DE1099658B - Selbsttaetige Einschaltvorrichtung fuer Hochfrequenzchirurgiegeraete - Google Patents

Selbsttaetige Einschaltvorrichtung fuer Hochfrequenzchirurgiegeraete

Info

Publication number
DE1099658B
DE1099658B DES62831A DES0062831A DE1099658B DE 1099658 B DE1099658 B DE 1099658B DE S62831 A DES62831 A DE S62831A DE S0062831 A DES0062831 A DE S0062831A DE 1099658 B DE1099658 B DE 1099658B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
voltage
resistor
circuit
switch
automatic switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DES62831A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Hudek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Reiniger Werke AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Reiniger Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Reiniger Werke AG filed Critical Siemens Reiniger Werke AG
Priority to DES62831A priority Critical patent/DE1099658B/de
Priority to CH412760A priority patent/CH382313A/de
Priority to GB1498660A priority patent/GB897961A/en
Publication of DE1099658B publication Critical patent/DE1099658B/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/16Indifferent or passive electrodes for grounding
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/0066Sensing and controlling the application of energy without feedback, i.e. open loop control

Description

  • Selbsttätige Eins chaltvorrichtung für Hochfrequenzchirurgiegeräte Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes. Bekannte derartige Vorrichtungen arbeiten in der Weise, daß bei Berührung des Operationsobjektes mit der (aktiven) Operationselektrode über das Objekt ein Hilfsstromkreis geschlossen und damit das Steuerpotential einer Verstärkerröhre beeinflußt wird, die wiederum ein Relais zur Einschaltung des Hochfrequenzgenerators steuert.
  • Bei den bekannten Einrichtungen ist der Hilfsstromkreis relativ niederohmig ausgelegt. Auf diese Weise kann jedoch ein für den Patienten unangenehmer Reizstrom entstehen.
  • Es ist bekannt, daß beim Schneidvorgang durch Funkenbildung an der Berührungsstelle zwischen der aktiven Elektrode und dem Patienten ein Gleichrichtereffekt auftritt. Bei geschlossenem Gleichstromkreis könnte die dadurch auftretende Gleichspannung zu faradischen Reizungen Anlaß geben. Um einen solchen Gleichstromweg über den Ausgangskreis des Gerätes zu vermeiden, ist der Hochfrequenzstromkreis bei allen Chirurgiegeräten durch einen Kondensator gleichstrommäßig unterbrochen. Neu ist in diesem Zusammenhang die Erkenntnis, daß die genannte Gleichspannung bei handelsüblichen Geräten 150 Volt und mehr betragen kann. Ist der Hilfsstromkreis der Schaltautomatik niederohmig ausgelegt, so kann diese Spannung einen relativ starken Reizstrom zur Folge haben, der dem Patienten unerwünschte Reizungen (nfuske4-zuckungen) verursacht.
  • Zur Vermeidung dieses Nachteils wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, den Hilfskreis so auszulegen, daß der zwischen aktive und neutrale Elektrode geschaltete Gleichstromwiderstand mindestens l00 kQ beträgt, vorzugsweise aber im Bereich mehrerer MQ liegt. Die Erfindung nimmt daher bewußt den höheren schaltungstechnischen Aufwand in Kauf, den ein hochohmiger Steuerkreis erfordert, um die für den Patienten unangenehmen Folgeerscheinungen der selbsttätigen Einschalteinrichtung zu vermeiden. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, daß der genannte Gleichstromwiderstand, wie bei einer bekannten Anordnung, durch die bei positivem Gitterpotential niederohmige Gitter-Kathoden-Strecke einer Schaltröhre wesentlich mitbestimmt sein kann.
  • An Hand der Figuren sollen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung nachfolgend erläutert werden.
  • Gemäß Fig. 1 ist der Ausgang eines lediglich durch ein Schaltungssymbol angedeuteten Hochfrequenzgenerators 1 einseitig geerdet und kann mit seinem zweiten Pol über einen Schalter 2 mit der aktiven Elektrode 3 des Hochfrequenzchirurgieapparates verbunden werden. Die dem Behandlungsobjekt 4 anliegende neutrale Elektrode 5 ist ebenfalls geerdet. Ein Kondensator 6 dient zur gleichstrommäßigen Unterbrechung des Behandlungsstromkreises.
  • Zwischen aktiver Elektrode 3 und neutraler Elektrode 5 ist über eine Hochfrequenz-Sperrdrossel 7, eine Hilfsspannungsquelle 8 und zwei hochohmige Widerstände 9, 10 ein Gleichspannungsweg geschaffen, der sich zu einem Gleichstromkreis über das Behandlungsobj ekt schließt, wenn dieses mit der aktiven Elektrode 3 berührt wird. Der dann einsetzende Steuergleichstrom erzeugt an dem Widerstand 10 einen Gleichspannungsabfall, der bei hinreichender Größe nach Verstärkung durch den Verstärker 11 ein Relais 12 einschaltet, dessen Arbeitskontakt 2 den Hochfrequenzstromkreis schließt.
  • Mit Einsetzen des Behandlungsstromes tritt durch einen Gleichrichtereffekt, der sich zwischen der aktiven Elektrode und dem behandelten Gewebe ausbildet, eine Gleichspannung am Patienten auf, die über den Hilfsstromkreis einen zusätzlichen Gleichstrom treibt. Die Erfindung beruht nun auf der Erkenntnis, daß die am Patienten auftretende Gleichspannung wesentlich höher ist als die Gleichspannung der Hilfsspannungsquelle 8, die im Beispielsfall 12 V beträgt. Bei Versuchen mit einem- handelsüblichen Chirurgiegerät wurde am Patienten eine Gleichspannung von etwa 150V V gemessen. Für die Dimensionierung des Hilfskreises im Hinblick auf eine Berechnung des Gleichstromes im Hilfskreis muß daher in erster Linie diese Spannung, deren Existenz in dieser Größe bisher unbekannt war, zugrunde gelegt werden. Im Beispielsfall sind für die Widerstände 9 und 10 daher Werte von 10 und 1 MQ vorgesehen.
  • Bei der angegebenen Dimensionierung ergibt sich eine Ansprechempfindlichkeit der Schaltautomatik, die durch einen bestimmten höchsten Patienten-Ersatzwiderstand ausgedrückt werden kann, d. h., die Auto- matik schaltet stets dann ein, wenn der Berührungswiderstand unter dem der Empfindlichkeit entsprechenden maximalen Ersatzwiderstand liegt. Für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle oder aus Sicherheitsgriinden kann es wünschenswert sein, die Ansprechempfindlichkeit herabzusetzen. Technisch kann diese Aufgabe entweder durch einen durch den Schalter 13 zum Widerstand 10 parallel geschalteten Widerstand 14 oder durch Herabsetzung der Spannung der Hilfsstromquelle 8 erfolgen.
  • Der Kondensator 15 bewirkt mit dem Widerstand 9, daß niederfrequente Wechselspannungen und Gleichstromstörimpulse, die an die aktive Elektrode gelangen könnten, keine für eine Einschaltung des Apparates hinreichende Spannung am Gitter der Eingangsröhre des Verstärkers 11 verursachen. Damit sich andererseits durch den Kondensator 15 nach dem Abheben der Elektrode 3 vom Objekt 4 keine durch die Zeitkonstante im Gitterkreis verursachte störende Einschaltverzögerung ergibt, werden die Verhältnisse zweckmäßig so gewählt, daß der Gitterstrom der Eingangsröhre des Verstärkers 11 bereits nach einer geringen Erhöhung der Gitterspannung einsetzt und dadurch eine höhere Aufladung des Kondensators 15 verhindert.
  • Die selbsttätige Einschalteinrichtung kann als getrennte Baueinheit ausgeführt werden, um damit nachträglich Chirurgiegeräte ausrüsten zu können. Sie kann jedoch auch organisch in die Schaltung des Chirurgiegerätes eingefügt werden. In der Fig. 2 ist die Kombination einer getrennten Baueinheit mit einem Chirurgiegerät dargestellt. Von dem durch das gestrichelte Rechteck 20 angedeuteten Chirurgiegerät sind nur einige Bauteile angedeutet, wie die Generatorröhre 21, der Schwingkreis 22, 23, die Auskopplungsspule 24 und der Trennkondensator 25. Die Buchsen 26, 27 dienen zum Anschluß der aktiven Elektrode 3 und der neutralen Elektrode 5. An die Buchsen 30, 31 wird bei bekannten Geräten üblicherweise ein nicht dargestellter Fuß schalter angeschlossen. Bei Betätigung des Fußschalters würden beide Buchsen 30, 31 kurzgeschlossen, und das Relais 32 erhielte Strom und schlösse seinen Arbeitskontakt 33 in der Anodenspannungsleitung der Generatorröhre 21. An Stelle des Fußschalters ist nun die selbsttätige Einschalteinrichtung an die Buchsen 30, 31 angeschlossen, und zwar deren Schaltkontakt 34, der durch ein schematisch angedeutetes Transistorenrelais 35 betätigt wird. Die Elemente 7, 9, 10 und 15 stimmen mit den gleich- bezifferten Elementen in Fig. 1 überein. Die Sperrdrossel 7 ist innerhalb des Apparategehäuses 21) untergebracht. Die Verstärkerröhre 36 erhält ihre Anodenspannung aus einem schematisch angedeuteten Stromversorgungsgerät 37, dessen Betriebsspannung die Heizspannungsquelle des Chirurgiegerätes liefert. Für ein möglichst verzögerungsfreies Einschalten erfolgt bereits bei einer Gitterspannung von 1,5 V der Gitterstromeinsatz. An dem Potentiometerwiderstand 38 kann die für den Hilfskreis wirksame Hilfsspannung und damit die Ansprechempfindlichkeit der Einschaltvorrichtung verändert werden. Mit Hilfe der Widerstände 39, 40 wird dem Gitter der Röhre 36 ein gegenüber der Kathode negatives Ruhepotential vermittelt.
  • Zur Überprüfung der Schaltautomatik ist eine Prüftaste 42 vorgesehen, die im gedrückten Zustand eine Funktionskontrolle erlaubt. Dabei wird an Stelle des normalerweise über den Patienten geschlossenen Stromweges ein Prüfstromkreis über den vorgeschalteten Patientenersatzwiderstand 43 gebildet.
  • PATENTANSPROCHE 1. Selbsttätige Einschaltvorrichtung für Hochfrequenzchirurgiegeräte mit einem zwischen aktiver und neutraler Elektrode bestehendem, eine Gleichspannungsquelle enthaltenden Gleichstromweg, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstand des Gleichstromweges mindestens 100 kQ, vorzugsweise aber mehrere MQ beträgt.

Claims (1)

  1. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil des Widerstandes im Gitterkreis einer Verstärkerröhre angeordnet ist und für diesen Gitterkreis durch einen Kondensator in Verbindung mit einem anderen Teil des Widerstandes des Gleichstromweges durch Spannungsteilerwirkung unerwünschte Wechselspannungen möglichst klein gehalten werden.
    3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für eine Funktionsprüfung unabhängig von der Handhabung der aktiven Elektrode wirkende Mittel zur Auslösung der Einschaltvorrichtung vorgesehen sind.
    In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: Patentschrift Nr. 7550 des Amtes für Erfindungs-und Patentwesen in der sowjetischen Besatzungszone Deutschlands; USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2 827056.
DES62831A 1959-04-29 1959-04-29 Selbsttaetige Einschaltvorrichtung fuer Hochfrequenzchirurgiegeraete Pending DE1099658B (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES62831A DE1099658B (de) 1959-04-29 1959-04-29 Selbsttaetige Einschaltvorrichtung fuer Hochfrequenzchirurgiegeraete
CH412760A CH382313A (de) 1959-04-29 1960-04-08 Anordnung zur selbsttätigen Einschaltung der Hochfrequenzspannung eines Hochfrequenzchirurgiegerätes
GB1498660A GB897961A (en) 1959-04-29 1960-04-28 Improvements in or relating to automatic circuit-closing devices for high-frequency surgical appliances

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES62831A DE1099658B (de) 1959-04-29 1959-04-29 Selbsttaetige Einschaltvorrichtung fuer Hochfrequenzchirurgiegeraete

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE1099658B true DE1099658B (de) 1961-02-16

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ID=7495912

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DES62831A Pending DE1099658B (de) 1959-04-29 1959-04-29 Selbsttaetige Einschaltvorrichtung fuer Hochfrequenzchirurgiegeraete

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CH (1) CH382313A (de)
DE (1) DE1099658B (de)
GB (1) GB897961A (de)

Cited By (338)

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US11147621B2 (en) 2017-11-02 2021-10-19 Covidien Lp Systems and methods for ablating tissue
US11123094B2 (en) 2017-12-13 2021-09-21 Covidien Lp Ultrasonic surgical instruments and methods for sealing and/or cutting tissue
US11160600B2 (en) 2018-03-01 2021-11-02 Covidien Lp Monopolar return electrode grasper with return electrode monitoring

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CH382313A (de) 1964-09-30
GB897961A (en) 1962-06-06

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