DE102013205726A1 - Self-sufficient energy supply of a building, preferably a family home or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a hybrid vehicle as a combined heat and power plant and thus as a means for providing electrical energy and thermal energy for a building, e.g. B. house, wherein the hybrid vehicle is connected to the building via a connection device and via which the vehicle transfers the electrical energy to the electrical energy network of the building and the heat to the heating network, e.g. B. hot water network, heating circuit, etc. of the building.

Description

The invention relates to components and a system by means of which as far as possible a self-sufficient energy supply of a building, eg. B. a family home, can and should be achieved.

A look at history shows that over centuries buildings, such as As houses, were largely self-sufficient with energy, whether wood or coal or other fuels, anyway, these buildings were not yet regularly connected to an electricity grid or even gas, oil or district heating network more than 100 years ago.

So if someone needed energy in the house, especially heat energy, then he had to bring in the fuel himself for this or brought in and this was then burned at hearths in the building to ultimately use the heat.

With the progress of development, a large infrastructure has been set up, which in Europe, for example, supplies almost every building with an electricity connection and the connection to the electrical network, so that electrical power and thus electrical energy can be obtained at any time. In addition, a majority of buildings, especially in urban centers, are also connected to a gas network, so that gas from gas pipelines can be constantly supplied to use the energy in the gas, especially for heating purposes in the house.

Finally, in many cities also a district heating network has been built, to which many buildings and houses are connected, so that in particular the heat supply of these houses is characterized by a central heat energy generation and the heat via appropriate heat pipes to the consumers, ie to the houses, apartments etc ., can be delivered.

The thus grown infrastructure for energy supply of buildings, houses and the like, consisting of various lines such as electrical lines, gas lines and / or district heating pipes (in exceptional cases, oil pipes), not only requires considerable investment in infrastructure development, but makes the energy supply of buildings, houses and the like ultimately also dependent on the chosen infrastructure measure.

If, for example, a building is connected to a gas network, it can only use gas burners and thus gas heaters for the utilization of the gas, because only these are able to burn the gas and convert it into heat energy.

An existing example in the building oil burner is therefore useless in a gas supply.

Finally, the dependency is such that when the prices for the primary energy increase, e.g. B. the price of electricity or gas, the building owner or the building users of this price increase is ultimately delivered without alternative, unless he is able to significantly reduce its energy consumption, thus successfully avoiding a cost increase for the maintenance of the building ,

However, as far as this is not possible, an increase in the price of the gas will ultimately lead to an increase in the energy costs of the building and the market situation for the primary energy sources is difficult because of the building owner or his user, because he ultimately only a limited possibility has to change the energy provider or the supplier for the supply of energy. Although this is possible in principle, it does not lead to the situation that a large number of millions of consumers are confronted with very few energy suppliers and thus energy sellers. In addition, the durchzusetzende in a provider change savings is often relatively low, so that a change of providers hardly worth it and each provider change brings for the user of the building also always uncertainty with whether the energy supply for the future is guaranteed.

Thus, the invention pursues the goal of reducing the dependency of the user or the dependence of the building on the existing energy supply infrastructure and thus make a substantial contribution to increasing the self-sufficient energy supply of the building.

In this context, it is already known, the building with cogeneration units (CHP), z. B. oil-fed (palm oil) or gas-powered cogeneration plants provide, with which both heat and electricity can be produced, which are then used directly in the building or, if too much electricity is produced, feed the electricity into the electrical supply network and thus turning the building from the electrical grid view into an energy generator.

There are a variety of types and forms of cogeneration known, including those that renewable raw materials as well as synthetic methane, hydrogen, wood, wood pellets, etc., and alternative fuels to the classic fuels such as fuel oil or natural gas (city gas) process.

Finally, in addition to the combined heat and power plants (CHP) various forms of mini CHP as well as micro-CHP (combined heat and power) technologies and devices are known, which pursue the goal as described, by using alternative energy sources (namely, alternatives to petroleum / Fuel oil / natural gas) to use other energy sources to generate heat and electricity, which can then be used in the building or in neighboring buildings.

Object of the present invention is to significantly improve these previous solutions again, in particular to reduce the investment in a combined heat and power plant or the like.

The object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments are described in the subclaims.

According to claim 1, it is proposed to use a vehicle with a hybrid drive as a combined heat and power plant for heat and power supply for a building.

Vehicles with hybrid drive are already known. Such hybrid vehicles in the form of hybrid electric vehicles have individual motors that can work together differently and these drives can act individually or simultaneously on the part of the vehicle to be moved, thus providing the desired driving performance. A hybrid vehicle according to the present invention is z. B. also such with a bivalent drive, so a vehicle in which the drives are able to burn two different fuels in an engine, eg. As gasoline / super gasoline on the one hand and gas, z. As natural gas, biogas, LPG or hydrogen, on the other hand.

A hybrid vehicle also often has two energy converters, e.g. As an internal combustion engine on the one hand and an electric motor on the other hand, thus in the desired manner, namely once by energy conversion of fuels by combustion the necessary direct drive energy or by conversion into electrical energy to provide the necessary drive energy by electrical energy. Therefore, hybrid drives also have an energy storage, z. As an accumulator and / or fuel tank (gas / gas tank).

A variety of variants of hybrid drives is also conceivable.

Crucial in a hybrid vehicle is that it is by the combustion of fuel and thus by the implementation of the fuel capable of not only driving energy for the vehicle, but also electrical energy for electrical power to the vehicle and heat energy, which in the operation of the vehicle anyway always and always must be cooled down, to provide.

In the invention, no significant difference between full hybrid vehicles on the one hand and mild hybrid vehicles on the other hand should be made. A full hybrid vehicle is characterized in that each of the two forms of propulsion alone can drive the vehicle and both engines, for. For example, an electric motor on the one hand and an internal combustion engine (eg, supplied with gas or gasoline or the like) on the other hand, can work individually or together. This means that the vehicle can only be driven simultaneously with the combustion engine, only with the electric motor or with its two systems. Depending on the pairing state, this results in clear advantages over the driving dynamics and consumption behavior.

For example, the electric hybrid can completely replace the internal combustion engine under unfavorable power conditions or support it during start-up or acceleration. This results in significantly lower fuel consumption, noticeably improved driving dynamics and overall more efficient driving with the usual driving style. Here, the full hybrid unfolds its highest effectiveness, especially in city traffic with frequent partial load.

The mild hybrid only supports the internal combustion engine in certain driving situations, but it can not only sustain the vehicle drive in part. Thus, the mild hybrid is only used to support the internal combustion engine and above all provides for the saving of fuel, since the support of the internal combustion engine bridges above all unfavorable power conditions.

In addition to these two aforementioned basic variants, the so-called micro-hybrid is often also used. This variant with a rather low-power electric auxiliary engine is preferably installed as a start-stop system, but still saves up to 15% fuel in city traffic. It is also known to provide a corresponding accumulator in the vehicle for the provision of electrical energy, in which a certain amount, an electrical power or electrical energy is stored and is also known, hydrogen and gas (methane) and the like in a fuel cell to use, so as to provide electrical energy available.

If such a hybrid vehicle is stationary and the engine is running, logically, no energy for the propulsion, ie for driving the vehicle, applied, but the vehicle is virtually idle and can consume the energy that it generates either in the electrical systems of the vehicle (eg windows, radio, air conditioning, etc.) or (if no fuel cell drive is present, the internal combustion engine is regularly coupled via a generator (alternator) and thus can always and constantly generate electrical energy) store the electrical energy generated in a memory, ie a battery, a rechargeable battery or the like.

At the same time, while running the internal combustion engine which burns gasoline, gas or the like, heat is also constantly generated and this heat has to be dissipated by the operation of the vehicle radiator.

The invention now first of all makes use of the basic knowledge that such a hybrid vehicle can ultimately also provide certain basic functions of a combined heat and power plant, namely the supply of heat on the one hand and of electrical energy on the other hand. Thus, the invention primarily pursues the goal of the previously existing stationary CHP by a mobile CHP, for example by a conventional vehicle, for. As cars, truck transporters or the like to replace.

Preferably, therefore, the building, which is to be supplied with energy, provided with a connection which corresponds to a corresponding connection (counterpart) of the vehicle according to the invention, thus the heat from the vehicle in the heat cycle of the building as well as the electrical energy, which generates the vehicle to couple into the electrical network of the building, in the building in case of need still necessary technical facilities, such. As converters, inverters or the like, are present to convert the electrical energy from the DC to corresponding AC predetermined frequency (50 Hz) and voltage (230 V).

It is further preferred that also in the building, a buffer memory may be formed, for. B. in the form of a hot water tank (eg 2,000 liters), so that when the vehicle is just not available as an energy source because of its purpose as a vehicle, there is still enough heat to the entire building in the desired manner and To supply with hot water, either for the heating system or as process water (shower, kitchen, etc.). Such hot water tanks are already known and already installed in the vast majority of buildings, namely always where also heating systems are available, which are operated in a conventional manner so far with oil or gas, because these buffers are used so that the burner does not have to run constantly but a certain amount of heat energy can be cached constantly and thus is also constantly available.

Optionally, it is of course equally possible to provide an electrical storage in the building, so that when the mobile CHP (= vehicle according to the invention) is not available, nor enough electrical energy for electrical supply of the building is available. Many accumulator solutions are known as such and it is also known to convert the energy from such accumulators in a desired frequency and voltage, so as to make them available to most electrical consumers (AC consumers).

It is also possible that the building is equipped with a photovoltaic system or solar system or the like, so that by means of this solar system on the one hand heat can be generated or if the solar system is designed in the form of a photovoltaic system, and electrical power can be generated, which in turn the consumers in the building can be made available directly, but also, as far as this energy is not needed immediately in the building, can be cached, namely in the described buffers, memories, accumulators or the like.

In the invention, it is also possible that the building according to the invention continues with the usual energy supply infrastructure, eg. B. an electrical connection is connected. However, the invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the energy consumption from the previously known, conventional energy infrastructure, and thus the operator and the user of the building can make their energy use independent of the existing energy infrastructure as far as possible.

As an automobile for a building owner, z. B. for a single-family owner, has been purchased regularly anyway, and since such an automobile is regularly not more than one to two hours a day used for driving, so is such an automobile during the rest of the day so far completely useless in a garage, under a carport or the like. With the invention is now possible that the car is used beyond its hitherto described useless function as an active member for power supply and to improve the self-sufficient energy supply of a building, a family house or the like, and thus the investment in a commonly known, stationary combined heat and power plant Buildings eliminated.

The invention is also based on the consideration that the maintenance of cogeneration units of any kind is relatively expensive, because there are initially not as many combined heat and power plants as automobiles and the maintenance staff for cogeneration plants must come to the building regularly to maintain the cogeneration plant, so that the Repair and maintenance costs are relatively high and often only a few maintenance personnel is available anyway.

This situation is quite different when an automobile, as proposed according to the invention, is used as a combined heat and power plant.

For automobiles, there is an extensive infrastructure for their repair and maintenance, and there are garages in the immediate vicinity, so that if anything goes wrong on an automobile or the hybrid drive of the automobile, maintenance can be done very quickly at any time, especially since there are a far greater number of car mechanics than persons who can repair a combined heat and power plant.

Finally, a car also already carries all the diagnostic means on board, with which the correct operation of the internal combustion engine or the like is always observed and in the event that deviations from the set mode of operation are detected, this is the vehicle owner regularly displayed on the dashboard or on a display so that he can then immediately go to a workshop in which the complaint displayed can be checked and, if necessary, also corrected.

The invention thus not only saves the purchase of a conventional cogeneration plant for a building, but also significantly reduces its operating costs, and this is all the more true for the costs of maintenance and service.

At the same time the usual mobility function of the vehicle is maintained, so it can be used as usual as a vehicle to bring someone from location A to location B.

For the implementation of the invention, it is advantageous if in the garage, in the carport, etc. of the building according to the invention, a connection is provided, which can be coupled with a corresponding connection of the vehicle, thus fuel, for. As gas to supply the car, so that the car can also be operated with the gas provided from the building and not only relies on its on-board gas storage and its level.

In any case, it is desirable that the automobile owner has a data interface with which he can pretend to the automobile, up to what amount of energy the energy storage of the car must not be touched, so that the car owner the vehicle at any time for a predetermined by himself minimum distance still can use.

The connection device, which ultimately connects the building to the vehicle mechanically, but must also be able to integrate the entire vehicle, namely its heat cycle in the heat cycle of the building, this can be done by a supply line from the house in the Vehicle is coupled and the vehicle itself then a return line is in turn coupled into the house, so that cold water, which is pumped through the flow line in the vehicle can flow back as heated by this vehicle engine water back into the house.

Also, the terminal should be able to receive the corresponding power line means, so that power generated by the generator (alternator) of the vehicle can be coupled into the in-house power grid and preferably in-house inverters or inverters are configured with where the current coming from the vehicle is converted and transformed to the desired frequency and voltage.

Finally, the coupling means should also be able to provide for a corresponding bidirectional data communication between the building and the vehicle, so that, for example, a specific energy requirement of the building, eg. B. "provide 3 kW heat output, 2 kW electrical power", even in the vehicle itself can be implemented control technology, namely to the effect that the engine of the hybrid car provides sufficient energy (power) at all available and also for the desired distribution between heat energy on the one hand and electrical energy on the other hand.

If, for example, an increased power output is desired after the above-described case, this is communicated to the vehicle via the communication point. There, this increased power requirement is converted into a corresponding control signal, so that the engine z. B. a different amount of fuel is supplied or the engine is running at a higher speed, so that then the desired higher power can also be delivered by the engine and, if necessary, a corresponding signal from the vehicle to a data communication device in the building returned to document the entire generation, to store (in a separate electrical data storage) or to give corresponding data about the generated power or energy of the vehicle to an energy meter (electricity meter, heat meter, etc.) in the building.

Should the vehicle have any malfunction and, for example, no longer be able to provide its combined heat and power plant operation, this can also be forwarded via the communication line as a message to the house and displayed acoustically or visually, so that the building owner can look in time for an alternative or the vehicle immediately to a maintenance or repair workshop.

Above all, a communication device in the building is also required in order to ultimately carry out the energy management of the building in the desired manner, so that the various generation devices such as solar device, photovoltaic device (PV system), heat pump, heating system etc. with the existing storage (hot water tank , Accumulator, etc.) and the relevant consumption within the building (eg for light, electric stove, shower, hot water, television etc.) as well as the generation management of the mobile combined heat and power plant (vehicle).

For the entire control, a data processing device is preferably provided, which is arranged in the building and which is able to drive the desired generation modes and this, for example, after a certain prioritization.

For example, if a PV system is present in the building and the sun is shining, the electrical energy of the photovoltaic system is used as a priority to supply the building with electrical energy and only with second priority is electrical energy demanded from the combined heat and power plant, namely only when the electrical energy of the photovoltaic system is no longer sufficient to supply the building with electrical energy and from the CHP is then supplied to the PV system supplemental amount of energy.

To supply the building with electrical energy also includes the management of the memory so that it can be automatically decided by means of the data processing device, whether and how much electrical energy is generated by the photovoltaic system beyond the vehicle CHP to store them in the accumulator.

Is in the building a heat pump, z. As an air source heat pump, so this air source heat pump or their operation can also be used to generate by consumption of electrical energy ultimately heat for the building, so that this air heat pump is also a controllable consumer for the building, anyway, the reference controlled by electrical energy of the air heat pump and this in turn requires a power curve and therefore a decision in the data processing device, how much electrical energy to be generated by all producers, including the CHP vehicle, and how much electrical energy is consumed. The same applies to the consumption of heat and the provision, ie the production of heat with the inclusion of existing storage reserves.

As state of the art is generally on DE 10 2012 103 081 such as DE 10 2008 037 574 pointed.

If the hybrid vehicle burns hydrogen in its internal combustion engine, the vehicle will generate water at its "exhaust" on the output side, which then has to be dissipated in the garage.

However, if the hybrid vehicle is using ordinary gas, e.g. As LPG, methane gas, natural gas or the like consumed, so it generates when it is in the garage of the building, exhaust gases and according to the invention is also provided that these exhaust gases from the exhaust from the garage space are safely dissipated outside, so that a spread of these gases in the garage space is prevented. This derivation of the exhaust gases can also be done by a line that is formed on the connection device between the car and garage and it may also be possible that the exhaust air, which is regularly very warm, still gives off residual heat energy to the existing water pipes there, in particular to the flow line whose water is usually much colder than the temperature of the exhaust air of the engine so that so that once again the efficiency of the entire system can be increased.

Thus, in one variant, therefore, the connection or the interface of the automobile could be designed so that it receives both the supply line and the return line and a communication line as well as the exhaust air and electricity can be transmitted, depending on which direction this is desired. This has the advantage that so far, the connection infrastructure is kept simple and not a variety of pipes, wires or cables is needed to make the desired connections between the building and the vehicle, so this the Function of a mobile combined heat and power plant can have.

About the connection device can, as already mentioned, the fuel for the combined heat and power plant are provided by the building for the vehicle, if this example, gas, eg. As biogas, LPG, city gas or the like, the provision is thus made by a gas line, which is formed in the connection device.

The invention is illustrated by means of an accompanying sketch, which explains itself.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Hybrid vehicle,

2

Hybrid drive, z. B. internal combustion engine for the combustion of gas (hydrogen, biogas, LPG, natural gas, methane gas and the like),

3

electric battery of the hybrid vehicle,

4

Connecting the hybrid vehicle to the building,

5

Connecting device for connecting the building to the vehicle (4),

6

Converters and possibly transformers for converting direct current into alternating current with 50 Hz and 230 (400) V,

7

Solar device, namely photovoltaic device, on the roof of the building,

8th

Air Heat Pump (WWK),

9

central data processing and control device of the building for controlling the entire system,

10

Electric stove (as a typical building consumer),

11

Counter device for counting the energy purchase from a conventional energy infrastructure, eg. B. electricity meter, gas meter, hot water meter or the like,

12

House connection of the building to a conventional energy infrastructure,

13

Gas tank, z. For biogas, hydrogen, natural gas or the like,

14

Hot water tank, z. B. 2,000 liter storage tank (maximum temperature 85 ° C),

15

Floor or wall heating as another controllable consumer.

All controllable devices are connected to the DV system ( 9 ) connected.

Another electrical storage in the building, z. As a larger accumulator is not shown, but can be verified in the building to store electrical energy that is currently not needed, but will be needed later, if no electric generator is available or too little electrical generation is available.

With the invention so the usual mobility can be maintained and the purchased vehicle in the active energy supply, in particular in the supply of the building with hot water and electricity, are involved, so that the total investment costs as well as the cost of operation and maintenance of Significantly reduce energy supply and at the same time the maintenance and service costs for the combined heat and power plant are significantly reduced.

Another prior art is to the documents WO 02/074573 . US 5,642,270 . US 6,17,691 . US 2003/0059654 such as DE 197 22 644 directed. The technologies disclosed in these references are well known to those skilled in the art and, in particular, the prior art shows how, by means of a gas supply to an automobile, electrical power can be fed back into a building via a variety of routes, through various connection technologies and the like, whether as DC or DC if an inverter is already present in the vehicle, also equal to alternating current (AC voltage) at the voltage level of a building and with the desired frequency (50 Hz).

According to the invention, it is also proposed that a measuring device, by means of which it is determined how much gas which is then fed to the hybrid drive, is taken from the domestic connection and how much thermal energy or electrical energy is generated by the vehicle and delivered to the building. If such a measuring device is formed in the vehicle, there is also the possibility that the vehicle docks to buildings other than the family house described so that the vehicle can be provided if necessary, also electrical and thermal energy for other buildings and through the measuring equipment in the vehicle can then be provided for a proper verification and billing for such services.

As far as in the present application of the bidirectional communication between building and vehicle is mentioned, it does not necessarily have to be wired, but can also be done wirelessly, for example via Bluetooth, WLAN or other technologies.

If the vehicle according to the invention is accommodated for its CHP operation in a garage of the building, then it is also proposed that measuring devices are formed in the garage and / or in the vehicle with which the air quality in the garage or in the vehicle is measured and finally are also warning devices in the garage and / or in the vehicle (such a warning device in the vehicle is already in the form of z. a horn formed) which generates a warning signal, be it in optical and / or acoustic or other manner (eg warning on a screen in the building), if a certain air quality can no longer be met or if certain parameters, which are measured in the air, fall below a certain value (eg when the oxygen value falls below a certain value) or exceed (in particular for nitrogen). In any case, it must be ensured that the person who wants to use the vehicle does not come into the garage and suffers serious damage to health if the available air contains too little oxygen and too much nitrogen or with other toxic gases (eg carbon monoxide) is charged.

It can also be provided that, when the measured air quality in the garage falls below a certain value, depending on the measured values automatically a venting of the garage takes place, for. B. by the garage door opens automatically. In such a case, therefore, the air measuring device in conjunction with an evaluation and control device would ensure that the garage door or its drive is automatically caused to open.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102012103081 [0053]
• DE 102008037574 [0053]
• WO 02/074573 [0062]
• US 5642270 [0062]
• US 617691 [0062]
• US 2003/0059654 [0062]
• DE 19722644 [0062]

Claims (5)

Using a hybrid vehicle as a combined heat and power plant and thus as a means for providing electrical energy and thermal energy for a building, eg. B. House, wherein the hybrid vehicle is connected via a connection device with the building and via which the vehicle, the electrical energy in the electrical energy network of the building and the heat in the heating network, for. B. hot water, heating circuit etc. of the building gives. System for improving the share of self-sufficient energy supply in the general energy supply of a building, the building having a network for distributing electrical energy and electrical consumers, and finally a network for distributing heat, e.g. B. has a hot water circuit, and corresponding consumers for the heat and the building having control devices with which the consumers are controllable and wherein the building has a connection device to which a hybrid vehicle can be connected, which generates electrical energy as well as thermal energy during operation of the hybrid drive and this via the connection between the vehicle and building in the power distribution network, ie in the heating network on the one hand and the electrical network on the other of the building. System according to claim 2, characterized in that via the connection between the building and the vehicle fuel for the operation of the hybrid drive, for. As LPG, biogas or the like, can be introduced into the vehicle. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building is a solar device, for. As a photovoltaic device, which generates electrical energy during operation, which, when it is not consumed in the building, is used to gas, for. As hydrogen or methane gas or the like, which can then be used at a later date in case of need to operate the drive and thus the mobile combined heat and power plant. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a central data and control device is present in the building, by means of the consumption of individual consumers in the building as well as the setting of individual producers in the building as well as the vehicle is adjustable and can also be recorded.

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