DE102013200102A1 - Charging station with emergency mode, method for operating a charging station and electric car - Google Patents

Abstract

A charging station (12) is explained: - with a control unit (20), - with a detection unit for detecting the failure of a supply voltage of a power supply network (24), the detection unit being coupled to the control unit (20), - and with a transmission unit for Sending a message or a signal to an electrical transport means (14), wherein the transmission unit is coupled to the control unit (20) and wherein the message or signal is a supply of electrical energy from a traction battery of the transport means (14) to the charging station ( 12) concerns.

Description

The invention relates to a charging station with emergency mode, a method for operating a charging station and an electric transport. The electric transport is, for example, an electrically driven land vehicle, aircraft or watercraft, which is connected to the charging station via a charging cable, inductively or otherwise.

• – mit einer Steuereinheit,
• – mit einer Erfassungseinheit zum Erfassen des Ausfalls einer Versorgungsspannung eines Energieversorgungsnetzes, wobei die Erfassungseinheit an die Steuereinheit gekoppelt ist,
• – und mit einer Sendeeinheit zum Senden einer Nachricht oder eines Signals an ein Elektro-Transportmittel, wobei die Sendeeinheit an die Steuereinheit gekoppelt ist und wobei die Nachricht oder das Signal ein Liefern von elektrischer Energie aus einem Akku des Transportmittels zu der Ladestation betrifft.

The invention relates to a charging station:

• - with a control unit,
• With a detection unit for detecting the failure of a supply voltage of a power supply network, wherein the detection unit is coupled to the control unit,
• - And with a transmitting unit for transmitting a message or a signal to an electric transport, wherein the transmitting unit is coupled to the control unit and wherein the message or the signal relates to a supply of electrical energy from a battery of the transport means to the charging station.

The invention further relates to a method for operating a charging station, in which, in an emergency mode, a charging station or both a charging station and a building is or are supplied with electrical energy by an electric transport.

• – mit einer Empfangseinheit, die Nachrichten oder Signale von einer Ladestation empfangen kann,
• – mit einer Schalteinheit, die eine Betriebsart ermöglicht, in der von einem Akkumulator des Transportmittels elektrische Energie an eine externe Einheit, insbesondere an eine Ladestation, geliefert wird,
• – und mit einer Steuereinheit, die eingangsseitig mit der Empfangseinheit und ausgangsseitig mit der Schalteinheit verbunden ist.

Also, the invention relates to an electric transport:

• With a receiving unit that can receive messages or signals from a charging station,
• - With a switching unit, which allows a mode in which is supplied by an accumulator of the transport electrical energy to an external unit, in particular to a charging station,
• - And with a control unit, the input side is connected to the receiving unit and the output side with the switching unit.

It is an object of a development of the invention to provide a simply constructed charging station which in particular allows an emergency operation. In addition, an associated method and an associated electric transport are to be specified.

The task related to the charging station is achieved by a charging station according to claim 1. In addition, the object related to a method is solved by a method according to the independent method claim. The transport-related object is achieved by a means of transport according to the independent claim. Further developments are specified for the charging station, the method and the means of transport in the subclaims.

• – eine Steuereinheit,
• – eine Erfassungseinheit zum Erfassen des Ausfalls einer Versorgungsspannung eines Energieversorgungsnetzes, wobei die Erfassungseinheit an die Steuereinheit gekoppelt ist,
• – und eine Sendeeinheit zum Senden einer Nachricht oder eines Signals an ein Elektro-Transportmittel, wobei die Sendeeinheit an die Steuereinheit gekoppelt ist und

wobei vorzugsweise die Nachricht oder das Signal ein Liefern von elektrischer Energie aus einem Akku, insbesondere einem Traktionsakku, des Transportmittels zu der Ladestation betrifft.The charging station can contain:

• A control unit,
• A detection unit for detecting the failure of a supply voltage of a power supply network, wherein the detection unit is coupled to the control unit,
• - And a transmitting unit for sending a message or a signal to an electric transport, wherein the transmitting unit is coupled to the control unit and

wherein preferably the message or the signal relates to a supply of electrical energy from a battery, in particular a traction battery, the means of transport to the charging station.

The charging station may be a charging station, a wall box or a similar device suitable for charging, for example, supplemented by a billing and / or payment system or an access control.

The charging station may allow a DC charging, for example, a fast charging in times shorter than 30 minutes, and / or an AC charging, which may take several hours, for example.

The charging can be done with a cable, d. H. conductive, with coils, d. H. inductively or otherwise.

The control unit is, for example, a microprocessor or a microcontroller containing a processor and peripheral units. The processor processes program instructions stored in electronic memory. Alternatively, a controller may be used which does not include a processor, e.g. B. a state machine z. B. in an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), is realized.

The detection unit may be a voltage sensor, a current sensor or another sensor. The term "coupled" refers in particular to an electrically conductive connection or a data transmission connection. The data transmission can be wired, fiber-bound or via radio.

The transmitting unit may include a pulse width modulation unit. It can also be used a power line communication, d. H. a transmission via a power supply. Alternatively, the transmitting unit can also transmit via radio.

The message or signal may prepare the power transmission for emergency operation, e.g. B. the charging station signals that they are for a Emergency operation is suitable, which can be noted in the means of transport. Alternatively, the message or the signal to initiate or effect the energy transfer for emergency operation directly, for example. When the power supply has just failed, and the charging station, for example. For a short time, z. B. for less than 10 minutes or for less than a minute, is supplied by a buffer unit, for example. By an internal battery of the charging station or a capacitor (SuperCap, GoldCap).

The signal or message indicating that the charging station is suitable for emergency operation may be specified, for example, in an international standard. Alternatively, a company-specific or proprietary signaling or message is used. Of importance here are the standards IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) 61439, DIN German Industrial Standard) EN (Euronarm) 61851, z. Eg DIN EN 61851-22, IEC 62196 etc. be.

The electric transport may be an electric car, an electric truck, an electric plane, an electric boat or an electric ship. The electric transport may also contain a combustion drive or another drive in addition to the electric drive, so that it is a hybrid means of transport. But smaller means of transport can enable emergency operation, z. B. electric scooter, electric motorcycle, or electric bicycle.

The battery is more accurately referred to as an accumulator. Colloquially, one speaks of a battery or a rechargeable battery. The battery can contain a large number of cells, each of which, in the fully charged state, generates a galvanic voltage which can be derived from the voltage series and which, for example, is less than 5 volts.

Many cells can be connected in series, so that output voltages of several 100 volts arise, which are suitable for driving an electric motor of suitable power and thus to drive the means of transport. Typical voltages are in the range of 400 volts to 800 volts.

Thus, the charging station can ensure emergency operation even without a large own buffer battery or without a large own backup battery or without own buffer battery or without its own backup battery.

A functioning in emergency operation charging station may be a prerequisite for a Notenergieversorgung system of a building. The emergency power supply system may be based on the use of the battery of a means of transport or even on the use of the batteries of several means of transport for the emergency energy supply of the building. At least this use can be an essential part of the emergency energy supply system, for example at least 20 percent of the maximum energy required.

The charging station may include an AC DC converter that can charge a rechargeable battery of the means of transport. The AC DC converter can be a bidirectional converter. Alternatively, the charging station may include a DC AC converter with a power greater than 1 kilowatt, greater than 5 kilowatts, or greater than 10 kilowatts. This may be a DC charging station, in which a mains AC voltage is converted into a DC charging voltage in the charging mode, which can be applied directly to the traction battery of the transport.

In emergency mode, the battery voltage is applied to a DC AC converter in the charging station.

An AC to DC converter is an alternating current to direct current converter, which also applies to the voltages, i. H. AC voltage to DC voltage. A DC AC converter converts DC voltage into AC voltage.

The transducers may include electronic power switching elements, particularly on a semiconductor basis, e.g. B. switching transistors (FET, MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) o. Ä.). Bidirectional means that the converter generates an AC voltage or an AC voltage depending on the control of the switching element either from an AC voltage.

The charging station may also include two power converters instead of a bidirectional converter, i. H. an AC to DC converter and a DC to AC converter.

The converter is thus located at a DC charging station in the charging station itself and can thus be controlled by the control unit in a simple manner. In the transport means no converter is required for the DC charging or for the supply of electrical energy on the basis of DC voltage to external consumers.

The DC AC power converter can be used for emergency power supply of the charging station and / or consumers, which are not housed in the housing of the charging station, z. B. for the emergency power supply of a building.

The charging station can be a DC to AC converter or a DC to DC converter or an AC to DC AC Converter included, which has a power less than 1 kilowatt, and is preferably connected to the charging port for the means of transport.

The DC AC converter can be used for the emergency power supply of the charging station itself, z. B. the control unit and the transmitting unit.

Thus, two DC AC converters may be present in the charging station, i. H. a high power DC AC converter and a low power DC AC converter.

In particular, AC DC AC converters are also used in which a DC link voltage is generated. The DC link is also suitable for direct application of a DC voltage. The AC DC AC converter can then be used both in normal operation and in emergency operation for the supply of the control unit of the charging station and possibly other units.

The bidirectionally operating AC DC converter can not operate mains-controlled in the DC AC operating mode, ie. H. allow a so-called island operation. Alternatively, the DC AC converter with a power greater than 1 kilowatt, greater than 5 kilowatts or greater than 10 kilowatts can not operate on the mains. The island operation may be required if there is no pilot signal for a grid-controlled feed in emergency operation.

If several charging station operated in emergency mode in the composite, for example. By parallel switching of charging stations, it must first only one of the converter work independently of the mains. The other converters can then synchronize to this converter.

It is also possible to use inverters with an internal frequency generator, which can operate both mains-based and non-network-controlled, see, for example, Studer inverters.

The charging station can pass an incoming alternating current to the means of transport and thus can not contain a power converter. Thus, when charging an AC voltage from the charging station to the means of transport can be transferred unchanged. In the reverse direction, an alternating voltage can be transmitted from the means of transport to the charging station and possibly further to a building in the emergency mode.

If the charging station itself does not contain a power converter, the means of transport may include an AC-DC converter, for example a bidirectionally operating AC-DC converter, which in the DC-AC operating mode can preferably again not be network-operated.

Alternatively, a separate DC AC converter can be present in the means of transport, which works only unidirectionally and is used for an infeed or for an emergency operation. Also, this unidirectional DC AC converter can, for example, not network-guided or network-controlled work, in particular either. For emergency operation of the charging station, the non-mains-powered DC AC converter can be used, at least as long as no other vehicle supplies electrical energy to the charging station.

Inverters or converters with internal frequency generators can also be used in the vehicle, which are both network-driven and non-network-driven, ie. H. In island operation can feed, see, for example, inverters of the company Studer or other suppliers.

The vehicle can also supply a small AC voltage. As a result, damage to the charging stations can be reduced or eliminated. The small AC voltage may be sufficient for an emergency operation of the charging station.

The control unit may be connected to a separation unit with which the charging station can be disconnected from the power supply network. The separation unit differs in particular from a voltage converter.

By separating unit can be ensured that there are no unwanted repercussions on electrical systems when supplying the electrical energy from the transport to the charging station, which are not operated directly at the charging station.

The disconnect unit also allows defined operation on power recovery after a power failure. Thus, the separation unit can be turned on by service employees or automatically, if, for example, it is ensured that no more energy is transmitted from the transport to the charging station.

Furthermore, the disconnecting unit allows an inverter to have a comparatively large resistance at its output so that it operates properly. This would not be the case with a short circuit or a short-circuit-like resistance.

The detection unit can be arranged behind the separation unit when viewed from the charging station. In this way, the voltage return can be detected in a simple way.

• – die Steuereinheit,
• – die Sendeeinheit,
• – eine Beleuchtungseinheit zum Beleuchten der Umgebung der Ladestation,
• – eine Beleuchtungseinheit zum Beleuchten einer Anzeigeeinheit der Ladestation, insbesondere eine Hintergrundbeleuchtung,
• – eine Verriegelungseinheit und/oder eine Entriegelungseinheit für eine Anschlussvorrichtung eines Ladekabels,
• – eine Kühleinheit der Elektronik der Ladestation, insbesondere ein Lüfter,
• – eine Notrufeinheit.

The charging station may contain a separate power supply, z. B. a low voltage network, which feeds at least one, at least two, at least three or all of the following units:

• - the control unit,
• The transmitting unit,
• A lighting unit for illuminating the surroundings of the charging station,
• A lighting unit for illuminating a display unit of the charging station, in particular a backlight,
• A locking unit and / or an unlocking unit for a connection device of a charging cable,
• A cooling unit of the electronics of the charging station, in particular a fan,
• - an emergency call unit.

The low voltage can in particular be less than 50 volts. The low voltage may be a DC voltage or an AC voltage. Many components of automation technology or building services work, for example, with 24 volts AC, see, for example, Siemens SIEMATIC.

The lighting unit for illuminating the environment of the charging station can, for. B. be a lamp, an LED, in particular a high-power LED (Light Emitting Device), or multiple LEDs, d. H. This lighting can be different from a display element of the charging station, such as a display, with the operating states of the charging station can be displayed.

Cooling units, such as fans, are used particularly in fast charging stations, i. H. when DC charging. Cooling is also important in an emergency operation in order to avoid destruction of the electronic components due to accumulating heat, in particular of the power components. In particular, components that are no longer used in emergency mode can be post-cooled, which, for example, have just been used for loading shortly before in normal operation.

The emergency call unit can be used, for example, in multi-storey car parks. It may in particular be an in-house emergency call, which takes place, for example, via lines.

The charging station can be interconnected with at least one additional charging station in emergency mode in the energy network. As long as a means of transport is still connected to a charging station, all charging stations and the devices connected to them can work in emergency mode. Charging station users could also connect their vehicle in emergency mode, whereby charging takes place automatically when the voltage returns. Also, the vehicle can be removed from the charging station, which continue, for example, can be paid properly or a proper logout can be done.

Preferably, at least one charging station can be defined, which does not supply mains power in emergency mode. Alternatively, a method may be defined to determine such a charging station.

When using suitable inverters in the charging station or in the vehicles, the run-up of the network in emergency mode can also work without previous collusion, for example if the first inverter is not network-controlled and the other inverters of charging stations or means of transport are then connected to the grid.

For example, an entire building can be supplied with emergency power from a network, for example a building with more than five floors or a single-family house, a terraced house or a semi-detached house.

The composite may include at least one DC charging station and at least one AC charging station.

The charging station may be connected to a data transmission network of a building management system, wherein in emergency operation, the building management system includes the charging stations in the energy supply of the building, in particular in an emergency lighting and / or emergency call system and / or emergency ventilation. Such a building management system is, for example, the building management system design of the company Siemens.

The building management system can detect all electrical energy sources present in emergency mode, ie. H. z. As emergency power batteries, emergency diesel generators, batteries in vehicles, etc. Then the building management system, for example. Selective access to these sources of energy, for example, taking into account temporal priorities and / or consumer priorities. Possibly. The building management system can also cause a suitable segmentation of the energy supply network of the building.

Building management systems can use standardized bus systems such as KNX Konnex), BacNet (Building Automation and Control Network), LonTalk (Local Operating Network), Ethernet or Radio etc.

• – Raumheizungen,
• – Lüftung,
• – Beleuchtung,
• – Jalousien,
• – Warmwasser.

Building management system are used to control the facilities of a building, in particular at least one, at least two or all of the following facilities,

• - space heaters,
• - ventilation,
• - lighting,
• - blinds,
• - hot water.

In one embodiment, the building is a venue for more than 100 people for more than 500 people or for more than 1000 people. With increasing size, stricter legal requirements for emergency supply systems have to be met. The building can be, for example, a theater, a cinema, a nightclub or similar. But other buildings in which many people can use the emergency operating system, z. As a hospital, in particular emergency power supply of operating rooms, a multi-storey office building or a skyscraper, z. B. with more than 10 floors.

But even in private homes emergency care can be used, eg. B. for the operation of the refrigerator and / or a freezer and / or emergency lighting. Again, a house building management system can be involved.

In a method for operating a charging station, in particular a charging station according to one of the preceding claims, in an emergency operating mode, a charging station or both a charging station and a building can be supplied with electrical energy by an electric transport means.

Thus, the above-mentioned for the charging stations technical effects also apply to the process, in particular the increase of the charging comfort even in emergency operation.

The charging station can be supplied with electrical energy from the means of transport in the event of failure of a voltage of a power supply network.

In one embodiment, the charging station is a DC charging station. In another embodiment, the charging station is an AC charging station.

The charging stations can, as already mentioned above, also be operated in the network in emergency mode, for example at least one DC charging station in combination with at least one AC charging station. The network of charging stations can also be disconnected from the power supply network during emergency operation in order to avoid repercussions or to enable energy supply from the means of transport. Large power grids are a small resistance, e.g. B. less than 100 micro-ohms, and could otherwise prevent the starting of an inverter, for example. With such a small resistance from a short circuit.

Alternatively, the composite can also be connected to the energy supply network of a building, in particular under control of a building management system, as stated above.

• – eine Empfangseinheit, die Nachrichten oder Signale von einer Ladestation empfangen kann,
• – eine Schalteinheit, die eine Betriebsart ermöglicht, in der von einem Akkumulator des Transportmittels elektrische Energie an eine externe Einheit, insbesondere an eine Ladestation, geliefert wird,
• – und eine Steuereinheit, die eingangsseitig mit der Empfangseinheit und ausgangsseitig mit der Schalteinheit verbunden ist.

An electric transport may include:

• A receiving unit that can receive messages or signals from a charging station,
• A switching unit which allows an operating mode in which electrical energy is supplied by an accumulator of the transport means to an external unit, in particular to a charging station,
• - And a control unit, which is connected on the input side with the receiving unit and the output side with the switching unit.

The control unit can control the switching unit depending on a signal received by the receiving unit or depending on a message received by the receiving unit, in particular in an emergency operating mode of the charging station.

The means of transport can be used with a charging station mentioned above or with the above-mentioned methods for operating such charging stations, so that the above-mentioned technical effects also apply to the means of transport.

The switching unit may have at least two terminals which are interconnected by the switching unit for a period of more than one second or more than 10 seconds. Thus, the switching unit is not a converter but a switch. This switching unit can be used in particular in a means of transport or part of a means of transport which is used for rapid charging or DC charging.

The electrical energy can be a DC voltage less than 50 volts, which takes place, for example, by switching to a vehicle electrical system voltage.

Alternatively, the switching unit may be a DC AC converter, with which electrical energy is supplied to an external unit, in particular a bidirectionally operating converter. This switching unit can be used in particular in a means of transport or part of a means of transport which is used for AC charging.

The external unit is, for example, a charging station or both a charging station and a building, wherein the building is preferably supplied via the charging station.

The converter can not operate mains-controlled in the DC AC operating mode, so that isolated operation is possible. The converter can supply a voltage less than 50 volts, which may be sufficient for the supply of a charging station and significantly reduces potential damage to persons or at the charging station. The small AC voltage can also be made available without request by a charging station, in particular if the charging process is interrupted abruptly. When the voltage returns, then the AC voltage can be switched off automatically

However, it is also possible to supply a DC charging station with a small signal alternating voltage or an AC charging station with a small DC signal voltage during emergency operation.

It is also claimed a means of transport alone, which includes a converter that operates in a DC AC mode non-network and which is used for emergency operation of a charging station and / or a building.

In one embodiment, the charging station or the network of charging stations is located on a company premises. The means of transport can also belong to a company fleet. This allows the company to decide if the emergency mode vehicles can be unloaded. Costs for emergency power systems can be significantly reduced.

In other scenarios, the driver gives his explicit consent that the battery of his vehicle can be used for emergency operation and / or to what extent.

In another scenario, in the public interest, preferably based on a legal basis, the batteries are accessed in an emergency.

In other words, a CPU (central processing unit) is indicated with emergency operation at loading units / charging stations (eg wallbox, charging station) with the aid of the vehicle battery.

In case of failure of the public power supply, z. B. longer term (more than 10 minutes or more than one hour) or short term (eg, less than 10 minutes), the functionality of the charging unit can be obtained via the vehicle battery. Through the functional integrity of the charging unit further functionalities can be maintained, which may be of public interest, eg. As emergency operation, emergency call, emergency lighting, and possibly other functions.

The control unit can detect the failure of the public power supply, for example by detecting a voltage drop, o. Ä. The control unit may have functionalities to ensure emergency operation by powering the vehicle battery.

• – Kühlung der Ladeeinheit, z. B. Schnellladeeinheiten bzw. Fastcharger, die noch nachgekühlt werden müssen,
• – Notruf,
• – Notbeleuchtung, z. B. in Parkhäusern, öffentlichen Gebäuden bzw. an der Säule selbst,
• – Memory Funktion bzw. Speicherfunktion von Benutzungseinstellungen wie z. B. Ladezeit, Ladedauer, Parkzeit usw.,
• – Funktionserhalt der Verriegelung am Stecker, z. B. als Diebstahlschutz für den Nutzer der Ladestation bzw. für den Fahrer des Elektroautos,
• – auch Entriegelung des Steckers bei motorbetriebener Verriegelung, z. B. auf Anforderung des Fahrers hin,
• – Notversorgung von Geräten, die von der Ladeinheit umgeben sind oder die an die Ladeinheit angeschlossen bzw. an der Ladeinheit angeordnet sind.

With the help of the connected battery / battery important functionalities can be maintained, such. B .:

• - Cooling of the charging unit, z. B. Fast Chargers or Fastcharger, which still need to be cooled,
• - emergency call,
• - Emergency lighting, z. B. in parking garages, public buildings or on the column itself,
• - Memory function or memory function of usage settings such. B. charging time, charging time, parking time, etc.,
• - Function preservation of the lock on the plug, z. B. as theft protection for the user of the charging station or for the driver of the electric car,
• - Also unlocking the plug with motor-driven locking, z. B. at the request of the driver,
• - Emergency supply of devices that are surrounded by the charging unit or that are connected to the charging unit or arranged on the charging unit.

• – Notruf,
• – Notbetrieb,
• – Information an den Fahrer,
• – Erhalt der Verriegelung,
• – usw.

The 1 shows a functional diagram, in case of a fault in the public network, the CPU of the charging unit ensures emergency operation and initiates appropriate measures, such. B .:

• - emergency call,
• - emergency operation,
• - information to the driver,
• - receipt of the lock,
• - etc.

The above-described characteristics, features, and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they will be achieved, will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following description of the embodiments. If the term "can" is used in this application, it is both the technical possibility and the actual technical implementation. If the term "about" is used in this application, this means that the exact value is also disclosed.

In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show:

1 a charging infrastructure suitable for emergency operation,

2 Units of an AC charging station,

3 Units of an electric car with AC DC charging converter,

4 Units of a DC charging station,

5 Units of an electric car with DC charging option,

6 Procedural steps when connecting an electric car to a charging station, and

7 Procedural steps in the event of a power failure.

The 1 shows a charging infrastructure 10 for emergency operation of a charging station 12 or several charging stations operated in the network is suitable.

The charging infrastructure 10 allows the charging of the traction battery of an electric car 14 at the charging station 12 , The charging station 12 is, for example, a charging station, a wallbox or wall box, o. Ä. Examples of the structure of the charging station 12 be at the bottom of the hand 2 for an AC charging station 12a and on the hand of 4 for a DC charging station 12b explained in more detail. The construction of an electric car 14 will be at the bottom of the hand 3 for an electric car 14a or on the basis of 5 for an electric car 14b For example, explained.

Between the electric car 14 and the charging station 12 is there an energy transfer route 1b , z. As a charging cable or two coils, between which via induction energy can be transferred. When charging is the flow of energy from the charging station 12 to the electric car 14 directed. An energy flow 18 from the electric car 14 to the charging station 18 Applies to an emergency mode of the charging station 12 ,

The charging station 12 contains a control circuit 20 , z. As a CPU (Central Processing Unit), the charging and emergency operation of the charging station 12 controls. That's how the electric car gets 14 incoming energy flow completely or partially as an energy flow 22 in emergency mode of the charging station 12 used, for. As for an emergency call system, an emergency operation, to send information to the driver of the electric car 14 , z. B. that no loading is possible to obtain the locking of the charging cable 16 , etc.

The charging station 12 is connected to a power grid 24 connected. It is assumed that between a line section 26 and a line section 28 a disorder 30 occurs, resulting in a loss of mains voltage at the charging station 12 leads. The fault is, for example, a cable break or the failure of a switching device. Although there is a fault, the charging station remains 12 functional because they use the electrical energy for emergency operation from the battery of the electric car 14 can take what is down to the hand of the 2 to 7 is explained in more detail. The disorder 30 But it can also be at another location in the energy supply network 24 occur.

In addition, the emergency operation of the charging station 12 for example, that a building management DVA 32 Data processing system) the battery of the electric car 14 can use for an emergency supply of a building. Such a building management program is, for example, the program design of the company Siemens. The DVA 32 and the charging station 12 are, for example, via a data transmission connection 34 coupled. However, the connection is the charging station 12 to a building management system optional.

The 2 shows units of an AC (Alternated Current) charging station 12a which charges, for example, with 230 volts AC or with another voltage value that is common in a power grid in a country. From the charging station 12a leads a charging cable 16a to a connection device 94a , z. B. to a plug. Alternatively, inductive charging can also be used. The plug 94a gets into a cradle on an electric car 14a stuck, the example below, on the hand of 3 is explained.

The charging station 12a can again be designed as a charging station or as a wallbox or in another way. The charging station 12a is over the line 28a connected to a power supply network that in normal operation charging the batteries of an electric car to the charging station 12a allows. In normal operation, an optional switch S1a is between the line 28a and the charging station 12a closed.

• – ein optionales Messgerät 50a, bspw. zum Erfassen der beim Laden entnommenen elektrischen Energie (Wirkleistung und/oder Blindleistung),
• – einen optionalen FI (F-Fehler, I-Strom) Schalter 52a, der beim Auftreten von Fehlerströmen die Ladestation 12a vom Netz trennt und so eine Gefährdung von Personen verhindert,
• – einen optionalen Schutzschalter 54a, der bei Überspannungen oder Überstrom selbsttätig schaltet, bspw. wenn der zulässige maximale Ladestrom überschritten wird,
• – ein Schütz 56a, mit dem das Laden begonnen und beendet werden kann,
• – ein Steuermodul 58a, dessen Aufbau unten noch näher erläutert wird,
• – einen AC AC Wandler 62a, der das Steuermodul 58a und weitere Einheiten der Ladestation bspw. mit einer Kleinwechselspannung versorgt, z. B. mit einem Effektivwert kleiner als 50 Volt und größer als 5 Volt,
• – eine optionale Puffereinheit 64a, die bspw. für einige Sekunden, z. B. kleiner als 60 Sekunden oder kleiner als 10 Sekunden das Steuermodul 58a und ggf. weitere Einheiten 96a bis 100a versorgen kann, um das Umschalten zwischen Normalbetrieb und Notbetrieb bzw. in umgekehrte Richtung zu ermöglichen.

The charging station 12a includes:

• - an optional measuring device 50a , for example for detecting the electrical energy removed during charging (active power and / or reactive power),
• - an optional FI (F-fault, I-current) switch 52a , the charging station when fault currents occur 12a disconnects from the network and thus prevents a hazard to persons,
• - an optional circuit breaker 54a which switches automatically in the event of overvoltages or overcurrents, for example when the permissible maximum charging current is exceeded,
• - a contactor 56a with which loading can be started and stopped,
• - a control module 58a whose structure is explained in more detail below,
• - an AC to AC converter 62a that's the control module 58a and other units of the charging station, for example, supplied with a small AC voltage, z. B. with an effective value less than 50 volts and greater than 5 volts,
• - an optional buffer unit 64a , for example, for a few seconds, z. B. less than 60 seconds or less than 10 seconds, the control module 58a and possibly other units 96a to 100a supply in order to enable switching between normal operation and emergency operation or in the opposite direction.

The buffer unit 64a may, for example, also part of the converter 62a or the control module 58a be. The buffer unit contains, for example, a capacitor and / or a rechargeable battery, for. B. with a charging capacity of less than 1 kWh (kilowatt hour) or less than 100 Ws (watt seconds).

• – eine Steuereinheit 66a, z. B. eine CPU, die der in der 1 gezeigten Steuereinheit 20 entspricht, und
• – eine Kommunikationseinheit 68a, bspw. eine Pulsweitenmodulationseinheit, mit der Steuerinformationen über das Ladekabel 16a zu dem an die Ladestation 12a angeschlossenen Elektroauto 14b, siehe 3, gesendet werden können.

The control module 58a includes:

• - a control unit 66a , z. B. a CPU that in the 1 shown control unit 20 corresponds, and
• - a communication unit 68a , For example, a pulse width modulation unit, with the control information via the charging cable 16a to the to the charging station 12a connected electric car 14b , please refer 3 , can be sent.

The control unit 66a and the communication unit 68a are in the control module 58a coupled, in particular for data exchange.

Instead of a pulse width modulation, a powerline communication or a transmission via radio can be used.

• – eine Leitung 70a zwischen dem Schalter S1a und dem optionalen Messgerät 50a,
• – eine Leitung 72a zwischen dem optionalen Messgerät 50a und dem FI Schalter 52a,
• – eine Leitung 74a zwischen dem FI Schalter 52a und dem Schutzschalter 54a,
• – eine Leitung 76a zwischen dem Schütz 56a und dem Ladekabel 16a,
• – eine Leitung 80a zwischen dem Schalter S1a und dem AC AC Wandler 62a zum Erzeugen der Kleinwechselspannung,
• – eine Leitung 82a zwischen dem AC AC Wandler 62a und dem Steuermodul 58a,
• – eine Leitung 84a zwischen der Steuereinheit 66a und dem Schütz 56a, und
• – eine Leitung 86a zwischen dem optionalen Puffer 64a und dem AC AC Wandler 62a.

There are the following connections of the units of the charging station 12a :

• - a line 70a between switch S1a and the optional meter 50a .
• - a line 72a between the optional meter 50a and the FI switch 52a .
• - a line 74a between the FI switch 52a and the circuit breaker 54a .
• - a line 76a between the contactor 56a and the charging cable 16a .
• - a line 80a between the switch S1a and the AC AC converter 62a for generating the AC voltage,
• - a line 82a between the AC to AC converter 62a and the control module 58a .
• - a line 84a between the control unit 66a and the contactor 56a , and
• - a line 86a between the optional buffer 64a and the AC AC converter 62a ,

The FI switch 52a and the circuit breaker 54a allow, for example, a standard-compliant or standard-compliant operation of the charging station 12a in the charging mode 3 to IEC 61851 , if necessary also with an additional surge arrester.

In other embodiments, the order of the switches may be reversed. Furthermore, additional switches may be provided, for. B. at least one surge arrester. Also, the input of the AC to AC converter 62a be connected to another location.

A data transfer connection 90a lies between the communication unit 68a and the charging cable 16a , In the embodiment, the connection 90a at the contactor 56a connected. Alternatively, other connection points can be used, for example, directly at one end of the charging cable 16a ,

• – eine Umfeld-Beleuchtungseinheit 96a, z. B. eine Glühlampe, eine Energiesparlampe oder eine Leuchtstoffröhre,
• – eine Displaybeleuchtungseinheit 98a,
• – weitere Einheiten 100a, wie Verriegelungseinheit für eine Verbindungsvorrichtung des Ladekabels 16a direkt an der Ladestation 12a, eine entsprechende Entriegelungseinheit, eine Kühleinheit für die Elektronik der Ladestation 12a, eine Notrufeinheit usw.

consumer 96a to 100a the charging station 12a are also at the output of the AC AC converter 62a connected, z. B.

• - An ambient lighting unit 96a , z. B. an incandescent lamp, an energy-saving lamp or a fluorescent tube,
• - a display lighting unit 98a .
• - more units 100a , such as locking unit for a connection device of the charging cable 16a directly at the charging station 12a , a corresponding unlocking unit, a cooling unit for the electronics of the charging station 12a , an emergency call unit, etc.

An optional detection line 110a lies between the line 28a and the control unit 66a , The detection line 110a allows the control unit 66a to detect the power failure and possibly also the voltage return and the switch S1a, for example. Via an optional telecontrol line 112a to operate, ie first opening in the event of power failure and when power returns. Alternatively, the power failure in the charging station 12a be detected, for example, on the line 82a ,

The function of the charging station 12a will be at the bottom of the hand 6 respectively. 7 explained in more detail. In normal operation, the charging station works 12a as a known charging station, if necessary, however, the electric car can be signaled already in normal operation that the charging station 12a is suitable for emergency operation. Likewise, the charging station 12a In normal operation determine whether the just connected electric car 14 . 14a supports an emergency operation.

In emergency mode, the charging station 12a then electrical energy from the electric car 14a request and use for their own energy supply. In conjunction with a building management system, energy may also be available to the line 28a to be delivered.

Optionally, the charging station 12a also connected to a building management system to be in emergency operation, for example, the traction battery of the electric car 14 . 14a not only for the emergency power supply of the charging station 12a but also for others to the line 28a connected consumers of the building to use, which is preferably done under control of the building management system.

Instead of the AC AC converter 62a It is also possible to use an AC DC converter which generates a DC voltage, for example less than 50 volts and greater than 5 volts.

If a small AC voltage in emergency mode comes from the electric car, the converter should 62a a wide-range converter, which allows a large input voltage range, in particular, the mains voltage and the AC voltage are. Thus, the converter 62a in emergency mode via the line 70a and the line 80a provided.

Also, a DC voltage can be fed in an AC charging for emergency operation from the vehicle.

The 3 shows units of an electric car 14a with AC DC charging converter 124 , The electric car 14a can, for example, at the charging station 12a operate.

• – eine Verbindungseinheit 120a, z. B. eine Buchse für den Stecker des Ladekabels,
• – eine Kommunikationseinheit 122a, die bspw. PWM-Signale (Pulweitenmodulation) sendet und/oder empfängt, insbesondere eine Information, d. h. eine Nachricht bzw. ein Signal, bspw. dass die Ladestation 12a notbetriebsfähig ist und/oder dass der Notbetrieb gestartet werden soll,
• – einen AC DC Wandler 124a, der bspw. bidirektional ist,
• – ein Batteriemanagementsystem 126a (BMS), bspw. zur Überwachung der Temperatur im Traktionsakku 130a und/oder zum sogenannten Zellausgleich zwischen den Zellen des Traktionsakkus 130a,
• – einen optionalen Bordnetzakku 128a, der bspw. ein Gleichkleinspannung liefert, von bspw. kleiner als 50 Volt und größer als 5 Volt,
• – einen Traktionsakku 130a, der bspw. im voll geladenen Zustand eine Gleichspannung im Bereich von 400 bis 800 Volt liefert.

The electric car 14a contains the following for charging the batteries of the electric car 14a or for emergency operation of the charging station 12a relevant units:

• - a connection unit 120a , z. B. a socket for the plug of the charging cable,
• - a communication unit 122a which, for example, transmits and / or receives PWM signals (pulse width modulation), in particular information, ie a message or a signal, for example that the charging station 12a is capable of emergency operation and / or that the emergency operation is to be started,
• - an AC DC converter 124a which is bi-directional, for example,
• - a battery management system 126a (BMS), for example to monitor the temperature in the traction battery 130a and / or for so-called cell balancing between the cells of the traction battery 130a .
• - an optional on-board battery 128a which, for example, supplies a DC extra-low voltage of, for example, less than 50 volts and greater than 5 volts,
• - a traction battery 130a , which supplies, for example, in the fully charged state, a DC voltage in the range of 400 to 800 volts.

Instead of a pulse width modulation can in the communication unit 122a also a powerline communication or a transmission over radio be used.

Instead of the bidirectional AC DC converter 124a You can also use an AC DC converter and a DC AC converter. The battery management system 126a can, for example, also part of the traction battery 130a be.

In addition, the electric car 14a Also included a DC charging section as shown below on hand 5 is explained. Depending on the type of charging station 14a can then be set or specified which emergency operation should be possible, ie AC voltage or DC voltage. If the charging station is capable of both types of charging, it can, for example, explicitly specify which emergency operation should take place.

• – eine Leitung 134a zwischen der Verbindungseinheit 120a und einem ersten Anschluss des AC DC Wandlers 124a,
• – eine Leitung 136a zwischen der Verbindungseinheit 120a und einem zweiten Anschluss des AC DC Wandlers 124a,
• – eine Leitung 138a zwischen dem Traktionsakku 130a, z. B. dem Pluspol, und einem dritten Anschluss des AC DC Wandlers 124a,
• – eine Leitung 140a zwischen dem Traktionsakku 130a, z. B. einem Massepol bzw. Minuspol, und einem vierten Anschluss des AC DC Wandlers 124a,
• – eine Leitung 142a bzw. mehrere Leitungen 142a zwischen dem Wandler 124a und dem Batteriemanagementsystem 126a, wobei die Leitung 142a bspw. eine Steuerleitung ist,
• – eine Leitung 144a bzw. mehrere Leitungen 144a zwischen dem Batteriemanagementsystem 126a und dem Traktionsakku 130a, bspw. Steuerleitungen und/oder Erfassungsleitungen,
• – eine Leitung 146a bzw. mehrere Leitungen 146a zwischen dem Batteriemanagementsystem 126a und der Kommunikationseinheit 122a, insbesondere zum Weiterleiten der im Zusammenhang mit dem Notbetrieb der Ladestation 14a empfangenen Signale oder Nachrichten von der Kommunikationseinheit 122a zum Batteriemanagementsystem 126a, und
• – eine Datenübertragungsverbindung 148a zwischen der Verbindungseinheit 120a und der Kommunikationseinheit 122a, insbesondere zum Übertragen von im Zusammenhang mit dem Notbetrieb der Ladestation 14a übertragenen Signalen.

Between the mentioned units there are the following connections:

• - a line 134a between the connection unit 120a and a first terminal of the AC to DC converter 124a .
• - a line 136a between the connection unit 120a and a second terminal of the AC to DC converter 124a .
• - a line 138a between the traction battery 130a , z. B. the positive pole, and a third terminal of the AC DC converter 124a .
• - a line 140a between the traction battery 130a , z. B. a ground terminal or negative pole, and a fourth terminal of the AC DC converter 124a .
• - a line 142a or several lines 142a between the converter 124a and the battery management system 126a , where the line 142a eg a control line is,
• - a line 144a or several lines 144a between the battery management system 126a and the traction battery 130a , eg control lines and / or detection lines,
• - a line 146a or several lines 146a between the battery management system 126a and the communication unit 122a , in particular for forwarding in connection with the emergency operation of the charging station 14a received signals or messages from the communication unit 122a to the battery management system 126a , and
• - a data transmission connection 148a between the connection unit 120a and the communication unit 122a , in particular for transmitting in connection with the emergency operation of the charging station 14a transmitted signals.

The electric car 14a also contains a traction motor 132a which drives, for example, two or four wheels, not shown. In place of one traction engine 132a You can also use two or four wheel hub motors. The drive motors (s) are optionally controlled by inverters or converters, z. B. via AC DC converter.

The electric car 14a is, for example, a conventional electric car, its communication unit 122a and battery management system 126a However, have been modified so that an emergency operation of a charging station is possible. In particular, associated requirements of the charging station can be met. The request is sent as a corresponding message or as a signal via the charging cable 1ba or otherwise transferred.

In one variant, the electric car delivers 14a in emergency mode, an AC voltage, which has about the same maximum amount of voltage or RMS amount as the charge AC voltage received in the charging mode.

In another variant, the electric car provides 14a in emergency operation, an AC voltage having a significantly smaller maximum voltage amount or RMS amount than the charging AC voltage received in the charging operation, which can be achieved by appropriate control of the relevant converter, z. B. the bidirectional converter 124a , The emergency operation AC voltage is, for example, less than 50 percent or less than 20 percent of the AC voltage.

The alternating voltage to be supplied in emergency mode can also be specified by the charging station in a next variant, wherein the electric car 14a for emergency operation at least two mutually different AC voltages can generate.

The from the converter 124a or an additional converter generated in emergency mode AC voltage is in particular not network-guided, so that island operation is possible.

The 4 shows units of a DC (directed current) charging station 12b , which loads, for example, with a DC voltage in the range of 400 to 800 volts. From the charging station 12b leads a charging cable 1 bb to a connection device 94b , z. B. to a plug. The plug 94b gets into a cradle on an electric car 14b stuck, the example below, on the hand of 5 is explained.

The charging station 12b can be designed as a charging station or wallbox or in other ways. The charging station 12b is over the line 28b connected to a power supply network that in normal operation charging the batteries of an electric car to the charging station 12b allows. In normal operation, there is an optional switch S1b between the line 28b and the charging station 12b closed.

• – ein optionales Messgerät 50b, bspw. zum Erfassen der beim Laden entnommenen elektrischen Energie (Wirkleistung und/oder Blindleistung),
• – einen optionalen FI (F-Fehler, I-Strom) Schalter 52b, der beim Auftreten von Fehlerströmen die Ladestation 12b vom Netz trennt und so eine Gefährdung von Personen verhindert,
• – einen optionalen Schutzschalter 54b, der bei Überspannungen oder Überstrom selbsttätig schaltet, bspw. wenn der zulässige maximale Ladestrom überschritten wird,
• – einen AC DC Wandler 150, der eine Netzwechselspannung in eine Gleichspannung umwandelt und der bspw. bidirektional arbeiten kann,
• – ein Schütz 56b, mit dem das Laden begonnen und beendet werden kann,
• – ein Steuermodul 58b, dessen Aufbau unten noch näher erläutert wird,
• – einen AC DC AC Wandler 62b, der das Steuermodul 58b und weitere Einheiten der Ladestation 12b bspw. mit einer Kleinwechselspannung versorgt, z. B. mit einem Effektivwert kleiner als 50 Volt und größer als 5 Volt,
• – eine optionale Puffereinheit 64b, die bspw. für einige Sekunden, z. B. kleiner als 60 Sekunden oder kleiner als 10 Sekunden das Steuermodul 58b und ggf. weitere Einheiten 96b bis 100b versorgen kann, um das Umschalten zwischen Normalbetrieb und Notbetrieb bzw. in umgekehrter Richtung zu ermöglichen.

The charging station 12b includes:

• - an optional measuring device 50b , for example for detecting the electrical energy removed during charging (active power and / or reactive power),
• - an optional FI (F-fault, I-current) switch 52b , the charging station when fault currents occur 12b disconnects from the network and thus prevents a hazard to persons,
• - an optional circuit breaker 54b which switches automatically in the event of overvoltages or overcurrents, for example when the permissible maximum charging current is exceeded,
• - an AC DC converter 150 , which converts a mains AC voltage into a DC voltage and which, for example, can operate bidirectionally,
• - a contactor 56b with which loading can be started and stopped,
• - a control module 58b whose structure is explained in more detail below,
• - an AC to DC AC converter 62b that's the control module 58b and other units of the charging station 12b For example, supplied with a small AC voltage, z. B. with an effective value less than 50 volts and greater than 5 volts,
• - an optional buffer unit 64b , for example, for a few seconds, z. B. less than 60 seconds or less than 10 seconds, the control module 58b and possibly other units 96b to 100b can supply to enable switching between normal operation and emergency operation or in the reverse direction.

Instead of a bidirectional converter 150 It is also possible to use an AC DC converter and a DC AC converter. The bidirectional converter 150 In the DC AC operating mode, it is preferably not network-controlled, so that isolated operation is possible. The same applies to a separate DC AC converter.

The buffer unit 64b may, for example, also part of the converter 62b or the control module 58b be. The buffer unit contains, for example, a capacitor and / or a rechargeable battery, for. B. with a charging capacity of less than 1 kWh (kilowatt hour) or less than 100 Ws watt seconds).

• – eine Steuereinheit 66b, z. B. eine CPU, die der in der 1 gezeigten Steuereinheit 20 entspricht, und
• – eine Kommunikationseinheit 68b, bspw. eine Pulsweitenmodulationseinheit, mit der Steuerinformationen über das Ladekabel 16b zu dem an die Ladestation 12b angeschlossenen Elektroauto 14b, siehe 5, gesendet werden können.

The control module 58b includes:

• - a control unit 66b , z. B. a CPU that in the 1 shown control unit 20 corresponds, and
• - a communication unit 68b , For example, a pulse width modulation unit, with the control information via the charging cable 16b to the to the charging station 12b connected electric car 14b , please refer 5 , can be sent.

The control unit 66b and the communication unit 68b are in the control module 58b coupled, in particular for data exchange.

Instead of a pulse width modulation, a powerline communication or a transmission via radio can be used.

• – eine Leitung 70b zwischen dem Schalter S1b und dem optionalen Messgerät 50b,
• – eine Leitung 72b zwischen dem optionalen Messgerät 50b und dem FI Schalter 52b,
• – eine Leitung 74b zwischen dem FI Schalter 52b und dem Schutzschalter 54b,
• – eine Leitung 160 zwischen dem Schutzschalter 54b und dem AC DC Wandler 150,
• – eine Leitung 162 zwischen dem AC DC Wandler 150 und dem Schütz 56b,
• – eine optionale Leitung 164 zwischen dem Schütz 56b und dem Ladekabel 16b,
• – eine Leitung 170 zwischen der Leitung 164 und einem Gleichspannungspin bzw. Gleichspannungsanschluss des AC DC AC Wandlers 62b,
• – eine Leitung 80b zwischen dem Schalter S1b und dem AC AC Wandler 62b zum Erzeugen der Kleinwechselspannung,
• – eine Leitung 82b zwischen dem AC AC Wandler 62b und dem Steuermodul 58b,
• – eine Leitung 84b zwischen der Steuereinheit 66b und dem Schütz 56b, und
• – eine Leitung 86b zwischen dem optionalen Puffer 64b und dem AC AC Wandler 62b.

There are the following connections of the units of the charging station 12b :

• - a line 70b between switch S1b and the optional meter 50b .
• - a line 72b between the optional meter 50b and the FI switch 52b .
• - a line 74b between the FI switch 52b and the circuit breaker 54b .
• - a line 160 between the circuit breaker 54b and the AC DC converter 150 .
• - a line 162 between the AC DC converter 150 and the contactor 56b .
• - an optional line 164 between the contactor 56b and the charging cable 16b .
• - a line 170 between the line 164 and a DC pin or DC terminal of the AC DC to AC converter 62b .
• - a line 80b between the switch S1b and the AC AC converter 62b for generating the AC voltage,
• - a line 82b between the AC to AC converter 62b and the control module 58b .
• - a line 84b between the control unit 66b and the contactor 56b , and
• - a line 86b between the optional buffer 64b and the AC AC converter 62b ,

The FI switch 52b and the circuit breaker 54b allow, for example, a standard-compliant or standard-compliant operation of the charging station 12b in the charging mode 4 to IEC 61851 , if necessary also with an additional surge arrester or several additional surge arresters and / or an insulation monitor.

In other embodiments, the order of the switches may be reversed. Furthermore, additional switches may be provided, for. B. at least one surge arrester. Also, the input of the AC to AC converter 62b be connected to another location.

A data transfer connection 90b lies between the communication unit 68b and the charging cable 16b , In the embodiment, the connection 90b at the contactor 56b connected. Alternatively, other connection points can be used, for example, directly at one end of the charging cable 16b ,

• – eine Umfeld-Beleuchtungseinheit 96b, z. B. eine Glühlampe, eine Energiesparlampe oder eine Leuchtstoffröhre,
• – eine Displaybeleuchtungseinheit 98b,
• – weitere Einheiten 100b, wie Verriegelungseinheit für eine Verbindungsvorrichtung des Ladekabels 16b direkt an der Ladestation 12b, eine entsprechende Entriegelungseinheit, eine Kühleinheit für die Elektronik der Ladestation 12b, eine Notrufeinheit usw.

consumer 96b to 100b the charging station 12b are also at the output of the AC AC converter 62b connected, z. B.

• - An ambient lighting unit 96b , z. B. an incandescent lamp, an energy-saving lamp or a fluorescent tube,
• - a display lighting unit 98b .
• - more units 100b , such as locking unit for a connection device of the charging cable 16b directly at the charging station 12b , a corresponding unlocking unit, a cooling unit for the electronics of the charging station 12b , an emergency call unit, etc.

An optional detection line 110b lies between the line 28b and the control unit 66b , The detection line 110b allows the control unit 66b to detect the power failure and possibly also the voltage return and the switch S1b bspw. Via an optional telecontrol line 112b to operate, ie first opening in the event of power failure and when power returns. Alternatively, the power failure in the charging station 12b be detected, z. B. on the line 80b ,

The function of the charging station 12b will be at the bottom of the hand 6 respectively. 7 explained in more detail. In normal operation, the charging station works 12b as a known charging station, if necessary, however, the electric car can be signaled already in normal operation that the charging station 12b is suitable for emergency operation. Likewise, the charging station 12b In normal operation determine whether the just connected electric car 14 . 14b supports an emergency operation.

In emergency mode, the charging station 12b then electrical energy from the electric car 14b request and use for their own energy supply. In conjunction with a building management system, electrical energy may also be supplied to the line 28b to be delivered.

Optionally, the charging station 12b Also be connected to a building management system, for example, in emergency operation, the traction battery of the electric car 14b not only for the emergency power supply of the charging station 12b but also for others to the line 28b connected consumers of the building to use, which is preferably done under control of the building management system.

Instead of the AC DC AC converter 62b It is also possible to use an AC DC converter which generates a DC voltage, for example less than 50 volts and greater than 5 volts.

It could be on the line 170 also a DC AC converter or a DC DC converter be connected, in addition to the converter 62b is used. A suitable switching unit is then possibly provided.

The AC DC AC converter 62b For example, also includes a switching unit, which ensures that only one voltage source is used, ie either via the line 170 coming DC voltage or one over the line 80b coming and from the converter 150 or an additional converter generated AC voltage.

In one variant, only a small signal DC voltage, z. B. less than 50 volts and greater than 5 volts, from the electric car 14b come, for example, a vehicle electrical system voltage. This voltage can be used without conversion, only with voltage adjustment or after conversion to an AC voltage to supply the charging station 12b be used in emergency mode.

Also, a small AC signal voltage can be fed to a DC charging station from the vehicle for emergency operation of the charging station.

The 5 shows units of an electric car 14b , which is suitable for DC charging. The electric car 14b can thus, for example, at the charging station 12b operate.

• – eine Verbindungseinheit 120b, z. B. eine Buchse für den Stecker des Ladekabels,
• – eine Kommunikationseinheit 122b, die bspw. PWM-Signale (Pulweitenmodulation) sendet und/oder empfängt, insbesondere eine Information, d. h. eine Nachricht bzw. ein Signal, bspw. dass die Ladestation 12b notbetriebsfähig ist und/oder dass der Notbetrieb gestartet werden soll,
• – eine Trenneinheit 200, z. B. mit nur zwei Leistungsschaltern,
• – ein Batteriemanagementsystem 126b (BMS), bspw. zur Überwachung der Temperatur im Traktionsakku 130b und/oder zum sogenannten Zellausgleich zwischen den Zellen des Traktionsakkus 130b,
• – einen optionalen Bordnetzakku 128b, der bspw. ein Gleichkleinspannung liefert, von bspw. kleiner als 50 Volt und größer als 5 Volt,
• – einen Traktionsakku 130b, der bspw. im voll geladenen Zustand eine Gleichspannung im Bereich von 400 bis 800 Volt liefert.

The electric car 14b contains the following for charging the batteries of the electric car 14b or for emergency operation of the charging station 12b relevant units:

• - a connection unit 120b , z. B. a socket for the plug of the charging cable,
• - a communication unit 122b which, for example, transmits and / or receives PWM signals (pulse width modulation), in particular information, ie a message or a signal, for example that the charging station 12b is capable of emergency operation and / or that the emergency operation is to be started,
• - a separation unit 200 , z. With only two circuit breakers,
• - a battery management system 126b (BMS), for example to monitor the temperature in the traction battery 130b and / or for so-called cell balancing between the cells of the traction battery 130b .
• - an optional on-board battery 128b which, for example, supplies a DC extra-low voltage of, for example, less than 50 volts and greater than 5 volts,
• - a traction battery 130b , which supplies, for example, in the fully charged state, a DC voltage in the range of 400 to 800 volts.

Instead of a pulse width modulation can in the communication unit 122b also a powerline communication or a transmission over radio be used.

The battery management system 126b can, for example, also part of the traction battery 130b be.

In addition, the electric car 14b also included an AC charger, as mentioned above on the hand of the 3 has been explained. Depending on the type of charging station 14b can then be set or specified which emergency operation should be possible, ie AC voltage or DC voltage. If the charging station is capable of both types of charging, it can, for example, explicitly specify which emergency operation should take place.

• – eine Leitung 210 zwischen der Verbindungseinheit 120b und einem ersten Anschluss der Trenneinheit 200,
• – eine Leitung 212 zwischen der Verbindungseinheit 120b und einem zweiten Anschluss der Trenneinheit 200,
• – eine Leitung 214 zwischen dem Traktionsakku 130b, z. B. dem Pluspol, und einem dritten Anschluss der Trenneinheit 200,
• – eine Leitung 216a zwischen dem Traktionsakku 130b, z. B. einem Massepol bzw. Minuspol, und einem vierten Anschluss der Trenneinheit 200,
• – eine Leitung 142b bzw. mehrere Leitungen 142b zwischen der Trenneinheit 200 und dem Batteriemanagementsystem 126b, wobei die Leitung 142b bspw. eine Steuerleitung ist,
• – eine Leitung 144b bzw. mehrere Leitungen 144b zwischen dem Batteriemanagementsystem 126b und dem Traktionsakku 130b, bspw. Steuerleitungen und/oder Erfassungsleitungen,
• – eine Leitung 146b bzw. mehrere Leitungen 146b zwischen dem Batteriemanagementsystem 126b und der Kommunikationseinheit 122b, insbesondere zum Weiterleiten der im Zusammenhang mit dem Notbetrieb der Ladestation 14b empfangenen Signale oder Nachrichten von der Kommunikationseinheit 122b zum Batteriemanagementsystem 126b, und
• – eine Datenübertragungsverbindung 148b zwischen der Verbindungseinheit 120b und der Kommunikationseinheit 122b, insbesondere zum Übertragen von im Zusammenhang mit dem Notbetrieb der Ladestation 14b übertragenen Signalen.

Between the mentioned units there are the following connections:

• - a line 210 between the connection unit 120b and a first terminal of the separation unit 200 .
• - a line 212 between the connection unit 120b and a second terminal of the separation unit 200 .
• - a line 214 between the traction battery 130b , z. B. the positive pole, and a third terminal of the separation unit 200 .
• - a line 216a between the traction battery 130b , z. B. a ground terminal or negative terminal, and a fourth terminal of the separation unit 200 .
• - a line 142b or several lines 142b between the separation unit 200 and the battery management system 126b , where the line 142b eg a control line is,
• - a line 144b or several lines 144b between the battery management system 126b and the traction battery 130b , eg control lines and / or detection lines,
• - a line 146b or several lines 146b between the battery management system 126b and the communication unit 122b , in particular for forwarding in connection with the emergency operation of the charging station 14b received signals or messages from the communication unit 122b to the battery management system 126b , and
• - a data transmission connection 148b between the connection unit 120b and the communication unit 122b , in particular for transmitting in connection with the emergency operation of the charging station 14b transmitted signals.

The electric car 14b also contains a traction motor 132b which drives, for example, two or four wheels, not shown. Instead of a traction engine 132b You can also use two or four wheel hub motors. Also the Drive motors (s) may be controlled by inverters or converters, eg. B. AC DC converter.

The electric car 14b is, for example, a conventional electric car, its communication unit 122b and battery management system 126b however, have been modified so that an emergency operation of a charging station 12b is possible. In particular, related requirement of the charging station 12b be fulfilled. The request is sent as a corresponding message or as a signal via the charging cable 16b or otherwise transferred.

In one variant, the electric car delivers 14b in emergency operation, a DC voltage, which has about the same maximum amount of voltage as the charge DC voltage received in the charging mode.

In another variant, the electric car provides 14b in emergency operation, a DC voltage, which has a considerably smaller amount of voltage than the charge DC voltage received in the charging mode, which can be achieved, for example, by switching to a vehicle electrical system voltage. The emergency DC voltage is, for example, less than 50 percent or less than 20 percent of the DC charging voltage.

The DC voltage to be supplied in emergency mode can also be used by the charging station in a next variant 12b be given, with the electric car 14b for emergency operation can generate at least two mutually different DC voltages.

The 6 shows method steps when connecting an electric car, z. B. 14 . 14a . 14b , to a charging station or charging station, z. B. 12 . 12a respectively. 12b , The method steps are also referred to below as steps. The procedure begins in one step 300 For example, with the connection of vehicle and charging station via a charging cable or by positioning a coil in the vehicle or electric car 14 . 14a . 14b , and a coil outside the vehicle during inductive charging.

In a following step 302 the vehicle recognizes the charging cable. In one step 304 who also before the step 302 lie or can be performed simultaneously to this step, detects the charging station or the charging station that a vehicle is ready to charge.

In one step 304 signals the charging station that an emergency mode with use of the vehicle battery (traction battery or Bordnetzakku) is present. It can also be the expected in emergency mode voltage, ie DC or AC voltage, as well as the amount of voltage from the charging station are specified or negotiated between the charging station and the electric car.

In one step 308 The charging station then generates a charging current, for example a maximum charging current IMax to be supplied by it. The charging current may be a direct current or an alternating current.

In one step 310 The battery of the vehicle is then charged, for example. Until the vehicle side, a shutdown occurs, for. B. with fully charged battery.

This also relevant for emergency operation process steps are carried out in normal operation.

The order of in the 6 can also be changed. In addition, further steps may be performed before, between or after the mentioned steps.

The 7 shows process steps in case of power failure. The method steps are also referred to below as steps. The procedure begins in one step 350 For example, with the on hand of the 6 explained steps.

In a following step 352 There is a power failure or a fault in the power supply of the charging station (LS). This can take place, for example, during loading or after loading. With time-triggered charging, the failure may also occur before charging. Alternatively, the vehicle or electric car, z. B. 14 . 14a . 14b , even as a precaution to be connected to the charging station, for example, just to ensure emergency operation.

In one step 354 detects the charging station, z. B. 12 . 12a respectively. 12b , the power failure, eg. Via a sensor on the supply network or a low-voltage power supply within the charging station.

In an optional step 356 The charging station then disconnects from the now possibly de-energized network, for example by opening the switch S1a or S1b or another switch. The function of the control of the charging station can be ensured by a buffer circuit (charging station internal battery, capacitor) or in another way. Conflicts between the charging station and the supply network can also be avoided in other ways, for example by measures outside the charging station.

In an optional step as well 358 then the vehicle is instructed by the charging station to start with the emergency power supply. Alternatively, for example, the emergency operation of the vehicle to be started automatically, for example in the event of an unexpected interruption of the charging process, at the request of the driver or due to another suitable event.

In one step 360 then feeds the traction battery of the vehicle or an electrical system or Bordnetzakku the charging station and possibly other consumers of a building in emergency mode. The execution of step 360 may, for example, depend on the consent of the driver, keeper or owner. Alternatively, for example, in disaster situations, the step 360 even without the consent of the driver or other persons.

The process is done in one step 362 terminated, for example when the power returns or by a service employee. Alternatively, the emergency operation is terminated by the vehicle or driver, for example, when the battery is discharged to a predetermined level.

The order of in the 7 shown process steps can also be changed. In addition, further method steps can be carried out before, between or after the said steps.

The illustrated for an electric car or electric vehicle embodiments apply mutatis mutandis to other electrotransport means.

The charging stations can be single-phase, two-phase or three-phase to the power supply network 24 or be connected to a corresponding power supply network with other supply voltage and / or other network frequency than 50 Hertz. The AC charging can also be single-phase, two-phase or three-phase.

The embodiments are not to scale and are not restrictive. Modifications in the context of expert action are possible. Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The developments and refinements mentioned in the introduction can be combined with one another. The embodiments mentioned in the figure description can also be combined with each other. Furthermore, the developments and refinements mentioned in the introduction can be combined with the exemplary embodiments mentioned in the description of the figures.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) 61439, DIN German Industrial Standard) EN (Euronarm) 61851, z. Eg DIN EN 61851-22, IEC 62196 [0015]
• IEC 61851 [0108]
• IEC 61851 [0140]

Claims (15)

Charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ), with a control unit ( 20 . 66a . 66b ), with a registration unit ( 11And . 110b ) for detecting the failure of a supply voltage of a power supply network ( 24 . 28a . 28b ), the registration unit ( 110a . 110b ) to the control unit ( 20 . 66a . 66b ) and with a transmitting unit ( 68a . 68b ) for sending a message or a signal to an electric transport ( 14 . 14a . 14b ), wherein the transmitting unit ( 68a . 68b ) to the control unit ( 20 . 66a . 66b ) and wherein the message or signal is a supply of electrical energy from a battery ( 130a . 130b ) of the means of transport ( 14 . 14a . 14b ) to the charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ). Charging station ( 12 . 12b ) according to claim 1, wherein the charging station ( 12 . 12b ) an AC DC converter ( 150 ), which contains a battery ( 130b ) of the means of transport ( 14 . 14a . 14b ), the AC DC converter ( 150 ) is a bidirectional converter or wherein the charging station ( 12 . 12b ) contains a DC AC converter with a power greater than 1 kilowatt, greater than 5 kilowatts or greater than 10 kilowatts. Charging station ( 12 . 12b ) according to claim 2, wherein the charging station has a DC AC converter ( 156 ) or a DC to DC converter or an AC to DC AC (156) converter having a power less than 1 kilowatts, and preferably with the charging port ( 16 . 16b ) for the means of transport ( 14 . 14b ) connected is. Charging station ( 12 . 12b ) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the bidirectionally operating AC DC converter ( 150 ) in the DC AC operating mode or the DC AC converter with a power greater than 1 kilowatt, greater than 5 kilowatts or greater than 10 kilowatts can not operate on the mains. Charging station ( 12 . 12a ) according to claim 1, wherein the charging station ( 12 . 12a ) an incoming alternating current to the means of transport ( 14 . 14a ) can pass or pass through. Charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit ( 20 . 66a . 66b ) is connected to a separation unit (S1a, S1b), with which the charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) from the power grid ( 24 . 28a . 28b ) can be separated. Charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) according to claim 6, wherein the detection unit ( 110a . 110b ) from the charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) is arranged behind the separation unit (S1a, S1b). Charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) a separate power supply ( 82a . 82b ) which feeds at least one, at least two, at least three or all of the following units: the control unit ( 20 . 66a . 66b ), the transmitting unit ( 68a . 68b ), a lighting unit ( 98a . 98b ) for illuminating the environment of the charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ), a lighting unit ( 100a . 110b ) for illuminating a display unit of the charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ), in particular a backlight, a locking unit ( 100a . 110b ) and / or an unlocking unit ( 100a . 110b ) for a connection device of a charging cable ( 16 . 16a . 16b ), a cooling unit ( 100a . 110b ) of the charging station electronics ( 12 . 12a . 12b ), in particular a fan, an emergency call unit ( 100a . 110b ). Charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) can be connected with at least one other charging station in emergency mode in the power network. Charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) on a data transmission network ( 34 ) of an electronic building management system ( 32 ) and in emergency operation the building management system ( 32 ) the charging stations ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) in the energy supply of a building, in particular in an emergency lighting and / or an emergency call system and / or emergency ventilation. Method for operating a charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ), in particular a charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) according to one of the preceding claims, in which, in an emergency mode, a charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) or both a charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) as well as a building of an electric transport ( 14 . 14a . 14b ) is or are supplied with electrical energy. Method according to claim 11, wherein the charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) in case of failure of a voltage of a power supply network ( 24 . 28a . 28b ) of the means of transport ( 14 . 14a . 14b ) is supplied with electrical energy. Electric transport ( 14 . 14a . 14b ), in particular for use with a charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ) according to one of claims 1 to 10 or for use in a method according to claim 11 or 12, with a receiving unit ( 148a . 148b ), the messages or signals from a charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ), with a switching unit ( 124a . 200 ), which allows an operating mode in which an accumulator ( 130a . 130b ) of the means of transport ( 14 . 14a . 14b ) electrical energy to an external unit, in particular to a charging station ( 12 . 12a . 12b ), and with a control unit ( 126a . 126b ), the input side with the receiving unit ( 148a . 148b ) and the output side with the switching unit ( 124a . 200 ) connected is. Mode of Transport ( 14 . 14b ) according to claim 13, wherein the switching unit ( 200 ) has at least two connections through the switching unit ( 200 ) for a period of more than one second or more than 10 seconds, and / or wherein the electrical energy has a voltage less than 50 volts. Mode of Transport ( 14 . 14a ) according to claim 13, wherein the switching unit ( 124a ) is a DC AC converter, with which electrical energy can be supplied to an external unit, in particular a bidirectionally operating converter ( 124a ), and preferably wherein the transducer ( 124a ) in the DC AC operating mode can not work network-guided, and wherein preferably the converter ( 124a ) can deliver a voltage less than 50 volts.

Images