DE10228406A1 - Structured element, comprises a band shaped member made of plastic, with reinforcing fibers, and a thermoplastic coating - Google Patents

Abstract

A structured element (14) consists of a band shaped member made of plastic, which has reinforcing fibers and a spiral shape. The member can be deformed plastically, elastically, under pressure and/or temperature, after the spiral shape has been formed. The member is surrounded by an electrically insulating layer. The reinforcing fibers are discontinuous and are embedded in a thermoplastic matrix.

Description

The invention relates to a spiral structural element and a Composite component, which consists of at least one spiral structural element and an outer component.

The use of spiral structural elements is used to manufacture Sandwich structures known. From the publication entitled "Novel GRP sandwich constructions "in" Kunststoffe, Band 63, 1973, page 845 " a sandwich structure emerges, in which two arranged parallel to each other continuous plates form a top layer and in between one Provide coil spring. Such spiral springs, which are made of plastic and GRP are provided, are used, for example, silos or other Manufacture memory. There are several in this spiral spring sandwich construction coiled springs arranged between two cover layers. This can give good results in pressure testing and endurance testing be achieved. The use of such spiral spring sandwich constructions is for the production of large-scale and high-load-bearing constructions.

The invention has for its object the spiral structure elements to improve and new technical fields of application through improved Structural elements and by building cover layers and structural elements to create new technological applications.

The invention is solved by the features of claims 1 and 17.

By building a structural element, which is a band-shaped body made of plastic with stiffening fibers in a spiral arrangement includes, it is possible that the band-shaped body and / or the spiral Arrangement is subsequently deformable. This enables a variety of uses such structural elements. For example, one or more individual Elements by gluing or welding together, for example be connected or to different ones at a later date Geometries can be adjusted. The subsequent adjustment of the prefabricated Structural elements made possible with a small number of standard shapes and geometries have a wide range of applications.

The plastic tapes that become spirals or in a modification Double spirals are wound with opposite windings, for example the advantage over closed tubes that, despite the stiff winding tape, are flexible and pliable in their longitudinal direction. You can therefore easily in revealing shaped and arched composite components can be integrated. Due to the Reinforcing fibers still behave stiff against deformation of the Spiral cross-section. Structural elements, which advantageously at least one Counter-winding are still flexible in the longitudinal direction, but still much stiffer against deformation of the spiral cross section and also symmetrical, which is a uniform behavior under load in different Secure spatial directions.

It is advantageously provided that the spiral body on a Temperature above the softening or melting point can be heated and is formable. This allows the spiral body as a semi-finished product Further processing used and easily processed with other components become. When heating up below the Softening or melting temperature the spiral shape or the winding to alternative geometries.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the spiral body is discontinuously fiber-reinforced. Thereby the body can have sufficient strength on the one hand, however on the other hand, be elastic and therefore also resilient. The Fiber reinforcement can also be done, for example, by a woven or knitted fabric the like. All materials, as in the figure description can be used.

According to a preferred embodiment, the spiral body has one single or multiple twisted arrangement. This can generally band-shaped bodies have a round cross-section, the individual Turns of the spiral arrangement have a higher rigidity. The Spiral body can advantageously along with its band other bands or strands are twisted, the individual Tapes are twisted or untwisted. Furthermore, this or that Ribbons with ribbons or strands in geometry and material deviate from the first volume, twisted or put together. This allows different strength properties, geometric shapes or geometric cross sections as well as coupling conditions be created for other materials.

It is advantageously provided that the spiral body in the form of a Winding hose or a spirally slotted tube is formed. These versions can also be produced with opposing windings. Such winding elements or slotted tubes have in particular one Top layer advantageous applications.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, that the spiral body has at least one electrically conductive insert has, which preferably as an electrical conductor or for example by the Material selection, such as carbon fiber, is formed.

This electrical conductor can be used during the winding process to manufacture the spiral body and be integrated with the material of the band-shaped Body are connected non-positively, positively and / or cohesively. The Design options in the geometry cross-section is through the integration of a electrically conductive insert is not affected. For example also be given by a sheet-like strip material as an electrical conductor.

Such spiral structural elements can be used, for example, for Find seat heaters. Furthermore, applications are conceivable in which one warming pad for, for example, therapeutic purposes or in Camping area or leisure area, outdoor area or the like desired becomes.

The electrically conductive insert is preferred if it is on an upper side of the structural element, with an electrically insulating coating or surrounded by another protective covering. Alternatively, it can Application of further, electrically insulating materials or a place of installation be selected accordingly to achieve the desired properties achieve.

The band-shaped body is advantageously formed from thermoplastic, which is detailed in the description of the figures is listed. Thermosetting resins as well as elastomers can also be used be advantageously provided.

Depending on the materials used for the band-shaped body the reinforcing materials or fibers can be selected. Here you can any materials come into question, as detailed in the Figure description is set out.

Furthermore, the invention provides that at least one Structural element is provided on a layer, cover layer or outer layer. For example, a flat and flat layer, cover layer or a molded body be provided which one or more one or more side by side with or without spacing arranged spiral structural elements. These spiral structural elements can be used as thermoplastics, thermosets or elastomers can be formed, which with or without fiber reinforcement or other additives for water resistance and color stability or specific media resistance can be provided.

The layer, top layer or the outer layer can have one or more layers be designed so that different materials can be provided for this, that form a composite as a top or outer layer.

The at least one structural element can be on one or both sides of the Layer should be provided. The number and arrangement of structural elements Both sides of the layer can optionally be provided so that for example, the structural elements in mirror image opposite each other, on gap or are provided differently in the distance from one another. You can also individual structural elements in one layer on one side of the layer Accumulation of several structural elements on the other side of the layer be provided opposite. Any previously and subsequently described Arrangement of the structural elements with or without at least one layer can be provided.

It is advantageously provided that at least several spiral bodies are partially provided adjacent to each other and touch, these at least partially welded at their contact points or contact surfaces or are glued. Additional adhesive materials can be used for this become. Alternatively, the materials that make up the spiral body is produced, heated or at least partially softened to form an adhesive or weld connection. The arrangement of the spiral bodies can, for example, form a flat recording and by parallel Arranging the spiral body can be given. Alternatively, any one Modification of the arrangement can be given, the flexible design in Longitudinal direction of the elements can be used. For example, it can a spiral in an S-shaped line course can be provided on a layer.

Optionally, at least one more can be rectilinear or of these be deviating structural element assigned. Likewise, the Structural elements intersect one or more times and be arranged to one another. With one or more intersecting structural elements, it can be achieved that if attenuation is desired at the crossing point, less Damping than is achieved in the neighboring area. This allows different pressure loads can be absorbed, for example.

In a preferred embodiment of the core structure according to the invention are the coiled spirals, which is why spirals with Counter winding count, placed close together or stacked. On the stack pressure is applied, for example by an applied and hermetic sealed elastomer film over which hydrostatic pressure is applied. If thermoplastic strips were used for the spirals, hot air can be passed through the spiral stack at the same time, so that it to melt the plastic on the belt surface or something Welding the spiral stack comes together. Both when using a thermoplastic as well as a thermoset plastic can instead a solvent, preferably in vapor form, through which Spiral stack are directed, which loosens the surface of the tapes so that it is under Pressure comes to a sticking of the spirals. Both thermoset and thermoplastic spirals can also be impregnated with an adhesive.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, that the layer is formed from a flat material, which is a flat or at least has a deformable structure in a spatial dimension. Thereby a variety of uses can be achieved. For example, you can parallel or in some other way spaced apart at least partially adjacent spiral-shaped structural elements on an aluminum foil or plastic-coated aluminum foil can be provided around a body isolate. Furthermore, for example, one or more layers of one Non-woven fabric with the spiral-shaped structural elements on one or both sides or be completely enclosed.

The layer can be at least partially one or more spiral Structural elements individually, several together or all surrounded together. This can be done in the case of textiles, nonwovens, fabrics or lattice structures Form fit. This also applies to the other materials, such as for example plastics, metals or the like. Likewise, this can be achieved through a Heat treatment can be combined or supported by one Adhesive or connecting means can be put together into one part.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, that the layer at least in sections with a structural element connected is. This allows, for example, individual cutouts in the layer be provided, whereby a certain permeability is achieved. Of further ones can be provided, in particular in the case of layers consisting of several Materials exist that alternate, for example, a first, a second and possibly another material by which the composite component is formed, on the Structural element attacks. This can create areas in the layer, for example be provided, which recesses in the form of a perforated grid, check pattern or have the like, for example with a nonwoven layer are covered, the fleece layer in the region of the recesses of the layer rests on the structural elements or with an adhesive or welded connection the structural elements is connected.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the layer has a type of sandwich structure has, the one directly opposite the structural elements Layer is given as a recording for the structural elements and a intermediate soft layer as a damping element for the outermost layer is provided, which is arranged facing away from the structural elements. such Elements can be used for sound insulation, thermal insulation or other Shields may be provided.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the others Claims specified. Show it

FIG. 1a is a perspective view of a helical structural element,

FIG. 1b is an alternative embodiment according to Fig. 1a with an electrical conductor,

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of two spiral-shaped structural elements with oppositely directed winding,

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a composite component with an outer layer and a core structure,

FIG. 4a is a schematic cross section through an interface between the core structure and external component in a first embodiment;

FIG. 4b is a schematic cross section through an interface between the core structure and external component in a second embodiment,

Fig. 5 shows an application example of the embodiment or 4b shown in Fig. 4a,

FIG. 6a is a schematic representation of a first process step for joining a core structure with an outer member,

Fig. 6b is a perspective view of a part manufactured according to Fig. 6a,

Fig. 7a is a schematic representation of an alternative arrangement of a composite component,

Fig. 7b shows a further alternative construction of a composite component,

Fig. 7c shows a further alternative embodiment of a composite component,

Fig. 8a is a schematic sectional view of a composite component in the sandwich structure,

Fig. 8b is a perspective view of a composite component according to FIG. 8a,

Fig. 9a shows a schematic cross section through a composite component with curved outer component of a core structure,

Fig. 9b is a perspective view of a composite component according to Fig. 9a,

Fig. 9c, d, e is a schematic cross-sectional alternative EMBODIMENTS to Fig. 9a,

Fig. 9f is a schematic cross section of a composite component in a mold,

Fig. 9g is a perspective view of another deformed composite component,

Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section through a composite component comprising two outer parts and a tapered in the longitudinal direction of the core structure,

FIG. 11a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite component with curved external components and partially deformed core structure,

Fig. 11b is a perspective view of a cutaway composite structural part with curved outer components and a core structure having variable in the longitudinal direction and transverse cross-sections,

Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-section along a curved composite structural part in a sandwich construction,

FIG. 13a is a schematic cross section of a composite component, which is also as a precursor for a composite component having a core structure on the basis of wavy-formed plastic bands and an outer component,

Fig. 13b a completed composite component having a second outer member having curved surfaces and a variable core thickness,

Fig. 14a a slotted plastic tape as a preliminary product and

Fig. 14b is a core structure, shown schematically, which is obtained from a precursor of FIG. 14a produced by embossing of the plastic tape.

Fig. 1a shows in perspective view a structural element 14, which is for example, wound from a band-shaped body with a reinforcement 16 made of high strength and aligned in the tape longitudinal direction of fibers. Likewise, the plastic band can also have a discontinuous fiber reinforcement 16 . The plastic band can be made of thermoplastic, thermosetting or elastic material. Thermoplastics from the group of polyamide, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate or thermoplastic polyester and high-temperature-resistant materials such as polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyetherimide, polyether ketones and also thermosetting resins such as epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, phenol or polyurethane resins can be used as plastics , So-called biopolymers can also be used. Furthermore, glass, aramid, carbon fibers as well as highly rigid polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, metal fibers, ceramic fibers, polyester fibers, cellulose fibers, hemp fibers, jute fibers, flax fibers, sisal fibers can be used as fiber reinforcements. These fibers can be embedded in the form of a fiber roving during continuous production. In addition, these fiber materials can also be impregnated or consist of a so-called hybrid yarn which contains reinforcing fibers and more or less equally distributed polymer fibers.

When using thermoset materials, the plastic straps can can also be produced as a prepreg ribbon.

The manufacture of such spiral structural elements is done in a way Lathe on a metal mandrel with adjustable feed by winding produced and possibly under tension at elevated temperature hardened so that the wound form is stabilized. In addition to using There is another method of making thermoset prepreg tapes Spirals. Here, the plastic band is only immediately before the winding process created in which the initially open strand of glass fibers (so-called rovings) passes through a resin soakable. After going through one or more nozzles, strip off the excess resin and, if necessary, the strand into the bring the desired flat ribbon shape, this runs directly on the Mandrel. The winding process for thermoplastic plastic tapes is so far modified when the tape in front of the thorn through a flame, a Arc, is melted with hot air or a laser beam. For that the wound component is no longer heated. The strip can also be extruded made of a thermoplastic with or without fiber reinforcement and fed directly to a winding unit.

In Fig. 1b, a spiral is shown, which is wound in the opposite direction. This spiral comprises an embedded winding 16 which is connected to an electrical conductor at the outer ends. For example, stainless steel, copper, carbon fiber or other suitable conductive materials can be used as the conductive fiber winding. This allows such a spiral to be used as a heating element. The geometry of such structural elements or heating elements can be designed in a variety of ways. In addition to the selection of the cross section of the band-shaped body and the winding, it can have a different geometry. Trapezoidal, wedge-shaped, rectangular, oval or other cross sections of the windings as well as the cross section of the band-shaped body can be realized. The cross section can also change in the longitudinal direction of the spiral, so that the diameter can taper or the cross section can flatten.

The conductive materials are embedded in a thermoplastic matrix of the band-shaped body 15, for example. These fiber windings 16 can be distributed uniformly over the cross section or can be provided one or more times as a bundle. Depending on the application, they can only be provided on the inside or outside or in a lateral edge area. So these windings 16 can surround the band-shaped body in a spiral. Alternatively, it can also be provided that a sleeve made of conductive material surrounds the spiral structural element 14 .

A special type of winding of two structural elements 14 is shown in FIG. 2, for example. Here two spirals run into each other. These spirals as well as the spirals shown in Fig. 1 can for example also be filled in the interior by a foam filling, so that the winding runs around a core, for example, and the structural element continues to work as a component with a soft or harder foam core or other materials or as a semi-finished product further work processes can be integrated.

The spiral structural elements 14 shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b can also be winding tubes which are produced instead of the spiral winding shown around a mandrel, for example by slitting a tube. Likewise, the band-shaped material of the spiral structure element 14 can be formed as a twisted strand in order to achieve a higher compressive strength. One or more bands can be twisted together. At the same time, inserts of different thicknesses can also be provided depending on the desired geometry, so that, for example, the diameter of the winding is made larger. Likewise, one or more electrical conductors, which run parallel to the further band-shaped material, can be twisted together so that the winding is supplied with heat all round. At the same time, a closed cavity can be formed by the twisting, through which, for example, a liquid is carried out, which can be heated or cooled depending on the application. Likewise, the air therein can be heated, for example, by solar radiation, as a result of which the twisted strands are used in which the strands are blown with air.

FIG. 3 shows a composite component 21 which includes a layer 23 , hereinafter also referred to as the outer component 23 or cover layer, and comprises at least one structural element 14 which can form a core structure 18 . The cover layer 23 is, for example, an aluminum foil or aluminum composite foil. Likewise, the cover layer can also be a lattice structure, a fabric, a textile, a nonwoven, a wooden plate, a plastic plate, a metal plate, a non-metallic plate or a composite material with these materials or other non-plate-shaped structures. In this embodiment, the spiral structure elements are arranged at a distance from one another. At the same time, these are not round in cross-section, but oval or rectangular.

As an alternative to this, it can be provided that the structural elements 14 adjoin one another and the contact points are glued or welded to one another. These structural elements 14 can also interlock. Furthermore, it can alternatively be provided that a plurality of structural elements 14 lie one above the other and are optionally stacked with and without spacing from one another.

The cover layer 23 can be provided with further layers on the side opposite the structural elements 14 . These can contain different materials. For example, the cover layer can comprise a nonwoven fabric and, above it, a textile fabric, so that the spiral-shaped structural elements with a nonwoven layer arranged thereon and a textile covering can be designed as a seat cover. This has the advantage that the spiral design enables ventilation, so that an air-conditioned seat cover can be created. At the same time, seat heating can also be formed when using and using conductive fiber windings. For example, carbon fibers can also be provided and embedded as a reinforcing element. Such combinatorial applications can also be transferred to other areas.

Flat panels have particularly interesting properties thermoplastic top layers and a layer of parallel spirals as the core layer. at These plates are heating to the melting temperature of the outer layers thermoformable. The core should not soften thermoplastic his. This can be achieved either by using spirals with higher melting thermoplastics used or simply because of that the poor thermal conductivity of the structure softened the cover layers are, but not the colder core. The core is still freely deformable and offers practically no resistance to plastic deformation. The Spirals are light in the direction of their longitudinal axis despite the stiff starting material bendable and stretchable. Perpendicular to this, the spirals can easily be stacked roll. With this deformation, the cross section of the spirals changes practically not so that the height of the sandwich hardly changes during the forming process.

FIG. 4a shows in a greatly enlarged illustration in cross-section, the boundary zone between an outer member 23 having a fiber fabric reinforcement 25 and core structure 18 of an array of plastic spirals 14 with fiber reinforcement 16. In reality, the thickness of the plastic band for the spiral winding is usually less than 1 mm, the thickness of the fiber-reinforced outer component 23 is a few tenths to a few millimeters and the diameter of the structural elements 14 is a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Core structure 18 and outer component 23 can be glued or welded. The core structure 18 can be layered or stacked without connection. However, they can also be glued or welded to one another.

The welding requires a thermoplastic matrix for both binding partners. Identical polymers, but at least chemically compatible plastics, will preferably be used as the matrix for the fiber-reinforced outer component 23 and for the plastic winding tapes or band-shaped bodies 15 . Before the outer components 23 are placed on one another and pressed onto the structural elements 14 , the core structure 18 , generally the spirals 14 that have already been stacked, and the outer components 23 are heated separately to such an extent that the surface layers that come into contact are heated above the melting temperature of the plastic. Here, however, the deeper layers of the core structure 18 , in particular the inner layers of the spirals 14 , should remain below the melting temperature of the plastic matrix, since otherwise the core structure 18 will not be able to withstand the pressing pressure during the pressing. This controlled heating is best achieved by infrared radiation.

Core structures 18 and outer components 23 can be glued with thermoset and thermoplastic matrices. Adhesive bonding can be achieved by pretreating the components of the core structure 18 and the outer components 23 with adhesive before they are stacked and pressed. However, it is also possible with various matrix materials to pass a solvent, preferably as a solvent vapor, through the core structure 18 of the stacked structure, which dissolves the surface of the individual parts, which then stick together under pressure after the solvent has evaporated.

Even with optimal process control, welding according to the method shown in FIG. 4a is often not possible, since due to the requirement that the inner walls of the spirals 14 must not lose their rigidity during infrared heating, intensive surface fusion cannot be achieved and losses in the interface welding have to be accepted. In particular, the amorphous and semi-crystalline plastics which are particularly suitable for the impregnation of fiber fabrics have the property that they have no precisely defined melting point. Rather, progressive heating takes place over a wide temperature range. As a result, the deepest layers of a component heated by radiation are often significantly softened when the surface layer assumes a temperature suitable for welding.

In many cases it will make sense to proceed to weld the spirals 14 to external components 3 , as shown in Fig. 4b.

An outer component 23 contains a fabric reinforcement 25 , which is impregnated with a plastic matrix 27 . In this case, this plastic matrix 27 can be a thermoplastic or a thermoset material. The core-side surface of the outer component 23 carries a thermoplastic welding layer 28 . Such a welding layer 28 can preferably be laminated on one side or on both sides as a thermoplastic or hot-melt adhesive film in the manufacturing process of the outer component 23 . This thermoplastic or hot-melt adhesive layer 28 simply covers the layer structure in the normal pressing process for the structure of the outer component 23 . It has been tested that, for example, thermoplastic polyurethane films can be combined in this way with various thermoplastic matrices used with preference, but also with epoxy resins. The plastic winding tapes 15 from which the spirals 14 are made are also covered at least on one side with a thermoplastic or hot-melt adhesive layer 29 which is compatible with the welding layer 28 on the outer components 23 , in particular, for example, with the same thermoplastic or hot-melt adhesive material. This is done economically in one operation, which is immediately after the impregnation of the fiber strand 16 with the matrix material. After the impregnation and before the winding process, this thermoplastic or hot-melt adhesive layer 29 is applied directly to the winding tape 15 . This method can also be used for thermosetting tapes as for thermoplastic tapes 15 . When using thermoplastic matrices, the aim should be that the welding temperature of the superficial thermoplastic or hot melt adhesive layer 29 is 20 ° C to 50 ° C below the melting temperature of the thermoplastic matrix.

The embodiments according to Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b are to be combined so far as only the outer parts 23, or only the core structure 18, but preferably, the core structure 18 may be coated with a thermoplastic or hot melt adhesive layer 28, 29 having a lower melting point has than the actual matrix, while the other binding partner, preferably the outer components 23 , either has a total of a thermoplastic matrix which can be welded to this thermoplastic or hot-melt adhesive layer 28 , 29 , preferably identically, or which can be glued to the hot-melt adhesive.

An application example is shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 shows a back cushion 31 or seat pad for vehicle seats, office chairs or the like. In a simple embodiment, the lattice structure 33 can be used as a cover layer and the spiral-shaped structural elements 14 , such as, for example, according to FIGS. 1a or 1b, can be provided individually on one side of the lattice element. Alternatively, instead of the woven or lattice-shaped structure 33 , a fleece or a foam mat can also be provided. A vulcanized material with pores can also be used for ventilation. The spiral-shaped structural elements give the flexible top layer a certain inherent rigidity, so that this composite component is also sufficiently manageable for assembly.

Alternatively, it can also be provided that an additional cover layer is provided. For example, these structural elements can then be separated individually upper and lower cover days to be sewn in, which makes the spiral Structural element is held by positive locking. The spiral structure element can also be done by welding or gluing the top and lower cover layer or only through a one-sided cover layer be positively integrated.

The production of such composite components 21 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 6a and 6b. To produce a regular arrangement of the spirals, an auxiliary tool 42 is used which has grooves in which the spiral-shaped structural elements 14 are inserted. Subsequently, a cover layer 23 is placed in order to weld or glue it to the structural elements 14 . If the cover layer 23 is made of a thermoset material that can no longer be deformed after the composite has been completed, the auxiliary tool is already shaped with the final geometry of the composite component.

A special property of such a core structure 18 due to the spaced spiral elements 14 is that the spirals behave resiliently when pressure is exerted on the outer components or cover layer.

Another feature is the extremely low resistance of the spiral structure elements 14 to the flow through liquid or gaseous media. This can create ventilated structures. This function is important, for example, in helmets, other protectors, backrests, backpack racks or the like. In order to perform an adequately ventilated function, the cover layer 23 is preferably made gas-permeable. For example, special air-permeable but water-repellent layers can be provided, as is known in so-called outdoor clothing.

In FIGS. 7a and 7b show a further alternative embodiment of the invention is shown in each case. The cover layer 23 is formed, for example, as a band-shaped material, which in turn wraps itself spirally around one or more spiral-shaped structural elements in order to arrange them relative to one another.

In FIG. 7b, the cover layer 23 is designed as a band-shaped material or strip-shaped material which extends, for example, along an outer surface, as a result of which the spiral-shaped structural element 14 is stiffened in the longitudinal direction. The number of strip-shaped cover layers 23 inside or outside or alternately along the structural element depends on the desired rigidity of the structural element. In a special embodiment, the strip-shaped cover layer 23 can also be wound around the structural element with an incline that deviates from the spiral-shaped structural element.

In Fig. 7c shows a further alternative embodiment of the invention is shown. The spiral body 14 is provided on a cover layer 23 . This is for example made of an elastic or a rigid material. A band runs inside the spiral structure, which fixes the spiral to the cover layer as a counter element. Such elements are used, for example, as permanent multi-axis shock and vibration isolators for sensitive systems and electronic parts.

Alternatively, it can be provided that, for example, the twisted or twisted spiral spring is applied to a cover layer on the face. By arranging several helical ones arranged next to each other Bodies can be created a resilient receiving surface. On The application for this could be a lying surface or a mattress in which only natural substances are used. Alternatively, in a special Embodiment of the invention, a cover layer made of a pliable material, for Example a flax / PP fleece can be used. By arranging several spiral bodies lying next to each other, for example oval Cross section, which are connected to the cover layer, can be resilient compliant receiving surface can be created. The connection of the spiral-shaped body with the cover layer can, for example, by welding, gluing, Sew, staples are done. A use case for this could be a document be for a mattress or, if appropriately padded, even the mattress replace yourself. Advantageously, however, this becomes an upper flexible Cover layer applied such that the spiral structure elements enclosed individually or in groups by this and a connection between the upper and lower structure elements Top layer is produced. The upper cover layer thus envelops the spiral Structural elements form-fitting and at the same time protects one over it lying layer in front of the edges of the spirals.

In FIGS. 8a and 8b, a further embodiment of the invention is provided. In this composite component 21 , a sandwich construction is provided, the structure of the core structure being formed by a plurality of spiral bodies 14 lying one above the other. These can be stacked on top of one another as shown in FIG. 8a. Alternatively, diameters of different sizes can be combined with one another. Defined gaps or distances can also be provided in order to achieve special effects. In the exemplary embodiment, the cover layers are formed from plastic plates. Alternatively, sagging cover layers can be used, such as textiles, nonwovens or the like. Likewise, a rigid cover layer can be provided on one side and a pliable cover layer on the opposite side.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b can also be converted into an embodiment shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b. In this process, in a modification of the process by means of which sandwich designs according to FIGS. 8a and 8b are produced, the lower cover layer 23 can, for example, be introduced into a lower mold and pressed in order to subsequently insert the spiral elements 14 . After the top cover layer 23 has been applied to the spiral stack, this structure can be welded and pressed together in one process. If outer components 23 are to be welded to the core structure 18 in the same process in which the spirals are also welded to one another, then at least the surface of the outer components facing the core must consist of the same thermoplastic plastic as the spirals 14 of the core structure 18 or of one with the same compatible fabric. A particularly suitable material for the external components is fiber composite materials with a thermoplastic matrix. In this case, it is advisable in any case to manufacture the core structure 18 and the outer components 23 with the same matrix plastic. This also applies if unreinforced plastic is used for the external components.

If the outer components 23 do not consist of a plastic that is compatible with the core material, a coating with such a plastic is possible in many cases. Instead, coating with a hot melt adhesive film is also possible. Duromeric fiber composites can also be pressed on during the consolidation process, for example thermoplastic polyurethane or hot-melt adhesive films with excellent adhesion. Metallic external components can be coated with the plastic of the core structure with hot-melt adhesive films or with a compatible material powder. Cover layers made of a composite film, such as an aluminum composite film, for example, are particularly suitable, with at least one side consisting of a thermoplastic layer.

Furthermore, it can be provided that during the welding of the upper and bottom cover layer with the hot air or spirals stacked between them Gases or solvents are blown through the mold, causing it to melt allow the surface, so that the individual components each with each other be glued.

A further embodiment of a composite component 21 is shown in FIG. 9c. This arrangement shows that one, two or more spiral-shaped structural elements 14 can be incorporated in two cover layers 23 . As a result, chambers of different sizes can be formed, which can be used to flow through different media with different flow volumes. At the same time, these elements can be designed flexibly in the areas in which the cover layers lie directly on top of one another, in order to be adapted to different surfaces. These compressed areas can represent deliberately made kinks as well as predetermined breaking points.

The cover layers 23 are preferably made of the same material. There can also be combinations of materials. Due to the embodiment shown in Fig. 9c, the spirals 14 are held by positive locking.

An application example could be that each spiral body is recorded individually, as shown for example in FIGS . 9d and e, or combined in groups by an upper and lower cover layer. At least one of the cover layers consists, for example, of a selectively absorbing copper or aluminum absorber or else of a selectively coated composite film, for example an aluminum composite film, with a selective layer directed towards the sun, the selectively absorbing coating being made of black chrome, black nickel or, for example Titanium nitride oxide can exist. The cover layer used on the opposite side is advantageously impervious to the media flowing through it, but can be translucent, such as glass or transparent plastics, or else opaque. The spiral-shaped structural body constructed in this way, with the corresponding cover layers and the chambers formed by the spirals, can be used, for example, as an air collector when flowing through with air or as a conventional solar-thermal collector when flowing through with a liquid. This type of collector is particularly suitable for being operated in gravity mode.

In Fig. 9f shows a further alternative embodiment of the invention. For example, the cover layer, the spiral-shaped structural elements 14 and again a cover layer can first be inserted loosely in the pressing tool shown, in order then to achieve the desired shape in a pressing operation while simultaneously gluing or fusing the individual components.

A molding tool can also have any surface structure, at of both parts of a deformation in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction seen to the longitudinal axis of the at least one structural element can be provided. A three-dimensional deformation can thus be made possible.

Cover layers with different materials or with single or multi-layer structure can be used. Likewise, when using of different sized spiral cross sections that the different areas when pressing the final shape Have damping properties, since there are edge areas, which in have several spiral bodies at the same distance and such areas are given are that span a larger section.

FIG. 9 g shows a further alternative embodiment of a deformed composite component 21 to FIG. 9f. In this embodiment, deformation has taken place along the longitudinal axis of the structural elements 14 . This deformation is shown in FIG. 9f transverse to the longitudinal axis of the structural elements.

Referring to FIG. 10, the cross-sections of the spirals 14, and thus the thickness of the core structure 10 can also change in their longitudinal direction, so that the composite component 1 in the longitudinal direction of the spirals 14 may have a varying cross-section.

A softening of the matrix sealing temperature of the core structure 18 may also be used specifically in order to change the cross-section of the spirals under pressing pressure selectively, as shown in Fig. 11a and in cross section in Fig. 11b in a perspective view shown. This technique is called "crashed core" technique.

Spirals 14 without counterwinding behave limp in their longitudinal direction even when using stiff strips 15 . Because of this behavior, welded sandwich panels with a thermoplastic matrix according to FIG. 12 can easily be deformed in the longitudinal direction of the spirals 14 . It is necessary that the welding of the outer components 23 to the core structure 18 as well as the matrix of the outer components 23 is softened during the forming. In contrast, the matrix of the spirals 14 should not be softened, and it is advantageous if the matrix of the spirals 14 has a considerably higher melting temperature than the matrix of the outer components 23 or is thermoset. Such sandwich panels are also easily deformable transversely to the longitudinal axis of the spirals 14 if the spirals 14 of the core structure 18 cannot be welded or glued to one another or if this welding is released by softening during the shaping. If, as presupposed, the matrix of the spirals 14 itself is not significantly softened during the shaping, the cross-section of the composite components 21 will not be changed significantly during this shaping, even in the case of considerable three-dimensional shaping.

If a thermoplastic material with a very wide softening range is used as the matrix material for the strips 15 , the core structure 18 can be heated for welding to the outer components 23 to such an extent that it becomes plastic overall without collapsing. When the composite component 21 is pressed in a structured tool, core thicknesses which vary within wide ranges can then be realized by the core structure 18 being more or less compressed ( FIGS. 13a and 13b).

A complex core structure 18 can, for example, be produced from a single band section according to FIG. 14a. According to FIG. 14a, a band section 43 is locally slit (S) and structured according to FIG. 14b in an embossing tool or between two embossing rollers. In the case of component measurements that are not too large, the complete core structure 18 or, in the case of thick cores, at least one layer of the core structure 18 can be produced from a single strip blank 43 .

The object of the invention is not on individual exemplary embodiments limited. Rather, individual exemplary embodiments can also work with one another be combined. This also applies to individual characteristics in individual Examples, in turn, one or more times in any combination with others Individual components or embodiments can be combined.

Claims (37)

1. Structural element consisting of a band-shaped body made of Plastic with reinforcing fibers is provided and a spiral arrangement has, the band-shaped body after the formation of the spiral arrangement is deformable. 2. Structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the Reinforcing fibers are embedded in a thermoplastic matrix. 3. Structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the band-shaped body plastic, elastic, under pressure and / or under temperature is deformable. 4. Structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the body to a temperature below the softening or melting point is heatable and formable. 5. Structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral arrangement of the band-shaped body at a temperature above the softening or melting point is heatable and formable. 6. Structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the band-shaped body is discontinuously fiber-reinforced. 7. Structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the band-shaped body is at least simple in itself is twisted. 8. Structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the body with one or more other bodies is twisted together from the same or different materials. 9. Structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the band-shaped body has reinforcing fibers, which is aligned in the longitudinal direction of the body and preferably in shape are embedded by endless fiber rovings. 10. Structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the band-shaped body in the form of a winding tube or spirally slotted tube is formed. 11. Structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the band-shaped body is at least one electrically has conductive insert which is at least partially force, shape and / or materially embedded, which is preferably an electrical Head or is designed as carbon fiber. 12. Structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the band-shaped body is covered with an electrically insulating coating. 13. Structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that as plastics of the band-shaped body thermoplastics, especially polyamide, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polypropylene, Polyethylene, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyester, polysulfone, Polyester sulfone, polyetherimide, polyether ketones or also thermosetting resins, in particular epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, phenol or polyester resins are provided are. 14. Structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the ribbon-shaped body made of a hybrid yarn is. 15. Structural element according to claim 14, characterized in that the Hybrid yarn for shaping the band-shaped body by pre-consolidation, such as pulling through at least one nozzle or pulling over at least one deflection, preferably produced under the influence of temperature and is wrapped. 16. Structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the reinforcing fibers made of glass, aramid or Carbon fibers, metal fibers, ceramic fibers, cellulose fibers, jute fibers, Flax fibers, hemp fibers, sisal fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, Polyamide fibers, polyester fibers or the like are provided. 17. Composite component with a layer and at least one structural element thermoplastic, thermosetting or elastic material or with at least one structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one spiral structural element on the layer is provided. 18. Composite component according to claim 17, characterized in that the layer is formed in one or more layers. 19. Composite component according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that several spiral structural elements with the same or different distance from each other are arranged on the layer. 20. Composite component according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized characterized in that the spiral bodies touch each other or on their Touch points or contact surfaces are welded or glued. 21. Composite component according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized characterized in that the spiral structural elements are multilayered one above the other are stacked. 22. Structural element according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized characterized that at least one structural element between two Structural elements, which with the layer or with at least one other Structural element is positioned in connection with the cover layer. 23. Structural element according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized characterized in that at least one structural element is connected to the layer and optionally at least one further structural element on the layer and / or is connected to an adjacent structural element. 24. Composite component according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized characterized in that the layer is formed from a flat material which a flat or deformed geometry in at least one spatial dimension having. 25. Composite component according to one of claims 17 to 24, characterized characterized in that the layer of plastic, thermoplastic foams, Foams, wood, metal, non-metal, composite materials, textiles, nonwovens, Fabrics, lattice structures, or any combination thereof is provided. 26. Composite component according to one of claims 17 to 25, characterized that the layer one or more ribbon-shaped bodies individually, several together or at least partially surrounds all of them together. 27. Composite component according to one of claims 17 to 26, characterized characterized in that the layer at least in sections with at least one Structural element is connected. 28. Composite component according to one of claims 17 to 27, characterized characterized in that the layer is strip-shaped and individually or is arranged several times along one or more bodies. 29. Composite component according to claim 28, characterized in that a strip-shaped layer is formed spirally and at least one spiral-shaped structural element surrounds or that several strip-shaped layers contiguous and / or lying one above the other are provided, which connect several ribbon-shaped bodies in a spiral arrangement. 30. Composite component according to one of claims 17 to 29, characterized characterized that a second layer to form a sandwich construction is provided. 31. Composite component according to one of claims 17 to 30, characterized characterized in that the second layer of the same or different material is provided and is formed in one or more layers. 32. Composite component according to one of claims 17 to 31, characterized characterized in that an upper and lower layer is provided, through which the spiral-shaped bodies provided individually wrapped and several spiral-shaped Bodies are provided separately adjacent to each other. 33. Composite component according to claim 32, characterized in that the at least one layer surrounding the spiral body Touch points are connected to each other. 34. Method for producing a composite component according to at least one of the Claims 17 to 33, characterized in that the at least one Layer and the at least one structural element for producing the Composite according to the intended final shape of the composite component in contact brought, then a hot gas through the structural element is directed that at least the surfaces of the structural element and the Structural element facing surfaces of the layer for melting brings that the construction either before, but preferably after, the At the beginning of the melting process, pressure is placed on the Hot air supply switched off after the melting process and possibly replaced by a cooling air supply, and that the pressing pressure at preferably controlled travel at least to the full Solidification of the previously melted plastic is maintained. 35. Method for producing a composite component according to one or more of claims 17 to 33, characterized in that the layer and the Structural element for producing the composite according to the intended Final shape of the composite component are brought into contact, then a Solvent, preferably in vapor form, passed through the structural element that the surfaces of the structural element and the Structural element facing surfaces of the layers to dissolve that the Setup either before, but preferably after, the beginning of the Solution process is put under pressure, that then a gas through the Structural element is passed in which the solvent is taken up and that the pressing pressure is maintained at least until the previously loosened contact points between the structural element and the Layers are completely hardened again. 36. Method for producing a composite component according to one or more of claims 17 to 33 in two steps, wherein in a first step first a flat sandwich panel consisting of a structural element and layers applied on both sides by welding the Structural element is produced with the layers and in a second step this Plate after heating above the melting point of the welded joint formed in a press tool and then there under pressure cooled at least to below the solidification temperature of all materials is characterized in that as a matrix material for the Structural element is a thermoplastic of high melt viscosity is used by Melt with the matrix or the surface coating of the layers a welded joint is received that for the purpose of heating the Sandwich plate to a hot gas through the forming temperature Structural element is passed and that the thickness of the sandwich panel during the forming remains unchanged, reduced overall or according to the desired End geometry of the composite component is locally reduced, which Press tool is a die, the internal geometry of which is aimed Component geometry corresponds. 37. Method for producing a composite component according to one or more of claims 17 to 33 in two steps, wherein in a first step first a flat sandwich panel consisting of a structural element and layers applied on both sides by welding the Structural element is produced with the layers and in a second step this Plate after heating above the melting point of the welded joint Formed on a lower mold and then there under pressure is cooled down at least to below the solidification temperature of all materials, characterized in that the plastic flat tapes as Starting material for the structural elements made of thermoset or thermoplastic Plastic and a surface coating from one thermoplastic material wear that this thermoplastic material identical to or compatible with the core surface material of the Layers is that the softening temperature of the matrix material Plastic flat belts is higher than the melting temperature of the Surface coating and the matrix of the layers that for the purpose of heating a hot gas through the sandwich plate to the forming temperature Structural element is passed and that the sandwich panel after the Heat to a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the Matrix of the layers and the surface coating of the Plastic flat belts, but lower than the softening temperature of the matrix material Plastic flat strips, formed on the lower mold under a pressure is, the structural element only to a small extent and only elastic compressed.