DE102007057329A1 - stretcher - Google Patents

Abstract

An improved stretching machine, in particular longitudinal or sequential length and transverse or simultaneous stretching machine, is characterized by the following features: a drive system (AS) is provided, by means of which the clips (3) of the clip system (KS) can be driven, - The Kluppensystem (KS) with the associated clips (3) is separated from the drive system (AS) to form a separation and / or interface (IF), - The drive system (AS) is equipped with drive-side primary coupling devices (pKE), - The clips (3) are provided with secondary coupling devices (SKE), - to the drive system (AS) belonging driven primary coupling devices (pKE) are coupled to the respective, on a cleat system (KS) provided secondary coupling element (SKE), and - the coupling and / or the degree of coupling between the drive-side primary coupling device (pKE) and with a secondary coupling device (sKE) equipped with clips (3) different adjustable.

Description

The The invention relates to a stretching installation for a moving material web, in particular for stretching plastic films according to the preamble of the claim 1.

A generic stretching machine is for example from the DE 37 41 582 A1 known. The advancing of a material web to be stretched takes place by means of clips, which are each mounted on carriages which are movably arranged on both sides of the material web to be stretched on revolving guide rails. The clips are successively from an inlet zone (in which the edge is detected, for example, a plastic film to be stretched) via a stretching zone (in which the opposite clips on diverging rail sections under increasing acceleration are moved away from each other) to a run-off zone and then on a return path again proceed to the inlet zone, wherein the film in the outlet zone, for example, can be subjected to a certain relaxation.

Known have become both Querreckanlagen (so-called TD systems), longitudinal stretching systems (so-called MD plants) as well as biaxial stretching plants in the form of sequential or simultaneous stretching plants, in which a material web, in particular a Plastic film web, in the longitudinal and transverse direction of a Is subjected to stretching.

In the aforementioned generic art, such as. B. the DE 37 41 582 and the WO 2004/71 748 a simultaneous stretching apparatus is described in which the movement of the clips for clamping and holding the film edge of a plastic film web to be stretched over chain scissor members along the guide rail is caused. These chain scissors links are each hinged to each other on the side opposite the film web side of the carriage.

Next the guide rail for the clip-bearing Carriage is provided with another control rail, with the a guide part of the chain scissors links cooperates and about the chain scissors links by a reduction in distance between the two guide means in opening and closing direction can be pivoted.

One Such a construction is suitable for a simultaneous stretching installation, in the actual stretching zone (ie after the inlet zone) the chain scissor links are increasingly being opened, causing the sledges to become progressively larger Distance from each other. In the entry area take the sledges the smallest distance to each other, by the distance between the centers of the sledges that touch or can touch, be true. The corresponding maximum distance is usually at the end of the stretch zone and / or reached in the outlet zone, which ultimately the stretching ratio is fixed.

At the generic prior art is usually So a so-called Pentagraphsystem, which is a series of Has disadvantages, since it is z. B. to tension, the so-called. Self-locking, at the transition from the inlet zone to the stretch zone tends, if but the distance between the individual clips of the cleat system of in the inlet zone still close to each other folded scissor lever enlarged shall be.

In the EP 1 331 082 A1 (equals to JP 2003/211 533 ) also describes a simultaneous stretching machine, in which the clips are arranged on longitudinally movable carriers. The longitudinally movable carriers are laterally movable to be stretched plastic film web on a straight path, the clips can be adjusted to different heights across the carriers. Thus, a drive means for different acceleration of the carrier in the machine direction and thus for the adjustment of the desired degree of stretching in the longitudinal direction of the plastic film web and an actuator in the transverse direction thereto (transverse direction) provided for the clips, thereby adjusting the degree of stretching in the transverse direction.

A basically comparable solution is also from the JP 2006/142 595 A known.

According to this Pre-publication is parallel to Maschi nenrichtung (Longitudinal) extending feed path for carrier devices provided on both outer sides of the stretched film web, on which in turn the clips set in different transverse position can be. The carriers of the clips are on the feed path running in the machine longitudinal direction with different speeds and acceleration vorbewegbar why separate for each Klupenträger and individually controllable motors for each one specific Position relative to the machine longitudinal and transverse direction (MD / TD coordinate) are provided.

As already mentioned, the known pentagraph systems have disadvantages especially insofar as in each case only a very specific stretching ratio can be predetermined mechanically. If a changeover to another ratio is required, the system must be stopped and mecha be readjusted. In contrast, the other prior art systems mentioned above have the disadvantages that a relatively large mass must be moved with respect to the MD / TD motors including the associated support and movement mechanism, and in addition that the lever ratios a very rigid construction of in the cross machine direction (TD direction) to make effective traction arms required.

task The present invention is therefore an improved stretching machine for moving material webs, in particular plastic film webs to create, which is simpler and with the highest variably a desired stretching but also relaxation (the so-called retard concept) of the material web in machine direction (MD) and to the transverse (TD) direction, can be made. In particular, in the context of the invention, a differently adjustable Reckurig and / or retardation sequentially or simultaneously in longitudinal and transverse extension at any procedural positions in the stretching system be feasible.

The The object is achieved according to the invention solved in claim 1 features. advantageous Embodiments of the invention are in the subclaims specified.

in the The present invention is a completely new Walk on path.

Of the The core of the invention lies in the fact that between the clips or the clip system for holding and grasping a Foil edge and the associated drive system of the clips one Interface is provided. In other words, the drive and the clipping system separated from each other so that the drive system even with the clip system with a desired and / or Preset speed to be driven in the direction of rotation can. In the area of the mentioned cut or separation point is a coupling device between the drive system and the Clutch system provided, over which the coupling between Drive and clamp system made variable, d. H. variable can be adjusted. This is the location and / or speed or the acceleration of the clips adjustable, and not by means of the known prior art disadvantageous systems and Systems. For example, if the drive system with a predefinable driven maximum speed, so in the context of the invention, the clip system in discrete steps and preferably continuously with the Drive system can be coupled, that the clip system with a according to different speed between the speed 0 (ie standing) and the maximum speed of the drive system can be moved.

through the stretching unit according to the invention leaves However, the draw ratio is not limited to machine longitudinal, but also in the transverse direction (ie transversely to the take-off direction of the web material, preferably in the form of a plastic film) continuously adjustable. In addition, above all, the strain rate can be make the web to be stretched variable. That the system In addition, a relaxation not only in the machine direction (MD direction), but also in the transverse direction (in so-called TD direction) allowed, has an advantageous effect especially in the production from optical films.

Especially with this system is the control of the anisotropy factor Rth, the so-called fast axis and bowing for optical films (LCD, Solar, e-paper) possible. For coating systems (Sol Gel Procedures etc.) can also have auxiliary systems Highly accurate infeed control can be realized in online coatings and subsequently sequentially or simultaneously stretching the coated one Foil is essential. Furthermore, it is possible with the system different stretching processes and methods for the right or left edge of the film web (the so-called. Drive side DS and operator side OS).

These conditions are in addition to this Annex described here only by the LISIM method ( WO 99/48671 ) can be fulfilled.

The stretching unit according to the invention comprises for this purpose a first guide and / or rail device, along which the individual clips are movable, in particular with their associated clip carriage or carriage, and a separate second guide and / or rail system, on which the associated drive system for the individual clips can be moved or moved longitudinally. Between the drive and the claw system, ie in the region of the cutting or separation point between the drive and claw system, the coupling device according to the invention is then provided and effective. The drive and the clamping system can be provided in different relative position to each other with the coupling device acting therebetween. Thus, the cleat system above the drive system, rather horizontally offset laterally lying to be arranged or even below the drive system. Basic restrictions do not exist here. In this case, the coupling can be done mechanically, for example by means of a wheel, friction wheel and / or gear, which cooperates for example with a drive-side chain. By adjusting the braking forces on the wheel, which is held and anchored, for example, to the associated clip-on wagon, the percentage of the driving speed can be adjusted with the drive-side chain system drives the club-side carriage system. But also other mechanical coupling devices and coupling measures are possible in the field of inventively provided interface.

through The mentioned variable coupling can therefore be a desired relative speed between the clip system or individual clips at certain points of the orbit of the stretching unit in relation to the drive speed of the drive system to adjust. It is provided within the scope of the invention that in particular the drive system and in particular that provided on the drive system or coupling device formed thereon, which also partially as primary coupling device or coupling devices be provided, continuously or at least quasi-continuously whereas those with these primary couplers cooperating secondary coupling devices to the individual clips (ie the clip-on wagon, sled carriage, etc.) quasi "discontinuous" are provided. Because the clips exist from so-called single-clips, for example, in demarcation to the so-called Pentagraphsystem no the neighboring clips connecting scissor levers etc. This makes it possible for that the single clips and the secondary ones provided there Coupling devices depending on different degrees of coupling and thus different relative speed over the drive system and the trained on the drive system secondary coupling device can run away quasi (Here therefore always a drive connection with differently adjustable Relative speed is realized).

So is alternatively and additionally an electromagnetic Coupling possible. This can, for example, according to the eddy current principle respectively. This also allows the "slip" and thus a desired speed difference between the drive-side propulsion device and the driven clip device by providing a desired stretching ratio continuously adjust and adjust. The coupling can be done also be realized again in different places.

In a particularly preferred embodiment is the Drive system formed in the form of a chain whose chain links directly as coupling elements, for example for generating eddy currents, Serve to the corresponding adjustment speed for to adjust the clips.

Next However, the coupling measures mentioned above is also the use of magneto-rheological fluids in the gap, d. H. So between the drive system and the Kluppen- or Sling system (generally between a primary and a secondary side). Furthermore, can also a spatially different big separation be provided between drive and clip system, so that Change in the distance between the drive and the club side Coupling sections a differently sized "slip" and thus different feed rates for the individual clips can be adjusted.

The Solution according to the invention ultimately offers Advantages for the stretchers in question, namely both in the usually provided inlet zone, the subsequent stretching zone and the outlet, relaxation and / or annealing zone in which the draw ratio in Transverse direction of the film even in general compared to the Reduced or increased at the end of the stretching zone can. It is also not possible the stretch geometry only symmetrical to the longitudinal film center, but also asymmetrical. The invention offers here to simple Way the possibility of stretching ratios on the left and the right side of the film (the so-called DS- or OS page), for example, in the production of optical films differently adjust.

In The inlet zone can be particularly easily in the context of the invention desired pitch are set variably, so a certain optimal distance between two consecutive clips (the so-called retard concept).

After all It is also relatively easy in the context of the invention, to provide auxiliary systems for the propulsion of individual clips as required For example, in the inlet zone, in the stretching zone or in the so-called Outlet or Heat set and Annealingzone.

These Auxiliary systems can be used to operate in the appropriate Zone entirely or at least partially for the corresponding Drive, feed etc. of the clips to provide. In this area The drive zone may be on a different route than the tug rail run, the drive zone then at a suitable location in a transfer area usually at the end of each zone or zone section returned to the club guide device is to there at the mentioned interface the feed motion the clips with the desired speed and acceleration etc. to carry out and regulate.

The auxiliary systems can be installed at different locations, parallel to the corresponding Kluppenbahn, above the eigentli chen Kluppenbahn, below etc ..

The Auxiliary systems can, for. B. as a kind of "caterpillar drive" be formed on a circumferential path of movement, further preferably be in the form of a linear motor drive or in the form of individually driven and controllable motors, etc. Also with these auxiliary systems can the drive for the clips controlled if necessary at the in question cutting and / or separation point between the drive-side primary side (drive system) and the driven Secondary side (clip system) made the auxiliary device become.

Further Advantages, details and features of the invention will become apparent the embodiments illustrated by drawings. there show in detail:

1 a schematic plan view of a simultaneous stretching machine;

2a : a schematic explanation regarding the structure and operation of a simultaneous stretching machine;

2 B : a schematic representation of the effect of a pure longitudinal stretching plant;

2c : a corresponding representation to illustrate a pure Querreckanlage;

3 : a schematic cross-sectional view transversely to the advancing movement of a drive system constructed according to the invention and a clip system which can be driven by it;

4 : a modified embodiment to 3 ;

5 : a schematic representation of the in 4 used coupling devices, namely using a drive-side chain, which cooperates with a club-side gear;

5a to 5c a cross-sectional and a fragmentary side view and a schematic, in part, three-dimensional representation of the in 4 schematically shown embodiment;

6 : one too 3 modified embodiment by means of an electromagnetic and taking place according to the eddy current principle coupling;

7 FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of eddy current elements according to the embodiment of FIG 6 be used;

8th : one too 6 modified embodiment;

9 : one to the previous ones 6 to 8th again modified embodiment in which the primary coupling devices is formed simultaneously by a drive-side feed device in the form of a transport chain;

10a to 10b a schematic side view and top view of the in 9 used drive chain;

11 : A schematic plan view of one half of a simultaneous stretching installation with an additionally provided inlet auxiliary system, by means of which the clips can be moved forward in the inlet zone with corresponding division;

12 : one too 11 modified embodiment in which the drive path of the drive system in subregions, in particular in an inlet zone runs at least partially separated to the guide path or the guideway of the cleat system;

13 : a corresponding top view 11 and 12 to illustrate an intended tempering and a meandering running Kluppenweg;

14 a fragmentary schematic plan view of the drive path and the Kluppenweg example, in the inlet zone for adjusting the coupling;

15 : one too 14 modified embodiment in which an additional auxiliary system is provided in the inlet zone between the tenter and the drive train;

16 : one too 3 modified and reproduced in schematic cross-section embodiment with an additionally provided auxiliary system;

17 : one more 16 modified embodiment, to illustrate that the auxiliary system can be provided at different locations;

18 : a schematic partial plan view of a variant of an auxiliary system in the manner of a "caterpillar drive";

19 : a variation too 18 in a schematic plan view using individually controllable and / or differently driven single motors;

20 a cross-sectional view illustrating the embodiment of the 19 ;

20a : a schematic excerpt spatial representation to illustrate the embodiment according to 19 and 20 ;

21 : a schematic plan view of a simultaneous stretching machine with DS and OS direction differently set stretching parameters;

22 a partial representation of the staple division in the stretch zone while allowing relaxation within the stretch zone, by means of an auxiliary drive additionally provided in the stretch zone using differently accelerated electric motors;

22a : a schematic partial plan view of a stretching system to illustrate a so-called slow-release concept;

23 a schematic plan view of the one half of a simultaneous stretching system with auxiliary system in the inlet zone and the stretching zone; and

24 a further modified embodiment of the invention with a revolving rope for the drive system.

Subsequently, first on 1 Reference is made, in which a schematic plan view of a stretching machine is shown.

It can be seen that in such, a transverse and longitudinal stretching enabling simultaneous stretching machine to be stretched plastic film web 1 (generally a material web 1 ) in an inlet region A at the film edge 1' taken in a subsequent stretching region B in the longitudinal and transverse directions stretched or retarded and subjected in a discharge area C of a certain post-treatment (relaxation and / or annealing) and released at the end of Auslaufbe area C again. These are transverse to the deduction direction 9 of the plastic film 1 lying laterally offset two closed circulation paths or orbits 5 provided on which clips circulate by means of a sled carriage or tug wagon. The clips take in the inlet area A the edge of the film 1' and are driven so that the desired transverse and longitudinal extension can be performed. After the clips at the end of the outlet zone the edge of the film 1 have returned, they return after undergoing a reversal 4 via a return path R to a so-called stack area S with reduction of the clip spacing usually back to the value 0, where the clips 3 usually be advanced under contact with adjacent clips until they get back into the inlet area A.

In the return zone R is the partial decoupling of Cleats of the drive system and thus a corresponding speed reduction or acceleration delay to the inlet velocity v1. In the return and stack zone can if necessary a tempering (heating / cooling) of the clips performed become.

In 1 the zones A, B and C are shown in their approximate longitudinal extent, wherein for one of the two closed circulation paths 5 for the clips 3 In addition, the so-called return zone R is also located.

The above described structure is provided on both sides of the film, usually symmetrical to a mean vertical plane M, in the schematic representation according to 1 runs perpendicular to the drawing plane.

The clips move in the stretching phase 3 in two, in locomotion or departure direction 9 the film web 1 divergent sections of the circulation path 5 , usually on corresponding rails, over which the film is stretched in the transverse direction. In the case of a simultaneous stretching system, the clips 3 on their diverging path in the stretching zone B also accelerates in the direction of travel, leaving the distance between two adjacent tethers 3 increases over the length of the stretching zone, so that over this also a stretching in the longitudinal direction of the film is effected.

With the so-called retard concept, it is also possible that in the stretching zone or another procedural step within the stretching unit, the clips in MD but also in TD are relaxed (retarded), ie the corresponding distance between the clips in MD direction or TD Direction is reduced (this is explained below with reference to 22a explained in more detail).

The stretching ratios are based on the schematic representation of 2a for the case of a simultaneous stretching machine, it being apparent from the grid lines drawn on the film surface that the film web 1 simultaneously in the longitudinal direction (MD direction) and in the transverse direction (TD direction) is stretched. However, the invention explained in detail below can also be realized in a pure longitudinal stretching system, as described with reference to FIG 2 B is shown. The film is stretched in this example only in the longitudinal direction, to which the clips must be increasingly accelerated, and thereby increases in the stretching zone, the distance between two adjacent clips.

However, in the case of a simul tanen, ie simultaneously taking place transverse and Längsreckanlage (or vice versa) be realized, namely, if z. B. the in 2c is shown schematically.

As is known, in zone A, the preheating of the film takes place 1 while the clips arriving in this area 3 the movie edges 1' capture and hold. Here is also the setting of the Kluppenteilung, ie the setting of that distance between two individual adjacent clips 3 and the inlet velocity v1. According to previously known solutions according to the prior art, the pitch is adjusted so that the clips are close to each other and thus the division by the mechanical conditions (eg., By the narrowest pentagraph folding) is given.

In contrast, It is discussed in detail in the context of the following Stretching system according to the invention possible, to specify this division in the preheating A variable.

About that In addition, of course, in the stretching zone B, the stretch ratio set variably and continuously variable become.

Even in the leakage or annealing zone C are relaxations, a reduction the stretching ratio (in the transverse direction of the film web) adjustable.

After all It is even possible without any problem within the scope of the invention different pitches, stretching ratios and / or elongation rates for both the left-hand part in plan view and the left one Half of the stretching unit (DS side) and the right part or the right half of the stretching unit (OS side) differently adjust. At the end of the exit zone leaves the Film the stretching machine with the exit speed v2.

Based on the schematic cross-sectional view according to 3 is a first inventive embodiment of the stretching system reproduced.

The cross-sectional view according to 3 takes place in a plane perpendicular to the film plane F and perpendicular to the rail system.

The basic structure of the stretching device according to the invention is characterized in that the Kluppensystem KS needed for the movement and for the stretching of the film is separated from the associated drive system AS to drive the Klupensystems KS, in other words, the Kluppensystem KS and the drive system AS along a between two existing interface IF not firmly connected but still coupled with each other, and variably adjustable. In this case, the Kluppensystem KS consists of individual units, which are separated from each other and separately along the guideway 5 be moved.

To implement the system is according to 3 A carrier 13 provided, which is usually mounted stationary, and according to the variant shown two support arms or Tragarmabschnitte 13a and 13b includes.

In the embodiment shown is by the lower support portion 13a (which is in the horizontal direction of the more vertical support 13 in the direction of film web 1 extends), a first drive rail 17 held, which is usually rectangular in cross-section, but may also have a different cross-sectional shape. For this purpose, so-called spring rails are preferably used, as they are known in principle from the prior art.

The AS drive system is on both sides of the film to be stretched 1 each on a circumferential (closed) guide path, ie on a corresponding guideway 105 (Wherein the guide path or the guideway is sometimes also referred to below as the drive path or drive train) longitudinally movable or movable. In the embodiment shown is along the drive rail 17 by suitable measures a feed device 18 for example in the form of a roller chain 18 ' driven all around. The roller chain 18 ' consists of a variety of orbits 105 successive chain links spaced from one another by means of roller chain trolleys or roller chain carriages on the associated guide and drive rail 17 are supported, using rollers and / or sliding bodies. In the illustrated embodiment, three pairs of cooperating rollers are provided for supporting a corresponding support point, ie a roller carriage or carriage between two chain links, namely an upper roller 22 and a lower roll 22 ' and an adjacent to the upper horizontal tread in the horizontal direction opposite running roles 23 . 23 ' respectively. 24 and 24 ' adjacent to the down facing tread on the drive rail 17 roll. Offset in the direction of travel to another set of rollers and / or sliding bodies on the corresponding chain section, in particular chain or chain carriage, may be provided to the chain according to the drive rail 17 moveable to store and hold.

Along this drive rail 17 is a belonging to the drive system AS, so a drive-side or primary coupling device pKE provided (with the feed device 18 or the roller chain described in the embodiment shown 18 ' connected and driven over it), along the drive rail 17 is movable. Separated therefrom - in the illustrated embodiment according to 3 - above the drive rail 17 in the distance to a clip guide rail 27 arranged on which the individual clips 3 in the direction of circulation on the circulation path 5 can be moved, with the circulation path 5 sometimes also referred to as a guide or guideway or Kluppenweg or Kluppenbahn.

The respective clip 3 has a usual clip lever 29 auf, by known, suitable measures between an opening and a in 3 shown closed position is adjustable, wherein in the closed position of the clip lever 29 the free end of the clip lever a film edge 1' between the free ends of the clip lever 29 and the associated clip table 30 clamped holds and about the stretched plastic film 1 in the withdrawal direction entrains.

The clip 3 (here like a dinghy or sled 3 is formed) can by suitable rollers and / or sliding elements along the clip guide rail 27 be moved. In the embodiment shown, for example, an upper pair of rollers 32 . 32 ' and a lower pair of roles 33 . 33 ' provided at the top and at the bottom of the clip guide rail 27 Unroll at the two opposite, perpendicular to the film plane F running surfaces. The entire arrangement is also supported by an upper roller 34 on the upper, running in the embodiment shown parallel to the plane F running surface. In this respect, reference is made to known or comparable solutions. As a rule, the clip-on wagon comprises a second roller and / or slider set, which is offset in the feed direction, ie a further leading or trailing set of corresponding rollers and / or sliding bodies, around a corresponding clip-on carriage securely and without tilting along the guide device and Rail to keep movable. Also in this case is the clip guide rail 27 preferably designed as a spring rail.

Finally is off 3 also to see that at the bottom of the sled carriage 3 a driven, ie in the present case secondary coupling device SKE is provided, which comes to rest at a small distance (air gap) and usually parallel to the primary coupling device pKE.

In the illustrated embodiment, therefore, between the drive-side primary coupling device pKE and the clip 3 or to the sledge 3 belonging driven, secondary coupling device SKE provided an interface IF, which is why the drive system AS and the Kluppensystem KS not firmly connected to each other, but along the interface IF is variably coupled.

From the described structure, it is apparent that the drive system AS using the roller chain 18 ' as a feed device 8th a total of the drive way or drive train 105 extending connecting drive system represents, whereas the driven thereon clips 3 are formed as individual groups, which have no connection to an adjacent clip, so no connection to an adjacent clip-on cart or clip carriage to be driven individually in the various sections of the stretching system with different speed and different acceleration to an adjacent clip.

Finally, in 3 still schematically a driving device 37 shown, over which electrically controlled, the degree of coupling between the primary coupling device pKE and the secondary coupling device SKE can be variably adjusted. With 37 ' and 37 '' are two alternative position possibilities of this driving device in 3 indicated only schematically, in all cases with the respective clip or the respective clip carriage 3 are movable, so connected and / or are positioned on it.

As both mentioned rails 17 and 27 on the same support structure 13 are fixed, is also a synchronous and uniform adjustment of the rail system transverse to the film take-off direction 9 , that is, possible in the TD direction to thereby set the degree of stretching in the transverse direction differently. Only for the sake of completeness is already mentioned at this point that the drive system is not limited to the use of a roller chain (or a slide chain, etc.) as a feed device, but as drive system all suitable systems are conceivable, for example, those from powered ropes , Tapes, etc. exist. In this case, the drive and rail system can be replaced by appropriate deflection and guide mechanisms.

Of the Degree of coupling or coupling between the primary or drive-side coupling part pKE and the secondary or driven coupling part SKE can now be within the scope of the invention especially continuous and variable and not only in discrete Steps can be set and / or changed.

When starting up the stretching unit, the drive system AS (if it does not already have an arbitrary initial speed vx) is raised from 0 to v2. As long as there is no coupling between the drive system AS and the Kluppensystem KS, stand the individual groups 3 on the clip rail 27 static.

Only when a coupling between the drive or roller chain 18 , ie, the primary coupling device pKE and the secondary coupling device sKE of a respective single clip 3 takes place, there is a propulsion of each individual unit 3 , By means of this coupling, it must therefore be ensured that in the preheating zone the clips receive the entry velocity v1 in order to embed the film. At the end of the longitudinal stretching (MD stretching), the coupling must be so strong that the drive system AS, by the set coupling, the respective individual unit 3 with the desired speed v2 drives, so the corresponding drive torques in this scope on the clip or the clip carriage or carriage 3 be transmitted. During the longitudinal stretching, the coupling is predetermined according to the desired stretching kinetics. In all process steps, and in particular during stretching in the longitudinal direction, relaxation and compensation of force reversal, which can occur during stretching for different types of film, are made possible. Already it can be seen that the individual groups 3 Depending on their respective position on the respective circulation path, they may in part be driven at completely different speeds and / or accelerations, even though the drive system is in orbit 105 circulating connected system has a uniform rotational speed.

The as part of 3 Only generally explained coupling in the region of the separation or interface IF can be realized by different technical measures, for example by a mechanical coupling, an electromagnetic coupling or deviating further technical measures.

Based on 4 and 5 an example of a mechanical coupling will be explained.

In 4 is a largely too 3 reproduced similar sectional view of a stretching machine, in this embodiment, the clip 3 associated coupling part, ie the secondary coupling SKE from a gear 41 exists or a gear 41 includes, for example, a brake 41 ' (Magnet, powder, engine, friction brake if necessary and an additional gear o. Ä.) With the roller chain 18 ' associated coupling part, that is coupled to the driving primary Koppelein direction pKE. The chain or roller chain can be a chain with appropriate division. In 4 the two coupling devices are shown only schematically. In 5 is the primary and the secondary coupling device pKE and SKE schematically indicated in plan view, which also shows that the teeth 41 ' of the gear 41 engage according to the division of the chain in the individual chain links and this the coupling between the chain 18 and gear 41 is effected.

In 5a is a schematic partial spatial representation of the embodiment according to 3 and 4 played.

In the preheating zone, the gear rotates 41 largely friction-free in accordance with the speed vx, with the coupling then being stepwise intensified, until then a complete coupling is carried out at the end of the stretching zone to produce a feed rate of the film at a speed v2. If this final speed v2 is the maximum speed to be reached, the gear would 41 In this case, stop spinning but stand firm, so by the mentioned brake 41 ' be completely blocked. With fully blocked brake 41 ' So then is the secondary coupling SKE and thus the clip 3 advances at the same speed v2 with which the drive system AS rotates. In other words, by the freewheel of the brake at all no drive speed to the secondary coupling device SKE and thus to the clip 3 transmitted, with increasingly strong braking effect, the gear 41 with increasingly lower speed of rotation on the chain 18 ' unwinds and increases in the same proportion so that on the secondary coupling direction SKE and thus the gear and the clip transmitted feed rate. According to the desired coupling brakes so the brake 41 ' the rotation of the gear 41 more or less, about which the clip is then more or less coupled to the drive system AS.

From the description it follows that the desired coupling between the driven primary coupling device pKE and secondary side coupling device SKE takes place by appropriate action of the brake, whereby the rotation of the gear between free rotation and full locking and braking can be set differently, so that according to the strength the braking effect, the clip is then more or less coupled to the drive, ie the drive system. When using the mentioned roller or sliding chain 18 ' for the feed device 18 it follows that this feed device 18 simultaneously represents the primary coupling device pKE, so the feed device 18 no additional technical measure for the primary coupling device pKE must include. Of course, of course, the primary coupling device pKE represent an additional technical measure that at the feed device 18 in general and on the roller or slide chain 18 ' is formed in particular, in order with the secondary coupling device SKE, the clip 3 to cooperate.

According to the support structure 13 and the arrangement of the lower or upper support section or support arm 13a . 13b can the arrangement of the gear 41 and the associated brake 41 ' also at another position deviating from 3 be provided. In this case, the in 4 schematically drawn separating plate arrangement or partition 43 , which serves for a heat and oil shield, also provided elsewhere and / or be formed so that the control, the brake and the storage is shielded from the ovens and thus can not get oil of the bearing lubrication in the draw area on the film.

Instead of the mentioned sliding or roller chain 18 ' can be used as a coupling part and another component preferably with a fixed pitch, such as a toothed belt or the like, use. The cooperating wheel or gear can also be designed differently, preferably not a frictional connection, but a positive connection between the two coupling devices is desired.

Alternatively or additionally, an electromagnetic coupling can also be implemented, as is the case for various exemplary embodiments with reference to FIG 6 to 10 is to be clarified, wherein an electromagnetic coupling with Kolliniarität between propulsion and claw track is described below.

For the effect of a magnetic and in particular electromagnetic Coupling are in principle electromagnets on the one hand and for example cooperating conductive coupling and / or plate elements to the other.

In the illustrated embodiment according to 6 is for example at least one electromagnet 45 for a relevant clip, ie clip carriage 3 provided and with this movable, wherein the electromagnet is mounted directly on the cleat side in the region of the interface IF, in the embodiment according to 6 on the clip sledge 3 lying down. The required power supply can, for example, via sliding contacts 47 and / or by inductive means or in any other suitable manner, possible busbars 49 in 6 on the carrier 13 and the associated sliding contacts 47 Immediately opposite to the sled dog 3 may be provided, so that an energy supply and energy transfer according to the double-headed view 47 ' can be made to the relevant clip-on wagon. At the same time is by an arrow 48 hinted that from the power rail 49 optionally via the sliding contacts 47 also a power supply with respect to a provided between the actual clip carriage and the associated clip sensor 50 and / or the drive device 37 can be done.

At the interface IF below the electromagnet 45 are the primary coupling devices pKE of the chain 18 ' provided in the form of electrically conductive, plate-shaped primary coupling devices pKE.

The possible design of the primary coupling devices pKE of the feed device 18 or the roller and / or slide chain shown in the embodiment shown 18 are in a schematic plan view according to 7 played. It can be seen that the individual primary coupling devices pKE part-circular heads 118a have, which in corresponding part-circular recesses 118b engage in an adjacent next primary Koppelein direction pKE. The geometry is in the formation of recesses 119 on the opposite sides adjacent to the part-circular heads 118a chosen so that in each case two adjacent, in the manner described interlocking primary coupling devices pKE are pivotable relative to each other in a certain sufficient angular range. The plate-shaped, provided with the heads and the recesses primary coupling means pKE are provided in its plane of extension parallel to the plane of action of the electromagnet and thus parallel to the separation plane IF extending and sit at the top of the corresponding chain elements 18 ' ,

By corresponding increase or decrease of the magnetic effect thereby eddy currents in the individual eddy current plates 141 Thus, the primary coupling means pKE are generated, whereby the coupling can be set and changed electromagnetically different, between a value of 0 to such a strength that the magnets 45 with the eddy current plates 141 without any relative movement with respect to the chain links 118 at the same speed as the chain 18 ' be moved forward.

The description shows that the material and shape of the eddy current plates 141 Care must be taken to ensure that a sufficient ge wanted electrical conductivity between the individual eddy current plates 141 and also the correspondingly matched necessary mechanical connection between two adjacent chain links 18 ' is guaranteed, because the on the chain 18 ' acting tensile forces by the drive means (where appropriate, in the form of a rope, a belt, a belt or the like.) Are introduced. The drive takes place z. B. by sprockets, as provided in sequential systems according to the prior art, especially in the deflection of the drive path.

In the embodiment according to 6 and 7 For example, the primary coupling devices pKE are in the form of flat eddy current plates 141 in its essential extension parallel to the film plane F (that is usually lying in the horizontal plane) aligned and only by a small air gap from the bottom of the effective surface of the electromagnet 45 separated. These eddy current plates 141 are in the illustrated embodiment overhead above the individual chains or chain links 18 ' fastened to the roller chain, in particular to the corresponding support sections, that is to say the so-called chain carriage of the revolving chain 18 ' , This support means provided with the rollers or sliders chain carrier 18 '' (Chain weighing 18 '' or track slide 18 '' ) are in 7 schematically indicated by a rectangular extension.

In the embodiment according to 8th is shown that the orientation of the eddy current plates 141 can also take place in another plane, for example in a vertical orientation or perpendicular to the film plane F. Here, the magnets are shaped and formed so that in each case a receiving space 145 inside a magnet 45 is formed, in which the associated coupling part "chain", ie the primary coupling device pKE engages. Otherwise, the function and action principle is comparable to that 6 , Also in this embodiment, as with that after 6 , The arrangement such that the primary coupling devices pKE here in the form of eddy current plates 141 mechanically fixed to the individual chain links 118 or chain links carriers (chain carriage) 18 '' the feed device 18 are fixed and mechanically advanced over this.

Based on 9 Another modification for electromagnetic coupling is shown.

In this embodiment, the two support sections 13a and 13b not on the same side of the carrier 13 arranged one above the other, but the carrier 13 is constructed so that the two support sections 13a and 13b run in the same or at different altitudes towards each other, so that at its end offset in the horizontal direction, the primary and the secondary coupling devices pKE and sKE are provided.

According to 9 are the electromagnets 45 turn to the respective clip-on wagon 3 mounted, separated by a small air gap thereof (as in the previous embodiments also) the primary coupling means pKE here again in the form of eddy current plates 141 in a drive rail 17 is guided by a sliding bearing. In this embodiment, the eddy current plates 141 according to plan view 10a and in transverse view according to 10b be formed, so be designed more or less rectangular, wherein the eddy current plates 141 in the direction of rotation in each case with an adjacent eddy current plate 141 via a hinge axis 142 are hinged together. The respective axis 142 So lies in the respective level of the relevant eddy current plate 141 or at a small distance parallel to it, as in 10b is indicated. In particular, on curvy sections of the slide bearing must of course be designed so that the axes 142 hingedly interconnected plate-shaped chain elements 141 Follow this winding path. In the area of such curve sections can also be preferred to proceed to a roller support system instead of a sliding system.

The peculiarity in this embodiment is that the eddy current plates 141 , So the primary coupling device pKE at the same time also the feed device 18 and thus the sliding chain 18 ' forms, thus thus the coupling device and at the same time the drive system AS forms. In the preceding embodiments, a separate chain device for the drive system, for example in the form of a roller and / or slide chain, a rope, belt, belt or the like was provided, wherein the primary coupling device pKE was designed as an electrically conductive, preferably plate-shaped element which additionally provided and on the feed device 18 was attached.

In particular, the embodiments according to 9 to 10b Contribute to a further cost savings, such systems can be realized especially in systems with low drive speed.

Instead of the slide bearing mentioned, of course, the transport chain just as well be guided by a roller bearing.

The drive of the chain in the illustrated example is carried out by standard means of Kettenra with direct drive (especially in the deflection areas of the closed orbit).

In the illustrated alternative according to 9 to 10b The coupling system is mainly used for transport between the individual zones and in the return. At high required stretching forces of the force is input by auxiliary systems, as will be explained below.

In the illustrated embodiments is usually at least one clip 3 in the Kluppenbahn with provided with a sensor 50 ( 6 ) is equipped for the detection of the force by the stretched film. This makes it possible to set or optimize the coupling between the Kluppen- and drive system KS and AS in the respective sections. For this it is necessary to know the position of this at least one clip also within the course of the track. The control of the coupling system then takes place according to the force and position measurement. Of course, other measures such as temperature, acceleration, etc. can be used for these tasks.

From the described embodiments, it follows that the drive system virtually on the entire orbit 105 is equipped with a continuous or quasi-continuous primary coupling device qKE. In addition, the individual cleats are driven at the desired points of the stretching unit, and that according to the set coupling between 0% and 100%, which can thus make a setting of upright clip to a speed that corresponds to the speed of the drive system. So in order to drive the individual clips depending on their respective current position on the circulation path of the stretching system with different speed and / or different acceleration, it is provided that the clips are formed as single-clips, the (except the guide rail on which the clips independently be moved forward from each other) have no mechanical connection with each other. Rather, the clips are each equipped with a secondary coupling device SKE assigned here, which can be moved at different speeds depending on the desired degree of coupling with the primary coupling devices pKE of the drive system. Thus, if the primary coupling devices are designed continuously or quasi-continuously, the secondary coupling devices are only on the clips 3 intended. For example, according to the embodiment 4 the arrangement such that a seated on the clip and thus moved along wheel or gear 41 as a secondary coupling device sKE quasi on the continuously provided primary coupling devices pKE of the drive train AS (here in the form of a drive chain) "unrolls", is determined depending on the differently adjustable braking effect, with which relative speed, the clip is driven via the drive train AS.

A comparable effect occurs in the embodiments according to 6 to 10b a, if more or less according to the degree of coupling with different relative speed of the seated on the clip and thus mitbewegte electromagnet 45 at the quasi-continuous primary coupling device pKE, for example in the form of eddy current plates 141 ' , "unwinds", that is, depending on the degree of coupling relative to it at the same or low speed to the drive speed of the drive train and moved along. It is emphasized that the primary coupling devices pKE on the drive train in principle continuously or quasi-continuously or at least approximately continuously only have to meet these conditions where in the stretching unit via the drive train AS the clips 3 actually be driven accordingly. In this case, the primary coupling devices may be provided so far discontinuous, as far as the desired effect can be maintained, so that a coupling with the secondary coupling devices SKE to the desired drive with pre-adjustable speed for the respective clips in a desired section of the stretching system is possible.

After all should also be mentioned that the increase or lowering the coupling between the drive and tying system AS and KS can also be done in other ways. Possible is a change in the coupling effect between drive and club side by mechanical means by increasing or Humiliation of friction. Systems are feasible, the allow a simple mechanical friction until towards systems where magnetor-heological fluids in the gap between drive system and Kluppensystem (ie in the area of the interface IF).

After all is also a spatial separation of drive and Kluppensystem possible. This can be done for example by that z. B. the drive system AS is spatially decoupled by an entangled chain in the drive system the distance to the Kluppensystem KS enlarged.

Subsequently, the individual zones of the stretching system, especially the inlet zone and the stretching zone will be discussed, in particular with regard to existing in these areas specific features and / or with regard to possibly in the system with integrable auxiliary systems for advancing the Cleats (which are sometimes referred to as Kluppenwagen or Kluppenschlitten).

to Setting the pitch and the infeed speed for the clips or Kluppenwagen or Kluppenschlitten are in the Inlet zone A different arrangements of clips and / or drive systems possible.

According to one first variant, the Kluppensystem KS and the drive system AS, as generally described, collinear with each other in this inlet zone A lost. It can - as well as already described - the Kluppensystem KS and the drive system AS basically one above the other, with each other or generally next to each other, so basically parallel to each other run.

The relationships are, for example, with reference to 11 reproduced, which reproduces the top right half in plan view of a stretching unit, which may be formed, for example, symmetrically to the indicated film center M (ie to a middle, perpendicular to the film plane symmetry plane). The return arrangement is shown arbitrarily and may differ from the illustration. Standard return arrangements are also possible.

The 11 So is the collinear arrangement again, in which the drive and Kluppensystem AS, KS over or under each other. If the Kluppensystem KS and the drive system AS arranged side by side, the drive system AS is parallel to the guide or drive path 5 the Klupensystems KS, within the circulating and closed feed or trajectory 105 , At the starting point of the inlet zone A are the clips 3 partially decoupled from the drive system AS so far that they either stand statically in the so-called stack or already run into the inlet zone A at the speed v1.

At the starting point (inlet point) of the inlet zone A, the drive and clamping system AS, KS are coupled so far that the respective cable k (n) assumes the inlet velocity v1 and with a clip closer to the film which enters at the same speed v1, ie the corresponding edge of the film to be stretched 1' firmly grips and holds. According to the predetermined pitch, after the resulting time interval, the next kink k (n + 1) is coupled in and latched to the film, etc. Magnetic and / or mechanical systems come into consideration as clip closers, corresponding to the necessary within the inlet zone A. Division can be attached to certain positions. In this respect, reference is made to known systems. Restrictions on certain systems do not exist. The clips can then leave the inlet zone A with the inlet velocity v1 and the corresponding division.

As an alternative to a direct coupling of the drive and clutch system but also infeed auxiliary systems HS are before adjustable, the division and adjustment of the feed rate v1, for example, by a worm or caterpillar drive, by Wirbelstrommitnehmer (LIM Rad or LIM band), and preferably by make a linear motor drive o. Ä. The coupling of the drive and cleat system ensures that clips 3 the inlet area of the auxiliary system HS are supplied, wherein the division and speed setting is then carried out by the auxiliary system HS.

such Auxiliary systems are especially for a highly accurate Attitude, z. B. suitable for applications in which immediately before stretching coatings (sol gel method, etc.) to be applied to the film, which then together with the Film should be stretched. In principle, the functionalities Of course, the auxiliary systems described also suitable overcome the self-locking effects of pentagraph systems, which are mentioned here only for the sake of completeness. The coupling engages the elements of the control rail and car.

following to a first example of such an auxiliary system in the entry area A, the following partially Also referred to as infeed auxiliary system E-HS.

In 12 is one too 11 comparable representation reproduced, in which also in the inlet region between a start and an end point, the intake auxiliary system E-HS collinear and parallel to the relevant section of the orbit 5 runs and is responsible for the division and production of the advancing movement of the clips. In this inlet zone A, therefore, the pitch adjustment is regulated for insertion, for which a corresponding sensor in this inlet zone A is provided for the pitch adjustment.

Out 12 It can be seen that in the inlet zone A of the drive train of the drive system AS (and thus also the drive rail 17 in this area) in a different way 105 runs as the corresponding path section 5a (and thus the clip guide rail 27 ) of the circulation path 5 of the Klupensystems KS.

Here are in 12 also the two driving wheels optionally provided in the stack area 51 (after WO 96/31 334 ), over which, for example, in the stack area of eigentli Separate inlet area usually also the feed forces to the drive system AS are introduced. However, the drive system AS runs as in 12 represented, for example, on a way 105 ' or 105 '' separated from the actual clip system, so must appropriate at another appropriate Mitnehmerräder 51 be provided to the corresponding drive and feed forces on the feed device 118 to initiate the variable drive of the cleat system KS.

In 12 It is also suggested that the different drive way 105 ' and 105 '' is selected differently with respect to the initial region of the inlet auxiliary system E-HS. However, in both cases, the drive path, ie the drive train, leads in front of the end area of the E-HS inlet auxiliary system 105 ' respectively. 105 '' to the way 5 the cleat system back so that the selected drive path 105 ' respectively. 105 '' at least in a sufficient end region of the intake auxiliary system E-HS collinear thereto (ie parallel to it) runs and a coupling between the drive system AS un Kluppensystem KS is possible.

The aforementioned auxiliary system HS may consist of a conventional chain, cable or belt system and the like in the inlet zone A. But it can also be formed from one or more components of the above-mentioned auxiliary systems, which include, for example, a worm or caterpillar drive, a Wirbelstrommitnehmer (LIM wheel or LIM band) or a preferred linear motor drive o. Ä. The basis of 12 only exemplarily reproduced curves and paths of the drive system AS and the tenter track and thus of the cleat system KS are shown only schematically and by way of example. There are also completely different curves and combinations possible.

The Coupling of the drive and clamping system AS, KS is still done - how already mentioned - in the inlet zone A, ie before the end of the inlet zone A. However, cases are also conceivable where the coupling later, for example in the Stretching zone B or even in the outlet zone C takes place.

After opening the clips and releasing the film edge, so after leaving the outlet zone C have the clips, ie the Kluppenwagen or Kluppenschlitten 3 the velocity v2 and are then delayed in the so-called return zone to the speed v1. This takes place in the so-called deceleration zone DECEL, in that the coupling of the drive and clipping system is partially released and / or braking devices are provided. Again, reference is made to known systems and facilities.

Based on 13 should basically be shown that in addition a temperature control in the return zone 55 (Cooling / heating) for the clips 3 can be provided. If the return time to set the desired temperature is not sufficient, the return path R z. B. by a meandering web guide 5 ' within a tempering chamber 55 respectively.

following is based on further variants and modifications of the drive system AS and an auxiliary system HS in particular for the inlet zone A and the stretching zone B received.

Due to the intended separation IF, so the so-called interface IF between the drive and the Kluppenstrang, so the drive system AS and the respective Kluppenssystem KS, it is possible in different areas, sections, zones, etc. on the closed circulation path 5 the Kluppenbahn from the drive train 105 to separate, especially in the plane separate. The change in the distance between the drive and Klupensystems AS, KS can be used to adjust the coupling. In certain areas, it can also be used to compensate for force reversal.

Based on 14 is the Kluppenbahn 5 and the drive track 105 (So the Kluppensystem KS and the drive system AS) have been separated first by divergence on different levels, wherein after the incipient separation at a point X, a change in the distance between two adjacent clips 3 is made in the Kluppensystem KS. Here are in 14 on the clutch line 5 the clips or clip-on wagon or sledgehammer 3 (with partially different distances to each other) and on the drive path 105 of the drive train AS the corresponding transport or feed system 18 with the associated feed elements 118 for example in the form of a roller chain 18 ' (with chain or chain carriages). The feed device 18 is with the associated primary coupling pKE and the clips 3 provided with the associated secondary coupling means SKE, about which the corresponding, also a different pitch adjustment enabling individual feed movement for the individual clips can be controlled.

A larger change in the distances can also be used, for example, to install an auxiliary system HS, as shown schematically by 15 is reproduced.

In this case, the drive and Kluppensystem AS, KS completely detached from each other (separated), so that in the distance space between said te auxiliary system HS can be provided, in turn, for example, from a linear motor, a LIM wheel, a caterpillar or an additional chain, belt or rope drive o. Ä. As may already exist.

This Auxiliary system HS can support the setting of the Division and the inlet velocity in the inlet zone A serve. But it can also be used in the stretching zone B, a additional force and control component in the system contribute.

The following is based on the 16 and 17 initially shown schematically at which locations (positions) the mentioned auxiliary systems HS can be provided.

16 shows a schematic sectional view as in principle the schematic representation according to 3 or 4 equivalent. It is already in 4 lying above a position for the mentioned optimal auxiliary system HS reproduced, for example, on an additional support arm or support section 13c can be provided hanging on the underside, so that the auxiliary system with the formation of a separation point (parting plane) or a so-called interface IF-HS (air gap) creates the possibility that here the driving, ie primary coupling device pKE-HS of the auxiliary system, the clips 3 ie, the respective clip-on wagon or sled carriage 3 can drive accordingly, namely via a further driven or secondary coupling device sKE-HS on the clipper. In this case, the club side additionally provided further secondary coupling device SKE-HS immediately adjacent lying above in the region of the clip or the tug wagon or the clip carriage 3 intended. This clip-side secondary coupling device is hereinafter also referred to as sKE-HS for a short time, because it is a further secondary coupling device provided as part of the auxiliary system HS.

Preferably, a linear motor drive is used as auxiliary system. The stator forms the auxiliary system (HS in direct connection with pKE-HS). The secondary coupling part (sKE-HS) is thereby z. B. permanent magnets formed, as is done in the prior art in the LISIM technique. The control and force introduction takes place here according to the known state of the art LISIM ( WO 99/48671 ).

The embodiment according to 17 basically corresponds to that according to 9 , in which the auxiliary system was also already drawn at the corresponding place above. Alternatively and additionally, the auxiliary system HS ', in particular according to this variant also lying down on the clipper carriage or sled carriage 3 be provided. The corresponding coupling devices are identified here as pKE-HS 'and sKE-HS'.

Thus, since the drive system already explained in the preceding figures can be arranged both above and / or below or else laterally from the clipping system, it is thus possible to position an optional auxiliary system HS at the top, bottom or side, as described with reference to FIGS 15 and 16 only exemplified for three variants.

The explained auxiliary system HS is in the previous examples especially for installation in the inlet zone A. But it can also in all zones preferably in the stretch zone, the outlet zone as well as the return zone optional and partially installed be, while doing all possible Drive systems and coupling systems are possible, including Worm or caterpillar drives, additional chain, belt or rope drive, an eddy current driver (LIM Rad or LIM band), Linear motor drives or even using single motor drives o. a ..

On the possible technical design of the mentioned technical auxiliary systems HS will be discussed below.

Especially for an auxiliary system HS in the inlet zone A are different Systems possible.

Based on 18 a first variant will be described, which presupposes that the drive system AS is partially or completely decoupled from the Kluppensystem KS in the inlet zone or in a corresponding section of the inlet zone. In this case, as already explained, an optional auxiliary system HS in the inlet zone or in the section of the inlet zone (ie a so-called E-HS) can be provided in this area.

In 18 is a section of the orbit or the circulation path 5 shown for the Kluppensysteme KS, welhes in a preferred embodiment along a clip guide rail 27 runs.

On this circulation path 5 are in the feed direction according to the arrow 57 the clips with a given division 59 provided and are advanced in the feed direction by the below-explained auxiliary system HS. The clips or clip-on wagon or sledge 3 have a club-side secondary coupling device sKE-HS, at each of which a coupling with the drive side or primary coupling device pKE-HS of the auxiliary system E-HS, so belonging to the auxiliary system drive train AS-HS in the inlet zone A can be done.

The auxiliary drive system AS-HS comprises, for example, a rail or a drive train, generally a drive track or a drive path 205 on which, for example, circumferentially arranged the drive elements 118-HS with predeterminable and / or adjustable pitch (between the center of two adjacent drive elements) and for example by one or two driven deflection and / or driving wheels 209 or be moved forward by another drive means in the direction of rotation at a predeterminable speed v1. It is a kind of "caterpillar drive".

On the mentioned drive elements 118-HS are then the associated primary coupling devices pKE-HS of the auxiliary drive AS-HS arranged.

By means of such a caterpillar drive so the division 59 for the clips 3 according to the division 59 the drive elements 118-HS and on the auxiliary drive ultimately also the desired setting of the inlet speed are optionally made. The coupling system is such that while the clips 3 are conveyed to the auxiliary system HS, which then performs the division and adjusts the feed rate v1. After the takeover by the auxiliary system HS the clips become 3 closed by the film edge, whereby the film to be stretched or the material web is held. After the express deployment has been made, the clips become 3 then again from the primary coupling device pKE of the drive system AS before or at the end of the auxiliary system (the drive-side coupling elements pKE-HS of the auxiliary drive AS-HS are separated from the secondary coupling devices sKE-HS of the clip system KS), so that over the already Drive system described above with the primary coupling device pKE then accelerates the clips in the stretching zone accordingly and the distances between them are increased, whereby the longitudinal extension and in particular at divergent guideways the simultaneous extension can be performed.

The Length of the mentioned so-called caterpillar drive depends on the division and is within the required Provided preheating zone, the length of the caterpillar drive not as long as the preheat zone itself.

Notwithstanding the described embodiment, the drive train 205 the auxiliary drive AS-HS in the simplest case of a forward-moving Trumen, a metal belt, a transport chain (similar to a bottle conveyor chain), etc., which rotate around drive wheels. The measures provided on the clip-side coupling part, so generally the club-side coupling device can then z. B. consist of a switchable electromagnet or include this. But it is also possible a mechanical coupling part or a coupling device on both the auxiliary system and the clip system. Therefore, in addition to a band mentioned ropes or chains are possible as drive trains. The coupling part of the auxiliary system can also run on a stored sliding and / or rolling single carriage, because the individual cars are connected to each other and to the drive train. The setting of the mentioned division must be made manually beforehand, the feed rate v1 being predetermined by the drive speed or the drive device of the auxiliary system HS, in particular the auxiliary system E-HS provided in the inlet zone.

Next the mentioned mechanical or primarily mechanical Coupling system according to the above structure For example, auxiliary systems are preferably used using Linear motors are used. The club-side coupling part, d. H. the club-side coupling device SKE consists or comprises in this case magnets and in particular permanent magnets, the primary System pKE_HS and HS is formed by the stator, as for example already known in the art.

Further but is also a drive using single motors for a subject auxiliary system HS possible. For the sake of completeness It should be noted here that the drive with single motors not only can be used as an auxiliary system, but also as Total drive in a z. B. slow running stretching machine used can be.

In the case of 19 schematically shown auxiliary system HS, in particular for the inlet zone A includes the auxiliary system E-HS single motors 215 , which are used as a primary coupling device pKE-HS for the auxiliary system HS.

These single motors 215 run on a revolving closed rail system 205 ' , which is the so-called powertrain 205 So the drive track 205 forms.

The functional principle is comparable to that according to the embodiment 18 , However, here is the attitude of the division 59 ' stepless for the auxiliary system HS, since now each drive carrier 218 here in the form of a drive car or driving slide 218 ' and with it every single pair coupled here 3 is individually controllable. In other words, each drive carrier comprises 218 ie each drive carriage 218 ' a driven primary-side coupling device pKE-HS, which can be coupled to a corresponding club-side, ie secondary coupling device sKE-HS on the Kluppensystem KS. Therefore, with such a system, any adjustment and adjustment not only in the adjustment zone A, but even in the stretch zone B or in the outlet zone C or in the return zone R or in each case be made in parts thereof, since z. B. also the return speed of the decoupled drive carriage 218 ' can be larger than v1. For slow-running stretching systems, it is also quite possible to carry out a large part of the process-engineering stretching and / or retarding processes with these individual drives.

The Power coupling between primary and secondary Coupling device can also in these embodiments by friction and / or for example by means of a gear coupling or a rack and pinion coupling or the like.

Based on 20 is a possible implementation of this variant in a schematic cross-sectional representation reproduced, in a modification to the principle of 3 shown embodiment.

In the variant according to 20 is the carrier system 13 designed so that the two support arms or support sections 13a . 13b for example, for the drive system AS and thus the drive rail 17 as well as for the clip guide rail 27 and thus the clip system KS each adjacent to the film of this run away and at its free end the drive rail 17 or the clip guide rail 27 wear, with another arm or arm section 13c is provided, in the direction of the film web and thus in the direction of cleats 3 protrudes. At its free end, for example, the primary coupling device pKE-HS of the auxiliary system is formed, which is coupled to the club-side coupling device sKE-HS. On the vehicle section 13c is also the rail 205 ' of the revolving powertrain 205 provided the auxiliary drive, wherein the carrier in the form of a carrier carriage 218 or carrier sled 218 again via a suitable roller and / or sliding guide (comparable to the rollers and / or the sliding guide of the drive system AS with, for example, three pairs of cooperating rollers) on a revolving rail 205 ' is held longitudinally movable. About the mentioned single motor drives 215 These are single carrier carriages or carrier carriages 218 individually controllable along the rail 205 ' method, wherein coupled by means of the corresponding coupling via this auxiliary device clips 3 So the clip-on wagon or sledgehammer 3 at the same speed as the electric motors 215 and thus the auxiliary drive carrier 211 can be moved. In plants on a laboratory scale, it is also advantageous to dispense with the drive system AS and drive the Kluppensystem KS directly via a rigid connection. Then maybe on the rail carrier assembly 13c be waived.

As can be seen from the illustration according to 20 and the schematic partial spatial reproduction according to 20a results is at the end of the carrier 13c an example of a rack 205a formed, with vertically extending single teeth 205b in the horizontal direction on the circulation path 205 be provided side by side. Between these teeth 205b grab a teeth of a gear 205c a, which via a drive shaft with the electric motor drive 215 controlled driven. The interface IF-HS of the auxiliary system between the primary and secondary coupling devices pKE-HS and sKE-HS can be used at the starting area via the individually controlled, moving electric motors 215 causes the coupling with the respective clip on the route of the auxiliary system, the individual clips are moved forward accordingly, at the end of the auxiliary drive then open the coupling elements again at the cutting or separation point IF-HS, as shown in the schematic representation 19 is apparent.

The power supply and the control can be via the rail 205 ' of the auxiliary system, via a parallel-running grinding system and / or contactless via induction etc. The control can also be contactless via induction, radio, optics, partial sensors or via a programmable control, preferably each carriage, so each movable auxiliary drive carrier 218 contains this control. This explained auxiliary system as well as a linear motor system not explained in further detail can be used not only in the inlet zone but also in other zones such as in the stretch zone, the outlet zone and / or even the return zone wholly or in sections thereof.

For example, as for the one half of the stretching machine in the area of the stretching zone B in 24 is shown as an additional, supporting auxiliary system HS, for example, come into consideration as it is based on the 19 and 20 using individually controllable single motors 215 was explained.

following will look at other options and specifics in particular in connection with the stretching zone B.

In principle, although it is known in the prior art to set the stretching of a film relative to the center of the film on the left and right side of the film, ie the stretching parameters on the DS and the OS side differently and / or make. It is so far on known variants according to the JP 02 11 39 20 , of the JP 03 18 27 01 , of the WO 03/52471 as well as the US 2006/257 515 referenced, in which stretching machines are described, the different waveforms in DS and OS direction z. B. for the production of polarizing films.

Indeed it is not possible in the context of the above-mentioned stretching equipment, to vary the clip speeds during stretching, which ultimately causes wrinkling and creasing can, the film so ultimately not sufficiently flat and smooth to produce is.

In the context of the present invention, however, it is easily possible, both on the DS and on the OS side different curves with respect to the circulation path 5 , ie with respect to the orbit 5 for the clips 3 even with differently adjustable stretch parameters.

In 21 is a schematic plan view in a modification to 1 a corresponding arrangement with different waveform on the DS and the OS page reproduced.

In Longitudinal or machine direction MD reaches the clip system at the marked point at the end of the inlet zone A, the speed v1 and at the end of the discharge zone the final velocity v2. In the Stretching zone B, d. H. in concrete on the stretch RZ, will open the DS side for the individual clips, for example one Speed vxDS and on the OS side a speed of vxOS reached and set. This results in a different Simultaneous stretching for the two film sides DS and OS.

in principle are all possible curves on the DS and the OS page for film production adjustable. Both at symmetrical as well as with asymmetric curves are in the frame the present invention different stretching parameters in OS and DS adjustable. The respective drive system AS and the above driven Kluppensystem KS are collinear, ie in parallel, as already in the previous embodiments has been shown and / or explained.

there It is also possible in the context of the present invention that not only in the area of stretching the film or the strip material general, but also in other areas and zones a relaxation in longitudinal or machine direction MD and transversal thereto in TD is possible. Furthermore, by a corresponding Sensors are sicherge poses that through the film and / or the pull roll (pull roll) caused force reversal to be adjusted can.

According to the previously mentioned retard concept, especially a relaxation in the longitudinal or machine direction can be implemented even in the stretching zone, which was previously not possible. This is based on the schematic fragmentary reproduction according to 22 and 22a for the stretching zone B, for example, reproduced on the OS side of the simultaneous stretching unit. In this embodiment, the clips run 3 with a division 59 (coming from the inlet zone A) in the beginning of the stretching zone B and are stretched to a stretch ratio with a predetermined strain rate (λ-MD). In 22 is - amplified represented - the possibility of MD relaxation reproduced to make it clear that even in the stretching zone B, the stretching ratio of λ-MD (lambda MD) from an initially larger value again to a reduced elongation value (and thus a reduced tensile strength of the clips 3 ) can be adjusted in the machine direction, so that in principle in this phase, the transition to a smaller pitch is possible, which is smaller than the original pitch or already reached maximum pitch in the preceding (or subsequent) sections in the stretching phase. One does not correctly speak of stretching ratios MDx <1. Of course, the corresponding longitudinally extending MD relaxation ratios can also be set in the following heat set zone (outlet zone C).

To complete it is mentioned that in the embodiment according to 22 a drive system with individually controllable motors 215 takes place, comparable to the illustrated embodiment according to 19 , Due to the individually controllable single motors 215 For example, the desired stretching and relaxation can also be set in the stretching zone B as explained above.

For the inlet zone A are already various possible auxiliary system HS, so-called inlet zone auxiliary systems E-HS explained and described.

Similar to the inlet zone A, however, optional auxiliary systems HS are also possible in the stretching zone B, which support the stretching process in the desired process technology and can further improve it. The auxiliary systems E-HS described for the inlet zone and the auxiliary systems R-HS which are possible in the stretching zone can also be seamlessly combined with one another. Conceivable cases are in which due to the geometric stretching curve in the transverse direction (TD direction transverse to the withdrawal direction of the film web) a very strong stretching must be generated, occur in the increased stretching forces for which the coupling mechanism of the coupling system may not be sufficient and / or if very high strain rates should be required.

In addition to 11 is now in a comparable partial schematic plan view according to 23 reproduced, as there in addition to an enema-aid system E-HS also a subsequent stretching auxiliary system R-HS is provided.

In the inlet zone, in turn, the illustrated insertion takes place with the desired graduation setting, specifically with the aid of the aforementioned sensor for the pitch adjustment. In the illustrated embodiment, according ge 11 and 23 then takes place in the stretching zone B, a simultaneous stretching in machine longitudinal and transverse direction, ie in MD-TD direction.

Because of the required variability in the clip spacing (ie in terms of pitch 59 ) and because of the required variability in the rates of extension, however, systems with a fixed pitch, as described in part for the inlet zone A, are not usable in the case of the stretch zone. In other words, systems such as the described caterpillar drive, solid pentagraphs, worm drives or the like are out of the question for the stretching zone.

When Auxiliary systems in the stretch zone could only variable pentagraph systems, Single motor drives or linear motor drives are used, as here the pitch is adjustable. However, the mechanical pentagraph system has already the disadvantages described above, according to which the mechanical guide system constantly new for the various stretching parameters made or cumbersome adjusted and / or adjusted must become.

Besides Especially for the stretch zone doubling of the coupling system into consideration. It can be thought of, for. B. collinear and below the Kluppenbahnen the main drive system mainly provided AS, so the so-called main drive system "H-AS" runs, and that then above and / or laterally at least largely identical or at least in principle the same or similar second or third coupling system attached and provided, which is controlled synchronously to the main drive system, but only in a subarea runs to it. This show linear motor drives We sentlichen advantage that no return path for the auxiliary system is required. By linear motor drives are In addition, high force discharges possible, as for the production of so-called thick films from 200 μm for optical applications necessary.

Finally is still on a simply constructed coupling variant for entered an auxiliary system.

In the schematic cross-sectional view according to 24 it is the basic structure of a variant, as they are essentially made 17 is known, wherein the auxiliary drive is provided in a region in which the drive train AS runs on another path. Therefore, in the embodiment according to 24 the main drive system AS and the associated interface IF with a further coupling device KE not shown.

It is reproduced in this variant that the auxiliary system HS, which is suitable in particular for the inlet area A, is a revolving drive train 205 has, which is formed here for example in the manner of a rope. This rope 205d runs around several pulleys around, with only one pulley in the sectional view 219 is shown.

This powertrain 205 in the form of a cross-section example, round rope 205d is done by suitable drive means, wherein the deflection roller and the rope through the carrier 13 is held.

In each case on a portion of the drive train, the rope runs 205d in the region of the clip or the Kluppenwa gene, in the embodiment shown in a corresponding recess 221 which has a side opening 223 in which the peripheral region of the deflection roller 219 can intervene.

On two opposite sides of the rope in the region of the respective clip system KS, so the respective clip 3 , is in each case one adapted in section to the peripheral shape of the rope, in the embodiment shown cooling tower-shaped pinch roller 225 provided by the clip-on wagon 3 are rotatably supported, whereby a frictional connection with the rope can be produced. By a corresponding control of the clip part, the braking and friction effect with respect to the pinch rollers 225 be adjusted so that when the rope is rotating 205d the clips 3 remain stationary, so are not driven at speed v = 0, up to a full clamping effect, in which the pinch rollers 225 stand still and with the speed of rotation vx of the circulating rope and thus the clips 3 be advanced with appropriate speed.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 3741582 A1 [0002]
• - DE 3741582 [0004]
• WO 2004/71748 [0004]
• - EP 1331082 A1 [0008]
• - JP 2003/211533 [0008]
• - JP 2006/142595 A [0009]
• WO 99/48671 [0018, 0146]
• WO 96/31334 [0132]
• - JP 02113920 [0172]
• - JP 03182701 [0172]
• WO 03/52471 [0172]
• US 2006/257515 [0172]

Claims (68)

Stretching plant, in particular longitudinal or sequential longitudinal and transverse or simultaneous stretching plant, having the following features: - on both sides of a material web to be stretched ( 1 ) is in each case a circumferential Kluppenweg ( 5 ), - along this Kluppenweges ( 5 ) is a cleat system (KS) with a plurality of clips ( 3 ) movable, in individual sections and zones (A, B, C, R) with at least partially different speed, - it is provided a drive system (AS), about which the clips ( 3 ) of the cleat system (KS), characterized by the following further features: - the cleat system (KS) with the associated clips ( 3 ) is separated from the drive system (AS) to form a separation and / or interface (IF), - the drive system (AS) is equipped with drive-side primary coupling devices (pKE), - the clips ( 3 ) are provided with secondary coupling devices (sKE), - to the drive system (AS) belonging driven primary coupling devices (pKE) are coupled to the respective, on a cleat system (KS) provided secondary coupling element (sKE), and - the coupling and / or the degree of coupling between the drive-side primary coupling device (pKE) and the coupling device equipped with a secondary coupling device (sKE) ( 3 ) is adjustable differently. Stretching installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling between the drive system (AS) and the clips ( 3 ) of the cleat system (KS) at least in sections on the Kluppenweg ( 5 ) is variably or continuously variably feasible and / or adjustable in discrete steps. Stretching system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the primary coupling devices (pKE) on the drive system (AS) at least in a coupling region or coupling section of the stretching device for driving the clips ( 3 ) are provided continuously and quasi-continuously and / or formed, wherein by appropriate control of the clip ( 3 ) a desired degree of coupling and thus a relative entrainment speed of the clip ( 3 ) Based on the driving drivetrain (AS) is adjustable. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coupling between the drive system (AS) and the clips ( 3 ) of the cleat system (KS) between the value 0, at which the cleat system is not driven, and at least at a speed is feasible, which corresponds to the maximum speed of the drive system (AS), in which the corresponding clips ( 3 ) is moved at the same feed rate as the drive system (AS). Stretching system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the clip system (KS) a plurality of individual clips ( 3 ) which are driven separately. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the individual clips ( 3 ) on the Kluppenweg ( 5 ) are driven depending on the position with the same or different speed. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the clips ( 3 ) of the cleat system (KS) from single cleats ( 3 ), which are independently and separately from adjacent clips, so un-coupled with an adjacent clip, drivable. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the drive and / or circulation path ( 5 ) for the clip system (KS) with respect to a mean vertical plane of symmetry (M) relative to the plane of the web to be stretched ( 1' ) is symmetrical. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the drive and / or circulation path ( 5 ) for the clip system (KS) with respect to a mean vertical plane of symmetry (M) relative to the plane of the web to be stretched ( 1' ) is constructed asymmetrically. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for the left as the right Half of the stretching unit in DS and OS direction, in particular in the stretching zone, the clips of the Klupensystems (KS) different driven, accelerated and / or at different speeds is at least partially advanced, causing asymmetric Stretching ratios can be generated. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that by changing the coupling between the drive system (AS) and the Kluppensystem (KS) also in the stretching zone (B) stretching ratios can be generated, the smaller than in a previous section of the stretching zone (B). Stretching system according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the Antriebssys tem (AS) and the Kluppensystem (KS) at least on sections of the Kluppenweges ( 5 ) by means of a common carrier device ( 13 ) are held. Stretching installation according to claim 12, characterized in that the carrier device ( 13 ) Supporting sections ( 13 ; 13a . 13b . 13c ), namely at least one support section ( 13a ) for holding a guide device of the drive system (AS) and a support section ( 13b ) for supporting a guide device, along which the clip system (KS) is movable. Stretching system according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one clip ( 3 ) on the Kluppenweg ( 5 ) is provided, which with a sensor ( 50 ) for detecting the force through the web to be stretched ( 1 ) is provided. Stretching system according to claim 14, characterized in that a detection device is provided, over which the position of the at least one with a sensor ( 50 ) equipped cable ( 3 ) Is detectable, in Ab dependence of a force measurement and a position measurement, a control of the cleat system (KS) is feasible. Stretching installation according to claim 14 or 15, characterized that an activation of the clip system (KS) optionally opposite other measurands depending on measured temperature, the acceleration of the relevant clip system (KS) takes place. Stretching system according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the clip system (KS) with the associated clips ( 3 ) at least part of the orbit ( 5 . 105 ) substantially above the drive system (AS), or substantially below the drive system (AS), or substantially laterally thereto, on the film to be stretched ( 1 ) facing away side are provided. Stretching system according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the clips ( 3 ) are formed in the form of clip-on wagon or clip-on carriages, which are provided with a roller and / or slide bearing along a peripheral clip rail ( 27 ) are movable. Stretching system according to claim 18, characterized in that the clip rail ( 27 ) consists of a spring rail or at least comprises sections in the form of spring rails. Stretching system according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the clip rail ( 27 ) on a support section ( 13b ) of the common carrier arrangement ( 13 ) is attached and held. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the drive system (AS) with the respective Cleat system (KS) is mechanically coupled. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the primary coupling device (pKE) consists of or comprises in the longitudinal direction of the drive train (AS) engagement elements, and that with the clip system (KS) or the clips ( 3 ) with movable secondary coupling devices (SKE) a gear ( 41 ), wherein the gear ( 41 ) at least with a brake ( 42 ) and possibly an additional one, with the brake ( 42 ) cooperating transmission ( 40 ), whereby depending on an adjustable braking effect preferably between "freewheeling" and "full braking" a relative coupling speed between 0 and 1 to the feed rate of the drive system (AS) is adjustable. Stretching system according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the primary coupling device (pKE) by a roller and / or sliding chain ( 18 ' ), which is part of the rotating drive system (AS). Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the drive system (AS) rolling and / or sliding feed devices ( 18 ), which are hinged together at a predetermined distance. Stretching installation according to claim 24, characterized in that the rolling and / or sliding feed devices ( 18 ) Part of a roller and / or slide chain ( 18 ' ) are. Stretching installation according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the feed device ( 18 ) in particular in the form of the roller and / or slide chain ( 18 ' ) along a drive rail ( 17 ) are movable, preferably in the form of a spring rail. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the feed device ( 18 ) Drive carriage and / or drive carriage ( 218 ), which along a guide device in the form of a guide or drive rail ( 17 ) are movable, preferably in the form of a spring rail. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that between the drive system (AS) and the cleat system (KS) an electromagnetic coupling is provided. Stretching installation according to claim 28, characterized in that the secondary coupling device (sKE) has an electromagnet ( 45 ) and the primary coupling device (pKE) one with the electromagnet ( 45 ) cooperating eddy current device ( 141 ), which are arranged at a distance from each other, preferably forming an air gap in the region of the interface (IF). Stretching installation according to claim 29, characterized in that the electric motor ( 45 ) preferably as a secondary coupling device (SKE) with the clip system (KS) and thus the clip ( 3 ) is movably anchored thereto, and that the eddy current device ( 141 ) is movable with the drive system (AS). Stretching system according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the eddy current device ( 141 ) as eddy current plates ( 141 ' ) are formed in the region of the interface (IF) to form a small air gap directly parallel to the electromagnet ( 45 ) are arranged. Stretching installation according to one of claims 29 to 31, characterized in that the electromagnets ( 45 ) a recess ( 145 ), in which the eddy current devices ( 141 ) preferably in the form of eddy current plates ( 141 ' ) intervene contactlessly. Stretching system according to one of claims 29 to 32, characterized in that the eddy current devices ( 141 ) are designed plate-shaped and each case a part-circular head ( 118a ), which in a corresponding adjacent part-circular recess ( 118b ) of an adjacent eddy current element ( 141 ) intervenes. Stretching installation according to claim 33, characterized in that the eddy current device ( 141 ) preferably in the form of eddy current plates ( 141 ' ) is formed so that in each case two adjacent eddy current devices ( 141 ) by a certain angular range in the plane of the eddy current devices ( 141 ) are pivotable relative to each other. Stretching installation according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the eddy current device ( 141 ) preferably in the form of eddy current plates ( 141 ' ) on the feed devices ( 18 ) are mounted or formed over what they along the drive rail ( 17 ) as part of the drive system (AS) are movable. Stretching system according to one of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that the eddy current devices ( 141 ) in the form of eddy current plates ( 141 ' ) in the plane of these eddy current plates ( 141 ' ) or parallel axes ( 142 ) are pivotable relative to each other and the primary coupling means (pKE) thus formed also the feed device ( 18 ). Stretching installation according to claim 36, characterized in that the feed device ( 18 ) in the form of eddy current plates ( 141 ' ) by means of a sliding bearing along the drive path ( 105 ) are stored. Stretching installation according to one of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that the plate-shaped and over axes ( 142 ) hingedly interconnected eddy current plates ( 141 ' ) perpendicular to the plane of the web to be stretched ( 1' ) are arranged. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the coupling between the drive system (AS) and Kluppensystem (KS) by means of a differently adjustable mechanical friction and / or adhesion occurs. Stretching system according to one of claims 20 to 39, characterized in that the coupling between the drive system (AS) and Kluppensystem (KS) by means of magneto-rheological fluids in the gap between the drive-side primary coupling device (pKE) and secondary side coupler on the secondary side (SKE) takes place. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 41, characterized in that the drive and clamping system (AS, KS) to change the degree of coupling spatially is strongly decoupled, in particular by enlargement the distance between a pivoted chain in the drive system (AS) to the cleat system (KS). Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 41, characterized in that in addition to the drive system (AS) at least one auxiliary system (HS) is provided, the at least in individual sections or areas of the stretching plant for additional support the drive and the feed movement of the clip system (KS) provided is. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 42, characterized in that at least in certain areas and Sections of the stretching unit at least one drive auxiliary system (AS-HS) is provided, which alternative to the drive system (AS) to feed of the clip system (KS) is used. Stretching system according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that the drive system (AS) and the auxiliary drive system (AS-HS) are collinear with each other, in particular in an inlet zone (A) of the stretching unit. Stretching system according to one of claims 42 to 44, characterized in that the drive system (AS) and the additionally provided auxiliary system (AS-HS) at least in one area or section of the stretching unit, preferably in the region of the inlet zone (A) spatially separated from each other on different Because of ( 5 . 5a ). Stretching system according to one of claims 43 to 45, characterized in that the drive system (AS) at least in the end area of the inlet zone (A) of the stretching unit collinear to the feed path of the Drive auxiliary system (AS-HS) runs. Stretching system according to one of claims 1 to 46, characterized in that the drive system (AS) with its drive path ( 105 ) with respect to the cleat system (KS) with its Kluppenweg ( 5 ) at least in a portion of the stretching system, preferably in the inlet zone (A) at a different distance to each other, wherein the change in distance, the degree of coupling between the drive system (AS) and Kluppensystem (KS) is variable. Stretching system according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterized in that the drive system (AS) and the cleat system (KS) are spatially separated from each other so that in this area an auxiliary system (HS) for setting a division between two adjacent clips (KS) 3 ) and / or for driving the clips ( 3 ) is positionable. Stretching system according to one of claims 42 to 48, characterized in that the auxiliary system (HS) comprises an auxiliary drive system (AS-HS) with a primary coupling device (pKE-HS) and that the clip system (KS) with the clip ( 3 ) additionally comprises a secondary coupling device (sKE-HS) which can be coupled to the primary coupling device (pKE-HS) of the auxiliary system (HS). Stretching system according to claim 49, characterized in that the drive auxiliary system (AS-HS) via the common carrier device ( 13 ) is held and supported, preferably via a further carrier section ( 13c ). Stretching installation according to claim 49 or 50, characterized that the auxiliary drive system (AS-HS) has a worm and / or caterpillar-shaped drive, a chain, belt and / or cable drive, an eddy current driver, a linear motor drive and / or single motor drives and the like. Stretching installation according to one of claims 49 to 51, characterized in that the drive auxiliary system (AS-HS) has a peripheral drive device with a drive path ( 205 ), on which advancing elements (118-HS) with a predetermined pitch are arranged circumferentially, in fixed coupling with the secondary coupling devices (sKE-HS) of the clip system (KS) and thus the clips ( 3 ) are brought. Stretching system according to Claim 51 or 52, characterized in that a fixed coupling between a primary coupling device (pKE-HS) provided on the auxiliary system (HS) and the clip system (KS) and the secondary coupling devices (sKE-HS) on the clip system (KS ) or the individual clips ( 3 ) mechanically, frictionally or positively and / or electromagnetically. Stretching system according to claim 53, characterized in that the drive system (AS-HS) of the auxiliary system (HS) and / or the primary coupling devices (pKE-HS) of the auxiliary system consists of a metal strip or a transport chain, and that the corresponding secondary coupling device (SKE ) of the clip ( 3 ) or the clip system (KS) a switchable electromagnet ( 45 ' ) or vice versa. Stretching system according to one of claims 49 to 51, characterized in that the secondary coupling device (sKE) on the cleat system (KS) made of permanent magnets and the drive system (AS-HS) of the auxiliary system (HS) consists of or comprises linear motors. Stretching installation according to one of Claims 49 to 51, characterized in that the drive system (AS-HS) of the auxiliary system (HS) has individual motor drives ( 215 ), which are provided with corresponding primary coupling devices (pKE-HS), via which a coupling to the corresponding secondary coupling devices (sKE) of the clip system (KS) can be produced. Stretching installation according to claim 56, characterized in that the individual motor drives ( 215 ) are individually controllable, what about a different pitch, so a different distance between two adjacent clips ( 3 ) of the clip system (KS) can be produced. Stretching system according to claim 56 or 57, characterized in that a force coupling between the drive system (AS-HS) of the auxiliary system (HS) and a respective clip ( 3 ) by means of frictional engagement or by means of a gear / rack coupling can be brought about. Stretching installation according to claim 58, characterized in that a tread-like or rack-like or chain-like auxiliary device on the support ( 13 ) preferably on a separately provided for this carrier section ( 13c ) is formed, on which one with the auxiliary system (HS) with movable gear or gear is traversed, wherein by appropriate control of the electric motor, the feed rate of the single motor drive ( 215 ) is controllable differently. Stretching system according to one of claims 58 to 59, characterized in that such an auxiliary system (HS) in the inlet zone (A) and / or in the stretching zone (B) or the heat treatment zones (C) is provided. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 60, characterized in that the power supply for the drive control of the clips ( 3 ) via sliding contacts and / or an inductive transmission path is feasible. Stretching system according to one of claims 1 to 61, characterized in that a control of the individual clips ( 3 ) via sliding contacts, via a busbar, contactlessly via inductions, via radio, via optical data conductors, by means of Hall sensors or the like. Stretching system according to one of claims 1 to 62, characterized in that the drive system carrier, support carriage or carrier carriage ( 218 ) provided with a corresponding number of rollers and / or sliding elements ( 22 . 22 ' . 23 . 23 ' . 24 . 24 ' ) along the guideway ( 105 ) and in particular the guidance of the drive rail ( 17 ) are movable. Stretching installation according to one of claims 1 to 63, characterized in that the clips ( 3 ) in the form of clip-on wagon or sled carriage using rollers ( 32 . 32 ' . 33 . 33 ' . 34 ) on the Kluppenbahn ( 5 ) preferably in the form of a clip guide rail ( 27 ) are movable. Stretching plant, in particular longitudinal or sequential longitudinal and transverse or simultaneous stretching plant, having the following features: - on both sides of a material web to be stretched ( 1 ) is in each case a circumferential Kluppenweg ( 5 ), - along this Kluppenweges ( 5 ) is a cleat system (KS) with a plurality of clips ( 3 ) movable, in individual sections and zones (A, B, C, R) with at least partially different speed, - it is provided a drive system (AS), about which the clips ( 3 ) of the cleat system (KS), characterized by the following further features: - the cleat system (KS) with the associated clips ( 3 ) is separated from the drive system (AS) to form a separation and / or interface (IF), - the drive system (AS) is equipped with drive-side primary coupling devices (pKE), - the clips ( 3 ) are provided with secondary coupling devices (sKE), - to the drive system (AS) belonging driven primary coupling devices (pKE) can be coupled to the respective, on a cleat system (KS) provided secondary coupling element (sKE), and - the drive-side primary coupling device ( pKE) is equipped with the secondary coupling device (sKE) equipped with clips ( 3 ) so firmly coupled that the clips ( 3 ) is drivable with the drive speed of the respective primary coupling device (pKE). Stretching installation according to claim 65, characterized that the drive system (AS) consists of a drive auxiliary system (AS-HS) consists according to one of the claims 42 to 59. Stretching installation according to claim 65 or 66, characterized in that the drive system (AS) comprises individual motor drives ( 215 ), which are provided with corresponding primary coupling means (pKE), via which a coupling to the corresponding secondary coupling means (sKE) of the clip system (KS) can be produced. Stretching installation according to one of claims 65 to 67, characterized in that the individual motor drives ( 215 ) are individually controllable, what about a different pitch, so a different distance between two adjacent clips ( 3 ) of the clip system (KS) can be produced, in particular in the stretching and / or outlet zone (B, C).