des Katalysators) 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 AlF3 1,25 H2O 3 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix (nur lasse zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " CrCl3 1 H2O 30min 149 10min 210 (nur (1) zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " " " " " 149 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " " " 132 " " " " (1) Kohlenhydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 CrCl3 1 H2O 30min 121 1 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix (nur (1) lasse zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " " " " 3 min " " " " " " " C6H4(OH)(COOH) gesät-H2O 30min 132 " " " " tigt (nur (1) zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " NiCl2 0,50 " " 132 " " " " (1) " " " " LiCl 1 " " 132 " " " " (1) " " " " " " " " 121 1 min " " " (1) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 3 min 210 " " " " " " CHCl2COOH 30min 149 " " " " (1) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 0,5 CHCl2COOH 5 Zucker- 79,5° @min 132 3 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " " 1@1 " " " " (@) " " " " " 1 min " " " " " " " " 3 min " " " " " " " FeCl3 0,5 H2O 30min 149 " " (nur (1) zum Lösen des Katalysators) " " " " " " " " 132 (1) " " " " " " " " " " 132 1 min 210 (1) " " " " " " " " " " 132 3 min " " (1) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1 min 210 " " " " " " " " " 3 min 210 " " Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 93 Zucker- 79,5° 5 H3PO4 3 St. 109 1 min 210 15min 210 (2 Polyvinylrohrme- Brix (2) ( alkohol lasse (15 Weizenmehl 93 Zucker- 79,5° 5 H3PO4 3 St. 109 1 min 210 15min 210 2 Polyvinylrohrme- Brix (2) alkohol lasse 90 " " " " " 109,5 " " " " (5 Furfuryl-(2) ( alkohol (15 Weizenmehl 94 Zucker- 79,5° 5 H3PO4 3 St. 109,5 1 min 210 15 min 210 ( 1 Polyvinylrohrme- Brix (2) ( alkohol lasse (15 Weizenmehl 93 " " " " 2 St. 109,5 " " " " 2 Polyvinyl-(2) alkohol 89 " " " " 3 St. 109,5 " " " " ( 5 Furfuryl-(2) ( alkohol ( 1 Polyvinyl-( alkohol (15 Weizenmehl 95 " " " " " 110 " " " " 15 Weizenmehl (2) 89 " " (5 (H3PO4 " 110 " " " " 1 Polyvinyl-(5 (FeCl3 (2) alkohol Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 90 Zucker- 79,5° 5 H3PO4 3 St. 110 1 min 210 15 min 210 ( 5 (CH3CO)2O rohrme- Brix (2) ( 15 Weizenmehl lasse 84 " " " " " 110 " " " " ( 1 Polyvinyl-(2) ( alkohol (10 Polyvinyl-( chlorid (56%) (15 Weizenmehl 92 " " (5 (H3PO4 (2 (FeCl3 2 St. 110 " " " " 1 Polyvinyl-(2) alkohol 93 " " (3 (H3PO4 1 St. 110 " " " " 1 Polyvinyl-(3 (FeCl3 (2) alkohol 89 " " 5 H3PO4 2 St. 110 " " " " (1 Polyvinyl-(2) ( alkohol (5 FeCl2 90 " " 10 H3PO4 3 St. 110 " " " " 15 Weizenmehl (2) 93 " " (5 (H3PO4 (1 (FeCl3 " 110 " " " " 1 Polyvinyl-(2) alkohol 95 " " (3 (H3PO4 " 110 " " " " 1 Polyvinyl-(1 (FeCl3 (2) alkohol 97 " " 3 H3PO4 " 110 " " " " 15 Weizenmehl (2) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 92 Zucker- 79,5° (5 (H3PO4 3St. 110 1 min 210 15min 210 2 Polyvinylrohrme- Brix (1 (FeCl3 (2) alkohol lasse " " " (5 (H3PO4 1 St. 110 " " " " 2 Polyvinyl-(1 (FeCl3 (2) alkohol 89 " " 5 H3PO4 3 St. 110 " " " " ( 1 Polyvinyl-(2) ( alkohol (5 ZnCl2 90 " " 5 H3PO4 1 St. 110 " " " " ( 5 NH2C2H4OH (2) (15 Weizenmehl " " " " " 3 St. 110 " " " " ( 5 NH2C2H4OH (2) (15 Weizenmehl 90 " " " " " 110 " " " " ( 5 polymeri-(2) ( sierte ( Fettsäure (15 Weizenmehl 90 " " " " " 110 " " " " ( 5 n-Vinyl-2-(2) ( Pyrrolidon (15 Weizenmehl 90 " " " 3/4 110 " " " " 5 C6H4(NH2)2 St. (2) " " " " " " 110 " " " " (2) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 94 Zucker- 79,5° 5 H3PO4 3 St. 110 1 min 210 15min 210 1 C6H4(NH2)2 rohrme- Brix (2) lasse " " " " " " 110 " " " " (2) 93 " " " " " 110 1 min 210 " " 2 " (2) 90 " " " " " 110 " " " " ( 5 Triäthylen-(2) ( tetramin (15 Weizenmehl 90 " " " " 35min 110 15min 200 5 C6H4(NH2)2 (2) 90 Zucker- 79,5° 5 H3PO4 35min 110 15min 210 5 C6H4(NH2)2 rohrme- Brix lasse 94 " " " " 8 St. 110 " " 1 " (2) 93 " " " " 2-1/2 110 1 min 210 " " 2 Polyvinyl-St. (2) chlorid (56 %) 90 " " " " 3 St. 110 " " " " 5 C6H5NH2 (2) Kohlehydrate Katalysator Lösungsmittel Arbeitsbedingungen Zusätze g Stoff Konz. g Stoff g Stoff Kochen Vorhärten Aushärten g Stoff Zt. T°C Zt. T°C Zt. T°C 5 Zucker- 79,5° 0,5 PCl3 30min 121 10min 210 rohrme- Brix (1) lasse " " " " " " 121 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " 132 " " (1) " " " " " " 132 1 min 210 " " (1) " " " " " " 132 3 min " " " (1) Fußnote (1): Diese Mischungen wurden unter einem mäßigen Druck von 5 bis 25 kg gekocht.Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. g substance g substance cooking pre-hardening hardening g substance Time T ° C Time T ° C Currently T ° C 10 sugar 50% 0.5 HCl H2O 3 hours 116 8 min 251 tubing solids "" 30% 1 "" "" "" "Solids 5" 79.5 ° 0.5 "5" 45min 132 1 min 210 10 min 210 Brix (1) 5 "" "SbCl3 sown-H2O 30min 149 3 min 210 10 min 210 tigt (only (1) to dissolve the catalyst) "" "" "" "" "132" "(1)" "" "" "" "" 132 1 min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" "" "132 3 min" "" (1) Carbohydrate catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance cooking pre-hardening Hardening g substance at T ° C at T ° C at T ° C 5 sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 CuCl2 seeded- H2O 30min 149 10 min 210 pipe mated Brix tigt (only (1) leave to loosen the catalyst) "" "" "" "" 149 3 min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" "" "121 1 min" "" (1) "" "" " "" "121 3 min" "" (1) 5 sugars- 79.5 ° 0.5 NH4H2PO4 "H2O 30 min 149 1 min 210 10 min 210 tube Brix (1) let "" "" "" "" 149 3 min "" "(1)" "" "" "" "132 1 min" "" (1) 5 sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 (NH4) 2SO4 seed- H2O "149" "pipe Brix tigt (only (1) let to dissolve the catalyst) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Boiling Pre-hardening Hardening g Substance At. T ° C At. T ° C At. T ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 (NH4) 2SO4 Saturated H2O 30min 149 3 min 210 10 min 210 pipe mated Brix tigt (only (1) let to loosen of the catalyst) "" "" "" "" "" "" 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 HgCl2 5 H2O 80min 132 1 min 210 10 min 210 tubing Brix (1) let 10 "" "" "" "" 149 "" "" (1) 5 " "0.55 HNO3 30min 149 10 min 210 (1)" "" "" "149 4 min 210" "(1) 5 sugar 79.5 ° 0.5 SnCl4 seeded H2O 30min 149 10 min 210 tube-Brix saturated (only (1) let to loosen the catalyst) "" "" "" "" "149 3 min 210" "(1) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Boiling Pre-hardening Hardening g Substance At. T ° C At. T ° C At. T ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 CH3CO2H 5 H2O 30min 146 1 min 210 10min 210 tubes Brix (1) let 10 sucrose 100% 1.0 (NH4) 2S2O8 3 min 210 "" 5 sugar 79.5 ° 0.5 H3PO2 30min 149 1 min "" "pipe Brix (1) let 5 "" "HOOCCHCOOH 5 H2O" 149 1 min "" "(1) 5" "0.5 (COOH) 2 "" "149" "" "(1) 10 sucrose 100% 1.0 NaHSO4 3 min" "" 10 "" 1.0 SbCl3 3 min "" "5 sugar 79.5 ° 0.5 SnCl2 1 min 210 10min 210 rohrme- Brix let Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Cooking Pre-hardening Hardening g Substance At. T ° C At. T ° C At. T ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 AlCl3 2-1 / 2 H2O 30min 121 10min 210 pipe m- Brix (1) leave "" "" "" "" 121 1 min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" "" "132" "" "(1)" "" "" "" "" 132 3 min "" "(1)" " "" "" "1 min" "" 5 sugars- 79.5 ° 0.5 (NH4) 2C2O4H2O 4 H2O 30min 132 3 min 210 10min 210 tube Brix (1) let "" "" "" "" 1 min "" "" "" "" NH4NO3 1.3 " "" "" "" "" "1 min 210" " Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance boiling pre-hardening hardening g substance At. T ° C At. T ° C At. T ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 (NH4) 2HPO4 1.7 H2O 30min 121 10min 210 tube Brix (1) let "" "" "" "" 121 3 min 210 "" (1) "" "" " "" 1 min "" "" "" "" CaCl2 1.4 "3 min" "" "" "" "" "" 30min 132 "" (1) "" "" "" "" 132 1 min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" "" "132 3 min 210" "(1)" " "" "" "" "" "" "" "" CH3CH2SO3H "149 10min 210 (1)" "" "" "149 1min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" "149 3 min" "" (1) Carbohydrate catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance cooking pre-hardening Hardening g substance at T ° C at T ° C at T ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 H3PO3 30min 132 3 min 210 10min 210 tubing Brix (1) let "" "AlF3 1.25 H2O 30min 132" "" "(only (1) to dissolve the catalyst) 5 sugar 79.5 ° 0.5 AlF3 1.25 H2O 3 min 210 10min 210 tubes Brix (only let to dissolve the catalyst) "" "" CrCl3 1 H2O 30min 149 10min 210 (only (1) to dissolve the catalyst) "" "" "" "" 149 1 min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" "" "132" "" "(1) Carbohydrate catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance cooking pre-hardening Hardening g substance at T ° C at T ° C at T ° C 5 sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 CrCl3 1 H2O 30min 121 1 min 210 10min 210 Rohrme- Brix (only (1) let to dissolve the catalyst) "" "" "" "" 3 min "" "" "" "" C6H4 (OH) (COOH) seeds-H2O 30min 132 "" "" (only (1) to dissolve the catalyst) "" "" NiCl2 0.50 "" 132 "" "" (1) "" "" LiCl 1 "" 132 "" "" (1) "" "" "" "" 121 1 min "" "(1)" "" "" "" " "" "" "" "" "3 min 210" "" "" "" CHCl2COOH 30min 149 "" "" (1) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Boiling pre-hardening hardening g substance at. T ° C at. T ° C at. T ° C 0.5 CHCl2COOH 5 sugar 79,5 ° @min 132 3 min 210 10min 210 tube-Brix (1) let "" "" "" "1 @ 1" "" "(@)" "" "" "1 min" "" "" "" "" 3 min "" "" "" "" FeCl3 0.5 H2O 30min 149 "" (only (1) to loosen the catalyst) "" "" "" "" 132 (1) "" "" "" "" "" 132 1 min 210 (1) "" "" "" "" "" "132 3 min" "(1)" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "1 min 210" "" "" "" "" "3 min 210" " Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance Cooking Pre-hardening Hardening g Substance Zt. T ° C Zt. T ° C Zt. T ° C 93 Sugar- 79,5 ° 5 H3PO4 3 hrs. 109 1 min 210 15min 210 (2 Polyvinyl Rohrme- Brix (2) (alcohol lasse (15 wheat flour 93 Sugar- 79,5 ° 5 H3PO4 3 hrs. 109 1 min 210 15min 210 2 Polyvinyl Rohrme- Brix (2) alcohol let 90 "" "" "109.5" "" "(5 furfuryl- (2) (alcohol (15 wheat flour 94 Sugar- 79.5 ° 5 H3PO4 3 hrs. 109.5 1 min 210 15 min 210 (1 polyvinyl cane brix (2) (alcohol lasse (15 wheat flour 93 "" "" 2 pieces 109.5 "" "" 2 polyvinyl (2) alcohol 89 "" "" 3 pieces 109.5 "" "" (5 furfuryl (2) (alcohol (1 polyvinyl ( alcohol (15 wheat flour 95 "" "" "110" "" "15 wheat flour (2) 89" "(5 (H3PO4 "110" "" "1 polyvinyl (5 (FeCl3 (2) alcohol Carbohydrate catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance cooking pre-hardening Hardening g substance at. T ° C at. T ° C at. T ° C 90 sugar- 79,5 ° 5 H3PO4 3 pc. 110 1 min 210 15 min 210 (5 (CH3CO) 2O rohrme- Brix (2) (15 wheat flour lasse 84 "" "" " 110 "" "" (1 polyvinyl (2) (alcohol (10 polyvinyl (chloride (56%) (15 wheat flour 92 "" (5 (H3PO4 (2 (FeCl3 2 St. 110 "" "" 1 Polyvinyl- (2) alcohol 93 "" (3 (H3PO4 1 pc. 110 "" "" 1 polyvinyl (3 (FeCl3 (2) alcohol 89 "" 5 H3PO4 2 pc. 110 "" "" (1 polyvinyl (2) (alcohol (5 FeCl2 90 "" 10 H3PO4 3 pieces 110 "" "" 15 wheat flour (2) 93 "" (5 (H3PO4 (1 (FeCl3 "110" "" "1 polyvinyl (2) alcohol 95" "(3 (H3PO4 "110" "" "1 Polyvinyl- (1 (FeCl3 (2) alcohol 97" "3 H3PO4" 110 "" "" 15 Wheat flour (2) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working Conditions Additions g substance conc. G substance g substance boiling pre-hardening hardening g substance at T ° C Currently T ° C Currently T ° C 92 Sugar- 79.5 ° (5 (H3PO4 3h. 110 1 min 210 15min 210 2 polyvinyl tube Brix (1 (FeCl3 (2) alcohol let "" "(5 (H3PO4 1 pc. 110" "" "2 Polyvinyl- (1 (FeCl3 (2) alcohol 89 "" 5 H3PO4 3 pc. 110 "" "" (1 Polyvinyl- (2) (alcohol (5 ZnCl2 90 "" 5 H3PO4 1 pc. 110 "" "" (5 NH2C2H4OH (2) (15 wheat flour "" " "" 3 St. 110 "" "" (5 NH2C2H4OH (2) (15 wheat flour 90 "" "" "110" "" " (5 polymeric (2) (sated (fatty acid (15 wheat flour 90 "" "" "110" "" "( 5 n-vinyl-2- (2) (pyrrolidone (15 wheat flour 90 "" "3/4 110" "" "5 C6H4 (NH2) 2 St. (2) "" "" "" "110" "" "(2) Carbohydrates Catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance boiling pre-hardening hardening g of substance at. T ° C at. T ° C at. T ° C 94 sugar- 79,5 ° 5 H3PO4 3 hours 110 1 min 210 15min 210 1 C6H4 (NH2) 2 pipes Brix (2) lasse "" "" "" 110 "" "" (2) 93 "" "" " 110 1 min 210 "" 2 "(2) 90" "" "" 110 "" "" (5 triethylene- (2) (tetramine (15 wheat flour 90 "" "" 35min 110 15min 200 5 C6H4 (NH2) 2 (2) 90 sugar- 79.5 ° 5 H3PO4 35min 110 15min 210 5 C6H4 (NH2) 2 pipes Brix lasse 94 "" "" 8 pc. 110 "" 1 "(2) 93" "" "2-1 / 2 110 1 min 210" "2 polyvinyl st. (2) chloride (56%) 90 "" "" 3 pcs. 110 "" "" 5 C6H5NH2 (2) Carbohydrate catalyst Solvent Working conditions Additives g substance conc. G substance g substance cooking pre-hardening Hardening g substance At. T ° C At. T ° C At. T ° C 5 Sugar- 79.5 ° 0.5 PCl3 30min 121 10min 210 tubes- Brix (1) let "" "" "" "121 1 min 210" "(1)" "" "" "132" " (1) "" "" "" 132 1 min 210 "" (1) "" "" "" "132 3 min" "" (1) footnote (1): These mixtures were cooked under a moderate pressure of 5 to 25 kg.
Fußnote (2): Diese Mischungen wurden unter Atmosphärendruck gekocht.Footnote (2): These mixtures were cooked under atmospheric pressure.
Die Wirkung der verschiedenen Zusatzstoffe ist in der nachstehenden Übersicht wiedergegeben: Formaldehyd - vernetzendes Mittel Polyvinylalkohol - erhöht die Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit, das Molekulargewicht und die Bindefestigkeit Furfurylalkohol - erhöht die Bindefestigkeit Siacetonac@ylamid - verbessert die Wasserbeständigkeit und die Bindefestigkeit Easigsäure@nhydrid - erhöht die Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit Polyvinylchlorid - verbessert die Wasserbeständigkeit trimere Siuren - Vernetzungsmittel Monoätha@olamin - erhöht die Bindefestigkeit @-Phenyl@ndiamin - erhöht die Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit, das Molekulargewicht, verbessert die Wasserbeständigkeit und die Bindefestigkeit Tetr@äthylenpentamin - Vernetzungsmittel Triäthylentetramin - Vernetzungsmittel N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidon - Vernetzungsmittel Anili@ - erhöht die Umsetzungsgeschwindig keit, das Molekulargewicht und ( BindefestigkeitThe effect of the various additives is in the following Overview reproduced: formaldehyde - crosslinking agent polyvinyl alcohol - increased the conversion rate, the molecular weight and the binding strength of furfuryl alcohol - increases the bond strength Siacetonac @ ylamid - improves the water resistance and the binding strength of acetic acid @ nhydride - increases the rate of conversion Polyvinyl chloride - improves water resistance trimeric acids - crosslinking agent Monoätha @ olamin - increases the bond strength @ -Phenyl @ ndiamin - increases the conversion rate, the molecular weight, improves the water resistance and the bond strength Tetr @ ethylene pentamine crosslinking agent Triethylenetetramine crosslinking agent N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone - crosslinking agent Anili @ - increases the conversion rate speed, molecular weight and (bond strength
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70279568A | 1968-02-05 | 1968-02-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1905054A1 true DE1905054A1 (en) | 1969-08-21 |
Family
ID=24822628
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19691905054 Pending DE1905054A1 (en) | 1968-02-05 | 1969-02-01 | Thermosetting saccharide-based binder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1905054A1 (en) |
Cited By (44)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0001501A1 (en) * | 1977-10-04 | 1979-04-18 | Jansky, John, Dr. | Method of bonding lignocellulosic material |
| EP0063404A1 (en) * | 1981-04-14 | 1982-10-27 | Carbocol Inc. | Steam bonding of solid lignocellulosic material |
| FR2549768A1 (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1985-02-01 | Ohota Shoji | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE PRODUCTS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED |
| NL1000870C2 (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1997-01-22 | Suiker Unie | Use of fructan or deriv. as glue, for paper and wood prods. |
| WO1997004035A1 (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1997-02-06 | Coöperatie Cosun U.A. | Carbohydrate glue |
| WO2011019598A1 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-17 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder |
| WO2011019593A1 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-17 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder |
| WO2011022222A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Johns Manville | Improved performance polymeric fiber webs |
| WO2011022224A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Manville, Johns | Cellulosic composite |
| WO2011022226A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising amine salt of inorganic acid |
| EP2386605A1 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-11-16 | Rohm and Haas Company | Durable thermosets from reducing sugars and primary polyamines |
| EP2386394A1 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-11-16 | Rohm and Haas Company | Durable thermoset binder compositions from 5-carbon reducing sugars and use as wood binders |
| EP2465987A1 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-06-20 | Johns Manville | Improved nonwoven of synthetic polymer |
| US8232334B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2012-07-31 | Rohm And Haas Company | Polymer modified carbohydrate curable binder composition |
| US8299174B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2012-10-30 | Rohm And Haas Company | Rapid cure carbohydrate composition |
| WO2013030390A1 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | Knauf Insulation | Carbohydrate based binder system and method of its production |
| WO2013150123A1 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2013-10-10 | Knauf Insulation | Binders and associated products |
| US8747953B2 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2014-06-10 | Rohm And Haas Company | Stable reactive thermosetting formulations of reducing sugars and amines |
| US9034970B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2015-05-19 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| US9068286B2 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2015-06-30 | Johns Manville | Polymeric fiber webs with binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| US20170002971A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2017-01-05 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Mineral wool insulation |
| US9604878B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2017-03-28 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| US9676954B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2017-06-13 | Johns Manville | Formaldehyde-free binder compositions and methods of making the binders under controlled acidic conditions |
| US9695311B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2017-07-04 | Johns Manville | Formaldehyde-free binder compositions and methods of making the binders |
| US9745489B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2017-08-29 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and materials made therewith |
| US9828287B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2017-11-28 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and materials made therewith |
| US9994482B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2018-06-12 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder |
| US10000639B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2018-06-19 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Composite wood board |
| US10053558B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2018-08-21 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Molasses binder |
| US10183416B2 (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2019-01-22 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Wood board and process for its production |
| EP2730689B1 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2019-06-26 | Johns Manville | Viscosity modified formaldehyde-free binder compositions |
| US10508172B2 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2019-12-17 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binder |
| US10738160B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2020-08-11 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Carbohydrate polyamine binders and materials made therewith |
| US10767050B2 (en) | 2011-05-07 | 2020-09-08 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Liquid high solids binder composition |
| EP2464771B2 (en) † | 2009-08-11 | 2020-11-25 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising amine salt of inorganic acid |
| US10864653B2 (en) | 2015-10-09 | 2020-12-15 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Wood particle boards |
| US10913760B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2021-02-09 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Carbohydrate binders and materials made therewith |
| US10968629B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2021-04-06 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Mineral fibre board |
| US11060276B2 (en) | 2016-06-09 | 2021-07-13 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Binders |
| EP3577266B1 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2021-10-13 | Knauf Insulation SPRL | Improved binder compositions and uses thereof |
| US11332577B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2022-05-17 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Binders |
| US11401204B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2022-08-02 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Uncured articles with improved shelf-life |
| US11939460B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2024-03-26 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binder compositions and uses thereof |
| US11945979B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2024-04-02 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Composite products |
-
1969
- 1969-02-01 DE DE19691905054 patent/DE1905054A1/en active Pending
Cited By (97)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0001501A1 (en) * | 1977-10-04 | 1979-04-18 | Jansky, John, Dr. | Method of bonding lignocellulosic material |
| EP0063404A1 (en) * | 1981-04-14 | 1982-10-27 | Carbocol Inc. | Steam bonding of solid lignocellulosic material |
| FR2549768A1 (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1985-02-01 | Ohota Shoji | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE PRODUCTS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS THUS OBTAINED |
| NL1000870C2 (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1997-01-22 | Suiker Unie | Use of fructan or deriv. as glue, for paper and wood prods. |
| WO1997004035A1 (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1997-02-06 | Coöperatie Cosun U.A. | Carbohydrate glue |
| US9926464B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2018-03-27 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and materials made therewith |
| US9745489B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2017-08-29 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and materials made therewith |
| US11453780B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2022-09-27 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Composite wood board |
| US11905206B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2024-02-20 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and materials made therewith |
| US11459754B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2022-10-04 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Mineral fibre board |
| US11401209B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2022-08-02 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and materials made therewith |
| US9828287B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2017-11-28 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and materials made therewith |
| US10968629B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2021-04-06 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Mineral fibre board |
| US10000639B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2018-06-19 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Composite wood board |
| US10759695B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2020-09-01 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and materials made therewith |
| US11946582B2 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2024-04-02 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders |
| US20170002971A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2017-01-05 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Mineral wool insulation |
| US8232334B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2012-07-31 | Rohm And Haas Company | Polymer modified carbohydrate curable binder composition |
| US8299174B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2012-10-30 | Rohm And Haas Company | Rapid cure carbohydrate composition |
| US10053558B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2018-08-21 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Molasses binder |
| EP2464771B2 (en) † | 2009-08-11 | 2020-11-25 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising amine salt of inorganic acid |
| US10246373B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2019-04-02 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder |
| US10099959B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2018-10-16 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| US10696588B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2020-06-30 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| US10041198B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2018-08-07 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| US9676954B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2017-06-13 | Johns Manville | Formaldehyde-free binder compositions and methods of making the binders under controlled acidic conditions |
| US9994482B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2018-06-12 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder |
| US9034970B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2015-05-19 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| US10988412B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2021-04-27 | Johns Manville | Formaldehyde-free binder compositions and methods of making the binders under controlled acidic conditions |
| US11124448B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2021-09-21 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder |
| US9365963B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2016-06-14 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder |
| EP2464773B1 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2017-10-04 | Johns Manville | Process for binding fiberglass and fiberglass product |
| WO2011019593A1 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-17 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder |
| EP2464770B1 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2017-10-04 | Johns Manville | Process for binding fiberglass and fiberglass product |
| US9586862B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2017-03-07 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| US9604878B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2017-03-28 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| WO2011019598A1 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2011-02-17 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder |
| EP2467520B2 (en) † | 2009-08-19 | 2021-02-24 | Johns Manville | Improved performance polymeric fiber webs |
| US8372900B2 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2013-02-12 | Johns Manville | Cellulosic composite with binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| WO2011022222A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Johns Manville | Improved performance polymeric fiber webs |
| WO2011022224A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Manville, Johns | Cellulosic composite |
| US9574114B2 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2017-02-21 | Johns Manville | Polymeric fiber webs with binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| WO2011022226A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Johns Manville | Curable fiberglass binder comprising amine salt of inorganic acid |
| US9068286B2 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2015-06-30 | Johns Manville | Polymeric fiber webs with binder comprising salt of inorganic acid |
| EP2467519B2 (en) † | 2009-08-19 | 2019-08-14 | Johns Manville | Curable binder comprising amine salt of inorganic acid |
| US8651285B2 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2014-02-18 | Johns Manville | Performance polymeric fiber webs |
| EP2467521B1 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2019-01-23 | Johns Manville | Cellulosic composite |
| US8377564B2 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2013-02-19 | Johns Manville | Cellulosic composite |
| EP2467522B1 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2018-05-09 | Johns Manville | Cellulosic composite |
| US9879138B2 (en) | 2010-04-22 | 2018-01-30 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Durable thermosets from reducing sugars and primary polyamines |
| US8883886B2 (en) | 2010-04-22 | 2014-11-11 | Rohm And Haas Company | Durable thermoset binder compositions from 5-carbon reducing sugars and use as wood binders |
| JP2012036369A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2012-02-23 | Rohm & Haas Co | Durable thermoset binder composition from 5-carbon reducing sugar and use as wood binder |
| CN102329582A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2012-01-25 | 罗门哈斯公司 | Durable thermoset binder compositions from 5-carbon reducing sugars and use as wood binders |
| AU2011201851B2 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2013-02-21 | Rohm And Haas Company | Durable thermoset binder compositions from 5-carbon reducing sugars and use as wood binders |
| EP2386394A1 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-11-16 | Rohm and Haas Company | Durable thermoset binder compositions from 5-carbon reducing sugars and use as wood binders |
| EP2386605A1 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-11-16 | Rohm and Haas Company | Durable thermosets from reducing sugars and primary polyamines |
| US11078332B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2021-08-03 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Carbohydrate polyamine binders and materials made therewith |
| US10738160B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2020-08-11 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Carbohydrate polyamine binders and materials made therewith |
| US10913760B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2021-02-09 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Carbohydrate binders and materials made therewith |
| US11814481B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2023-11-14 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Carbohydrate polyamine binders and materials made therewith |
| EP2566904B1 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2021-07-14 | Knauf Insulation | Carbohydrate polyamine binders and materials made therewith |
| EP2566903B1 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2021-07-14 | Knauf Insulation | Carbohydrate binders and materials made therewith |
| EP2457943B1 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2016-10-12 | Rohm and Haas Company | Stable reactive thermosetting formulations of reducing sugars and amines |
| US8747953B2 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2014-06-10 | Rohm And Haas Company | Stable reactive thermosetting formulations of reducing sugars and amines |
| EP2465987A1 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-06-20 | Johns Manville | Improved nonwoven of synthetic polymer |
| US8708163B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2014-04-29 | Johns Manville | Spunbond polyester fiber webs |
| US10767050B2 (en) | 2011-05-07 | 2020-09-08 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Liquid high solids binder composition |
| EP2817374B1 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2017-06-28 | Knauf Insulation | Carbohydrate based binder system and method of its production |
| EP3252105A1 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2017-12-06 | Knauf Insulation | Carbohydrate based binder system and method of its production |
| WO2013030390A1 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | Knauf Insulation | Carbohydrate based binder system and method of its production |
| RU2615431C2 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2017-04-04 | Кнауф Инзулацьон | Carbohydrate based bonding system and method for its preparation |
| RU2665053C2 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2018-08-28 | Кнауф Инзулацьон | Binders and associated products |
| CN109593499A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2019-04-09 | 克瑙夫绝缘私人有限公司 | Binder and Related product |
| WO2013150123A1 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2013-10-10 | Knauf Insulation | Binders and associated products |
| CN104334567A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2015-02-04 | 克瑙夫绝缘私人有限公司 | Binders and associated products |
| JP2021073385A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2021-05-13 | ナフ インサレーション エセペーアールエル | Binders and related products |
| US11725124B2 (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2023-08-15 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and associated products |
| US11453807B2 (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2022-09-27 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and associated products |
| EP3409683A1 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2018-12-05 | Knauf Insulation | Binders and associated products |
| US10287462B2 (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2019-05-14 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binders and associated products |
| JP2015515523A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2015-05-28 | ナフ インサレーション エセペーアールエル | Binders and related products |
| JP2018003027A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2018-01-11 | ナフ インサレーション エセペーアールエル | Binders and associated products |
| US9695311B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2017-07-04 | Johns Manville | Formaldehyde-free binder compositions and methods of making the binders |
| US10233367B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2019-03-19 | Johns Manville | Formaldehyde-free binder compositions and methods of making the binders |
| US10183416B2 (en) | 2012-08-17 | 2019-01-22 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Wood board and process for its production |
| EP2730689B1 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2019-06-26 | Johns Manville | Viscosity modified formaldehyde-free binder compositions |
| US11384203B2 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2022-07-12 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binder |
| US10508172B2 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2019-12-17 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binder |
| US11401204B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2022-08-02 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Uncured articles with improved shelf-life |
| US11332577B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2022-05-17 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Binders |
| US10864653B2 (en) | 2015-10-09 | 2020-12-15 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Wood particle boards |
| US11230031B2 (en) | 2015-10-09 | 2022-01-25 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Wood particle boards |
| US11060276B2 (en) | 2016-06-09 | 2021-07-13 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Binders |
| EP3577266B1 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2021-10-13 | Knauf Insulation SPRL | Improved binder compositions and uses thereof |
| US11248108B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2022-02-15 | Knauf Insulation Sprl | Binder compositions and uses thereof |
| US11939460B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2024-03-26 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Binder compositions and uses thereof |
| US11945979B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2024-04-02 | Knauf Insulation, Inc. | Composite products |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE1905054A1 (en) | Thermosetting saccharide-based binder | |
| DE2026093C3 (en) | ||
| US4107379A (en) | Bonding of solid lignocellulosic material | |
| DE1226926B (en) | Process for the production of mineral fiber mats | |
| CN108501164B (en) | Method for manufacturing a wood composite material and wood composite material obtainable by the method | |
| DE69823338T2 (en) | ADHESIVE COMPOSITION AND THEIR USE | |
| AT397965B (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING UREA FORMALDEHYDE RESINS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BINDING AGENT, METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BONDED LIGNOCELLULOSE MATERIAL, AND USES | |
| DE2144534A1 (en) | Plasticized melamine-formaldehyde condensation products, process for their production and their use | |
| DE3126800A1 (en) | Process for the production of a composite article, and a binder suitable for this purpose | |
| CH641405A5 (en) | Process for producing chipboards with reduced formaldehyde elimination | |
| DE2257085C3 (en) | Use of a lacquer for painting electrical steel | |
| EP2807212A1 (en) | Foams composed of lignin-furan derivative polymers and production method therefor | |
| DE2506346C2 (en) | Method for pressing solid wood pulp materials | |
| DE3341738A1 (en) | Composite material based on fragments of vegetable origin and process for the production thereof | |
| DE1815897A1 (en) | Hardenable copolycondensate and process for the production of copolycondensates | |
| DE2439660A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING WOOD-BASED COMPRESSED PANELS | |
| DE354539C (en) | Process for the production of plastic masses using solid or semi-solid acid tar, Saeuregoudron or the like. | |
| DE1570240A1 (en) | Process for the production of Traenk resins | |
| DE696391C (en) | Process for the production of molded bodies, in particular plates | |
| RU2214329C2 (en) | Method for manufacture of slabs | |
| AT224344B (en) | Process for the production of water-containing hardenable synthetic resins, in particular for molding compounds | |
| DE672483C (en) | Process for the production of molded bodies from urea-formaldehyde condensation products | |
| AT355912B (en) | METHOD FOR RECYCLING SULFIT BLUE | |
| DE1545180C (en) | Process for the production of phosphorus and nitrogen-containing polymers | |
| AT56950B (en) | Process for hardening condensation products from phenols and aldehyde. |