DE102006027459A1 - Water treatment plant for purifying contaminated liquid by means of filter element, comprises pressurized container with an inlet for the contaminated liquid, a centrifuge with an inlet and outlet for the raw water, and ultrasonic device - Google Patents

Abstract

The water treatment plant for purifying contaminated liquid by means of filter element, comprises pressurized container (38) with an inlet for the contaminated liquid, a centrifuge (42) with an inlet and outlet for the raw water in which the elements of higher mass are separated, an ultrasonic device (46) for setting out of the raw water and UV-light processing device (48) in which the raw water with ultraviolet light is irradiated. The UV-light processing device has an inlet for the raw water and an outlet for pure water. The water treatment plant for purifying contaminated liquid by means of filter element, comprises pressurized container (38) with an inlet for the contaminated liquid, a centrifuge (42) with an inlet and outlet for the raw water in which the elements of higher mass are separated, an ultrasonic device (46) for setting out of the raw water and UV-light processing device (48) in which the raw water with ultraviolet light is irradiated. The UV-light processing device has an inlet for the raw water and an outlet for pure water. In the pressurized container, an excess pressure for pressing the contaminated liquid through the filter element and for generating raw water, which discharges via an outlet of the pressurized container, is created. A ventilation element is intended, in which the raw water is enriched by air. The filter element is implemented in such a manner that high positive pressure is applied to the inside of the pressurized container. A filtration is operatable according to a principle of a reverse osmosis. The filter element is back flushable. A preliminary stage-pressurized container is upstream to the pressurized container. Two pressurized containers and a preliminary stage-pressurized container are intended. The preliminary stage-pressurized container causes a large filtration and the pressurized container causes a fine to finest filtration. The filter element is formed as oblong filter element and has a pipe that is connected with a hollow filter body, which is built with an inner lying, a cavity forming base frame that is connected to the pipe. A base layer formed from relatively coarse-grained material. An outer layer is formed of relatively fine-grained material that surrounds the base layer, so that the liquid can drain off from the outside into the filter body and then through the pipe. The UV-light processing device has a light source, which radiates UV-light in radial direction and is arranged in such manner that the cascade shape water guidance is concentrically arranged on the light source so that the water flows from the upper cascade level in the longitudinal direction of the light source. The UV-light processing device has intermediate bases, which are horizontally aligned, easily inclined and runs down via the raw water of an intermediate base. The UV light source irradiates in radial direction and is arranged between the intermediate bases such that its longitudinal axis runs in horizontal direction.

Description

The The present invention relates to a water treatment plant for Cleaning a dirty liquid with the help of a filter element.

The The invention relates to liquids of all It will be described below with reference to the treatment of water explains because this area is an essential area of application.

The Treatment of water is on the one hand for service water and water, which is used in ponds or aquariums and in particular for the provision of drinking water necessary. An essential field of application of the devices according to the invention but is the treatment of surface water for provision of drinking water, so the following description in this application builds.

A Modern water treatment is supposed to provide drinking water that is qualitatively a natural drinking water equivalent. In a drinking water treatment plant is raw water or dirty water process with physical, biological and chemical mechanisms of action so treated that at the end of treatment drinking water according to the required Specifications is available. A close-to-nature drinking water treatment should follow the processes which are also used in nature to purify the water. This is why the filtration by means of filter elements is very common. Depending on the version of the filter element can be a coarse, fine or finest filtration be achieved.

Next The filtration of solids is also the sterility in regions with water scarcity, such as in the Mediterranean or in Africa, a significant problem, so that there is a common aftertreatment of each available at the tap potable drinking water with the help of an activated carbon filter is only sufficient if then the filtered water is boiled. Activated carbon also has the disadvantage that bacteria find good growth conditions in that, so that a large increase the restrained in the filter possibly harmful To fear bacteria is what the use of this filter material for drinking water treatment restricts or prevented.

A Alternative is the use of so-called reverse osmosis process. Reverse osmosis is a filtration process that allows Filter out substances in the molecular range. As with normal filtration is e.g. contaminated water against a filter element or material pressed. The impurities remain in front of the filter and the water molecules penetrate through the filter element. As a filter medium is used a permeable one or semipermeable membrane having a pore size of less than one ten-thousandths Micrometers. Because bacteria are between about one and four microns and Viruses are between 0.02 and 0.4 microns in size, these are also retained. That also applies to most of the other foreign substances in the water. The membrane works so like a fine sieve. It removes all suspended solids from the water e.g. Asbestos, rust, algae and just about all bacteria, viruses, heavy metal complexes, Pesticides, herbicides and all organic molecules with a molecular weight over 300. Therefore, water that has passed through a reverse osmosis is about 90% of all substances that are previously in the water were.

One Problem known water treatment plant is that these often have a very high energy requirement. This is especially true for water treatment plant who take advantage of the principle of reverse osmosis, since the itself osmosis evolving counterpressure must always be overcome. Usually the raw or dirty water is pressurized by a pump set that it can pass the membrane. There are about 6 to 7 kW for a filtration of about 1000 l of water necessary. Therefor 2 liters of diesel are needed per hour.

Of the However, energy demand is currently in the area of crisis areas, refugee camps or even after natural disasters often difficult. It is true possible on a short-term basis, to extract drinking water from almost any raw water by filtration however, this is a long-term supply of drinking water not guaranteed.

One Another problem is that often microorganisms not completely killed be that purified water is in many known plants not sufficiently germ-free or germ-free. This is just then Case when near-surface Water is to be treated, this example shows due of fecal matter high germination rates. Furthermore, some systems are not suitable for Filtering heavy metals, which are also harmful to health or can be. After all are known treatment plants, which provide an appealing cleaning or filtration performance are usually large and bulky. It is not possible, mobilize such systems or set up and dismantle them in a short time.

The object of the present invention is to provide a water treatment plant that can be operated with low energy consumption. It should be simple in design and still guarantee a maximum degree of purity. Au In addition, the water treatment plant should have the smallest possible dimensions and be quick and easy to assemble and disassemble.

According to the invention Task by a water treatment device with the features of claim 1.

The Water treatment plant according to the invention is generally suitable for a liquid disinfection, for example for the cleaning of drinking, process or wastewater.

Accordingly, a significant energy saving is achieved in that the dirty water is first passed into a pressure vessel. At this pressure vessel, a pressure line connects, via the compressed air is also passed into the pressure vessel. Thus, an overpressure is generated in the interior of the container, which presses the dirty water through the arranged inside the pressure vessel filter element. In contrast to known filter systems so not the dirty water itself is pumped, but it is driven through the medium air through the filter element. Accordingly, an air or gas compressor that requires much less energy than a conventional fluid pump is sufficient. With a pressure generation of 20 bar, about 300 W / m ^{3 are} sufficient, with a pressure of 50 bar only 600 W / m ^{3 are} necessary. In contrast, however, the use of liquid pumps so a significant energy savings possible. It has been found, for example, that when using the device according to the invention for a reverse osmosis, a more favorable factor of 10 energy balance can be achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment is the dirty water from above into the pressure vessel and led then by the preferably arranged at the bottom of the pressure vessel Filter element derived again. Also, the pressure line is in the upper Area of the pressure vessel connected.

Preferably is the pressure vessel as a separable pressure vessel executed i.e. that he over for example a flange in its middle region in two parts can be separated. this makes possible on the one hand, the maintenance, on the other hand, the cleaning of the filter element.

ever after execution of the filter element is a coarse and a fine filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration) and also a reverse osmosis feasible.

advantageously, offers a series connection of several pressure vessels, each having other filter elements. In a first container can For example, a pre-filtration that made from this first pressure vessel leaking water is over a supply line fed to one or two downstream pressure vessels.

In each of the pressure vessels can be a filter element or it can also be provided a plurality of filter elements. This is from the respective Use case and of the size ratios dependent on the water treatment plant.

According to one first embodiment of the invention so the dirty water is first coarse pre-filtered and then passed into a pressure vessel. It has proved to be particularly favorable if not just a pressure pad is provided, but downstream of a pre-filter pressure vessel two main pressure vessel are. This has the advantage that the pre-cleaned dirty water two pressure vessels can be distributed as an interim cleaning and draining of unfiltered water is necessary. This means that the pressure vessels each almost completely with Filled dirty water but afterwards only up to half to be driven empty. This is necessary because of the retention of dirt particles pollution of the remaining in the pressure vessel Dirty water is steadily increasing. In this respect, it is necessary to always use the pressure vessel to fill with new water, so that about the crowds Discharge polluted water in the meantime. It is informational useful if a pre-filter with two main filter with pre-cleaned Supplyed dirty water and the latter are each filled alternately. It can then be cleaned a main pressure vessel or emptied while the other main pressure vessel continues filtered water supplies. The proportions of the different pressure vessel should be chosen like that be that always a main pressure vessel filtered Water supplies.

The Supplying the individual pressure vessels with compressed air and with Dirty water is being poured over Controlled arranged the various lines control valves.

It has proven to be advantageous when within the main pressure vessel turbulators are provided, that in the containers located in water Move movement, which cheaper flow conditions be created on the filter elements.

The main pressure vessel is followed by a raw water line, through which the purified waste water (raw water) is discharged. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a raw water container is provided, which is filled via the raw water line. The water in this raw water tank is used for backwashing the filter element or the filter elements in the first pressure vessels. From the raw water tank leads for this purpose a line to the outlet of the first pressure vessel and another line from the air compressor to the raw water tank. Now, if the control valves are closed accordingly, the Reiwasserbehälter can be pressurized and pushes raw water through the outlet of the first pressure vessel in the on the therein filter elements and cleans them.

The Main pressure vessel are advantageously designed such that with these a filtration According to the principle of reverse osmosis can be performed, the filter elements and the performance of the air compressor must be designed accordingly.

According to one inventive variant may be provided in the bottom region of the pressure vessel an opening or a drain, which is covered by a membrane, so that the dirty water this must happen and be filtered. The membrane can be like this accomplished be that it allows a reverse osmosis.

• – einem innen angeordneten, einen Hohlraum ausbildenden und mit dem Rohr verbundenem Tragegerüst,
• – einer Grundschicht aus relativ grobkörnigem Material, dass das Tagegerüst umgibt und mit diesem verbunden ist,
• – einer Außenschicht aus relativ feinkörnigem Material, dass die Grundschicht umgibt und mit dieser verbunden ist,

sodass die Flüssigkeit von außen in den Filterkörper und dann durch das Rohr abfließen kann.As a filter element is in particular a filter element, with a tube which is connected to a hollow filter body, which is formed from

• A support frame arranged inside, forming a cavity and connected to the tube,
• A base layer of relatively coarse-grained material surrounding and connected to the scaffold,
• An outer layer of relatively fine-grained material surrounding and connected to the base layer,

so that the liquid can flow from the outside into the filter body and then through the pipe.

The filter element represents a departure from known filter elements, since the filter layers are arranged exactly the other way around than usual. The liquid first passes through the fine-grained outer layer and only then passes through the coarse-grained base layer, for example, from split to finally pass through the support body into the interior of the tube and be derived therefrom. Advantageously, the outer layer has a grain size of less than 1 mm, in particular from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. The DE 103 52 937 also by the inventors describes such a filter element, the disclosure of the already published DE 103 52 937 should therefore be fully related to this application.

The Filter elements can Pore widths of 100 to 1 μm exhibit.

The Pipe can have an inner diameter of 62 mm and an outer diameter of 65 mm and e.g. made of plastic or metal be. Close to the pipe the carrying frame which is in the filter body extends into it. This can preferably by single metal or Plastic rods be formed, which consists of a net wrapped in metal or plastic are.

The given orders of magnitude are freely selectable according to individual requirements, the specified dimensions are merely exemplary. Also it is possible that Build filter element with only one layer, so to speak on the To abstain coarse-shift.

One The essential advantage of the filter element is that it is backwashable. The cleaning of the filter element and the release of pore blockages are thus by rinsing from the inside to the outside easily possible.

ever after execution a filter element may be sufficient, but there may be more within the pressure vessel Be arranged filter elements. For this purpose, according to the invention a frame-like support structure be formed, which may be covered by a cover. In the support structure or in the cover are openings, in which the tubes of the filter elements can be inserted. Consequently can a plurality of filter elements in such a support structure next to each other be plugged in. Depending on the circumstances, a pinching Attachment in the support structure, but it can also be beneficial be equipped, for example, with a thread that pipes then into the opening is screwed in. Also can this with the help of a screw or a split pin on the back be attached to the cover. To continue the usable filter surface to raise is provided a layer of filter elements with relatively short Tubes and another layer of filter elements with relative To form long tubes that are arranged in alternation. For example can the filter elements with short tubes matrix, so in the manner of a checkerboard pattern be arranged side by side. It follows that in the middle of four filter elements creates a relatively large space. Of the Distance between the four filter elements to each other is calculated so that a tube of a filter element with a long tube between the four filter bodies through to an opening the support structure may extend.

Measurements have shown that such an arrangement can direct and filter up to 250 liters per second per square meter. The measurements were carried out with a filter wall with 98 filter elements at a flow level about one meter wide and 5 cm high. The flow rate is so high, among other things, because behind the filter elements after a certain time a suction occurs.

ever after execution the grain size and the free one Pore space of the fine layer, it is possible to use the filter element for filtration to use according to the principle of reverse osmosis.

alternative can the grain size and the Grain size and the free pore space also be set so that only one retention from grosser Particles take place for a reverse osmosis necessary filtration over an additional Foil or membrane takes place. This can, for example, the filter element surround or encase, but it can also be in the filter element be integrated. The first solution has the advantage that the film is cleaned or replaced separately can be the second solution has contrast, the advantage that the film, if they are within the Filter element is arranged against mechanical damage protected is. Possible but is also a sheath of the filter element with the film, in turn, these in turn of a resilient network or grating is surrounded, that a mechanical damage of the Prevents film. For example, a network or grid offers itself made of steel.

advantageously, the filter elements are arranged so that the main flow direction is transverse to the membrane. The outflow of concentrate causes in this structure, that in front of the filter element only a very can build up small filter cake. This can be explained by a short-term increase the concentrate flow rate from time to time remove (rinse).

The Layer that is supposed to enable an osmosis reversal, can by any be formed suitable material. It also lends itself, for example a nonwoven (woven or nonwoven).

Finally suitable the water treatment plant according to the invention also for a pure Grobstofffiltration, in which the bacteria and viruses are not retained become. these can then by further subsequent treatment steps killed become. For example, according to the invention, a downstream circuit is a UV light treatment device meaningful.

to Separation of heavy metals, the raw water is then one Centrifuge supplied. This is preferably conical, with the raw water on lower, the smaller diameter end is supplied. The rotatably mounted centrifuge uses the centrifugal force for deposition of solids from the raw water. The spin rate, which is the acceleration forces, the exerted on the centrifuging Be describes, depending on the requirement and degree of pollution be varied. The raw water is up in the centrifuge driven, where it is in a subsequent downpipe to the centrifuge is directed. The downpipe itself does not turn and only serves the discharge of the treated raw water.

in the Connection to the filtration is inventively provided that the raw water via a raw water pipe a ventilation element supplied becomes. This ventilation element is through a container formed in which the raw water feinsperlig enriched with air becomes. The raw water is through a sieve with a pore size less than three microns, preferably less than one Micrometer pressed. The air is supplied via a dedicated Compressor over a compressed air line is connected to the ventilation element.

The raw water enriched with air or oxygen then becomes one according to the invention Ultrasound treatment supplied. The generation of high intensity acoustic fields in liquids leads to cavitation effects. This refers to the emergence, growth and oscillation of Bubbles from which the pollutants are taken. Through this Type of pollutant removal are broken cell walls of bacteria. Ultrasonic wave loading is a very effective one Remedy for legionella. Many legionella hide in shelters, such as e.g. amoebas or hard manels. The cell destruction of amoebae by ultrasound is by the previous introduction of finstperliger Air significantly improved.

Ultrasonic waves open this Shelters and thus put the legionella for released the following UV irradiation, in which the now-exposed Legionella in the UV light treatment device according to the invention safely killed become.

Especially According to the invention, a UV light treatment device is suitable with a light source emitting ultraviolet light, and one cascading Water management, which is arranged such that over the water supply passed water irradiated with light emitted from the light source becomes.

The Dosage and wavelength the UV radiation and the arrangement of the light source for water flow are so selected that microorganisms are killed in the water.

It is therefore essential to clarify which microorganism is to be killed, which degree of inactivation (sterilization) is to be achieved, which Flow rate to be realized and which dimensions are available. For example, it has been found that for an inactivation level of 99.9% for coliform bacteria in water, a power of 6.2 mW × s / cm ² should be chosen as the minimum radiation dose. Depending on the application, the power of a UV radiation source in a thin-film cascade can be between 20 W and 650 W.

The UV light treatment device according to the invention advantageously has a cascaded water flow. This means that the water to be purified is not as in the state the technique with a relatively high Speed is passed by the light source, but that it due the cascading one water flow is braked and swirled in every step. Thus, the duration, which the water is irradiated with UV light, correspondingly longer.

advantageously, the light source is tubular and can be upright, that is arranged vertically standing. To this tubular light source, which emits radial UV light in all directions, the cascaded water flow is arranged like a shell. This means, that the cascading water flow advantageously arranged on the inner wall of a likewise tubular housing is that extends around the light source.

To cleansing water is absorbed from above as possible over the entire circumference the housing initiated. The cascading Water supply points arranged on each other cascade stages, starting from an upper end of the housing each have a smaller distance from the light source. The supplied water flows So first about the entire circumference the first cascade stage on the then second following Cascade level, then to the next one Cascade level and approaching it is constantly the light source.

The cascade water flow on the one hand has the advantage that the flow velocity of the water is reduced, but on the other hand is advantageously also the diluted to be irradiated water film (Thin film irradiation). This results from the fact that on the one hand the supplied water on the the entire circumference is distributed and on the other hand due to the demolition edges the individual cascade stages a thin film is generated.

advantageously, Each cascade stage has a basin into which the water from the flows in the upper stage and gather there. Only when the pelvis is completely filled, flows the water over one of the light source facing the front wall over and further down in the basin of the next cascade level below. The pelvis cause that the flow of water is significantly slowed down and thus the Water is exposed to ultraviolet light for longer.

advantageously, can the individual cascade stages sloping in the direction of the light source accomplished so be assured is that the water from the basin always goes down over the front wall running. This may be important if the housing in which the water guide is located, is placed on uneven ground. Would the cascade stages level would be lost it is necessary to keep the entire plant in the horizontal very precisely align. At an angle Cascade levels can be a certain misalignment from the horizontal out to be accepted.

Around to prevent pooled water from collecting the bottom of a basin a small opening, so have a hole through a small proportion of the water in the pool directly is derived into the underlying cascade stage. This opening is located advantageously at the lowest point of the basin, so then, when the basin sloping towards the light source aligned, in the area of the front wall. It has shown, that it is sufficient if through the opening about 1% of the incoming water flow away can. Also, it has proved to be advantageous if the openings of cascade stages arranged one below the other not directly with each other, but are distributed on the perimeter. this leads to to keep the water moving even on a cascade level.

It has been shown that a UV lamp is particularly suitable, the Light in the wavelength range from 240-280 nm, preferably with a main source of 265 nm. The However, the invention is not limited to this wavelength range, but rather it refers to all suitable wavelengths.

Instead of a vertically positioned UV lamp, it is possible to use horizontally oriented UV lamps, which are aligned parallel to several intermediate floors over which the raw water flows. In such a cascade, the raw water is introduced from above onto a first intermediate floor, flows on this in one direction only up to the end, where it falls on a second intermediate floor arranged underneath. The raw water then flows on this then in the opposite direction, at the end of which fall down again on an underlying intermediate floor. The process is repeated so that the raw water s-lines - or sinusoidal from top to bottom by the treatment device gelei tet is. Between the shelves horizontally aligned UV lamps are inserted, which can even come into contact with the raw water due to a waterproof sheathing. It is possible to use only one UV lamp, but a higher exposure to UV light is achieved when several lamps are inserted one behind the other. A suitable cascade is about one meter high, has a diameter of 40 cm and about 33 intermediate floors.

The Entire water treatment plant can be manufactured with simple components and takes up very little space. It is possible the to place the entire water treatment plant on a Euro pallet, wherein the pure water leaving the water treatment plant has drinking water quality.

The Water treatment plant can preferably be fully automatic, for example via a PLC control controlled, but it is also a manual operation possible. The Pure water leaving the water treatment plant can be removed in a pure water tank and preferably with germ-free air be supplied. This will the durability or permanent purity the pure water improved. Each processing step can only be performed once or even several times. The energy supply is also according to the invention Conversion systems possible, for example converting wind, solar or hydro power into electricity.

For both versions applies that in particularly advantageous embodiments, the pelvic floors permeable to UV light Material, such as quartz glass are made, so that the UV light optimally in the container distributed and the raw water over one possible long period of UV light from both below and from above is charged. The inner wall of the container is covered with a reflective Coating, such as anodized aluminum, provided. This leads to, that the emitted light is reflected and thus of the respective reflecting layers back thrown into the water. In this way, one becomes clear increased radiation intensity achieved, which in turn leads to a higher sterilization. Both execution can hanging can be arranged to allow a self-aligning alignment.

To Flow through The UV light treatment device can advantageously a biological purification, e.g. under supply of oxygen and a Connect the stone filter.

The The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the following figures. The Figures are only for a better understanding of the invention and should do not limit the scope of protection. Show it:

1 : a filter element in a schematic representation in section,

2 : a water treatment plant according to the invention in a schematic representation,

3 : a schematic representation of the arrangement of several filter elements within the pressure vessel,

4 : a UV light treatment device according to the invention in a schematic representation,

5 FIG. 2: a second embodiment variant of a UV light treatment device according to the invention in a schematic representation, FIG.

For a better understanding, a filter element which is particularly advantageous for the invention is first of all 10 described (cf. 1 ). This has a tube 12 and a filter body 14 on. The pipe 12 and the filter body 14 are preferably cylindrical and arranged concentrically about a longitudinal axis XX. The pipe 12 has a free end 16 and a filter body end 18 on. At the filter body end 18 is a carrying framework 20 attached. This can be made of rods 22 be formed, which are covered by a network structure. As a network structure, for example, a grid 24 , but also a stocking be provided. Inside the carrying frame 20 a cavity is formed.

The carrying frame 20 is of a base layer 26 Surrounded with the stretcher 20 connected is. To the base layer 26 is again an outer layer 28 arranged, which is connected to the base layer. Both the base layer 26 as well as the outer layer 28 may have epoxy resin as a binding and bonding agent. Any other suitable adhesive or binder may be used instead of epoxy resin, but care must be taken to ensure that it does not secrete any toxins.

The filter body 14 has an end face 30 and a back 32 on. The backside 32 is not in the present embodiment of the outer layer 28 covered, the back 32 can either impermeable or even with the outer layer 28 be covered.

The filter body 14 It can have a slightly conical shape to make it easier to remove from its mold during manufacture. However, it has been shown that in the present case a highly conical Shape (fir tree shape) is therefore very suitable, because this ensures an optimal flow direction. The largest possible surface causes a better and faster flow through the filter element 10 , An increase in surface area can be achieved, for example, by an irregular outer surface, for example a star, wave or lamella shape.

The bars 22 are advantageously by cross bars 34 at the tube 12 opposite ends connected together.

The grid 24 is in 1 only partially shown, it extends over the entire length of the bars 22 , The bars 22 occur in the illustrated embodiment of the back 32 of the filter body 14 also, this is only an example to understand, other mounting options for the filter body are conceivable.

The illustrated arrows illustrate that the liquid from the outside on all sides by the outer layer 28 and the base layer 26 into the cavity of the support frame 20 penetrate and through the pipe 12 can be derived.

Out 2 results in an exemplary construction of a water treatment plant according to the invention 34 ,

Dirty water is first through a first pump 36 sucked and a pressure vessel 38 fed. A compressor 40 acts on the pressure vessel 38 with pressure. Inside the pressure vessel 38 are filter elements 10 arranged, which allow a corresponding filtration, such as a reverse osmosis.

That from the pressure vessel 38 escaping water (hereinafter raw water) becomes a centrifuge 42 fed or can backwash the filter element 10 be used.

In the centrifuge 42 Further solids, in particular heavy metals are deposited. The centrifuged raw water passes through a downpipe 43 from the centrifuge 42 off and gets to a ventilation element 44 pumped. The ventilation element 44 is also from the compressor 40 supplied with air or oxygen. Starting from the ventilation element 44 the raw water is sent to an ultrasonic device 46 forwarded. There, host bodies are broken up by viruses and, for example, legionella, and the viruses, legionella and fungi etc. are separated and completely uncovered.

The raw water thus pretreated is then applied to the UV light treatment device according to the invention 48 fed. Via a distribution element 50 becomes the raw water of a first stage of a cascaded UV light treatment device 48 fed. In this, the microorganisms are killed by exposing the raw water running in a thin layer through the cascade to UV light.

Subsequently, the raw water, which has now been transferred to pure water, is transferred to a pure water tank 52 directed. Possibly. can the pure water from the pure water tank 52 again the UV light treatment device 48 be supplied.

3 further illustrates an advantageous embodiment of an arrangement of a plurality of filter elements 10 for example, in the bottom region of the pressure vessel 38 , They are filter elements 10 with long pipes 12 and filter elements 10 with shorter tubes 12 intended. The filter elements 10 are arranged so that in principle two layers result, namely a front and a back layer. The filter elements 10 can be arbitrarily arranged to form these two layers, 3 but illustrates a particularly advantageous arrangement possibility. Between four filter elements 10 with short tubes 12 is a filter element in the middle 10 with a long pipe 12 arranged. Here, the filter body 14 the filter elements 10 with a long pipe 12 spaced from the filter bodies 14 the filter elements 10 with a short tube 12 be arranged, but they can also be postponed until contact.

4 shows a UV light treatment device according to the invention 60 , This has a inside upright so vertical standing light source 62 which emits UV light radially in all directions. It has been shown that particularly good effects are achieved in the wavelength range between 240-280 nm, the main wave should be at about 260 nm.

In the present embodiment, the tubular light source is 62 in a housing 65 arranged, which also has a circular cross section, that is also designed tubular. On an inner wall 63 of the housing 65 is a cascade-shaped water supply according to the invention 64 provided, which is about the light source 62 extends around. The water supply 64 is preferably concentric about the light source 62 arranged.

The water supply 64 is through cascade stages 66 formed, which are arranged so that their distance from the light source 62 from top to bottom, ie steadily decreasing in the flow direction of the water. The water is thus at a top cascade level 66 passed and flows over its edge down to the next cascade stage 66 etc.

According to the invention, each cascade stage 66 advantageously a step basin 68 on. This is through an intermediate floor 70 , a front wall 72 and a back wall 74 educated. In this step basin 68 The water is first collected until it reaches over the front wall 72 down to the step basin 68 the underlying cascade level 66 flows.

The front wall 72 tapers advantageously in the direction of its free end, so that there is a sharp as possible tear-off. This causes that on the front wall 72 on the light source 62 facing side water film is very thin. This in turn has the advantage that the incident UV light can better reach particles in the water, as they do not shade each other.

Depending on the version of the UV light treatment device 60 or depending on their desired height, it may be useful to have several cascade sections 76 provide that can be placed on each other. These are either by welding, gluing, screwing, riveting or similar. connectable with each other, but it may also be advantageous if they are only placed on each other. It does not necessarily have to be the cascade sections 76 firmly connect with each other.

That in a lowest cascade level 66 located water flows due to a correspondingly executed intermediate floor 70 not in the direction of the light source 62 but back towards the inner wall 63 , A back wall 74 is on these lowest cascade levels 66 not provided. Through an opening 80 then it enters an upper cascade level 66 of the underlying cascade section 76 ,

Advantageously, in the pelvic floors 70 openings 80 be provided, which cause a small proportion of the water does not over the front wall 72 but directly through the opening 80 into the underlying step basin 80 can flow. This prevents getting into the step basin 68 forms standing water with increased germ load.

The housing 65 the UV light treatment device 60 can advantageously an overflow opening 82 through which the water can then escape when passing through a drain 56 that is in the area of a soil 44 the UV light treatment device 60 is unable to drain away.

It has been found that a particularly good effect of the germicidal UV light is achieved when the light source 62 facing surfaces of the water supply 64 and / or the housing 42 have reflective surfaces. It has been shown that when the front wall 72 , the back wall 74 and the intermediate floor 70 reflective coated, the achievable degree of purity is significantly increased.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the step basins 68 are heated, in particular such that the water to be purified reaches temperatures of about 60 °, so as to further support the germ killing.

The step basin 68 advantageously have a sloping intermediate floor 70 up in the direction of the light source 62 drops. This ensures that the water is always in the direction of the light source 62 and over the front wall 72 can flow. The openings are corresponding 80 in the pelvic floors 70 in the area of the front walls 72 arranged.

The Step basin can be made of various suitable materials be. Offers according to the invention but an execution made of ceramic or clay or another natural substance. Ceramic or Sound is inexpensive and often in countries too the third world are processed. Of course, an execution is also off Steel or aluminum for suitable.

5 shows a second embodiment of a UV light treatment device according to the invention 48 , The introduced raw water is also via a distribution element 50 in a cascaded UV light treatment device 48 , Within the housing are substantially horizontally aligned shelves 90 arranged one below the other. The raw water first reaches an intermediate floor 90 and flows in the direction of the arrow along the false floor 90 until his free end. There it falls down to the next intermediate floor 90 and flows in the opposite direction. Direction, also to the free end of this false floor 90 , The shelves 90 are arranged correspondingly sloping for this purpose. In the exemplary embodiment shown, two light sources 62 shown, which are parallel to the shelves 90 extend. The shelves 90 are advantageously made of a UV-transparent material, so that the raw water is subjected to both from below and from above with UV light.

The entire water treatment plant 34 can be designed so that it can be easily transported on a Euro pallet. It has also been shown that the entire water treatment plant 34 can be made so small that it can be conveniently used as a kitchen appliance, for example, the size of a microwave. Depending on the selection of suitable materials, it can also be designed so light that it can be carried in suitcase size in appropriate regions. The dimension can be less than 1m in each direction.

The light source 62 needed 60 W. All the energy can be covered either by using solar energy, by muscle power, for example by driving a dynamo, or by utilizing the flow energy of the water source used.

To ensure trouble-free operation of the water treatment plant 34 or the UV light treatment device 48 Depending on the design, it may be necessary to ensure that the respective devices are aligned horizontally.

This can be achieved with the help of appropriate measuring devices, with height-adjustable Feet provided could be. It is also possible the entire water treatment plant or just the UV light treatment device hang centrally on a kind of gallows.

All components of the water treatment plant 34 are extremely easy to use and have a very long life due to the few moving parts. Thus, the water treatment plant is suitable 34 Excellent for use in areas with long-term water scarcity and where specialized personnel are not readily available.

Claims (10)

Water treatment plant ( 34 ) with - at least one pressure vessel ( 38 ) with a feed ( 44 ) for waste water, wherein in the pressure vessel ( 38 ) Pressure prevails, which is sufficient that dirty water through a filter element ( 10 ) and to produce raw water that exits the pressure vessel via an outlet, - a centrifuge ( 42 ) having an inlet and an outlet for the raw water in which elements of higher mass are deposited, - an ultrasonic device ( 46 ) in which the raw water is exposed to ultrasound, with an inlet and an outlet for the raw water, - a UV light treatment device ( 48 ) in which the raw water is irradiated with ultraviolet light, with an inlet for the raw water and an outlet for pure water. Water treatment plant ( 34 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that a ventilation element ( 44 ) is provided, in which the raw water is enriched with air before it is exposed to ultrasound. Water treatment plant ( 34 ) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the filter element ( 10 ) executed in such a way and the overpressure within the pressure vessel ( 38 ) is so high that a filtration according to a principle of reverse osmosis is feasible. Water treatment plant ( 34 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filter element ( 10 ) is backwashable. Water treatment plant ( 34 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressure vessel ( 38 ) is preceded by a precursor pressure vessel. Water treatment plant ( 34 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that two pressure vessels ( 38 ) and a precursor pressure vessel are provided. Water treatment plant ( 34 ) according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that the precursor pressure vessel has a coarse filtration and the pressure vessel (s) ( 38 ) cause a fine to finest filtration. Water treatment plant ( 34 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the filter element ( 10 ) as an elongated filter element ( 10 ) is formed with - a pipe ( 12 ), which is connected to - a hollow filter body ( 14 ), which is formed from - an internally arranged, a cavity forming and with the tube ( 12 ) supporting framework ( 20 ), - a basic layer ( 26 ) of relatively coarse-grained material that the scaffold ( 20 ) and is connected to it, - an outer layer ( 28 ) of relatively fine-grained material that the base layer ( 26 ) and connected to it, so that the liquid from the outside into the filter body ( 14 ) and then through the pipe ( 12 ) can drain. Water treatment plant ( 34 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the UV light treatment device ( 48 ) a light source ( 62 ), which is designed such that it emits UV light in the radial direction on all sides and is arranged such that its longitudinal axis extends in the vertical direction, and that the cascaded water flow ( 64 ) concentrically around the light source ( 62 ) is arranged around, so that water from above via cascade stages ( 66 ) down along the longitudinal direction of the light source ( 62 ) and is constantly irradiated with UV light. Water treatment plant ( 34 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that the UV light treatment device ( 48 ) Intermediate floors ( 90 ), which are aligned substantially horizontally but slightly inclined and over which the raw water from an intermediate floor ( 90 ) to the next, the light source ( 62 ) Radiates UV light in the radial direction on all sides and thus between the shelves ( 90 ) is arranged so that its longitudinal axis extends in the horizontal direction.