CN87104543A - 沉积二氧化硅和飞灰构成的绝热材料 - Google Patents
沉积二氧化硅和飞灰构成的绝热材料 Download PDFInfo
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
把沉积二氧化硅同飞灰材料相混合,用来作为具有低导热率的绝热材料。沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料的混合体被干燥、压缩、放入真空袋并抽真空。所得板状绝热结构被直接用作绝热物。通过将制成的板状材料放入内壁和外套之间的绝热空间并用泡沫绝热材料密封,可用其作家用冰箱和冷藏箱中的绝热材料。
Description
绝热材料的设计和发展是广泛的技术。已发展了许多用不同的纤维和粉末产品作为主要绝热材料的系统。还有许多利用这些材料的方法,包括利用真空壳体和箱,压缩绝热材料,和改变绝热材料的取向。
两种应用最广泛的绝热材料是玻璃纤维和聚氨酯泡沫。普遍认为玻璃纤维的绝热质量比聚氨酯泡沫差。但是玻璃纤维的优点之一是可在相当高温度(如高于150°F)的环境下用作绝热材料。另一方面,具有比玻璃纤维更好的绝热特性的聚氨酯泡沫在承受高于150°F的温度时作为绝热材料会受到不利的影响。因此,这些材料各有其优点和缺点。
在我们转让给与本发明同一受让人的待批申请的申请号第699,930号,1985年2月8日递交(9D-MA-16351),题为“沉积的二氧化硅绝热体”的申请中,我们已描述了将沉积二氧化硅用作绝缘体以用相当低的成本实现好的绝热特性。根据该申请,沉积的二氧化硅在足以驱除表面水分的温度下干燥,然后压缩,置于真空的气密和水密外壳中,最后密封气密和水密袋。
尽管刚刚描述的用沉淀的二氧化硅构成的绝热体是完全合乎要求的,但我们仍非常希望能以更低的成本获得同样的特性。通过本发明提供了满足这种所希望的结果的材料,同时具有比玻璃纤维有更好的绝热性质和耐受高得能对聚氨酯泡沫产生有害影响的温度。
根据本发明,我们发现通过将如在我们以前的申请中描述的沉积二氧化硅和飞灰或飞灰状材料结合起来,可以更显著地低的成本构成具有与由沉淀的二氧化硅单独构成的材料相同的绝热特性的绝热材料。如在说明书和权利要求书中所用的那样,烟灰和烟灰状材料将总括和分别地被称为“飞灰”或“飞灰材料”。鉴于这些飞灰材料基本上是废弃物并经常不知如何利用,所以上述发展特别重要的。另外,根据本发明创造的材料具有比通常的绝热材料更好的特性。
在用于制冷设备的绝热物中,如用在冰箱和冷冻器的壁中,已发现所需绝热性需有0.05BTU-IN/HR。FT2°F(英国热量单位-英寸/小时平方呎·华氏度)或更低的K因子。很明显K因子越低,绝热性越好。使用沉积的二氧化硅与飞灰材料混合(飞灰材料的重量在30%至70%之间),已得到上述K因子。沉淀的二氧化硅和飞灰材料的重量比最好为60∶40至40∶60。
将沉积的二氧化硅和飞灰完全混合。然后加热以驱除表面水分。经常发现,在此加热操作中将二氧化硅-飞灰混合物置入多微孔的袋中以在处理中提供容器是很有利的。
在沉淀二氧化硅-飞灰材料混合物干燥了之后,将其置入外壳中,上述外壳的结构被设计成能防止气体的泄漏和/或渗透。在较好的实施方案中,将外壳抽真空并密封。如果沉淀二氧化硅-飞灰混合物在多微孔的袋中已干燥,可将多微孔袋直接置入防气外壳之中。在将外壳抽真空前,或者在其过程中,压缩沉淀二氧化硅-飞灰混合体以提供所需的密度,这可在低成本下获得薄结构的优良绝热性。在压缩和抽真空之后,包含有压缩的沉淀二氧化硅-飞灰混合体的防气外壳基本上为板状结构,所以它们容易地放入需要绝热的结构中。在这种情况下,可单独使用面板或象粘合剂那样将它们贴在需要绝热的表面上。如果需要,可将现场发泡绝热物,如聚氨酯泡沫,加入绝热空间以包围和嵌入沉淀二氧化硅和飞灰混合体构成的面板中。已得到应用的一种方法是将面板用泡沫垫块连到绝热空间的壁上,它使现场发泡绝热物将面板完全密封。
本发明的绝热材料是通过完全混合沉淀二氧化硅和飞灰材料制成的,混合体中沉积二氧化硅的重量至少有30份。沉积二氧化硅对飞灰的重量比最好从60∶40至40∶60。
本发明的飞灰材料是从煤炭火力发电厂的烟道气体中收集的细微粉末沉积物,其中颗粒的大小在100微米以下,最好在50微米以下。根据燃烧室的进料、煤炭来源、工厂的操业条件和采用的收集方法,飞灰材料的化学和物理性质是不同的。飞灰中二氧化硅、氧化铝和氧化铁的总和最好不少于40%,且其中ρ的氧化镁低于10%。更好地,二氧化硅,氧化铝和氧化铁的总和高于80%,而氧化镁的总量低于5%。
因为飞灰材料固有的成分变化,在本发明的例子中采用了不同来源的几种材料。在此所举的例子表明,具有由高效煤炭火电厂到由空气悬浮床燃烧过程得到的灰的成分的飞灰材料都可用于本发明,上述燃烧过程利用煤和石灰石混合进料。
飞灰是碎煤或粉状煤燃烧后得到的细的残渣,因为它的分成很细的状态,被废气由燃烧室带入沉积器。飞灰通常由静电或机械沉积器从煤炭火力发电厂的烟道气体中收集。因此,它们主要包括硅的,铝的和铁的氧化物,同时带有数量不等的未燃烧的碳。也可存在其它微量元素,如钾、磷、钴、钼、硼和镁。飞灰的不可燃的、无机的颗粒通常为球形,且大小和密度都不相同,且大部分为实心的并含有铁质。飞灰的颜色从浅棕黄色和从灰色到黑色变化。飞灰的化学和物理性质根据获得飞灰的电厂和采用的发电机组而变化。然而,正象所指出的那样,已发现满足前述标准的飞灰对本发明是有用的。
飞灰的颗粒形状和大小也根据电厂和发电机组而不同,虽然它们一般包括球形的实心和空心颗粒。颗粒为硅质的和含铝的,并包括一些石英,小针形富铝红柱石碎块,极少量的赤铁和磁铁及不等量的碳。飞灰中等颗粒的大小主要取决于收集系统和工厂操作的效率。我们发现当根据在此描述的过程使用时,具有100微米的中等颗粒尺寸或更小并且最好小于50微米的飞灰可获得所需的低导热率。
飞灰中空心和实心圆颗粒的比例也根据采用的收集系统,煤的来源,工厂的作业条件和燃烧的温度而变化。空心颗粒被称为煤胞,是由充满氧化氮和碳的硅酸盐圆颗粒构成的轻颗粒,其直径在20到200微米之间变化。煤胞可占飞灰重量的5%或体积的20%。高含量通常起因于Fe2O3含量高的煤和超过2,600°F(1,400℃)的熔化温度。
为了根据本发明使用沉积二氧化硅和飞灰的混合物,这两种材料首先完全混合。然后将混合物放入基本气密封和水密封的袋中,在其中加压和抽真空,以形成板状坚实材料。这种材料一般为半至一吋厚,且为平的。处理后得到的面板的长度和宽度只受到它要插入的设备,如冷藏箱或冰箱尺寸的限态。
当用刚刚所述的方法制成本发明的绝热材料时,可发现面板的K值大约为0.05BTU-IN/HRFT2°F(英国热量单位-吋/小时。呎2·华氏度)或更低。前面我们已经知道在此范围中的K值是生产冰箱和冷藏箱所需要的。
在制作本发明的绝热面板时,首先干燥沉积二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体。如果需要,二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体放在多微孔袋中,此袋只用来帮助在干燥操作中容纳粉末状的二氧化硅和飞灰。如果需要使用这样的多微孔材料,其中可用的材料是Celanese以“Celgard”为名出售的聚丙烯。另外,可用作为滤纸的那类纸。总之,任何允许空气和水汽通过但可保留细微的二氧化硅和飞灰的材料都可采用。
在干燥操作中,不管用不用多微孔袋,温度必须足以驱除表面的水份。一般地,在使用多微孔袋时,这意味着大约100℃的温度,而其上限为使多微孔材料不会烧焦,熔化或分解。
在干燥操作之后,对干燥的二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体加压以形成密度在10至35磅/立方呎之间的饼,其密度最好在10至25磅/立方呎之间。根据本发明所使用的具有上述密度的材料提供了所需的0.05BTU-IN/HR。FT2°F或更低的K因子。干燥的二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体再放入气密的袋中,此袋以防止气体的泄漏的方式构成。如果二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体已在多微孔袋中干燥,只需将多微孔袋放入气密外套。通常,在外套中通过使用包括一层或多层聚合物,镀金属聚合物或金属箔层阻挡膜来防止气体泄漏。例如,根据本发明已知有用的一类外套是由五层聚合物,包括在五个表面上的提供气密性的镀金属的四个聚酯层和一个可热封的聚合物内层构成的。
外套的总厚度必须足够小,使通过边缘的热传导小。通常,总厚度大约为0.003至0.020吋。尽管可以用更薄的材料提供足够的强度以容纳二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体并允不作所需的进一步处理,但它们要放入的装置的期望寿命会降低。然而,甚至0.003吋厚的外套也可期望有五年或更长的期望寿命。
在将干燥的二氧化硅和飞灰装入气密外套之后,将外壳抽真空并用适当的方法密封,例如热封或粘合。最好需要低于10毫米汞柱的内部压强,但是,根据填充材料,略高的压强,如15毫米汞柱内是容许的。所需的真空度的大小取决于K因子,象已表明的那样,K因子不能高于0.05。如果需要,可在抽真空之前用惰性气体如二氧化碳或氮气驱除外套内的空气。
如果需要,可将现场发泡的绝热物(如聚氨酯泡沫)加入绝热空间以包围和嵌入由沉积二氧化硅和飞灰构成的面板。已采用的一种方法为用泡沫垫块将面板连到绝热空间壁上,用现场发泡绝热物将面板完全密封。绝热块可用粘合法贴到壁和面板上。在面板就位后,在绝热室中形成绝热体以填充室从而密封面板。
下面是本发明的实例,它们只可看成为示范,而不作为任何形式的对本发明全部范围的限制。
例1
绝热面板是由飞灰和PPG以牌号T-690出售的沉积二氧化硅的各种混合体制备的。这种T-690沉积二氧化硅具有BET法所测的表面积150m2/g(平方米/克),其中等团块大小为1.3微米,密度为4磅/立方呎,PH值为7,DBP吸收为150。这种沉淀二氧化硅与来自肯塔基能源研究实验室中心的称为PFA I的飞灰完全混合。
表1显示了PFA I分析结果:
表1
性质 重量百分比
水分 0.10
灰 98.43
挥发物质 1.00
固定碳 0.50
烧失量 2.50
飞灰的中间颗粒大小为21.76微米,最大颗粒大小为176微米。
表2中显示了灰中的主要元素。
表2
成分 重量百分比
SiO251.50
TiO22.23
Al2O327.01
Fe2O33.98
CaO 1.43
MgO 0.78
K2O 2.62
Na2O <0.1
在将沉淀二氧化硅和名为PFA I的飞灰按后面所示的不同比例完全混合之后,每种混合体都放入多微孔袋中。多微孔袋是由以“Celgard”为名出售的材料制造的。在将混合体放入多微孔袋后,将袋的第四边热封,并将面板放入炉中在105℃下保持16小时。将多微孔袋中的干燥混合体压至所需的密度,然后放入镀有金属的塑料外壳。所用外壳与前面所述的结构相同,为气密外壳,外壳材料的厚度为0.004时。在将多微孔袋放入镀有金属的塑料外壳后,将外壳抽真空至2乇并密封。
根据所述步骤制做了一些沉淀二氧化硅和PFA I飞灰的混合体,其结果如表3所示。
表3
沉积二氧化硅/ K因子
PFA I的重量比 密度 (BTU-IN/HR FT2°F)
40/60 24.1 0.036
50/50 21.3 0.035
70/30 16.7 0.031
80/20 14.2 0.029
90/10 12.8 0.032
由此知道所有由这些沉淀二氧化硅和飞灰混合体制做的绝热面板显示的K因子都是允许值,即小于0.05。图1显示了K因子对沉积二氧化硅和飞灰不同的比的曲线图。
例2
绝热面板是采用与例1中相同的沉积二氧化硅和相同的步骤,但采用来自TVA Shawnee工厂并名为PFA Ⅱ的沉积飞灰制造的。在此飞灰中的中等颗粒大小为7.32,最大为88微米。在表4中显示了PFA Ⅱ的分析结果:
表4
性质 重量百分比
水分 0.31
灰 91.47
挥发物质 2.40
固定碳 5.80
烧失量 0.22
下面的表5显示了PFA Ⅱ的元素的分析结果:
表5
成分 重量百分比
SiO255.16
TiO21.86
Al2O333.27
Fe2O34.87
CaO 1.01
MgO 0.84
K2O 2.00
Na2O 0.54
表5续
成分 重量百分比
P2O50.19
SO30.13
再次改变沉积二氧化硅和飞灰混合体的比,结果显示在下面的表6中:
表6
沉积二氧化硅/ K因子
飞灰的重量比 密度 (BTU-IN/HR FT2°F)
30/70 29.7 0.041
40/60 24.2 0.035
50/50 20.9 0.033
60/40 18 0.029
70/30 15.79 0.028
80/20 14.1 0.030
90/10 12.9 0.030
这也知道所有混合体提供的绝热面板都具有所需的低于0.05的K因子。此例中面板的K因子对于沉积二氧化硅/飞灰比的曲线显示在图2中。
应该注意,在沉积二氧化硅与飞灰以70∶30的重量比之中的PFA Ⅱ材料具有0.028的K因子。而在以同样比例(70∶30)混合但外壳不抽真空的PFA Ⅱ的情况下,所得的K因子为0.2。通常用于家庭绝热的玻璃纤维具有的K因子大约为0.35,而当具有一些粘合剂的玻璃纤维用于冰箱和冷藏箱时,K因子大约为0.235。这样,本发明的材料甚至在不抽真空的情况下都有比玻璃纤维更好的绝热性质。
例3
绝热面板是采用与例1相同的沉积二氧化硅和相同的步骤,但采用来自TVA Bull Run工厂并称为PFA Ⅲ的沉积飞灰制造的。此飞灰中中等颗粒大小为20微米,最大为176微米。表7中显示了PFA Ⅲ所具有的分析结果:
例7
性质 重量百分比
水分 0.25
灰 94.48
挥发物质 1.55
固定碳 3.75
烧失量 5.69
PFA Ⅲ飞灰的成分分析显示在下面的表8中:
表8
成分 重量百分比
SiO248.46
TiO22.21
Al2O331.31
Fe2O34.02
CaO 1.58
MgO 0.74
K2O 2.43
Na2O 1/4 0.1
再用改变了的沉积二氧化硅和PFA Ⅲ飞灰比例制做绝热面板,结果如表9所示:
表9
沉积二氧化硅/ K因子
飞灰的重量比 密度 (BTU-IN/HR FT2°F)
30/70 31.6 0.046
40/60 24.2 0.037
50/50 20.2 0.036
60/40 18 0.029
70/30 16.68 0.031
表9续
沉积二氧化硅/ K因子
飞灰的重量比 密度 (BTU-IN/HR FT2°F)
80/20 14.2 0.031
90/10 12.9 0.031
在所有采用的比例中,用沉积二氧化硅和PFA Ⅲ制成的面板的K因子是允许的,即低于0.05。图3显示了K值相对于沉淀二氧化硅对PFA Ⅲ之比的曲线。
例4
绝热面板是用与例1相同的沉积二氧化硅和相同的步骤,但采用称为PFA Ⅳ的飞灰制成的。这种飞灰的中等颗粒大小为10微米,最大为88微米。表10显示了PFA Ⅳ所具有的分析结果:
表10
性质 重量百分比
水分 1.01
灰 97.89
挥发物质 1.00
固定碳 0.10
烧失量 1.63
表11显示了PFA Ⅳ的化学分析结果:
表11
成分 重量百分比
SiO237.31
TiO21.28
Al2O320.37
Fe2O34.01
CaO 23.59
MgO 6.29
K2O 0.33
Na2O 2.46
P2O51.07
SO33.30
表12显示了PFA Ⅳ飞灰和沉积二氧化硅的两种混合的测量结果:
表12
沉积二氧化硅/ K因子
飞灰的重量比 密度 (BTU-IN/HR FT2°F)
50/50 20.3 0.030
70/30 16 0.028
所采用的样品再次都显示了允许的K值,即低于0.05。
例5
绝热面板用与例1相同的沉积二氧化硅和相同的步骤,但用来自肯塔基能源实验室中心中间工厂并称为AFBC Bag House的沉淀飞灰制成。这种飞灰中的中等颗粒大小为4.33微米,最大为62徐米。表13显示了AFBC Bag House的分析结果:
表13
性质 重量百分比
水分 0.61
灰 90.36
挥发物质 9.0
烧失量 7.33
此材料的化学成分如表14所示:
表14
成分 重量百分比
SiO219.47
TiO20.68
Al2O312.08
Fe2O316.67
CaO 30.38
MgO 0.61
K2O 1.53
Na2O 0.35
表14续
成分 重量百分比
P2O50.13
SO317.22
表15显示了AFBC灰与沉积二氧化硅的三种比例的混合物的测量结果:
表15
沉积二氧化硅/ K因子
飞灰的重量比 密度 (BTU-IN/HR FT2°F)
40/60 23.2 0.035
50/50 19.5 0.037
60/40 18.5 0.039
所有制成的绝热面板都为允许的,即低于0.05的K因子。
当用等量的Degussa公司以FK500-LS为牌号出售的沉积二氧化硅代替PPG T-690时,得到了与例1至5所得的相似的结果。这种沉积二氧化硅具有的表面积为450平方米/克,二丁基邻苯二甲酸盐吸收为300%,平均二级颗粒的大小约为3微米,SiO2含量为99%。它的密度为80克/升,在105℃时2小时的干燥损失少于或等于3%,在1000℃时2小时的烧失量为5%,在5%悬液中的PH值为7。
根据本发明制造的绝热材料可用于需要绝热的各种情况中。如前所述,它可在不将盛材料的外套抽成真空的情况下使用。因为它有更好的绝热性,所以很适于代替玻璃纤维绝热。它也可以代替聚氨酯泡沫,特别是在需要经受相当高温度的环境中。包含本发明材料的外套或面板可通过用壁的面板状部分包围需绝热的空间而用来给此空间绝热。面板也可贴在要绝热的空间的一个或更多的壁上,或可将它们夹在构成需要绝热的空间的双层壁的中间。特别在冰箱和冷藏箱的情况下,需要绝热的空间是由一般称为内壁和外套的双层壁包围的。一种特别适合于使用根据本发明制成的绝热面板的方法为通过将制成的绝热面板贴到,如粘合到外套壁的内表面或内壁的内表面上并在两壁之间的空间10之中填充现场发泡塑料11,如聚氨酯泡沫。另一种方法在图4和5中描述。如这些图所示,前面说明了的放在各种外套中的压缩的沉淀二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体绝热面板1由泡沫垫块3贴在外套壁2的内表面上。在这些泡沫垫块的标有4的地方涂着粘合剂以将它们粘附到外套壁的内表面和绝热面板上。记为2的壁应理解为或者是外套壁或者是内壁。在将足够数量的绝热面板1附着到相应的壁2上后,两壁之间的空间10用现场发泡塑料11,如聚氨酯泡沫填充,使其包围面板1和垫块3并给壁2和2′之间的空间提供完全的绝热性能。在此应理解的是绝热面板1可按需要贴在壁2或2′之上而不影响装置的总的绝热性能。图5中填充空间10的现场发泡材料可以为任何本技术中采用的标准绝热泡沫。
根据本发明显示并描述了将沉积二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体作为绝热材料的应用。还描述并图示了应用本发明的材料和装配根据本发明制成的面板的方法。本发明不应视为仅限于该特例,而是只由所附权利要求书显示和描述。
Claims (19)
1、用于绝热的板状材料的板,包括:
a。沉积的二氧化硅和飞灰材料,在所述沉积二氧化硅和飞灰的总重中有介于30%和70%之间的所述飞灰材料;
b。装有所述沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料混合体的气密和水密外套。
2、权利要求1的材料,其中沉积二氧化硅与飞灰材料的重量比从60∶40至40∶60。
3、权利要求1的材料,其中中等颗粒的大小在100微米以下。
4、权利要求1的材料,其中所述沉积二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体在多微孔袋中干燥。
5、权利要求4的材料,其中所述多微孔袋置于所述气密和水密外套中。
6、权利要求1的材料,其中所述包含沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料的气密和水密外套被压缩到密度为10至35磅/立方呎间。
7、制作绝热面板的方法,包括:
a.制作用来作为绝热的板状材料的板,
上述材料包括沉积二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体,所述飞灰材料占所述混合体的30%至70%;
b.在足以驱除表面水分的温度下干燥所述沉积二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体;
c.将所述沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料的混合体压缩到10至35磅/立方呎;
d.将所述压缩的沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料的混合体置于外套内;
e.密封所述外套。
8、权利要求7的方法,其中所述沉积二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体在多微孔袋中干燥。
9、权利要求7的方法,其中沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料的重量比为60∶40至40∶60。
10、权利要求7的方法,其中外套为气密封和水密封的并抽成真空。
11、权利要求10的方法,其中所述气密封和水密封外套是有镀金属层的塑料构成的多层结构。
12、权利要求11的方法,其中至少一层所述镀金属层为镀铝塑料层。
13、权利要求11的方法,其中至少一层所述塑料层由聚丙烯构成。
14、权利要求11的过程,其中至少一层所述层为金属箔。
15、包括沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料的绝热材料,在所述沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料的总重中所述飞灰材料占30%至70%。
16、权利要求15的绝热材料,其中沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料的重量比从60∶40至40∶60。
17、在致冷装置的内壁和外壁之间制作绝热层的方法,包括:
a.构成包括沉积二氧化硅和飞灰的混合体的用来绝热的板状材料的板,所述沉积二氧化硅至少占混合体的30%;
b.在足以驱除表面水分的温度下干燥所述沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料的混合体;
c.将所述沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料压缩后10至35磅/立方呎的密度;
d.将所述压缩后的沉积二氧化硅和飞灰材料放入气密和水密外套;
e.将所述气密和水密外套抽真空;
f.密封所述气密和水密外套;
g.将所述密封的气密和水密外套附在所述制冷装置的绝热空间的一壁的表面上;
h.用泡沫绝热材料填充所述绝热空间的剩余部分。
18、权利要求17的过程,其中外套用粘合剂附在壁上。
19、权利要求17的过程,其中由粘合剂将外壳附在泡沫垫块上,并将泡沫垫块附在绝热空间的一个壁的表面上。
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US (1) | US4681788A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0254993B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2553564B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR960016072B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1021337C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3782691T2 (zh) |
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US3913996A (en) * | 1974-01-14 | 1975-10-21 | Whirlpool Co | Refrigeration apparatus enclosure structure |
FR2360536A1 (fr) * | 1976-08-05 | 1978-03-03 | Air Liquide | Materiau isolant a faible conductibilite thermique constitue d'une structure granulaire compactee |
DE2911416A1 (de) * | 1979-03-23 | 1980-09-25 | Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh | Element zur waermeisolation |
DE2928695C2 (de) * | 1979-07-16 | 1984-05-30 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Wärmeisolierkörper sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE2942180C2 (de) * | 1979-10-18 | 1985-02-21 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeisolierkörpers |
CA1140846A (en) * | 1980-01-10 | 1983-02-08 | Robert B. Bruce | Sag-resistant gypsum board and method |
DE3033515A1 (de) * | 1980-09-05 | 1982-04-29 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | Waermedaemmplatte |
US4380569A (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-04-19 | Spenco Medical Corporation | Lightweight preformed stable gel structures and method of forming |
US4430108A (en) * | 1981-10-14 | 1984-02-07 | Pedro Buarque De Macedo | Method for making foam glass from diatomaceous earth and fly ash |
DE3142848C2 (de) * | 1981-10-29 | 1985-04-04 | G. Bauknecht Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Kühlmöbel |
US4444821A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1984-04-24 | General Electric Company | Vacuum thermal insulation panel |
DE3418637A1 (de) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-11-21 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | Waermedaemmformkoerper mit umhuellung |
-
1986
- 1986-07-31 US US06/891,157 patent/US4681788A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-06-30 CN CN87104543A patent/CN1021337C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-07-01 JP JP16254387A patent/JP2553564B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-07-01 KR KR1019870006858A patent/KR960016072B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-07-17 ES ES87110355T patent/ES2035834T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-17 DE DE19873782691 patent/DE3782691T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-07-17 EP EP19870110355 patent/EP0254993B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1078189C (zh) * | 1996-03-18 | 2002-01-23 | 景占义 | 低氧化镁绝热材料及其生产方法 |
CN103998355A (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2014-08-20 | 开利公司 | 集成冷藏集装箱的真空绝热 |
CN103998355B (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2016-11-09 | 开利公司 | 集成冷藏集装箱的真空绝热 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0254993B1 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
KR960016072B1 (ko) | 1996-11-27 |
US4681788A (en) | 1987-07-21 |
DE3782691D1 (de) | 1992-12-24 |
JPS6340779A (ja) | 1988-02-22 |
EP0254993A3 (en) | 1988-10-05 |
CN1021337C (zh) | 1993-06-23 |
DE3782691T2 (de) | 1993-05-27 |
JP2553564B2 (ja) | 1996-11-13 |
KR880002198A (ko) | 1988-04-29 |
EP0254993A2 (en) | 1988-02-03 |
ES2035834T3 (es) | 1993-05-01 |
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