DE10020738C1 - Footwear with a sealed gusset and process for making it - Google Patents

Abstract

Cement-lasted footwear having an upper (19), which is constructed with an outer material (21) and with a waterproof functional layer (23) arranged on the inner side of the outer material (21) and has a lasting allowance (27) on the sole side, and a sole construction which has an outsole (49) and an insole (11) with an insole underside (13) and an insole center, wherein two lasting-cement zones adjacent to one another in the direction of the center of the insole are provided, of which a first is formed with a reactive hot-melt adhesive (15) which brings about waterproofness when in the reacted state, and the second is formed with a quick-bonding fastening adhesive (35), and at least the first adhesive zone is is formed by a zone which is closed in the direction of the periphery of the insole and seals at least a part of the width of the lasting allowance (27).

Description

The invention relates to glued footwear with a shaft that with an upper and one on the inside of the Upper, arranged waterproof functional layer built is and has a crotch on the sole, with a Sole construction, which has an outsole and an insole, wherein the gusset wedge using gusset adhesive with the Insole underside is glued. Preferably one water vapor permeable functional layer used. Also concerns the invention suitable for such footwear components and a Method of making such a shoe.

There are shoes, the upper part of which is covered with a lining Functional layer is waterproof and water vapor permeable. On such an upper remains breathable despite being waterproof. There are special efforts are required to ensure permanent waterproofness in the area between the sole end of the shaft and the sole structure sure.

For shoes made with the well-known lasting gluing process the upper part of the shoe upper is on the Insole underside glued and glued to the underside of this A sole is applied to the unit. Weak point in this Procedures are the lasting spots between the insole and  Shoe upper. Especially in places where the shoe contour is one has a small radius of curvature, folds appear in the lasting fold of the twisted shaft material. A weak point is the Pince-nez adhesive in particular because it is either from not the entire transition area between the upper and insole seals, especially in the area of the pleats, or due to bending stresses when using shoes fragile and therefore can become permeable to water.

From DE 40 00 156 A1 it is known between the Insole circumference and the functional layer of the upper Arrange reactivable sealing adhesive, which is silicone or polyurethane can act. To prevent water, which over the upper material of the shaft and the gusset Underside of the insole has reached the inside of the shoe can, is the insole with a waterproof insole layer Mistake. There may be cases where the separate additional step gluing the insole circumference to the functional layer and the use of a waterproof insole is not desirable.

EP 0 286 853 A2 describes a method for sealing the Creases one with a waterproof, water vapor permeable Functional layer provided shoe upper, in which an inner edge area of the lasting fold during the lasting sticking is kept unglued and after the lasting process to the bottom of the gusset, an injection mold with the gusset high sealing lip is attached. The sealing lip follows in the essential the contour of the insole edge and is opposite the Outer peripheral contour of the outsole to be applied later  Insole center offset. In the formed inside the sealing lip A sealing material is injected into the space, which Pinch the unsealed area of the edge with the Functional layer surrounding shaft and thus seals. This Sealing process has proven itself well, but uses an injection mold and a spraying machine of the type mentioned above.

From EP 0 595 941 B1 it is known for a shoe with a Upper that has a waterproof layer and around an insole is tweaked around to seal the lasting fold in that the Edge of the shaft area to be pinched in before the pinching process waterproof material is embedded, which is polyurethane (PU) can act. This sealing method has also worked well, however, requires the additional step of embedding the Last insert edge.

With the invention, footwear is to be made available with as little mechanical effort and as little as possible Process steps can be made permanently watertight, as well suitable footwear components for such footwear and a Process for the manufacture of such footwear.

Footwear with which this object is achieved is in claim 1 specified. A suitable insole and a suitable one Upper parts of the shoe upper are specified in claims 11 and 14, respectively. method for the production of such footwear are in claims 17 and 25 specified. Advantageous further developments are in the dependent Claims specified.  

Footwear according to the invention comprises a shaft which with a Upper and with one on the inside of the upper arranged, waterproof functional layer is constructed and one has a gusset on the sole. It has a sole structure, which has an outsole and an insole. There are two in Neighboring towards the insole center Zwick adhesive zones provided, a first of which with an in fully reacted state leading to water resistance Reactive hot melt adhesive and the second with a quick stick Fastening adhesive is formed and at least the first adhesive zone formed by a closed zone in the circumferential direction of the insole is that seals at least part of the width of the lasting fold.

Such footwear can be produced using a method with the following manufacturing steps:
An insole is provided. A shaft with an upper material and with a waterproof functional layer arranged on the inside of the upper material is produced. The upper is pulled over a last and over the insole in such a way that a lasting gusset area of the upper extends down over the underside of the insole. On the underside of the insole, a first, closed gusset adhesive zone, which runs around the circumference of the insole in the vicinity of the insole edge, is applied from an unreacted reactive hotmelt adhesive which leads to watertightness in the fully reacted state. In addition, a second lasting adhesive zone, which is adjacent to the center of the first lasting adhesive zone and is made of a rapidly adhesive fastening adhesive, is applied to the underside of the insole. The lasting area is pinched onto the area of the underside of the insole provided with the two lasting adhesive zones.

This is a particularly simple method of sealing against Moisture for which only those process steps are required, the one for tweaked shoes without a waterproof sole structure are common, with the only exception that on the Insole underside not only conventional lasting adhesive but also reactive hot melt adhesive is also applied.

You could also use the Carry out reactive hot melt adhesive as the only lasting adhesive and with this both the fastening of the lasting fold to the Bottom of the insole as well as the sealing of the lasting fold cause. However, this required using the currently available Adhesives usually compromise. Particularly good for sealing Suitable current reactive hot melt adhesives usually have one relatively long curing time. One with only such reactive hot melt adhesive tweaked shoes would have to stay in the shoe for a long time Pinch gluing machine remain until sufficient adhesive strength is achieved is what the production throughput in an undesirable manner considerably reduced. This point of view applies particularly to Heavy shoes (mountain shoes, safety shoes) with thick leather, the has a high restoring force after pinching.

There are several embodiments of the method according to the invention.  

In a first embodiment, the reactive hot melt adhesive and the fastening adhesive after tensioning the shaft over one Last and over the insole by means of various Adhesive applicators applied to the insole at the same time. A conventional lasting glue machine only needs to do this to be provided or needs an additional adhesive applicator the single applicator of the conventional lasting glue machine for the Application of the conventional fastening adhesive only by a double applicator, by means of which the Have the reactive hot melt adhesive and the fixing adhesive applied, to be replaced.

In another embodiment of the method according to the invention become the reactive hot melt adhesive before and the fixing adhesive after tensioning the shaft over a last and over the Insole applied to the insole. The Reactive hot melt adhesive is applied to the insole before this is attached to a last. This has the particular advantage that a conventional lasting glue machine without any changes can be used because, as in the conventional case, only for Application of the conventional fastening adhesive needs to serve because the reactive hot melt adhesive is already on the insole located. In this case, the insole can already be used Manufactured with the reactive hot melt adhesive.  

A corresponding insole according to the invention is with one on the Bottom located, in the vicinity of the insole edge around the Insole circumference encircling closed adhesive zone from a not yet reacted reactive hot melt adhesive provided in fully reacted condition leads to water resistance.

In a further embodiment of a method according to the invention the reactive hot melt adhesive is not on the underside of the insole applied but on the inside of the lasting area of the Shank.

Such a process comprises the following manufacturing steps:
An insole is provided. A shaft with an upper material and with a waterproof functional layer arranged on the inside of the upper material is produced. The upper is pulled over a last and over the insole in such a way that a lasting gusset area of the upper extends down over the underside of the insole. On the inside of the lasting area of the shaft, a first closed lasting adhesive zone is applied, which runs in the direction of the circumference of the lasting area, from a not yet fully reacted reactive melt adhesive which leads to watertightness in the fully reacted state. On the underside of the insole, a second zone of lasting adhesive consisting of a fast-adhesive fastening adhesive is applied in such a way that, after the lasting impact has been lasting, it is adjacent to the center of the first sole of the lasting zone. Alternatively, a second lasting adhesive zone, which is adjacent to the leading edge of the first lasting adhesive zone and is made of a rapidly adhesive fastening adhesive, is applied to the inside of the lasting area. The gusset area provided with at least the reactive hot melt adhesive is pinched onto the underside of the insole.

In this embodiment, too, both adhesives can be used simultaneously or applied at different times. In the latter case the reactive hot melt adhesive is applied to the lasting area before the shaft is pulled over a last. this has again the advantage that a conventional lasting glue machine without any changes can be used, as in the conventional case only for applying the conventional Fixing adhesive needs to serve, because the Reactive hot melt adhesive already on the lasting area of the Shaft. In this case, the shaft can already be Manufactured with the reactive hot melt adhesive.

A corresponding shoe upper has a lasting area the inside with a in the direction of the circumference of the Zwickeinschlagbereich surrounding closed adhesive zone a not yet reacted hot melt adhesive, which in fully reacted to water tightness, is provided.

In one embodiment of the invention, reactive hot melt adhesive both on the underside of the insole and on the inside of the Lasting area applied, preferably such that both hot melt adhesive orders in the pinched condition of the shaft overlap at least partially.  

With the invention one comes to tweaked shoes that can be made waterproof without the conventional Pinch gluing process would have to be changed. In particular needs one neither in the production method according to the invention Injection mold still another machine for the introduction of Sealing material, an additional seal gluing between the insole rim and the functional layer, another Process step in which the free end of the lasting fold must be edged with a sealing material before the Pinching process can take place, as is the case with the introduction State of the art is required. Conventional pinch glue machines can continue to be used unchanged. This is a considerable one Advantage, because nowadays sticking machines common and complicated are correspondingly expensive. Because to carry out the invention The process does not need to replace conventional lasting glue machines still to be redesigned. You only need the insole and / or the shaft by applying reactive hot melt adhesive the pinching process for the inventive method prepare what can be done with relatively simple devices or also can easily be done manually.

The method according to the invention therefore leads to low Manufacturing cost of waterproof footwear, as with the known methods described in the introduction have not been achieved, what particularly affects heavy footwear.

In one embodiment of the invention, the upper of the footwear with one containing the upper material and the functional layer Laminated upper.  

In a further embodiment of the invention, the upper material and the functional layer or one containing the functional layer Functional layer laminate formed by separate layers of material with which an upper stock with an uppers lasting or Functional layer shaft with a functional layer lasting flap are formed. The uppers last direction can to the insole center an upper material overhang Have functional layer lasting and the second Zwickklezstoffzone towards the insole center on the Be arranged inside the first lasting adhesive zone and at least cover the width of the overhang.

A laminate can be used for both embodiments, the one Has leather layer and a functional layer and under the Product name TOP DRY by W. L. Gore & Associates in Putzbrunn, Germany. This forms laminate either the upper (leather) and functional layer Laminated upper or the functional layer and lining (leather) Functional layer laminate.

A shaft laminate is also suitable for footwear according to the invention, the upper layer of textile and a functional layer has and under the trademark Cambridge from the W. L. Gore & Associates in Putzbrunn, Germany.

By using two different types of adhesive for the Pinch glue, one of which is the waterproofing and the other of which Attachment serves, you can see the gusset glue under different Optimize aspects.  

The mounting adhesive can be quick from the standpoint of a effective, permanent and high-strength bonding optimally selected as it does not have to perform a sealing function. On an important economic aspect is the shortest possible Curing time, so that a short dwell time of the respective shoe in the Pinch gluing machine is reached.

Because the reactive hot melt adhesive for the adhesive strength of the lasting adhesive does not need to contribute, he can from a sealing point of view optimally selected to prevent with high reliability that water that over water-conducting upper material of the shaft to Last wedge has reached the one pointing away from the upper Reaches the inside of the functional layer and thus into the Shoe interior. This risk is particularly great if on the A lining material with high absorbency inside the functional layer located. In the case of the invention, the reactive hot melt adhesive seals the Pinch fold including the particularly critical pinch folds reliable after bending stress when walking with footwear and permanently waterproof.

Whether a shoe is waterproof can, for. B. with a centrifuge arrangement of the type described in US-5,329,807. One there described centrifuge arrangement has four pivotally held Holding baskets for holding shoes. It can be used simultaneously two or four shoes or boots can be tested. At this Centrifuge assemblies are used to find water leaks centrifugal forces are exploited by fast Centrifuging the footwear are generated. Before centrifugation water is poured into the interior of the footwear. On the  The outside of the footwear is absorbent material such as Blotting paper or a paper towel arranged. Practice the centrifugal forces exerts a pressure on the water filled in the footwear, which causes water to get to the absorbent material when that Footwear is leaking.

In such a water resistance test, water is first injected into the Filled in footwear. For footwear with an upper that does not has sufficient inherent rigidity, becomes stiff in the interior of the shaft Stabilization material arranged to collapse the shaft to prevent during centrifugation. In the respective holding basket there is blotting paper or a paper towel to which the testing footwear is set. The centrifuge is then used for a set time period in rotation. After that, the centrifuge stopped and the blotting paper or paper towel will come on examines whether it is damp. If it is damp, the tested footwear has failed the water resistance test. If it is dry, it has tested footwear passed the test and is considered waterproof classified.

The pressure that the water exerts when centrifuging depends on the effective shoe area depending on the shoe size (Inner surface of the sole), from the mass of those filled into the footwear Amount of water, the effective centrifuge radius and the Centrifuge speed from.

Manufacturing is particularly easy and economical Shoes according to the invention when using  Reactive hot melt adhesive that can be activated thermally and by means of Moisture, e.g. B. steam, can be brought to the curing reaction.

Foaming reactive hot melt adhesive can also be used if you want to use its increased volume, what it makes it particularly suitable to fill in cavities and in cracks or To penetrate niches, which often form in pleats, and thereby to bring about a particularly reliable watertightness. The Foaming can be achieved by the Reactive hot melt adhesive during application with a gas is swirled, which is, for example, a mixture of Nitrogen and air.

Reactive hot melt adhesives refer to adhesives that are in front of them Activation from relatively short molecular chains with a medium one Molecular weight in the range of about 3000 to about 5000 g / mol exist, are non-adhesive and, optionally after thermal Activate, be brought into a reaction state in which the link relatively short molecular chains to long molecular chains and harden, mainly in a humid atmosphere. By doing Reaction or curing period they are adhesive. After this cross-linking curing cannot be reactivated. At the Reaction leads to three-dimensional networking of Molecular chains. The three-dimensional networking leads to one particularly strong protection against the ingress of water into the Adhesive.

Suitable for the purpose of the invention are, for. B. polyurethane Reactive hot melt adhesives, resins, aromatic hydrocarbon resins,  aliphatic hydrocarbon resins and condensation resins, e.g. B. in Form of epoxy resin (EP).

Polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesives are particularly preferred called following PU reactive hot melt adhesives.

The curing reaction of PU Reactive hot melt adhesive is usually caused by moisture, for which air humidity is sufficient. There are blocked PU Reactive hot melt adhesives, the crosslinking reaction of which occurs only after Activation of the PU reactive hot melt adhesive using thermal Energy can begin so that such hot melt adhesive is open, i.e. H. in Environment with humidity, can be stored. On the other hand there it non-blocked PU reactive hot melt adhesives, in which one Crosslinking reaction takes place at room temperature when it turns in an environment with humidity. The latter hot melt adhesives one has to take place as long as the crosslinking reaction has not yet taken place should be protected from humidity.

Both types of PU reactive hot melt adhesives are not usually reacted in the form of rigid blocks. Before the The hot melt adhesive is applied to the areas to be bonded warmed to melt it and thus spreadable or applicable close. In the case of using unblocked Hot melt adhesive must exclude such heating Humidity. When using blocked Hot melt adhesive is not necessary, but care should be taken that the heating temperature below the unblocking Activation temperature remains.  

In one embodiment of the invention, PU Reactive hot melt adhesive is used, the one with blocked or blocked Isocyanate is built up. To overcome isocyanate blocking and thus to activate the built up with the blocked isocyanate Reactive hot melt adhesive must be thermally activated become. Activation temperatures for such PU Reactive hot melt adhesives are in the range from 70 ° C to 180 ° C.

In another embodiment of the invention, it is not blocked PU reactive hot melt adhesive used. The crosslinking reaction can can be accelerated by the supply of heat.

In a practical embodiment of the method according to the invention, a PU reactive hot-melt adhesive is used, as is available under the name IPATHERM S 14/242 from HP Fuller in Wells, Austria. In another embodiment of the invention, a PU reactive hot-melt adhesive is used, as is available under the name Macroplast QR 6202 from Henkel AG, Dusseldorf, Germany.

In one embodiment of the invention, reactive hot melt adhesive used, which is the already mentioned PU Reactive hot melt adhesive can act, the carbon particles, metal particles with electrical conductivity or particles of other materials are added, which have such an electrical conductivity that they can be selectively heated using microwave energy, or the such an absorption capacity for different types of radiation, for example infrared radiation, that they use such radiation are selectively heatable. As a result of the energy absorption warm up  the particles admixed to the reactive hot melt adhesive and effect a heating of the reactive hot melt adhesive "from the inside out". there the particles act as if they were embedded in the reactive hot melt adhesive "Heating elements". By suitable selection of the heating energy can be achieved that different materials of the shoe construction than that Do not heat reactive hot melt adhesive, or heat it up only relatively little. The Particles have e.g. B. fiber form. The coal particles are the Reactive hot melt adhesive with a weight fraction in the range of approximately 0.1 ‰ to about 5 ‰, preferably in the range of about 0.1 ‰ to about 3 ‰ and particularly preferably with a weight fraction of 2 ‰ added. The same applies to metal particles Addition amounts. With this reactive hot melt adhesive Embodiment using such an adhesive mixture before the lasting process on the insole or the inside of the Gusset area applied. The lasting glue then takes place entirely conventional way with conventional lasting glue and with a completely conventional lasting glue machine. The tweaked footwear is then an activation heating subjected, for example by means of microwave energy, ultrasound or Infrared heating. This warming is measured such that a Heating the carbon particles, metal particles or energy absorbing Particle of another kind takes place, through which the Reactive hot melt adhesive is activated and liquefied. At a Infrared heating can be achieved, for example, through targeted use certain wavelengths that exclude more than just the reactive hot melt adhesive is heated. By warming the Reactive hot melt adhesive by means of the stored energy absorbing Particles thus protect the other footwear components reached before overheating. Through these embedded particles leaves  there is also a reduction in the required exposure time for the Achieve heating of the reactive hot melt adhesive.

Conventional gusset adhesives are suitable as fastening adhesives, for example in the form of solvent glue or hot glue, both based on polyurethane, for example. Neoprene Adhesives. Solvent adhesive is an adhesive that is added has been made adhesive by vaporizable solvent and cures due to evaporation of the solvent. Hot glue is an adhesive, also called thermoplastic adhesive, which is brought into an adhesive state by heating and hardens by cooling. Such adhesive can be heated again be brought repeatedly into the adhesive state. For thermoplastic adhesives are suitable, for example, polyesters, Polyamides and thermoplastic polyurethanes.

A functional layer that not only is impermeable to water but also permeable to water vapor. This enables the production of waterproof shoes that despite Waterproofness remain breathable.

A functional layer is regarded as "watertight", possibly including seams provided on the functional layer if it has a water inlet pressure of at least 1.13. 10 ⁴ Pa guaranteed. The functional layer material preferably ensures a water inlet pressure of over 10 ⁵ Pa. The water inlet pressure is to be measured according to a test method in which distilled water is applied at 20 ± 2 ° C to a sample of 100 cm ^{2 of} the functional layer with increasing pressure. The pressure rise of the water is 60 ± 1 cm Ws per minute. The water inlet pressure then corresponds to the pressure at which water first appears on the other side of the sample. Details of the procedure are given in the ISO standard 0811 from 1981.

A "functional layer" is seen as "permeable to water vapor" if it has a water vapor permeability number Ret of less than 150 m ² .Pa.W ^-1 . The water vapor permeability is tested according to the Hohenstein skin model. This test method is described in DIN EN 31092 (02/94) or ISO 11092 (19/33).

Suitable materials for the waterproof, water vapor permeable Functional layers are in particular polyurethane, polypropylene and Polyesters, including polyether esters and their laminates, as described in U.S. 4,725,418 and U.S. 4,493,870 are. However, stretched microporous polytetra is particularly preferred fluoroethylene (ePTFE), such as is used in the US 3,953,566 and US-A-4,187,390, and stretched Polytetrafluoroethylene, which with hydrophilic impregnating agents and / or is provided with hydrophilic layers; see for example the US 4,194,041. Under a microporous Functional layer is understood to be a functional layer whose average pore size between about 0.2 microns and about 0.3 microns lies.

The pore size can be measured with the Coulter Porometer (brand name) measured by Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeath, Florida, USA.  

The Coulter Porometer is a measuring device that performs an automatic measurement of the pore size distributions in porous media, the (in ASTM standard E 1298-89 described) Liquid displacement method is used.

The Coulter Porometer determines the pore size distribution of a sample by increasing air pressure directed at the sample and by Measure the resulting flow. This pore size distribution is a Measure of the degree of uniformity of the pores of the sample (i.e. a narrow pore size distribution means that there is little difference between the smallest pore size and the largest pore size). It is determined by dividing the maximum pore size by the minimal pore size.

The Coulter Porometer also calculates the pore size for the middle one Flow. By definition, half of the flow takes place through the porous sample held by pores whose pore size is above or is below this pore size for medium flow.

If ePTFE is used as the functional layer, the Reactive hot melt adhesive into the pores during the adhesive process Functional layer penetrate, leading to mechanical anchoring of the reactive hot melt adhesive leads in this functional layer. From ePTFE existing functional layer can be on the side with which it in contact with the reactive hot melt adhesive during the gluing process comes with a thin layer of polyurethane. at Use of PU reactive hot melt adhesive in connection with a such a functional layer does not only lead to mechanical Compound but also in addition to a chemical compound  between the PU reactive hot melt adhesive and the PU layer on the Functional layer. This leads to a particularly intimate bond between the functional layer and the reactive hot melt adhesive, so that a particularly permanent waterproofness is guaranteed.

Leather or textile fabrics, for example, are used as the upper material suitable. In the case of textile fabrics, for example are woven, knitted, crocheted, non-woven or felt. These textile Fabric can be made from natural fibers, such as cotton or viscose, from synthetic fibers, for example from polyester, polyami den, polypropylenes or polyolefins, or from mixtures of at least two such materials are made.

There is usually a on the inside of the functional layer Lining material arranged. As lining material that with the Functional layer often combined to form a functional layer laminate the same materials are suitable as they were previously for the Upper material are specified. Such a functional layer laminate used, it is used in the sealed part of the Functional layer lasting impact is removed or this area is removed from left free from the textile layer in advance.

The upper of the footwear can also be built up with a laminate which is the upper material, the functional layer and the lining having.

The outsole of footwear according to the invention can be made of waterproof Material such as B. rubber or plastic, for example polyurethane, consist of or of non-waterproof, but breathable material  such as in particular leather or with rubber or plastic inlays provided leather. In the case of non-waterproof outsole material the outsole are thereby made waterproof Maintaining breathability so that at least in places, where the sole structure is not already through other measures has been made waterproof with a waterproof, water vapor permeable functional layer is provided.

The insole of footwear according to the invention can be made of viscose, e.g. B. a viscose, fleece available under the trade name Texon, z. B. polyester fleece, the melt fibers can be added, leather or glued leather fibers. Insoles from such Materials are permeable to water. An insole made of such or Additional material can be made watertight in that one of their surfaces or a layer of them inside waterproof material is arranged. For this purpose, e.g. B. a film with cap material V25 from Rhenoflex in Ludwigshafen, Germany to be ironed on. Not just the insole it will be waterproof but also water vapor permeable a waterproof, water vapor permeable functional layer provided, preferably with ePTFE (expanded, microporous Polytetrafluorethylene) is built up. So equipped Leather insole is under the trade name TOP DRY from W.L. Gore & Associates GmbH, Putzbrunn, Germany.

The invention will now be explained in more detail by means of embodiments. The drawings show partly in highly schematic Cross-sectional views, partly in partially cut perspective views Different manufacturing phases of footwear according to the invention:  

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an insole with reactive hot melt adhesive for a first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a shaft and the insole according to FIG. 1 after the shaft has been stretched over a last and the insole; while applying fastening adhesive;

Fig. 3A in cross-sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 2 after application of the fastening adhesive.

Fig. 3B is a perspective view of the structure shown in FIG. 3A;

Fig. 4 in cross-sectional view of a structure of a second embodiment of the invention, after a shaft has been clamped over a last and an insole and a lasting allowance region of the shank reactive hot-melt adhesive has been applied;

FIG. 5 shows the structure shown in FIG. 4 during the application of fastening adhesive;

Fig. 6 shows the structure shown in Figure 5 after the application of attachment adhesive.

Fig. 7 in cross-sectional view of a structure of a third embodiment of the invention, after a shaft has been clamped over a last and an insole and reactive hot-melt adhesive has been applied both to a lasting-allowance region of the upper and to the insole;

FIG. 8 shows the structure shown in FIG. 7 after the application of fastening adhesive;

Fig. 9 in cross-sectional view of a structure of a fourth embodiment of the invention, having a shaft over a last and an insole has been tensioned, during the simultaneous depositing of a reactive hot melt and attach adhesive;

FIG. 10A in cross sectional view of the structure shown in FIG 3A, 6, 8 or 10 according to the Zwick bonding process.

10B is the configuration in Figure 10A shown in a perspective view..;

Fig. 10C is a perspective view of the structure shown in Fig. 10B after attaching an outsole;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cut-away view with fully reacted reactive hot-melt adhesive;

Fig. 12 in cross-sectional view of a structure of a fifth embodiment of the invention, having a shaft over a last and provided with reactive hot-melt adhesive insole has been tensioned, during the application of attachment adhesive;

FIG. 13A in cross sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 12 after application of attachment adhesive.

FIG. 13B is the structure shown in Figure 13A in a perspective view.

14 shows in cross-sectional view of a structure of a sixth embodiment of the invention, after a shaft clamped over a last and an insole and reactive hot-melt adhesive has been applied to a lasting-allowance region of the shank.

Figure 15 is the structure shown in Figure 14 during the application of attachment adhesive..;

Fig. 16 in Fig structure after application of attachment adhesive 15 as shown.

In cross-sectional view of a structure of a seventh embodiment of the invention, after a shaft has been clamped over a last and an insole and has been on the one hand also applied to both the insole as a lasting allowance region of the shank reactive hot-melt adhesive, and on the other hand fastening adhesive onto the insole Fig. 17;

18 shows in cross-sectional view of a structure of an eighth embodiment of the invention, having a shaft over a last and an insole has been stretched and while at the same reactive hot-melt adhesive and the fastening adhesive are applied to the insole. and

Fig. 19 in cross-section the structure according to Fig. 13A, 16, 17 or 18 after the lasting gluing process.

Embodiments of the invention are described below, whereby individual manufacturing phases for the different Embodiments are shown. The individual embodiments differ from each other by different methods of applying Reactive hot melt adhesive and / or by different Stock materials and / or stock assemblies.

Figs. 2 to 10C show a first group of embodiments in which the outer material, the functional layer and the lining are each formed by separate material layers or in which the outer material on the one hand and the functional layer and the lining containing the functional layer laminate on the other hand by - separate material layers formed are.

Figs. 12 to 19 show a second group of embodiments, in which the shaft constructed with an outer material and the functional layer containing the laminate, and with a separate lining thereof. Such a laminate having the upper material and the functional layer is available under the trade name "Cambridge" from WL Gore & Associates GmbH, Putzbrunn, Germany.

The embodiments of the invention of each of the two groups differ in the place of application from Reactive hot melt adhesive and / or by the chronological order of the Application of reactive hot melt adhesive and fastening adhesive.

In all embodiments and figures are the same Components or elements used the same reference numerals.

In connection with the first embodiment of the invention belonging to the first group, FIG. 1 shows an insole 11 , to the underside 13 of which reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 has been applied, which in the vicinity of the insole peripheral edge 17 forms a closed zone in the insole circumferential direction.

FIG. 2 shows the insole 11 according to FIG. 1 and a shaft 19 in the state drawn over a last and the insole 11, the last not being shown in this figure. Shown is a first embodiment of a shaft 19 , as is used in the first group of embodiments and in which the shaft 19 has an upper material shaft 21 , a functional layer shaft 23 arranged on the inside thereof and a chuck shaft 25 arranged on the inside thereof. The shaft 19 can be formed with separate layers of material. The functional layer of the functional layer shaft 23 can also be part of a functional layer laminate. The functional layer or the functional layer laminate can be connected to the lining material of the lining shaft 25 to form a laminate. An upper material lasting area 29 has a protrusion 30 compared to a functional layer lasting area 31 .

The shaft 19 has a lasting area 27 which extends over the underside 13 of the insole, the upper material shaft 21 having an upper material lasting area 29 and the functional layer shaft 23 having a functional layer lasting area 31 . The chuck shaft 25 terminates at the bottom of the insole 13, so that a sealing adhesive bonding of the functional layer lasting allowance range is not impaired 31 with the bottom of the insole 13 by means of the reactive hotmelt adhesive 15th

Fig. 2 shows a production phase, in which to the insole underside 13 of the drawn over a last assembly with the insole 11 and shaft 19 by means of Zwickklebstoffapplikatoren 33 fastening adhesive 35 applied to the bottom of the insole 13, namely in the direction of the insole towards the center seen on the inside of the reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 and adjacent to it. The fastening adhesive 35 is a lasting adhesive of a conventional type and the lasting adhesive applicators 33 are part of a conventional lasting adhesive machine.

If no separate feed shaft 25 is provided in the construction shown in FIG. 2, but a functional layer and a lining layer are connected to form a functional layer laminate and the lining layer of the functional layer laminate is not or not sufficiently permeable to the reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 which is liquid in the reaction-activated state, the lining layer of the functional layer laminate is in the region of the functional layer lasting area 31 has been omitted or removed, the latter being referred to in the art as "sharpening".

Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B show the structure of FIG. 2 in cross sectional view and in perspective view after the application of the fastening adhesive 35, which is a phase of operation (not shown) Zwickklebmaschine, wherein the Zwickklebstoffapplikatoren 33 again from the bottom of the insole 13 of a Last 45 pulled shoe construction have been removed.

Since the reactive hot-melt adhesive has been applied to the bottom of the insole 13 15 before the shaft has been pulled over the last 45 19, (the Zwickklebstoffapplikatoren than 33 not shown) needs with the Zwickklebmaschine to be nothing more effected than in a conventional Zwick bonding process, as for example for non-waterproof shoes. Therefore, in the case according to the invention, a conventional lasting gluing machine can be used for the lasting gluing, as is available, for example, under the type designation LT 102 from the company BUSM in Leicester, Great Britain.

Any suitable method can be used to apply the reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 to the underside 13 of the insole. For example, the reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 may by means of a machine-actuated or manually-operated applicator on the bottom of the insole 13 applied. The reactive hot melt adhesive can also be prefabricated as a caterpillar or strip-like structure and applied to the underside 13 of the insole and fastened there. Alternatively, the reactive hot melt adhesive is sprayed on or spread on.

A second embodiment of the invention belonging to the first group is shown in FIGS. 4-6. In this embodiment, in a departure from the first embodiment, the reactive hot-melt adhesive is not applied to the bottom of the insole but to the inside of the lasting area of the shaft before the lasting sticking process. Individual phases of this embodiment are only represented by schematic, two-dimensional cross-sectional views. Three-dimensional views would be very similar to the view shown in FIG. 3B and would only differ from FIG. 3B in that the reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 is not on the insole bottom 13 but on the inside of the lasting area 27 .

In FIGS. 4-6, a shaft embodiment of shown in Figs. 2-3B is illustrated and shown in connection with these figures, the type described. As far as there are correspondences with these preceding figures, the same reference numerals are used and reference is hereby made to the preceding explanations.

FIG. 4 shows a structure pulled over a last with an insole 11 and a shaft 19 with a lasting area 27 . The shaft 19 comprises an upper material shaft 21 , a functional layer shaft 23 , which can be constructed with a functional layer laminate, and a lining shaft 25 , which can be combined with the functional layer or the functional layer laminate to form a common laminate. The upper material lasting area 29 has a protrusion 30 with respect to the functional layer lasting area 31 . On the functional layer lasting area 31 there is reactive hot melt adhesive 15 , which was applied before the shaft 19 was tensioned via a last 45 and the insole 11 and can be brought into a reactive state by activation.

Fig. 5 shows a production phase this embodiment of the invention, in which by means of Zwickklebstoffapplikatoren 33 serving as lasting adhesive fastening adhesive 35 applied to the bottom of the insole 13, namely in a zone which, viewed according to the lasting operation, towards the insole center, adjacent to inside and the is formed with the reactive adhesive 15 adhesive zone. In this embodiment, too, the applicators 33 are part of a lasting glue machine (not shown) which effects the lasting operation immediately after the attachment adhesive 35 has been applied .

FIGS. 6 shows a manufacturing stage of this embodiment, wherein the Zwickklebstoffapplikatoren 33 retracted so that the lasting allowance can be pulled 27 by means (not shown) lasting pincers towards the insole center and pressed against the bottom of the insole 13, thus causing the in Figs. 10A and 10B shown (explained in more detail below) glue between the lasting fold 27 and the insole bottom 13 comes. After reaching the manufacturing stage shown in FIG. 10A, the reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 is activated in order to trigger its reaction, which makes it adhesive and leads to curing. Then, in the manner explained in connection with FIGS . 10A and 10B, the water resistance of this shoe construction is produced.

A third embodiment of the invention, which also belongs to the first group of embodiments, is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 before or after the application of fastening adhesive 35 . This embodiment has a shaft construction like the first two embodiments, so that the shaft construction need not be described again here, and represents a modification of the first and the second embodiment insofar as reactive hot melt adhesive 15 a and 15 b on the before the lasting process Insole underside 13 or is applied to the lasting area 27 . This may be done for at least one of the two reactive hot-melt adhesive applications, before or after the shaft 19 has been above the (in FIGS. 7 and 8 are not shown), strips 45 and the insole drawn. 11 The hotmelt adhesive applications are preferably positioned such that they essentially overlap completely in the twisted state of the shaft 19 . In the case of modifications, there is only a partial overlap or no overlap of the two hot melt adhesive orders 15 a and 15 b.

Fig. 9 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a manufacturing phase of a fourth embodiment of the invention, which also belongs to the first group, in which both the fastening adhesive 35 serving as the lasting adhesive and the reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 are applied to the underside 13 of the insole only immediately before the lasting operation, by means of lasting adhesive applicators 33 or reactive hot-melt adhesive applicators 47 .

In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 9, conventional lasting glue machines cannot be used without further ado but require a modification, namely the addition of the reactive hot melt adhesive applicators 47 . In the event that the method according to the invention is to be carried out with a conventional lasting gluing machine without any changes, the other embodiments of the invention can be used.

A manufacturing stage, as is achieved with the described four embodiments of the first group after the lasting process, is shown in FIG. 10A in a schematic cross-sectional view and in FIG. 10B in a partially cut perspective view.

For the purpose of tweaking the 19 through the strips 45 and the insole 11 Zwick gluing machine (not shown) in the depending end in FIGS. Manner shown 2-9 on the bottom of the insole 13 lasting margin region 27 (not shown) by means of lasting pincers one after the clamping of the shank gripped, pulled towards the insole center and pressed against the insole bottom 13 . The use of conventional lasting adhesive as fastening adhesive 35 results in a quick, secure adhesive connection between the lasting area 27 and the underside 13 of the insole.

Water or other liquid which creeps along the normally liquid-conducting upper material to the lasting wedge 27 and reaches the inside of the functional layer is prevented by the fully reacted reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 from penetrating into the interior of the shoe, in particular to the lining shaft 25 or the lining layer are usually highly absorbent.

A particularly high degree of watertightness of the sole structure is achieved if an insole 11 is used which is made of waterproof material or has been made watertight, for example by means of an insole functional layer (not shown).

After completion of the lasting process, only one outsole 49 needs to be applied to the shoe structure reached so far, as shown in the partially cut, schematic perspective illustration in FIG. 10C. The shoe structure achieved after the lasting process can be provided with an outsole 49 which is molded or glued to the sole end of the shaft and the underside 13 of the insole. The example of a glued-on outsole 49 is shown in FIG. 10C. An outsole adhesive 51 is used for gluing to the lasting fold 27 and to the insole bottom 13 . The region of the insole underside 13 not covered by the lasting fold 27 can either be filled with outsole adhesive 51 or with a filler (not shown).

Fig. 11 shows in a schematic, highly enlarged two-dimensional representation of a section of a cement-lasted construction with fully reacted by three-dimensional crosslinking of molecular chains reactive hot-melt adhesive 15. The three-dimensionality of the crosslinking arises from the fact that the molecular chains of the reactive hot-melt adhesive crosslink in the third dimension that is not visible in FIG. 11 (perpendicular to the surface of the drawing) in the manner shown for two dimensions. This leads to a particularly strong protection against the penetration of water into the adhesive.

The second group of embodiments includes fifth to eighth embodiments, which will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 12-19 and which differ from the first four embodiments essentially by a different shaft construction. While in the four embodiments of the first group, the shaft 19 has an upper material shaft 21 , a functional layer shaft 23 and a lining shaft 25 , which are formed by separate material layers, or in which the upper material on the one hand and a functional layer laminate comprising the functional layer and the lining on the other hand by separate material layers The shaft 19 of the four embodiments of the second group shown in FIGS. 12-19 is constructed with a laminate 22 , which has an upper material and a functional layer, and with a lining layer 25 arranged on the inside of this laminate 22 , which either is a separate material layer or part of the laminate 22 . It can be seen in FIGS. 12-19 that the lining layer 25 ends in the region of the underside 13 of the insole so that the functional layer can come into intimate adhesive contact with the reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 without being impeded by the lining layer 25 .

With regard to the locations of the application of reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 and fastening adhesive 35 and with regard to the chronological sequence of the application of these adhesives, the tensioning of the shaft over the lasts and the insole and the lasting process, the fifth embodiment shown in FIGS . 12-13B is correct with the one in FIGS 2-3B shown first embodiment, the sixth embodiment shown in FIGS. 14-16 with the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 4-6, the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 17 with that in FIGS. 7 and 8 The third embodiment shown and the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 18 coincide with the fourth embodiment shown in FIG . In this respect, the preceding explanations of the respective corresponding embodiments can be used and referred to, and there is no need for a further detailed description.

A structure as it is achieved with the four embodiments of the second group after the lasting process is shown in FIG. 19. Here, the pointing towards the bottom of the insole 13 inside of the lasting allowance 27 of the outer material and functional layer comprising laminate 22, and thus the functional layer is free from material of the lining layer 25 and thus can be sealed against the penetration of water or other liquids by means of the reactive hotmelt adhesive 15th The bonding of this inside of the lasting fold 27 to the insole underside 13 by means of the fixing adhesive 35 ensures a firm and quick-adhesive connection of the lasting fold 27 to the insole 11 .

The penetration of water or liquid to the interior of the shoe is also prevented here in the manner already explained in connection with FIGS . 10A and 10B.

A perspective view of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 19 would be very similar to the perspective view in FIG. 10B and would only differ from FIG. 10B with regard to the shaft construction in the manner shown in FIG. 13B.

With regard to the state of manufacture after attaching an outsole to the shoe construction of FIG. 19, reference is made to the perspective illustration in FIG. 10C, deviations with regard to the upper construction according to FIG. 13B again having to be taken into account.

In all embodiments of the invention, the reactive hot-melt adhesive 15 is applied in such an amount and in such proportions that a self insole circumferential direction reactive hot-melt adhesive zone is formed after complete reaction of the reactive hot-melt adhesive 15, which seals at least a part of the width of the functional layer lasting allowance 31st

Claims (34)

1. Footwear stuck together, comprising:
a shaft ( 19 ) which is constructed with an upper material ( 21 ) and with a waterproof functional layer ( 23 ) arranged on the inside of the upper material ( 21 ) and has a gusset flap ( 27 ) on the sole side;
and a sole structure having an outsole ( 49 ) and an insole ( 11 ) with an insole bottom ( 13 ) and an insole center; in which
two adjacent adhesive zones in the direction of the insole center are provided, of which a first is formed with a reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) which leads to watertightness in the fully reacted state and the second is formed with a fast-adhesive fastening adhesive ( 35 ) and at least the first adhesive zone is closed by a circumferential direction in the insole Zone is formed, which seals at least part of the width of the lasting fold ( 27 ). 2. Footwear according to claim 1, wherein the shaft ( 19 ) is constructed with a shaft laminate ( 22 ) containing the upper material and the functional layer. 3. Footwear according to claim 1, in which the upper material and the functional layer are formed by separate material layers, with which an upper material shaft ( 21 ) with an upper material lasting insert ( 29 ) or a functional layer shaft ( 23 ) with a functional layer lasting insert ( 31 ) are formed. 4. Footwear according to claim 3, wherein the upper material lasting insert ( 29 ) in the direction of the insole center has an upper material protrusion ( 30 ) over the functional layer lasting insert ( 31 ) and the second lasting adhesive zone is arranged towards the insole center on the inside of the first lasting adhesive zone and at least the width of the upper material protrusion ( 30 ). 5. Footwear according to one of claims 1 to 4, the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) is formed by PU reactive hot melt adhesive. 6. Footwear according to one of claims 1 to 5, the Reactive hot melt adhesive contains particles that consist of a carbon particle and particle group containing metal particles are selected. 7. Footwear according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the functional layer ( 23 ) is permeable to water vapor. 8. Footwear according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which the functional layer ( 23 ) is provided on its inside with a textile layer ( 25 ) which is not present in the sealed part of the functional layer lasting ( 31 ). 9. Footwear according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which the insole ( 11 ) is waterproof. 10. Footwear according to claim 9, wherein the insole ( 11 ) is water vapor permeable. 11. Insole ( 11 ) for pin-glued footwear, with a closed adhesive zone on its underside ( 13 ), in the vicinity of the insole circumference edge ( 17 ) surrounding the insole circumference, made of an as yet unreacted reactive hot-melt adhesive ( 15 ), which leads to water resistance in the fully reacted state , 12. Insole according to claim 11, whose reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) is formed by PU reactive hot melt adhesive. 13. Insole according to claim 11 or 12, whose reactive hot-melt adhesive ( 15 ) contains particles which are selected from a particle group containing carbon particles and metal particles. 14. Shoe upper ( 19 ) for glued-on footwear, with a lasting area ( 27 ), the inside of which with a circumferential direction of the circumference of the lasting area ( 27 ) closed adhesive zone made of a reactive melt adhesive ( 15 ) which has not yet fully reacted and which leads to water resistance in the fully reacted state , is provided. 15. Shoe upper according to claim 14, whose reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) is formed by reactive hot melt adhesive. 16. Shoe upper according to claim 14 or 15, the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) of which contains particles selected from a group of particles containing carbon particles and metal particles. 17. A method of making glued-on footwear comprising the steps of:
an insole ( 11 ) is provided;
a shaft ( 19 ) with an upper material ( 21 ) and with a waterproof functional layer ( 23 ) arranged on the inside of the upper material is produced;
the shaft ( 19 ) is pulled over a last ( 45 ) and over the insole ( 11 ) in such a way that a gusset area ( 27 ) of the shaft ( 19 ) on the sole side extends down over the underside ( 13 ) of the insole;
on the insole underside ( 13 ), a first, closed gusset adhesive zone surrounding the insole circumference ( 17 ) around the insole circumference is applied from a not yet reacted reactive melt adhesive ( 15 ) which leads to water resistance in the fully reacted state;
on the underside of the insole ( 13 ), a second zone of lasting adhesive, which is adjacent to the center of the first lasting adhesive zone and is made of a fast-adhering fastening adhesive ( 35 ), is applied;
the lasting area ( 27 ) is pinched onto the area of the underside ( 13 ) of the insole provided with the two lasting adhesive zones. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) and the fastening adhesive ( 35 ) are applied to the insole ( 11 ) by means of various adhesive applicators ( 47 , 33 ) after the shaft ( 19 ) has a last ( 45 ) and the insole ( 11 ) has been pulled. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) and the fastening adhesive ( 35 ) are applied simultaneously to the insole ( 11 ). 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) before and the fastening adhesive ( 35 ) after tensioning the shaft ( 19 ) via a last ( 45 ) and over the insole ( 11 ) are applied to the insole ( 11 ) , 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) is applied to the insole ( 11 ) before it is attached to a last ( 45 ). 22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the shaft ( 19 ) is produced with a shaft laminate ( 22 ) containing the upper material and the functional layer. 23. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the shaft ( 19 ) is produced with an upper material ( 21 ) and with a functional layer ( 23 ), which form separate layers of material and an upper material lasting insert ( 29 ) or a functional layer lasting insert ( 31 ) exhibit. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the upper material lasting insert ( 29 ) is provided with an upper material protrusion ( 30 ) over the functional layer lasting insert ( 31 ) and the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) is applied in the vicinity of the edge of the insole circumference ( 17 ) on the underside ( 13 ) of the insole. 25. A method of making glued-on footwear comprising the steps of:
an insole ( 11 ) is provided;
a shaft ( 19 ) with an upper material ( 21 ) and with a waterproof functional layer ( 23 ) arranged on the inside of the upper material ( 21 ) is produced;
the shaft ( 19 ) is pulled over a last ( 45 ) and over the insole ( 11 ) in such a way that a gusset area ( 27 ) of the shaft ( 19 ) on the sole side extends down over the underside ( 13 ) of the insole;
on the inside of the lasting area ( 27 ) of the shaft ( 19 ) is applied a first, closed, continuous zone of lasting adhesive in the direction of the periphery of the lasting area ( 27 ) from a not yet fully reacted reactive melt adhesive ( 15 ) which leads to watertightness in the fully reacted state;
on the underside of the insole ( 13 ), a second zone of lasting adhesive consisting of a fast-adhesive fastening adhesive ( 35 ) is applied in such a way that, after the lasting impact ( 27 ) has been lasting, it is adjacent to the center of the insole of the first zone of lasting adhesive;
the lasting area ( 27 ) provided with the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) is pinched onto the underside ( 13 ) of the insole. 26. The method according to claim 25, in which reactive hot-melt adhesive ( 15 ) is additionally applied to the underside of the insole ( 13 ). 27. The method according to claim 25 or 26, in which fastening adhesive ( 35 ) is additionally applied to the lasting area ( 27 ). 28. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) and the fastening adhesive ( 35 ) after tensioning the shaft ( 19 ) over a last ( 45 ) and the insole ( 11 ) by means of different adhesive applicators ( 47 , 33 ) are applied. 29. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 28, in which the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) and the fastening adhesive ( 35 ) are applied simultaneously. 30. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) before and the fastening adhesive ( 35 ) after tensioning the shaft ( 19 ) via a last ( 45 ) and the insole ( 11 ) are applied. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the reactive hot melt adhesive ( 15 ) is applied to the inside of the lasting area ( 27 ) via a last ( 45 ) and the insole ( 11 ) before the shaft ( 19 ) is tensioned. 32. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 31, wherein the shaft ( 19 ) is produced with a shaft laminate ( 22 ) containing the upper material and the functional layer. 33. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 31, wherein the shaft ( 19 ) is produced with an upper material ( 21 ) and with a functional layer ( 23 ), which form separate layers of material and an upper material lasting insert ( 29 ) or a functional layer lasting insert ( 31 ) exhibit. 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the upper material lasting insert ( 29 ) is provided with an upper material protrusion ( 30 ) over the functional layer lasting insert ( 31 ) and the reactive hot-melt adhesive ( 15 ) is applied in the vicinity of the edge of the insole circumference ( 17 ) on the underside ( 13 ) of the insole.