DE1560661A1 - Non-woven fabric - Google Patents

Description

PATENTANWÄLTE ~ _ «-

DR.-1 NG. H. FINCKE MUNICH B | /. MU * _r -

DIPL.-ING. H. BOHR MÜLLERSTR. 31 - '"' DIPL-ING. S. STAEGER

Folder 19 763 Case Bo380

Dr. Expl.

Broom ri b_u n_g
sum patent application

of the company BRITISH HYLON SPINNERS LTD., Pontypool, Monmoutshire,

Great Britain

concerning!

"Non-woven fabric"

The priority of filing in the UK on July 20, 1965 is used.

The invention relates to nonwoven fabrics and a method for their manufacture.

The manufacture of non-woven fabrics of the bonded type Ribbons generally involve the formation of a ribbon to the looker pasers belonging together, submission of the tape under a binding treatment in which the individual fibers are bound »so that a some degree of dimensional stability and tensile strength of the fabric is achieved. The binding process can, for example, be carried out «that the whole band is covered with a natural or artificial hair.

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is impregnated. Instead, if the tape is thermoplastic Contains fibers, tying by applying τοη warae, and frequently also Dvuck.

regardless of the fora in which this overall binding is carried out However, the fabric produced is not only stiff and board-like, but also has an uncomfortable, hard feel and shows few of the properties of woven fabrics, such as good drape and soft, textile-like feel. That is the application Seriously limited from niohi woven fabrics as cheaper Eraats for woven or knitted fabrics.

In order to achieve a pre-fusibility in the grip and case of such non-woven fabrics from bonded tapes, it has already been proposed to connect the fibers in the tape to one another only at selected points, and these areas were called "binder areas ^M. This weave is intended in the following ale Sega has been designated.

If not woven fabrics that. with the Sega delivery technology have been manufactured, of which a number has been described, have a better case and a softer feel compared to have continuously bonded non-woven fabrics, so they have a tendency to remain thin and flat, with a "somewhat paper-like feel and only poorly developed build quality and increase.

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The invention therefore makes a non-woven textile fabric

ι Bit gater 2auschlichkeit and well developed textile-like handle and Appearance is made available / Furthermore, the invention • in processes of improving bulkiness, grip and Appearance "made available by segment-bound non-blown fabrics".

These goals can be achieved by inserting at least 5 fibers into the sliver from which the cogment-tied fabric is formed, which in the raw state are potentially contractible or divisible. ^{: are} integrable.

Under "fibers in the raw state" are meant to denote barrels which have not yet been subjected to any treatment with which their latent

Peculiarities are developed before they are bound to a

which: non-woven textile fabric to be preprocessed.

ii, ■

Duroh ^ the invention is thus a non-woven fabric with improved Bausohigkoit made available, which is made from a segment-shaped fiber tape boa tones, and which is marked by it.-. ' · Ä, dgee> the · fibers in the unbonded areas of the tape. ■ ^ α, ^ οΪλοβ "are together so-called or extended state.

The phrase, "improved bulkiness" is intended to follow here and there. I mean the non-woven fabric has a higher bulk; ice has the stuff from which it was developed. Hit the exit -,

pressure "aueacimcnziehend or extended state" should be turned off.

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that squeezes a contraction or an elongation of the Fibers compared to their raw state has occurred.

The invention also provides a method for making a nonwoven fabric with improved bulk, in dom a sliver containing at least 5 % sewable or extendable fibers "segment bonded" and subjecting the band to a contraction treatment The contractible or extendable fibers are lengthened so that unbound areas of the untied fiber tape are given a bulk.

The contraction can result from a simple shortening (shrinking) or a distortion of the fiber into an irregular one Fora as a result of the fiber crimp, or from both * Si Improvement of the bulk of the unbonded parts of the fabric can therefore result from a crimp in the fibers, from a Bulging of fibers due to their lower shrinkage than other fibers in general, or a total shrinkage of the fibers in these areas, or from an extension of the fibers.

When "seed drawable fibers such as segmented sliver are included, it is from the standpoint of desirable physical" properties of the resulting non-woven fabric is desirable, thei in the treatment with which the contraction is effected, a FlKohenverrin & Qrung the total length of the sliver of very few « $ 10 should occur.

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The sliver itself can be made by any of a variety of known Techniques for depositing or arranging fibers in one

Tape to be made.

Such techniques are carding, threading, air laying, and papermaking techniques for making staple fiber bundles. Tapes aua continuous threads can be produced in a simple manner by pulling the threads directly from a spinning unit, or they can be from a package or other storage device for already spun yarn.

GarnbHndey aua continuous threads, i.e. tapes in which the Threads as multiple threads, are contained, can simply be in one Process are produced in which freshly spun filaments from one or more polymer components have the effect of a turbulent High-speed flow medium jet are exposed to the the threads are thinned and oriented and they mix together, so that a twist-free yarn is formed that, with the flowB-aittelatrehl promoted and on a receiving surface in any Loops is filed.

The sega is preferably carried out in the form of a

given Küsters from spaced apart binding surfaces that over the shiny surface of the fabric is enough. If desired, they can

Binding areas, however, must be statistically distributed over the tissue "

Segnea binding means that the fibers binding the fabric are in Substance, bound to certain links or segments, like this

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that the single flowers & esegaeate noraalerwelae are separated from each other by unbound material areas. There is no restriction on the hinge of the binding agent, which can, for example, arise in parallel lines over the full length or width of the fabric, if the result is a wrong cord sowing. Normally: are the Bindosegmento but shorter than 2.5 cm (i ⁿ⁾ and at an angle: .ur inclined longitudinal axis of the substance, then a high transverse and length of elasticity and flexibility that results in the substance.

The segment binding came. can be performed in any of the known methods. For example, a natural or artificial resin can be applied to the tape in the desired pattern, with an engraved printing roll being used, or, if the bar is thermoplastic _; If the bond contains table fibers, the bond can be achieved by subjecting the tape to heat or pressure using a heated roller with appropriate protrusions. In another method, the ribbon contains thermoplastic fibers and the segment binder contains Dealing is then effected by electrical welding using a de-coring pattern electrode at the frequency at which the thermoplastic fibers have a useful dielectric loss, taking into account that not all thermoplastic fibers have a suitable dielectric loss, for example Polyethylene or polypropylene fibers.

Dia technique: a Sega release of fiber ribbons with dielectric « Sahweissea is in an application filed at the same time Anaelderin treated.

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' ¹ AL

You treatment, ait of a contraction or elongation of the Fibers in the segment-bonded fabric is effected, for example a heating of the substance to a temperature below the melting temperature, for example by using water, steam,> » Air or some other fluid that is relatively inert to the fiber in question. Am contraction of the fibers may also through appropriate ohemical treatment in addition to or instead of * the heat treatment can be effected. Hilde acid and alkali baths, are examples * of what is often a viable chemical treatment can be. Bio Sehlungaseit can take from a few seconds to: Hours last, even if treatment times in the order of minutes are conveniently used. -

A number of synthetic fibers can be made to be have the ability to contract. Particularly useful Fibers for use in connection with the invention are hetero threads » in which one component has a higher shrinkage than the other component or components, so that after submission under a chemical or heat treatment of the hetero thread a crimped one or rolled up form. When hetero threads in education of non-woven fabrics is used, the segment weave conveniently effected by dielectric welding, before * naturally exposed to the fact that the hetero thread contains at least one component »which has the necessary dielectric losses.

Suitable · Components for the production of hetero threads can be found in alj.ee Groups of synthetic «! fiber-forming materials can be found. Because of its commercial availability, ease of handling

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and the excellent properties, the condensation polymers, such as polyamides and polyesters, and particularly those which can be gel-spun, are very suitable for use in the bond bits of the invention. Other hetero thread that can be rerwendet are, for example, the amides on polyester ", based Polysulphonaoiden, polyesters, polyolefins, polyurethanes, or any combination of these polymers or containing them Heterofädenj the only significant limitation is that the components of the hetero-yarn sufficiently τ · τί * are detrimental, so that they are subject to impermissible disintegration (fibril-f

lation). '

For example, the components can be arranged side by side or one component can be τοίΐ constantly and eccentrically τοη the other

Components be surrounded, ie the two components form a shell and a core, the component forming the shell is the ] potentially adhesive component, or the hetero thread can have a non-circular, for example three-cornered cross-section * with one or two of the lobes through a potentially adhesive *

'■■' · ■ * · '■ · - · - ·· ■ ■ i

Component are formed. The Belatirteile of the components in;

the Heitisrofaden can be varied according to the «end purpose, because # the product is re-viewed.

1 "■

Examples of suitable two-component hetero threads, with denett; Both components are fiber-forming, see the following table listedj

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Eoxaponente with higher shrinkage

Polyhexamethylene adipamld poly-omega-aainoundecanoic acid »

ι ·.-Polyhexamethylene adipamide copolymer from polyhexamethylene adipamide

and Poly-Bpsilon-Caprolactam in different proportions of weight

Polyhexamethylene adipamide copolymer from polyhexamethylene adipamide - and polyhexamethylene sebacamide in

': different weight percentages of the

both components

There are a number of methods available by which the heterofilaments can be made. They can be produced, for example, according to the processes described in British patents 579 * 08.1, 580.764 and 580.941, which contain the polymers being spun together by a melt-pinning process, a spinning or spinning of the plasticized melt , a wet or a trokkeneo, spinning, so that a uniform thread is horgostellt "Suitable methods and devices for use in the manufacturing of I g hetero threads duroh Sohmelzepinnon in which the com- '

nents lying side by side are, for example, in the older ones Patent applications 27350/61 and 29295/62 are described. Before or during of spinning, pigments, plasticizers, dyes, moth repellants, Fire retardants, fillers, abrasives and / or moisture stabilizers be added.

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For the sake of simplicity, a crimp is introduced in these hetero threads Immersion of the segment-bound fabric in hot water developed.

Another type of thread "which has potential crimp and which is useful in connection with the invention" is polyethylene terephthalate. Such threads have the property of curling,> when they are in boiling water or in hot air up to 175 ° C-; -200 ⁰ C are heated. ;

Exceptions with potentially puckerable fibers can give good results Also ait fibers have been obtained »that curl, but not curl.

Suitable fibers for this purpose can be made from copolymers of polyhexane ethylene adipamide and Poiy-QiBllon-Caprolactam have been obtained: a preferred β copolymer contains 20 percent by weight of poly-epsilon

Caprolaotam and 80 percent by weight polyhez & methylenadipamide. Ribbons,

which contain such polymers * can be bound by the fact that a Hari '$ U3 oinax Druokwilae is applied because »heat and pressure , .pder by dielectric Sohweissan, and the construction ^ | ^ l unbound areas can be increased »by the Substance is subjected to the following heat treatment. j

Feaorn. for use in conjunction with in the case of special openings are those derived from polyamide,

that azelaic acid is reacted with p-xylyloldiamine ^: '/ _; and '{fofkoBp polyesters and polyurethanes.,;. V ^; i ^ ''"

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Is not affected lung "of the sub-band segaentgebundene ■ _ is worfen: Zua & Talikh su the Eusosuaenziehbaren or extensible fibers can contain the ribbon fibers" whose length or shape by the Behänd-. ¹

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but do not limit. '

Example 1 ₍

Ribbons made of threads with an index of 14 made of an 80/20 copolymer of polyhexamethylene adipanide and poly-epsilon-oaprolactam and Staple fiber with a denier of 3 per thread and a lye of 38 mn (1 1/2 ") made of polyhexamethylene adipamide in different Parts by weight were obtained by making any mixtures these fibers were carded on a cotton card. The ribbon was made with a given Kueter of binder surfaces through dielectric Welding solution bound and then leasing at a frequency of 73 MHz treated with hot water so that the interpolymer fibers shrank and added bulk to the untied areas.

Two binder patterns were used. In one arrangement, the electrodes of the dielectric welder were with lines provided, which ran parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fabric »so that the fabric was bound like a continuous binder, The slides ran parallel to the longitudinal axis, so that a false «? tordeeet revealed. In the second case the electrodes formed the dielectric Sr.hveisvorrlohtung a divided 45 ° -Z4dxack »uet« r.

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The vent endoion fiber coverings, the area shrinkage according to hand. lung with hoiseem water and the weight of the fabric in Unien per Quairatyard before and after shrinking for both tie patterns are summarized in the table below.

Table 1

UL- ¹ U ■ - "- '
proportion of
Polyhexa-
methylone
adipamide ""
Straight electrodes Htoffgeweh
Ounces / square yard after this
Shrink
fen 4 5 ° zigzag electrodes Fabric weight
[In ζ en / Quad ra ty ar d according to your
Shrink
fen: in $ Pla'ehon-
Shrinkage before the
Shrink
fen 11 Check mark
shriveled before dee
Shrink
fen 12th O i'ung in fo a 8th fung in i » 7.5 8.5 20th 25th 6th 9.5 27 6th 9.5 30th 26th 7.5 10.5 28 7.5 9.0 50 20.5 7.5 21.5 6.5 28 30.0

The fabrics obtained had a desirable nubbed appearance, a good drape and good flexibility and an oak and warm textile handle.

Example II

The procedure of Example I was repeated, but in this case became! the interpolymer fibers are made up of 58 mm (1 1/2 ") staple fibers dW (value of 12 per fiber of polyhexaattay

represents.

an 80/20 random copolymer of PolyhexaeetÄy- -Epeilon-Caprolactaa. The components 14) ^: >'had the same proportions and lay side afi' S dor fabrics are iusaiimenge- in the following table

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& 4D

Table 2

AnteU
Polyhexa- Straight electrodes Fabric weight
Una on / ftuadrafcyard after this
Shrink
fen 45 ° zigzag electrodes Fabric weight
Ounces / square yard according to dom
Shrink
fen methylane
adipamide
in % Area
Shrink
fung in ^c fo before doa
Shrinkage
hairdryer 15th Fläohon
shrinking
fung in # before the
Shrink
hairdryer 15th 0 45 0 5.75 54 6.75 10 20th 30th 4th 7.5 39 · 6.25 9. 30th 40 4.5 11.5 40 5.5 13th 50 36 ü 30th 8.0

The fabrics were ofcjras more attractive in appearance and fuller Handle as dio naoh Betupiöl I, aiifgrunti of the larger surface shrinkage achieved.

To achieve a better strength of the fabric, daa Ge * eba can be used A borrowed, coarsely gowobfejn linen or cotton fabric is applied which is then in the binle areas by the binding process uiii; is connected to the substance.

5 ca (2 ^W ) staple fibers with a denier value of 6 from pot on- ^

tially curable heteroflidans that are made from equal weight antails of Polyheiamethyleneadipami'l and ainsra 80/20 any copolyasr made of Polyheiamethylenadlpamid and Poly-Epeilon-Caprolaotam 25 * usoainengesetst with the two components lying side by side »

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were creaped on a Batukwollkrsapal and the so formed Faearbandwiokol fiegfc, tobe successively · Faaerbanlvlokäi under a Winktl iron 90 ⁰ sum of previous Paaerbmniwlokil lajtn * ■ »the β oin krauzgalegbss Band ait a * Quadrafift 6 Unity

Sigaauiiltimlung dieeaj Faajrhandoa iarde dadurah causes daee Baud '.wilanhon dan baldun EL akb ro don ainar dieloktrlachen Sohteise · <;»!' - 'i'ufc * ard» _y illo on oiiinr Preq.uen2 ron 75 MHz worked »Both glfii- ii / Kl ja wore five orhabeno üohwelssst & ngen »dio joilü O | 5 άλ (o» O2 ") braL ^ were and yonainaudor a band τοπ 6, | 5 um {\ / \") hatb9ii> Ddi. · »loh this resulted in one niohfc gevobbo QtuiC v & x ' bound in 9iner Uaiho run parallel lines.

In ltm imgobuadeAen Boraichen the not vorwabban fabric juräo (Ium d-vduroh snfcwlofcalt that the fabric must be put in boiling water, sin i treatment, duroh the dia uatero fibers in the uni;> nmd-men Berulohan g ^ krHusalt The crimping of the hetero threads orgjh iin » wrinkling the Qesaatflach» the fabric, among other things, 13.2 fi _t tmd. dian8i · had » » Itl the desired knobbed appearance, a good case and a textile-like handle.

A selection of segiitint-bound non-woven fabrics has been added to the Manufactured in the manner described in Example 5, and the Baueohigkeit it became ontviokolt by the fact that the substances were treated in various lights have been subjected to CSq ^ rippling of the

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Heterofilaments to "reach" Mon Fllichenvorirl <jinerung of the fabrics due of the various illuminations in the following table zuaass & engo shares ι

treatment PlnohonYorringerunß in % Nitric acid 3.8 N 24.4 Phenol solution (1) 19.1 Metaeresol solution (2) 41.0 Formaldehyde (3) '1.1.3 at 70 ⁰ C

Notes on the table.

(1) The phenol solution boataml from 1,000 g Kionol in 500 our Xthanol.

(2) The Hetacreaollb'oung consisted of 25 1 MQiaorosol with 750 cm '

Xthanol.

(3) The formaldehyde solution 1) is based on equal parts by weight τοη

Formaldehyde and glycerine with 1 $ ammonite chloride.

A krerapol tape weighing about 6 ounces per square yard, that from any mixture of equal amounts by weight τοη 38 - ma Folyhezaiaothyleneadipamide staple fibers with a denier of 3 and 67 »SB (2 1/2") staple fibers made of polyvinyl chloride and one

duration/
Denier of 3 / was dielectrically fused using electrodes that had the shape of small resolved equilateral triangles. The swollen areas, which resulted from the activation of the polyvinylchloride as the meltable fiberesa,

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were approximately 6.5 mm (0.25 ") long and 0.5 mm (0.02") wide. The generated Fabric was a little thin and had the general look and feel of a paper. Bausohigkeit in the unbound areas of this The fabric was then developed through a hot water treatment which the polyvinyl chloride fibers shrank. The shrinkage of the polyvinyl chloride fibers this resulted in a reduction in the oil area around 12.7 & the substance had then developed due to it Bauechigkeit a desired textile-like handle and also a teztil-like Appearance.

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Claims (1)

1 / light interwoven fabric with improved puffiness, consisting of from a segment-bound sliver, characterized by » that fibers in the unbound Boreichen deo sliver are in a contracted or elongated state. 2. Non-woven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that that fibers in the unbound areas of the sliver are ruffled. 3. Nonwoven fabric according to claim 2, characterized in that the crimped fibers are hetero threads. 4. A method for producing a non-woven fabric with increased bulk, in which a fiber ribbon is segment-bonded which contains at least 5% of a contractible or extensible fiber as defined above, characterized in that the segment-bonded ribbon is subjected to a treatment by a contraction or elongation of the contractible or extendable fibers is caused, so that _a sB. bulkiness is given to the unbound areas of the sliver. 909840/1348 bad oronal 5 »Method according to Claim 4, because it is known that the Debonding of the fibers is achieved by dielectric welding. 6. The method according spoke 4 »characterized in that the Treating to contract or elongate the fibers Warming doo Bogmontgebuudenan Paeerbandes to a fesperatur below the shell point of the fibers it contains. 7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the treatment to draw the fibers together, subjecting the sagittal fiber ribbon to the action of chenisohen Medi on is. ■; ^: 6 »The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the Contraction of the Paoorn from a reduction in the total flux dos Faesrbandea for at least $ 10 (accompanied "^ KWMiI HRNCKE ΟίΛ, -ΙΗβ. Η. · ΟΗ ( MtiNa ituasa 909840/1348