DE102008004485A1 - Covering of organic and inorganic phase change material, comprises introducing the phase change material into a porous, open-cellular carrier structure and providing the filled porous granulates with water vapor-tight layer - Google Patents
Covering of organic and inorganic phase change material, comprises introducing the phase change material into a porous, open-cellular carrier structure and providing the filled porous granulates with water vapor-tight layer Download PDFInfo
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- DE102008004485A1 DE102008004485A1 DE200810004485 DE102008004485A DE102008004485A1 DE 102008004485 A1 DE102008004485 A1 DE 102008004485A1 DE 200810004485 DE200810004485 DE 200810004485 DE 102008004485 A DE102008004485 A DE 102008004485A DE 102008004485 A1 DE102008004485 A1 DE 102008004485A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/04—Making microcapsules or microballoons by physical processes, e.g. drying, spraying
- B01J13/043—Drying and spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0004—Use of compounding ingredients, the chemical constitution of which is unknown, broadly defined, or irrelevant
- C08J9/0009—Phase change materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
- C08J9/40—Impregnation
- C08J9/405—Impregnation with polymerisable compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/05—Open cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are open
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2463/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verkapselung von organischen und anorganischen Latentwärmespeichermaterialien (auch Phasenwechselmaterialien oder Phase Change Materials kurz PCMs genannt). Organische und Anorganische PCMs werden in geeignete poröse und offenzellige Trägerstrukturen mit Abmessungen im Bereich von 1 mm–10 mm eingebracht. Um das Austreten des flüssigen PCMs und die Diffusion von Wasserdampf ins PCM (speziell bei den Salzhydraten) zu verhindern, werden die befüllten Trägerstrukturen mit einem Polymer z. B. im Wirbelschichtverfahren ummantelt.The The invention relates to the encapsulation of organic and inorganic Latent heat storage materials (also phase change materials or Phase Change Materials called PCMs for short). Organic and inorganic PCMs are transformed into suitable porous and open-cell support structures with dimensions in the range of 1 mm-10 mm introduced. To the leakage of the liquid PCM and the diffusion of To prevent water vapor into the PCM (especially with the salt hydrates) become the filled carrier structures with a Polymer z. B. encased in the fluidized bed process.
Alternativ kann das flüssige PCM in diffusionsdichte Behälter (ohne Trägerstruktur) gefüllt werden, welche dann diffusionsdicht verkapselt werden.alternative Can the liquid PCM in diffusion-tight container (without support structure) are filled, which then be encapsulated diffusion-tight.
[Stand der Technik][State of the art]
Zurzeit werden viele Bürogebäude in Leichtbauweise erstellt. Die Verkürzung der Bauzeiten durch einen hohen Vorfertigungsgrad und die Reduktion der Bauteilkosten sind dabei maßgebend. Nachteil dieser Bauweise ist die fehlende Wärmekapazität, was dazu führt, dass die Temperaturschwankungen im Inneren zunehmen, sommerliche Temperaturspitzen auftreten und die Regelbarkeit der Innentemperatur mittels Gebäudeleittechnik erschwert wird.For now many office buildings are being built in lightweight construction. The shortening of the construction times due to a high degree of prefabrication and the reduction of component costs are decisive. Disadvantage of this design is the lack of heat capacity, which causes the temperature fluctuations inside increase, summer temperature peaks occur and controllability the indoor temperature is difficult by means of building management technology becomes.
Geeignete Latentwärmespeichermaterialien weisen einen Phasenübergang im Raumtemperaturbereich (ca. 25°C) auf. Sie können große Mengen an Wärmeenergie (100...400 kJ/dm3, je nach Material) reversibel aufnehmen und wieder abgeben. Damit sind diese Materialien ideal, um eine große Wärmekapazität nahezu masselos in Leichtbauten einzubringen. Je nach verwendetem PCM kann eine Wärmemenge pro Millimeter PCM-Schichtstärke aufgenommen werden, die der Wärmeaufnahme von äquivalent 10 mm bis 40 mm Beton bei einer Temperaturerhöhung von 5°C entspricht. Wenn sich beispielsweise eine 10 cm-dicke Betonwand um 5°C erwärmt, dann hat sich die Temperatur einer 3 mm dicken PCM-Schicht mit einer Schmelzenthalpie von 333 kJ/dm3 noch nicht erhöht.Suitable latent heat storage materials have a phase transition in the room temperature range (about 25 ° C). They can absorb and release large amounts of heat energy (100 ... 400 kJ / dm 3 , depending on the material) reversibly. Thus, these materials are ideal to bring a large heat capacity almost massless in lightweight structures. Depending on the PCM used, an amount of heat per millimeter PCM layer thickness can be recorded, which corresponds to the heat absorption of equivalent 10 mm to 40 mm concrete at a temperature increase of 5 ° C. For example, if a 10 cm-thick concrete wall warms by 5 ° C, then the temperature of a 3 mm thick PCM layer with a melting enthalpy of 333 kJ / dm 3 has not yet increased.
Durch die Vermeidung sommerlicher Temperaturspitzen wird somit ein besseres Raumklima geschaffen. Vor allem wird dadurch der Energieverbrauch zur Klimatisierung der in Leichtbauweise errichteten Gebäude deutlich reduziert. Bei einer Kombination der PCM-Elemente mit einer effizienten Nachtlüftung, kann auf eine Klimatisierung sogar ganz verzichtet werden.By the avoidance of summertime temperature peaks will thus be a better one Room climate created. Above all, this is the energy consumption for the air conditioning of lightweight buildings significantly reduced. In a combination of the PCM elements with a efficient night ventilation, can be on air conditioning even completely dispensed with.
Bei Pilotversuchen hat sich allerdings gezeigt, dass PCMs nicht einfach in Bauplatten oder Materialien integrierbar sind.at However, pilot testing has shown that PCMs are not easy can be integrated in building boards or materials.
Zur Ummantelung der PCM gibt es derzeit zwei Möglichkeiten: Zum einen werden organische Materialien, insbesondere Paraffine, in wenige Mikrometer große Polymerhüllen in einem Emulsionsprozess mikroverkapselt. Zum anderen können Paraffine, wie auch die anorganischen Salzhydrate in makroskopisch großen Behältern (Folienbeutel, Kunststoffcontainer oder auch in Stegmehrfachplatten) makroverkapselt werden. Während sich die Mikrokapseln eignen, um PCM sicher in Baustoffe und Gebäude zu integrieren, weisen die makroskopischen Behälter Nachteile bei der Integration und bei der Zyklenstabilität auf. In den größeren Hohlkammern mit Abmessungen von mehreren Kubikzentimetern kann sich die Zusammensetzung der PCMs auf Salzbasis in die Bestandteile trennen, was die Schmelzenthalpie verringert und die Phasenübergangstemperatur verändert. Ein weiterer Nachteil der makroskopischen Verkapselung ist, dass bei Beschädigungen der Behälter größere Mengen PCM auslaufen und Bauteile in Mitleidenschaft ziehen können.to Sheathing PCM there are currently two options: On the one hand, organic materials, especially paraffins, in a few micrometers large polymer shells in one Emulsion process microencapsulated. On the other hand, paraffins, as well as the inorganic salt hydrates in macroscopically large Containers (foil bags, plastic containers or else in web multiple plates) are macro-encapsulated. While The microcapsules lend themselves to PCM safely in building materials and buildings to integrate, the macroscopic container have disadvantages in terms of integration and cycle stability. In the larger hollow chambers with dimensions of several Cubic centimeters, the composition of the salt-based PCMs may be in the components separate, which reduces the enthalpy of fusion and the phase transition temperature changes. Another Disadvantage of macroscopic encapsulation is that in case of damage to the Containers leak larger amounts of PCM and components can affect.
Für
die Mikroverkapselung von organischen Latentwärmespeichern
(Paraffinen) auf Basis einer Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion ist
beispielsweise
Als
Alternative zu den fest-flüssig Phasenübergängen
ist z. B. in
Applikationen
von mikroverkapseltem PCM im Textilbereich werden z. B. in
Verkapselte
PCM-Pellets (ohne Trägerstruktur) werden in
Der
Einsatz von organischen PCMs im Baubereich ist Gegenstand von zahlreichen
Schriften:
In
Die
Anwendung von PCMs als temperaturstabilisiernde Thermobarriere für
Gebäudekonstruktion, Geräteherstellung, Textilien
und andere Isolationsanwendungen auf der Basis von paraffinischen Kohlenwasserstoffen
wird in
In
Zur
Temperaturregulierung in Fasern, Geweben und Textilien wird PCM
in
In
Kleidungsstücken findet PCM auch in
Für
die Anwendung von PCMs im Automobilbereich ist z. B.
Der
Entflammbarkeit von Paraffinen soll in
Eine
Verpackung, die zur Temperaturstabilisierung mit PCM versehen ist,
ist Gegenstand von
In
PCM
mit Polymer wird als „thermal interface material" zwischen
Wärmequelle und Kältesenke in
Reine
PCM-Partikel werden in
Zur
Kühlung elektronischer Bauteile wird PCM in
Erwähnenswert
ist auch noch
In
In
der Offenlegungsschrift
[Beschreibung der Erfindung]DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Die Erfindung beschreibt ein Verfahren zur dauerhaften Verkapselung von Paraffinen, Salzhydraten oder mit organischen Additiven versehenen Salzhydraten in preiswerten Materialen mit Abmessungen zwischen 1 mm–10 mm. Einsatzmöglichkeiten solcher verkapselten PCMs sind z. B.:
- • Einbringung in Gipsprodukte zur passiven Nutzung mittels freier Konvektion,
- • Einbringung als Granulatschüttung in Hohlräume zur aktiven Nutzung durch Zu- und/oder Abluft,
- • Kombination von PCM in abgehängten Decken zur Nutzung in Kombination mit Hinterlüftung oder Wasserdurchströmung,
- • oder Einarbeitung der PCM-Kapseln in Folien, Membranen oder Geweben in Kombination mit Gipsputzen oder Deckensystemen.
- Incorporation into gypsum products for passive use by means of free convection,
- • introduction as granulate fill in cavities for active use by supply and / or exhaust air,
- • Combination of PCM in suspended ceilings for use in combination with rear ventilation or water flow,
- • or incorporation of PCM capsules in films, membranes or fabrics in combination with gypsum plaster or ceiling systems.
Während bei Paraffinen ein Auslaufen und eventuelles Ausgasen leichterer Bestandteile verhindert werden soll, muss bei salzhydrathaltigen PCMs eine wasserdampfdichte Umhüllung erfolgen, um eine Änderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung und ein damit verbundenes verändertes thermophysikalisches Verhalten in Bezug auf Schmelzpunkt, Erstarrungsverhalten und Schmelzenthalpie zu vermeiden. Flüssiges PCM wird in einem speziellen Verfahren in Trägerstrukturen eingebracht, welches folgenden Anforderungskriterien genügen muss:
- • Formstabil auch bei größeren Schütthöhen (z. B. bei der Verarbeitung in Rührbehältern und der Aufbringung einer Ummantelung), sowie statisch stabil gegenüber inneren Kräften der Ausdehnung und Kristallisation,
- • chemisch inert gegenüber PCM-Materialien und PCM-Compounds insbesondere Salzen und Paraffinen, sowie entsprechender Additive,
- • granulierbar,
- • hohe Saugfähigkeit bei gleichermaßen hoher Rückhaltekraft,
- • hohes Beladungsvermögen (> 30 VOL-%) bei stabiler, homogener Porenstruktur,
- • thermisch stabil im Anwendungsbereich,
- • nicht brennbar bzw. schwer entflammbar,
- • und preisgünstig.
- • Dimensionally stable even at high bed heights (eg during processing in stirred tanks and the application of a jacket), as well as statically stable against internal forces of expansion and crystallization,
- • chemically inert towards PCM materials and PCM compounds, especially salts and paraffins, as well as corresponding additives,
- • granular,
- • high absorbency with equally high retention force,
- • high loading capacity (> 30 VOL-%) with stable, homogeneous pore structure,
- • thermally stable in the field of application,
- • non-flammable or flame retardant,
- • and reasonably priced.
Als Beispiele für geeignete Trägerstrukturen konnten für Paraffine Diatomeenerden und für salzhydrathaltige PCMs Phenolharzhartschäume identifiziert werden. Die befüllten Trägerstrukturen werden im Wirbelschichtverfahren mit geeigneten Polymeren ummantelt. Bei höherschmelzenden Paraffinen können beispielsweise wasserbasierte Materialien z. B. auf Polyurethanbasis oder ein wasserverdünntes Harz zum Einsatz kommen. Bei einer mit salzhydrathaltigem PCM befüllten Trägerstruktur sollte ein Lösungsmittel verwendet werden, welches eine Prozessierung unterhalb des Schmelzpunkts des PCMs erlaubt. Für bei Raumtemperatur schmelzende PCMs könnte ein Polymer auf Basis von Methacrylsäure und Methylmethacrylat mit Propan-2-ol als Lösungsmittel oder ein biobasiertes polymeres Material mit einem hohen Gehalt an nichtpolaren, hydrophoben Aminosäuren mit Propan-2-ol als Lösungsmittel zum Einsatz kommen. Da die Verdunstung des Lösungsmittels und die Aushärtung des Polymers bereits bei relativ geringen Temperaturen erfolgt, sind hiermit Beschichtungen bereits unterhalb einer Temperatur von 20°C möglich.When Examples of suitable support structures could for paraffins diatomaceous earth and for salt hydrate PCMs phenolic resin foams are identified. The filled Carrier structures are in the fluidized bed process with suitable Encased polymers. For higher melting paraffins can For example, water-based materials z. B. based on polyurethane or a water-diluted resin are used. at a filled with Salzhydathaltigem PCM support structure should a solvent be used which is a Processing below the melting point of the PCM allowed. For room temperature melting PCMs could be a polymer based on methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate Propan-2-ol as a solvent or a bio-based polymer Material with a high content of nonpolar, hydrophobic amino acids be used with propan-2-ol as a solvent. There the evaporation of the solvent and the curing the polymer already takes place at relatively low temperatures, are hereby coatings already below a temperature of 20 ° C possible.
Bei einer alternativen Vorgehensweise werden aus Epoxidharz kleine Behälter hergestellt, die mit dem flüssigen Salzhydrat ohne Trägerstruktur befüllt und anschließend verkapselt werden. Zur Herstellung dieser Kapseln wird zunächst mit Hilfe eines Negativs (z. B. aus Silicon) ein offenes Epoxidharztöpfchen hergestellt, in welches das flüssige Salzhydrat (ohne Trägerstruktur) eingefüllt wird. Um die Behälter mit Epoxidharz abzuschließen, wird zunächst das PCM zum Erstarren gebracht und der Behälter anschließend mit Epoxidharz verschlossen.at In an alternative approach, epoxy containers become small containers made with the liquid salt hydrate without carrier structure filled and then encapsulated. to Preparation of these capsules is first with the help of a negative (eg from silicone) an open epoxy hypodermic pot produced, in which the liquid salt hydrate (without carrier structure) is filled. To the containers with epoxy resin At first, the PCM will freeze and then the container with epoxy resin locked.
[Ausführungsbeispiel][Embodiment]
Als Vorlage zum Beschichten in der Wirbelschicht wurden 800 g–1000 g des mit dem Paraffin RT52 beladenen Granulats GR41 mit Abmessungen von 1 mm–3 mm von Rubitherm GmbH verwendet. Als Formulierung für die Ummantelung wurde Alberdingk® U 5200 VP, eine Polyurethan-Dispersion mit 38% Feststoffgehalt von Alberdingk Boley GmbH gewählt. Als Wirbelschichtanlage wurde das Modell Glatt GPCG 3.1, ein Top-Spray & Wurster mit einer Kapazität von 800 g–4500 g verwendet. Die Sprühlösungen (eingesprühte Menge: 1333 g–1866 g) mit einem Feststoffgehalt von 15%–25% wurden mittels des Topspray-Verfahren in den Wirbelschichtgranulator durch eine Düse mit einem Durchmesser von 2 mm bei einem Sprühdruck von 2 bar eingesprüht. Die Zulufttemperaturen betrugen 65°C– 106°C, die Ablufttemperaturen erreichten 42°C–68°C bei Produkttemperaturen von 30°C–90°C, bevorzugt von 30°C–45°C, wobei für 5–10 Minuten bei bevorzugt 45°C–50°C nachgetrocknet wurde. Der Luftdurchsatz betrug 190 m3/h–274 m3/h, die Sprühlösung war auf Raumtemperatur temperiert. Als Siebbodenmaterial fand ein Polyester-Vlies Verwendung.As a template for coating in the fluidized bed, 800 g-1000 g of granules GR41 loaded with paraffin RT52 and having dimensions of 1 mm-3 mm were used by Rubitherm GmbH. As a formulation for sheath Alberdingk ® U 5200 VP, a polyurethane dispersion with 38% solids content of Alberdingk Boley GmbH was chosen. As a fluidized bed system, the model Glatt GPCG 3.1, a top spray & Wurster with a capacity of 800 g-4500 g was used. The spray solutions (sprayed amount: 1333 g-1866 g) with a solids content of 15% -25% were sprayed by means of the Topspray process in the fluidized bed granulator through a nozzle with a diameter of 2 mm at a spray pressure of 2 bar. The supply air temperatures were 65 ° C-106 ° C, the exhaust air temperatures reached 42 ° C-68 ° C at product temperatures of 30 ° C-90 ° C, preferably from 30 ° C-45 ° C, with preferred for 5-10 minutes 45 ° C-50 ° C was dried. The air throughput was 190 m 3 / h-274 m 3 / h, the spray solution was tempered to room temperature. The screen bottom material used was a polyester fleece.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
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Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
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DE200810004485 DE102008004485A1 (en) | 2008-01-14 | 2008-01-14 | Covering of organic and inorganic phase change material, comprises introducing the phase change material into a porous, open-cellular carrier structure and providing the filled porous granulates with water vapor-tight layer |
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DE200810004485 DE102008004485A1 (en) | 2008-01-14 | 2008-01-14 | Covering of organic and inorganic phase change material, comprises introducing the phase change material into a porous, open-cellular carrier structure and providing the filled porous granulates with water vapor-tight layer |
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DE102008004485A1 true DE102008004485A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
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DE200810004485 Withdrawn DE102008004485A1 (en) | 2008-01-14 | 2008-01-14 | Covering of organic and inorganic phase change material, comprises introducing the phase change material into a porous, open-cellular carrier structure and providing the filled porous granulates with water vapor-tight layer |
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DE202010001201U1 (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2011-06-01 | REHAU AG + Co., 95111 | Cooling system for the battery of an electric vehicle |
NL2004246C2 (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-16 | L G J Wolters Beheer Lichtenvoorde B V | Heat storage material and its method of manufacturing. |
DE102011053308A1 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-07 | Biologic Gmbh | Phase change material composition and latent heat storage element made therefrom; Method for producing a latent heat storage element and method for conditioning a medium by means of the latent heat storage element |
EP2589638A1 (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2013-05-08 | Basf Se | Heat storing compound comprising a cationic polyelectrolyte and calcium chloride hexahydrate |
CN105968829A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-09-28 | 福建天利高新材料有限公司 | Micro-foaming phase change paraffin material and preparation method thereof |
CN108251074A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-07-06 | 北京今日能源科技发展有限公司 | A kind of 89 degree of phase-changing energy storage materials |
CN108298935A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-07-20 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of solar greenhouse wall body composite phase change energy-storing inside holding mortar and preparation method thereof |
US10583978B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2020-03-10 | Cold Chain Technologies, Llc | Pallet cover compromising one or more temperature-control members and kit for use in making the pallet cover |
US10604326B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2020-03-31 | Cold Chain Technologies, Llc. | Pallet cover comprising one or more temperature-control members and kit for use in making the pallet cover |
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US11591133B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2023-02-28 | Cold Chain Technologies, Llc | Pallet cover comprising one or more temperature-control members and kit for use in making the pallet cover |
US11964795B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2024-04-23 | Cold Chain Technologies, Llc | Device comprising one or more temperature-control members and kit for use in making the device |
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CN105968829A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-09-28 | 福建天利高新材料有限公司 | Micro-foaming phase change paraffin material and preparation method thereof |
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CN108251074A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-07-06 | 北京今日能源科技发展有限公司 | A kind of 89 degree of phase-changing energy storage materials |
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CN108298935B (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2020-07-14 | 菏泽学院 | Composite phase change energy storage internal thermal insulation mortar for sunlight greenhouse wall and preparation method thereof |
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CN112742381A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shell-layer distributed catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112940340A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-06-11 | 武汉工程大学 | Preparation method of polyurethane composite sponge with photo-thermal and electric-thermal conversion performance |
CN112940340B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-07-19 | 武汉工程大学 | Preparation method of polyurethane composite sponge with photo-thermal and electrothermal conversion performance |
DE102021126049A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 | 2023-04-13 | Technische Universität Darmstadt, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | REINFORCEMENT FABRIC FOR A BUILDING COMPONENT |
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