DE102005020952A1 - Phase module for a transverse flux machine - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the present invention, a phase module for a transverse flux machine (14), consisting of a stator (8) having an annular back (1) for receiving an annular current-carrying winding (2) and with the back (1) final, the end faces of the stator (8) comprises annular tooth plate plates (3), a rotor (9) coaxial with the stator (8) and having an annular yoke (4) mounted thereon magnets (5), each tooth plate (3) of the stator (8) circularly arranged, extending in the radial direction of teeth (10), which are arranged concentrically to the magnets (5) of the rotor (9) proposed, wherein to increase the force density and the resulting torque, the teeth (10) of a Tooth piece plate (3) are extended in the axial direction.

Description

The The present invention relates to a phase module for a transverse flux machine consisting of a stator having an annular back for receiving an annular current-carrying Winding and with the back final, the End faces of the stator forming annular Zahnstückplatten further comprising a rotor coaxial with the stator is arranged, and the one annular conclusion and attached thereto Magnets, each Zahnstückplatte the stator arranged in a circle, having radially extending teeth which are concentric are arranged to the magnets of the rotor. Furthermore, the concerns Invention a transverse flux machine with corresponding phase modules.

transverse flux are particularly suitable as so-called high-torque motors, which are capable of extraordinary Turns to develop. These usually work in slower speed ranges. Furthermore you can the big ones personnel preferably be transmitted directly to the driven load (direct drive). transverse flux are characterized by the fact that the plane of the river is vertical to the direction of movement of the runner (Rotor) is.

permanent-magnet Transverse flux machines are preferably used for drives, in which self-cooling, the weight and the nominal and holding torque are in the foreground. The transversal flux machines can as indoor or External rotor construction accomplished be. They are modular and consist of individual ones independent Phase modules.

One such phase module for a transverse flux machine is known from WO 2004/107530. When using three phase modules, AC power is supplied the annular live Windings of the modules are each phase-shifted by 120 °. In the mentioned document is the corresponding transverse flux machine for driving a Traction sheave elevator used. A phase module consists of a barrel-shaped Rotor, an annular conclusion has, on the outer circumference Magnets are attached. In this case, permanent magnets are in the region of the stator poles mounted in alternating arrangement of their poles on the conclusion. Between these both annular Magnetic arrangements is located opposite to the stator winding nonmagnetic spacer, for example a ring of glass fiber reinforced plastic. The stator consists in turn of an annular back with a located therein annular live Winding. The end faces of the stator are formed by two annular tooth plates formed, each connected by two circular bolts with the back are. On the inner circumference of the tooth plate are radially projecting teeth that form the stator poles. The tooth plate plates are made of a soft magnet, to a fast polarity reversal to enable phase-correcting at the appropriate frequencies. Per stator pole or tooth there are two adjacent ones on the rotor Magnets whose different poles in the direction of Statorpols demonstrate.

Of the magnetic flux in this known phase module, for example from an (N) permanent magnet pole on the rotor to an (S) stator pole the one toothed plate and continues through the annular move of the stator to the opposite (N-) stator pole, from where the magnetic flux on the (S) permanent magnet pole hits the rotor. The magnetic flux thus includes the flow of current. The generated by AC voltage torque of the rotor is at this internal rotor construction transmitted to an axis connected to the rotor, which in turn is a traction sheave a lift drives.

in the Foreground in this known from WO 2004/107530 mentioned Transverse flux machine is the integration of one with the driven Axle connected brake disc.

The Force density of such a known transverse flux machine is limited and for certain applications, the resulting torque is too low. Desirable is an increase the volumetric force density and thus an increase of the torque with the same space. At the same time a simple and cost-effective production should be possible.

Advantages of the invention

According to the invention are at a phase module described above for a transverse flux machine, whose stator is an annular move for receiving an annular live Winding and with the back final, the End face of the stator forming annular Zahnstückplatten has, the teeth a tooth plate extended in the axial direction. Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the appended subclaims and the following description.

In the context of the present invention, it makes sense if all teeth of both tooth piece plates, so all the stator poles are extended in the axial direction. However, this should exclude not less preferred cases in which only the teeth of a. Tooth plate such axial broadening or only individual teeth of the two Zahnstückplatten. The inventive extension of the teeth in the axial direction leads to an anvil shape when the extension is made in both directions, or to a claw shape when the extension is made in one direction only. Particularly useful is a claw-shaped formation of the teeth in the direction of the stator winding. In this case, the extensions of the teeth in the axial direction of the two Zahnstückplatten show each other.

in the The following is intended without limitation the general public of the last described way of the axial extension the teeth be the speech that are designed claw-shaped accordingly.

The Claw shape according to the invention the teeth increases the active area the teeth essential, so that with the same size of the phase module of the air gap Reduced between rotor and stator and the flow can be increased can, in particular. when the magnets of the rotor are the same active area have as an opposite tooth or claw surface of the Stator pole. Under active area becomes that area understood, through which the magnetic flux passes. These Increase the active area leads to a greater basic excitement the machine and thus to higher power densities. Because the arousal over Magnets is, it is lossless (in contrast to current excitation).

There the river guidance in the tooth plate three-dimensional is done, is for these regions use a powder composite (Soft Magnetic Composite = SMC) is particularly advantageous. The tooth plate is here at least in the field of teeth or stator poles of a made of such composite material. Because in general big components are difficult to manufacture from such powder composites, it is an advantage, the Zahnstückplatte to produce from individual tooth segments, which then to the annular complete tooth plate be assembled. The advantage of the smaller tooth segments exists in that the SMC components are manufactured by surface pressure can. As a result, a small component has higher robustness, more homogeneous Material properties and lower production costs.

The Attachment of the two tooth plate plates on the back the stator can over Bolts happen. It is important that the attachment the Torque transmits and the Tooth piece plates - especially if they are modular in design - anchored in a directionally neutral way. For this purpose, a minimum number of 2 bolts per tooth plate must be provided for round bolts. With differently shaped bolts (eg rectangular) is only a bolt necessary. Other types of attachment, such as clamping or gluing, are possible, provided they have the forces and transmit torques can.

The Number of phase modules of a transversal flux machine is free ,. wherein at least two phases must be present to a continuous To generate torque. To fall back on existing converter technology to be able to It is recommended that the number of phases 3. It can also be 4, 5, 6 or more phase modules housed in a transversal flux machine be. It is also possible, for example operate two phase modules in parallel.

With the invention it is possible the length the juxtaposed phase modules of a transverse flux machine To shorten. Between two phase modules, a thickness of the toothed plate is sufficient as a conclusion of 2/3 of the thickness at the edge of the transverse flux machine (at the edge exists the original one Thickness of the tooth plate). The length gain leads to Savings on material and weight and thus costs. On the other hand can on the length gain be omitted to manufacture all toothed plates in the production to keep the same, which again in favor of the production costs effect.

in the Within the scope of the present invention are two different arrangements of magnets on the annular conclusion possible: For one thing the magnets may be arranged such that N and S poles alternately on the circumference of the inference lie of the rotor. In an internal rotor design are therefore two rows of magnets (corresponding to the two tooth plates of the Stators) on the outer circumference the inference of the rotor. In each row N- and S-poles alternate from, furthermore, each N pole of one row are an S pole of the other Row opposite. Since according to the invention the active area of each magnet to the same size as that of a claw face of a Tooth or Statorpols the Zahnstückplatte be enlarged can, can big Part or entirely on the non-magnetic spacer (see WO 2004/107530) between the two annular magnet arrangements are dispensed with. The same applies, of course in an analogous way for an external rotor construction.

A second alternative arrangement possibility for the magnets on the conclusion of the rotor leads to a flux concentration. For this purpose, the magnets are radially in the annular yoke used, so that the poles of the magnets face each other, wherein the magnets are arranged opposite to each other. In contrast to the first-mentioned arrangement, the N- and S-poles of the magnets in this alternative arrangement are therefore not arranged opposite the stator poles, but rather the poles are arranged opposite one another. In the antipole arrangement described, the sequence NS, SN, NS, etc. arises. In this antipole arrangement, the magnetic field is pressed radially outwards, whereby a flux concentration occurs in comparison to the former arrangement form. As a result, the basic excitation can be further increased in the rotor. Due to the opposite polarity of the magnets, the flux is concentrated in the iron regions of the back yoke, which increases the induction of the active surfaces. As a result, the power density increases and the engine provides more torque.

One Another aspect of the invention relates to the manner of cooling a Phase module to increase the power density. According to the invention here is provided, in a generic phase module at least one cooling pipe in a for to arrange the winding provided winding groove of the stator back. Because such a cooling more effective than previously known types of cooling the stator winding is, this can force density and thus the torque supplied by the engine can be increased. insofar this aspect of the invention is independent of the first aspect of the Broadening or lengthening the stator poles in the axial direction. However, it is particularly advantageous to combine both aspects. Both aspects of the invention are like already stressed - in Internal and external rotor design to realize. In the following embodiments, only the Internal rotor construction shown. The outer rotor design offers the advantage that the bore diameter is larger and thus the torque output higher is. Also allows the external rotor larger numbers of poles as the inner rotor.

in the The following are the invention and its advantages with reference to in the The following figures illustrated embodiments will be explained in more detail.

1 shows a motor composed of 3 phase modules (transversal flux machine) in a schematic perspective view,

2 shows the exploded view of a phase module according to the invention in a schematic form,

3 shows an exploded view of a phase module according to the invention in a slightly different embodiment,

4 shows a section through a phase module according to the invention in the axial direction at the level of the stator poles,

5 shows a section according to 4 , here with a cooling tube,

6 shows two juxtaposed phase modules and the achievable length gain,

7 shows a cross section through a rotor of a phase module, and

8th shows a cross section through a rotor of a phase module with an alternative arrangement of the magnet for concentration of the magnetic flux.

1 very schematically shows one of three phase modules according to the invention 13 compound transverse flux machine 14 , To recognize the individual backs 1 of each stator and those with the back 1 final, the end faces of each stator 8th forming annular Zahnstückplatten 3 , The teeth of each tooth plate 3 are with 10 designated. They extend in the radial direction inward and are extended according to the invention in the axial direction. Furthermore, it is off 1 a rotor 9 recognizable, which is drum-shaped or annular and coaxial with the stator 8th is arranged. Each phase module 13 has such a rotor 9 on. Also visible are those on the annular yoke 4 of the rotor 9 attached magnets 5 ,

At the in 1 illustrated transverse flux machine 14 are 3 phase modules 13 available. This allows to use existing converter technology. Inverter and further details of the power electronics are known in the art and therefore not shown individually in the figures. The transverse flux machine according to the invention 14 is suitable for moving high loads, especially in the lower speed range. The invention enables high power densities and thus a high torque output.

2 shows the exploded view of a phase module 13 out 1 , Clearly visible is the annular back 1 of the stator 8th , The back 1 can be laminated (eg cut cores or stamped rondettes). In this back 1 is an annular winding 2 adapted to the shape of the resulting space from Zahnstückplatte-back Zahnstückplatte and possibly existing cooling tubes. The annular wick lung 2 leads the applied alternating current.

The tooth plate plates 3 are generally circular or annular and have radially inwardly extending teeth 10 on, according to the invention, these teeth 10 in the axial direction, in this embodiment in the direction of the winding 2 , are extended. It thus creates a claw shape of the teeth 10 , In the composite stator 8th are the claws of the two Zahnstückplatten 3 opposite each other. This claw shape becomes the active surface of the teeth 10 greatly enlarged. In the rotor 9 is the phase module 13 from an annular conclusion 4 , on the magnets 5 are fastened (compare also cross-section in 7 ). The fastening of the magnets 5 can be done by gluing, clamping or the like. The magnets 5 have the same active area as the claw face of the teeth 10 of the stator 8th , Will the machine be included? operated low speed, the return must not be performed laminated (eg steel tube). At higher frequencies or speeds, however, it may be useful to plate it to reduce the eddy current losses (eg cost-effective cut cores or stamped rondettes).

The enlargement of the active area of the magnets 5 leads to an adjacent arrangement of the annular magnet arrangements on the conclusion 4 , A non-magnetic spacer, as it is usually provided, can be completely dispensed with in the present embodiment according to the invention. Due to the claw shape and the enlarged magnetic surfaces, the active area can be increased. This leads to a greater basic excitation of the machine and thus to higher power densities. It should be noted that these advantages are achieved without increasing the space of a phase module.

3 shows a phase module according to the invention in an exploded view, with the explanations of the 2 is referenced. Identical components are designated by the same reference numerals. In this embodiment according to 3 are the Zahnstückplatten 3 from individual tooth segments 11 composed. The individual toothed segments are advantageously made of a powder composite material (SMC) by means of surface pressure. They have high robustness, homogeneous material properties and low production costs. The tooth segments 11 become an annular complete Zahnstückplatte 3 composed.

As already mentioned, the attachment of Zahnstückplatten 3 on the back 1 of the stator 8th via ring-shaped or square bolts. Other types of attachment such as clamps or gluing are possible. Important is a directionally neutral anchoring of Zahnstückplatten and a delay and lossless transmission of the forces and torques occurring.

Per tooth segment 11 ( 3 ) or per tooth piece 10 ( 2 ) are two opposite magnets 5 on the rotor 9 intended. The drawings represent this relationship only schematically.

4 shows an axial section through a phase module according to the invention 13 at the height of the claws of the teeth 10 , Clearly visible is the claw shape of the teeth 10 in the axial direction in the direction of the winding 2 are extended, with the claws of the teeth 10 the two Zahnstückplatten 3 directed towards each other. The back of the stator 8th is with 1 designated.

The magnets 5 on the conclusion 4 of the rotor 9 have an active area equal to the claw area of the opposing teeth 10 equivalent. This results in relatively wide magnets 5 , so that it comes to a total of a higher flow through the basic excitement of the machine. The magnetic flux goes in 4 over the entire width of the left magnet 5 in the opposite claw surface of the tooth (or stator pole) 10 and from there in the back 1 of the stator 8th to get into the right tooth 10 continue. From there, the flow reaches the entire claw surface of the tooth 10 in the opposite surface of the right magnet 5 , In the prior art only carries the narrow width of the tooth 10 in the upper area (next to the back 1 ) to the excitation flux, since the claws are not present. Accordingly, the magnets are reduced in size. 4 thus clearly shows the increase in power density.

5 shows another measure to increase the power density, which is provided for efficient cooling. Otherwise the conditions are 5 with those of 4 identical. In that regard, to the explanations of 4 directed. The same elements bear the same reference numerals. According to the invention, at least one cooling tube 6 directly in the winding groove 12 intended. In 5 are two cooling pipes 6 in the winding groove 12 shown. The cooling takes place via a in the cooling tubes 6 flowing coolant. Between two teeth 10 is sufficient space, for example, to lead the cooling tube to the outside (in an internal rotor) or to lead the cooling tube inwards (in an external rotor). The type of cooling according to the invention is more effective than that known in the prior art, in which a cooling jacket is generally used.

The arrangement of the cooling pipes 6 in 5 in the winding groove 12 leads to an increase in the power density even in previously known phase modules of a transverse flux machine. In this respect, this is an independent aspect of the invention dung.

6 shows two juxtaposed phase modules 13 out 5 , wherein again like elements are designated by the same reference numerals. It is based on the explanations to the 4 and 5 directed. 6 illustrates the length gain, with the difference in length 7 can be saved if between the adjacent phase modules 13 Tooth piece plates 3 be used with only two-thirds of the thickness, as for example, arranged on the outer sides Zahnstückplatten 3 exhibit. The difference in length can be explained by the 120 ° offset in the current, which causes a 120 ° offset in the flooding, so that two 120 ° displaced floods share a tooth. The amplitude of the superimposed flooding is only 2/3 and not 2. The use of thinner tooth plates 3 Overall leads to savings in material and weight and thus also in costs.

7 shows a cross section through a rotor 9 as he is for example in 2 is shown. The annular conclusion of the rotor 9 is with 4 designated. The magnets 5 are arranged side by side on a circular path, alternating on the top of the magnet N- and S-pole. The N and S poles are here the teeth 10 a tooth plate 3 of the stator 8th facing. As already mentioned, there are two magnets 5 one tooth each 10 or toothed segment 11 (generally stator pole) assigned.

An alternative arrangement of magnets 5 in a rotor 9 shows 8th , In the 8th arrangement shown leads to a flux concentration. For this purpose, the individual magnets 5 in the radial direction in an annular yoke 4 used. The N and S poles of the magnets 5 However, they are no longer facing the stator poles, but rather facing each other. It is chosen a reverse polarity arrangement, so that in each case the same poles in two adjacent magnets 5 face each other. This results in the resulting magnetic field being forced radially outward.

This causes the flow in the iron regions of the conclusion 4 concentrated, whereby the induction of the active surfaces is increased. As a result, the power density increases and the engine provides more torque.

1

Back in stator

2

winding

3

Tooth piece plate

4

conclusion

5

magnet

6

cooling pipe

7

long difference

8th

stator

9

rotor

10

Teeth on tooth plate

11

toothed segment on tooth plate

12

winding groove

13

phase module

14

transverse flux

Claims (11)

Phase module for a transverse flux machine ( 14 ) consisting of a stator ( 8th ), which has an annular back ( 1 ) for receiving an annular current-carrying winding ( 2 ) and with the back ( 1 ) final, the end faces of the stator ( 8th ) forming annular Zahnstückplatten ( 3 ), a rotor ( 9 ) coaxial with the stator ( 8th ), and the one annular conclusion ( 4 ) and attached magnets ( 5 ), each tooth plate ( 3 ) of the stator ( 8th ) circularly arranged, extending in the radial direction teeth ( 10 ) concentric with the magnets ( 5 ) of the rotor ( 9 ) are arranged, characterized in that the teeth ( 10 ) a Zahnstückplatte ( 3 ) are extended in the axial direction. Phase module according to claim 1, characterized in that a magnet ( 5 ) of the rotor ( 9 ) the same active area as an opposing tooth surface of a tooth ( 10 ) of the tooth plate ( 3 ) having. Phase module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Zahnstückplatte ( 3 ) at least in the area of the teeth ( 10 ) is made of a powder composite material. Phase module according to claim 3, characterized in that the tooth plate ( 3 ) of composite individual tooth segments ( 11 ) is made. Phase module according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on the annular conclusion ( 4 ) arranged magnets ( 5 ) of the rotor ( 9 ) are arranged such that alternately N and S poles on the circumference of the conclusion ( 4 ) lie. Phase module according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the magnets ( 5 ) of the rotor ( 9 ) radially into the annular conclusion ( 4 ) are inserted so that the poles of the magnets ( 5 ) facing each other, wherein the magnets ( 5 ) are arranged opposite pole. Phase module for a transverse flux machine ( 14 ), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 6, consisting of a stator ( 8th ), which has an annular back ( 1 ) for receiving an annular current-carrying winding ( 2 ) and with the back ( 1 ) final, the end faces of the stator ( 8th ) forming annular Zahnstückplatten ( 3 ), a rotor ( 9 ) coaxial with the stator ( 8th ), and the one annular conclusion ( 4 ) and attached magnets ( 5 ), each tooth plate ( 3 ) of the stator ( 8th ) circularly arranged, extending in the radial direction teeth ( 10 ) concentric with the magnets ( 5 ) of the rotor ( 9 ) are arranged, characterized in that for cooling the phase module at least one cooling tube ( 6 ) in one for the winding ( 2 ) winding groove ( 12 ) of the stator back ( 1 ) is arranged. Phase module according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the phase module ( 13 ) is designed as an internal rotor. Phase module according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the phase module ( 13 ) is designed as an external rotor. Transverse flux machine with several phase modules ( 13 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9. Transverse flux machine according to claim 10, characterized in that between two adjacent phase modules ( 13 ), which are provided with two annular tooth plate ( 3 ) adjoin one another, the plate width of the adjacent Zahnstückplatten ( 3 ) is reduced in the axial direction by one third of the original width.