CN85104030A - 免疫测定方法和装置 - Google Patents

免疫测定方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN85104030A
CN85104030A CN85104030.6A CN85104030A CN85104030A CN 85104030 A CN85104030 A CN 85104030A CN 85104030 A CN85104030 A CN 85104030A CN 85104030 A CN85104030 A CN 85104030A
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古纳斯·埃德温·瓦基塞
纽·科尔曼·欧文
菲利普·艾伦·莱文森
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Abstract

配体受体测定的装置和方法：该装置由膜或滤器为第一部件，它把配体的受体结合或从液样中提取带配体的细胞。第二部件由吸收材料组成。加入液样，因第一部件与第二部件接触，导致液体通过前者。测定时样品加到第一部件上表面，固定在其上的受体结合样品中的配体或提取与配体相关的细胞物质。先加样品后加待测抗原的标记抗体，洗去未结合标记受体；如第一部件上有标记抗体表示样品中有抗原。本发明以配体是抗原，受体是抗体为最好。

Description

本发明涉及配体受体免疫测定。特别是涉及免疫测定过程，尤其是涉及应用单克隆抗体的免疫测定过程。另一方面，本发明也涉及为进行这些测定所需的装置。
近20年来，免疫测定方法已为体外检测与疾病或临床有意义的其它物理情况有关的各种各样抗原提供了敏感的诊断工具。最初这些不同的测定法应用的是结合到固相上的多克隆抗体。在这些测定中，标记抗原的溶液可与待测样品中的抗原直接地竞争固相抗体或按顺序加入抗体中。结合到固相上标记抗原的程度或在液相中所检测到的标记抗原的量可用来测定待分析样品中抗原的存在和其含量。
后来又有了非竞争性免疫测量分析法。在这些测定中同样亦应用了结合到固相上的多克隆抗体制剂。将怀凝含有抗原的样品与固相接触以使该抗原与固相上的抗体结合。典型的步骤是，在孵育后，把样品从固相分离出来，洗涤固相，然后将固相与另一个已用放射性核素、酶或荧光标记的多隆抗体孵育。
经此第二次孵育后，将未结合的标记抗体与固相分开，在此抗体：抗原：抗体夹心测定法系统中，检测液相中或结合到固相上的标记抗体的量就可测定试验样品中抗原的存在和/或含量。
新近，单克隆抗体的应用已使免疫测定方法有所改良。例如美国4，376，110叙述了应用成对单克隆抗体的两位点（two-site）免疫测量法。其一结合到固相上，另一被标记以供检测用。能识别一抗原上不同表位点的单克隆抗体对的应用，使同时进行多个免疫测定分析成为可能，在此分析中抗原和标记抗体的孵育无需先有方法中的多次中间洗涤步骤。
在前述诸方法中，固相抗体一般结合到小珠或小颗粒或被涂敷到一表面上。所有这些方法的特征都是要求固相和标记抗体有一定的孵育期，因此，即使是同时进行多个测定也是耗时的。事实上，完成一次测定通常也需要几个小时。而且需要坚持耗时的孵育步骤及多次地用测量好的试剂洗涤以致这些方法主要限于在大医院和咨询临床实验室中应用，因这些地方拥有训练有素的技术人员和复杂仪器设备可进行这些测定。其结果导致应用相对简单的，使之可在内科医生办公室或甚至以现成出售的供一般家庭保健计划中使用的以简单快速的方法进行免疫测定的装置，这种需求一直得不到满足。
本发明提供了简单和迅速的进行配体受体测定的一个方法，应用一简单设备和不需要长的孵育期阶段使用核酸寡聚体杂交的免疫和免疫测量分析法。本发明的装置的第一部分是多孔板诸如膜或滤器，待检测靶分析物（配体）的受体结合或固定在此膜或滤器上、或抗受体结合或固定到膜或滤器上，或多孔膜能将待测样品中的细胞或细胞碎片分离出来，藉此将待检配体结合到多孔膜上。例如，在免疫和免疫测量分析法中，当配体是一抗原时，则抗体，最好是单克隆抗体，结合到多孔膜上而作为受体。该装置的第二部分是吸收部件，它具有毛细吸管通道并通过此通道一般以横向的方式到达其上和下表面。正如此处所用的，术语“毛细吸管”包括一毛细吸管或另外的渠道或通道，它能使液体通过吸收装置。此第二部分与多孔的第一部分是以毛细吸管相连通的，而且选择性的使其具有一定的毛细吸管径大小，虽然当样品和在该测定中随后所加的样品的流体静压力不足以引起通过第一部分而流动的情况下，但在不借助于外部装置仍可以引起液体通过第一部分而流动。第二部分亦可为第一部分起支持作用。
本发明的测定包括下述步骤，即先将液体样品加到多孔膜上，当液体通过该处而流动时，结合在多孔膜上的受体结合样品中的可溶性或悬浮的配体，其结合速度明显较不通过该多孔膜流动时所观察到的速度要快，或者，假如配体位于细胞的表面，则细胞的物质或被固定到多孔膜上的受体所结合或者当样品流经它时被其捕获。在本发明的最好实施例中，加入样品之后加入另外一个配体的受体溶液，该受体是被标记了的，以使检测可以进行。例如，在检测抗原的免疫测量分析中，使用抗体溶液，最好是使用单克隆抗体，它结合在抗原的一个表位上，该表位不干扰结合第一受体。虽然其它的标记物例如放射核素或荧光标记亦可应用，但最好是酶标记。抗体的结合到从样品中所提取出的抗原上，是通过结合抗体或藉助捕获细胞物质。标记抗体可立即加入，或短暂孵育后加入使抗原与标记抗体的结合较多，通过洗涤除去非结合的标记抗体，这样做可增加敏感性。多孔膜上标记抗体的存在经测出即提示样品中待测靶抗原的存在。在用酶标记的测定中，将可形成颜色反应的底物溶液加到多孔膜上，在溶液通过时，底物即与酶起反应。
图1是根据本发明进行免疫测定所用装置的横切面。
图2是在本发明中应用的为从待检样品中除去抗原的多孔膜的顶视图。
如上所指出的，本发明的装置的第一部分是一多孔膜或滤器，配体的受体或抗受体结合在其上，或它能从分析样品中滤过细胞物质，如果配体与细胞物质相联合的话。在后一种情况下，所选择的膜或滤器的孔径大小应适于此分离目的。各种各样滤器部件中的任何一种均可应用，包括玻璃纤维滤器和各种合成的或天然物质的滤器。
当多孔膜结合有受体时，该受体能选择性的直接地与相应配体结合。例如，假如配体是一个抗原，则该受体可以是一个抗体，最好是用单克隆抗体。假如待测配体是一个抗体，那么受体可能是一个抗原或抗-抗体。假如配体是一个酶，那么受体可能是酶的受体。假如配体是一核酸，例如RNA或DNA，那么受体可能是DNA或RNA的互补寡聚体。在最好的具体实施方案中，第一部分是一个膜或滤器，抗体制剂共价地结合在其上。纵然来自抗血清的多克隆抗体也可作使用，但最好是单克隆抗体。多克隆和单克隆抗体的制备技术已为人们所熟知，此地就无需再引证了。
选作多孔膜的材料应是能使受体结合的材料，或假如应用抗受体的话，也能使抗体结合在其上。在受体或抗受体为蛋白质，即抗体或抗原的情况下，最好以具有氨基残基的尼龙作为材料或已用化学方法将这种氨基残基引入到尼龙分子中，通过众所周知的戊二醛法使一蛋白质与之偶合。抗体能通过氨基硅烷偶合到玻璃维维上。也可应用直接地或通过媒介物而偶合到受体或抗受体上的其它一些天然或合成材料。
上面强调了受体或抗受体化学地结合到多孔膜上。但是，在适当的情况下，受体或抗受体亦可涂敷在多孔膜表面上或是以颗粒的形式被捕获在多孔膜的相互作用之内。因此，如同在本发明中所用的那样，术语“结合”意指将受体或抗-受体固定到多孔膜上而采用的任何手段。
该装置的第二部分是一吸收部件，具有毛细吸管通道，一般是横向贯通上和下表面。第二部分与第一部分以能使第一部分的孔或间隙与第二部分的毛细吸管之间直接沟通的方式装配成一体。这样，当一液体加到第一部分中并使之饱和时，该液体就能吸进收部件中。结果，当一液体样品加到第一部件的上表面时，纵然该液体的静水压力很低也能流经第一部件，而一般情况下也不施加压力迫其通过或真空驱其通过则它是不可能通过第一部件的。
制作第一部件材料的选择并不严格，各种各样纤维滤器材料均可应用。一个有用的材料是像香烟过滤嘴中那样定向的醋酸纤维素纤维。本工艺中技术熟练的人们将会认识到也可用聚酯，聚烯烃或其它材料所造的吸吸部件来代替醋酸纤维素。
现在让我们看图1，它显示出一设备的横切面，它与本发明中的装置一起用于进行各种测定。图1中装备着一圆筒形容器10（虽然它可以是任何其它适当的形状），它有一上开口12，以侧壁14所确定。该容器可用玻璃，塑料或其它适合的材料所制成。如图1所示，容器10亦有一下井口16，一活动的塞子18可插入其内，由开口16可插入多孔部件20，一圆形膜或过滤片和一随意的部件21（它的功能将在下面描述）摘置在圆形吸收部件22上，它也是通过开口16插入的。
如图1中所示容器10的一部分24向下收缩而构成完整的漏斗，便于样品加入部件20中和保证样品及其它加入部件20中的物质能进行有效的洗涤。
部件22的大小，因而也是容器10收缩部分以下的容积最好选择在使测量过程中加入本装置中的所有液体都能被接受和保留在吸收部件22中。在容器10中靠近底部装有排放空气（图1中未指出）的装置如小孔，以使被置换的空气可以逸出。容器10的底部可随意地除去，液体可流经部件20和22，并通过底部流出容器。但是，因为该物品是用后即弃的和为了有利于以简单和卫生的方式处理样品，因此最好还是应用如图1中所1示的结构。
如前面所提到的，部件20可用于从样品中过滤细胞物质或作为抗待测配体的结合受体的支持物。在任何一种用途中，液体样品可通过开口12而引入到部件20内。待其渗入部件20后，液体吸收并进入吸收部件22中，然后将一标记受体溶液经开口12加入部件20中。
然后标记受体或结合到已结合在部件20上的受体的配体上或与已捕获在20表面上的细胞物质相连接。在免疫测量分析中，如部件20上已结合有一单克隆抗体，标记的抗体也是一个单克隆抗体，那么这两个体选择性地结合到互不干扰的抗原结合点上，其情形正如在美国专利第4，376，110号和1981年6月6日申请的发明专利申请序列号第323，498号中所描述，该公开专利作为参考资料结合到本发明中。
虽然其它常用的分析标记物在适当情况下也可应用，但最好用酶标记可溶性受体。例如亦可应诸如荧光素或藻红蛋白或放射核素作为荧光标记。有用的标记物亦包括加入了有颜色的染料或荧光颗粒的微球体。其他有用的标记物中可以提及的是已加入有颜色的染料或荧光颗粒的脂质体或其它泡囊。
标记受体溶液通过部件20之后，将洗涤液加入部件20以将未结合的标记受体从部件20冲洗出并进入部件22中。壁24倾斜的结构提供了一完整的漏斗从而促进洗涤液体加入壁中以除去粘附的残余标记受体溶液。
在将标记受体溶液和洗液加入部件20之前先作短暂孵育使溶液中捕获在部件20上或其间隙中的受体或配体更广泛的结合从而增加测定的敏感性。但是我们发现，这样的孵育步骤或是不必要或只是很短暂即可，一般是60秒钟或更短。含有配体或标记受体溶液通过部件20流动产生结合的速度明显较无流动时所观察到的结合速度要快。
如受体标记是一种酶，那么洗涤除去部件20上的非结合受体后就可加入酶底物溶液。如果待测配体结合到已结合在部件20上的受体上或部件20上的细胞物质上，则配体将结合到一部分标记受体上。该酶将引起底物反应和为经适当选择将会产生一可见的颜色改变。
我们已发现，当醋酸纤维素用作吸收部件22的材料时，标记受体可非特异性地结合在其上表面。因此，在此表面上即正好在部件20之下可出现的颜色改变。为避免这种可见的颜色改变通过部件20，最好在部件和22之间放置是多孔聚乙烯或其它材料制成的隔离部件（在图1中叫做21），它不会非特异性地结合受体。
现在转向图2。此为部件20的顶视图。在一个推荐的具体实施例方案中虚线26代表28区的外周线，在此处结合配体。此区最较窄点的直径比由壁24所限制的直径要小些。由此，当一种酶被用来作为受体的标记物时可产生下列结果：（1）在28区内所产生颜色比部件20周围的颜色更深，即为阳性结果;（2）假如在部件20未产生颜色则为阴性结果;（3）假如在洗涤后某些标记的受体仍存在于部件20中，则整个可见的表面均有相同的中度颜色改变，此结果也可解释为限性结果。
前面是本发明的装置和方法步骤的一般描述。我们已发现，它在对样品进行免疫测定时是有用的，于5分钟内就可出现阳性结果。因此，
在一种特殊的例子中，一种抗人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）的单克隆抗体，与其相应的抗原是在孕妇尿中含量升高的HCG，将此抗原使用戊二醛技术结合到一个多孔的尼龙膜上，将其置于一个像图1，10那样的容器中，并用一个醋酸纤维素吸收膜支持住但用一个多孔聚乙烯圆片将其隔离开。
将4毫升含有0-50国际毫单位/毫升HCG的尿标本加入前已描述的装置中，通过部件20和21将其吸入到吸附材料22中，然后加入3滴已结合碱性磷酸酶的抗HCG的第二个单克隆抗体溶液。在大约一分钟的短暂孵育后，在此时间内结合物通过部件20被吸入，加入4毫升水以从部件20中将未结合的抗体除去，然后加入3滴含有碱性磷酸酶的底物一吲哚酚磷酸酯溶液。2分钟后在此装置中未出现颜色表示待测的标本不含HCG（0国际毫单位/毫升）。对于含有50国际毫单位/毫升的HCG标本在圆片的中央30秒钟内出现明显的兰色在2分钟内变成深兰色。在此圆片的周围不显色。整个测定需时约5分钟，测定的灵敏度可通过改变容积或孵育时间而进行调整。
虽然本发明用测定HCG作为一个例子进行描述，但也可用类似的测定法来测定其他抗原。列出全部待测抗原显得太冗长了，但可检测诸如：免疫球蛋白E（IgE）、前列腺酸磷酸酶、前列腺的特异性抗原、α胎几蛋白质、瘸胚抗原、黄体化荷尔蒙，肌酸激酶MB或其他在血清、血桨，尿或其他液体媒质中的抗原等。此外，在液体样品中含有下列各有关抗原，例如：同细菌、寄生虫、真菌或病毒有关的各种抗原，例如：甲型和乙型链球菌、淋病奈瑟氏菌（淋球菌）、阴道嘉氏菌（Gardnerella    Vaginalis）、阴道毛滴虫、白色念珠菌、沙眼衣原体、乙型肝炎以及巨细胞病毒均可被检测。此种方法是通过使用一种可捕获这些细胞的滤器或使用一种像部件20一样的可将此抗原的异性抗体结合上去的滤器检测的。加入用一种酶标记的单克隆抗体溶液将使抗体与抗体原相结合。洗涤和加入底物将产生同存在于细胞上的标记抗体相关的颜色改变，此种颜色的变化可通过肉眼或藉助于一种仪器而检测。
如使用的标记物不是酶，那么操作步骤将有所变动。假如使用荧光标记物则可测定膜的荧光。假如使用放性核素如125I作为标记物，可将此膜取下并进行计数。
前面强调了本发明应用于一系列用单克隆抗体所进行的免疫测定的测定。即使用结合在多膜上的第一单克隆抗体受体和已标记的第二单克隆抗体受体。将样品加到此多孔膜上，然后加入标记的抗体。其它派生的测定也是可能的。例如，在免疫测量分析情况下，标记的抗体和待测样品可事先温合再加到多孔膜上。
本发明的装置也用于测定抗体。这些测定中应用一种抗原作为固相表面的第一受体，使用标记的抗原或标记的抗-抗体作为第二受体，后者是特别适合于变态反应的特异性测定中，在这些测定中其第一受体是一种结合到多孔膜上的变应原，第二受体是一种抗IgE的抗体，最好选用单克隆抗体。在其他情况下，对变应原的免疫球蛋白G（.IgG）应答可以类似的方式进行测定。即：使用一种抗体例如，单克隆抗IgG作为第二抗体，其它的抗体试验也可以这种方式进行测定，此包括测定抗疱疹病毒、风疹病毒、肝炎、巨细胞病毒以及嗜人类T淋巴细胞Ⅲ型（HTL-Ⅲ）的抗体。
本发明的另一具体实施方案是此装置可用于竞争性测定。即：在这些测定中将配体的受体结合到多孔膜上，在样品中的配体与加入样品溶液中的固定量的标记配体或在加入样品后再加入的固定量的标记配体进行竞争。以此方式进行竞争性免疫测定适宜于使用一种抗体，例如一种单体克隆抗体或多克隆抗体制剂作为结合到固相上的受体。可在样品加入到此多孔膜之前，将此标记的抗原加到此样品中去。此外，标记的抗原也可在样品加入后或与样品同时加入。
本发明的装置也可通过将一种酶的受体结合到多孔膜上作为测定的受体的方式来检测此种酶。抗酶的标记抗体可用于检测在多孔膜上所形成的受体-酶复合物。
此多孔膜也可同一种核酸寡聚体结合，此寡聚体可作为样品中核酸物质的一种受体探子。例如，此探子可以是一种DNA的寡聚体，它可互补到一种待测的核酸序列之中。在此情况下它也可用于结合作为配体的DNA或DNA。配体一受体复合物的测定，可通过应用一个第二核寡聚体使互补到待测的核酸配体的非干扰区域能检测体一受体复合物。将此第二寡聚体进行标记检测就可实现。
在本发明之另一种具体实施方案中，抗受体可结合到此多孔膜上。此处“抗受体”这个术语是指将选择性地同配体一受体这对作用物中的受体相结合的物质，例如：如配体是一抗原，受体是一抗体，例如：如配体是一抗原，受体是一抗体，例如：小鼠IgG抗体（最好使用单克隆抗体），那么此抗受体最好是一种抗鼠类IgG单克隆抗体。在其他情况下，受体可与一种能选择性地同抗受体相结合的物质结合。例如，此物质可以是一种半抗原，抗受体是抗该半原的抗体。一种优良的半抗原荧光素。在另外的情况下，抗受体可以是抗生物素蛋白，在此情况下，受体将是同其结合的生物素。在其它情况下，受体可以是核酸寡聚体或这样一种寡聚体可与这受体结合。抗受体可以是一核酸片段，它可互补到受体寡聚体的一个部位上。此部位不会损害受体同配体的结合。本工艺中那些熟练的技术人员将会认识到很多抗受体：受体的结合也可被使用。
当使用一个抗受体时，样品可以很多种方式进行测定。例例，在一种“夹心测定法”中，第一受体和第二标记受体可以先与样品加在一起去结合配体，然后再加到多孔膜上。或者，第一受体和样品先结合，然后再加到多孔膜上去，或按先加入第一受体，然后加入样品，继而再加标记的受体的顺序进行。在这种夹心测定法中，抗受体选择性地同第一受体而非标记受体相结合。
结合到多孔膜上的抗受体的应用在配体-受体测定中有用的多孔膜的简单设计和制备成为可能。例如，如受体被结合到多孔膜上，那么就可能需要变更结合程序以使测定序列中所需要的每一个受体呈最佳的结合。然而，多孔膜上仅结合单一抗受体就可用于多种测定。结果，当这样一种“通用的”多孔膜成为可能时，则设计方面的努力和制造程序将大大地简化。

Claims (54)

1、在一种配体-受体测定过程中，为了检测液体样品中待测配体所用的装置由下列部件组成：
a).第一个部件是多孔膜。此膜结合有针对待测配体的受体或能分离液体样品中与配体相关联的细胞成份。此膜具有上表面和下表面。
b).第二个部件为吸附材料构成的吸收体。在其表的上放置着第一个部件，此吸收体具有毛细吸管，这些毛细吸管一般以横向方式到达搁置有第一部件的表面。第二部件的毛细管同第一部件下表面上的多孔相连通。因此，可将加入到第一部件上表面并已渗入其中的液体被吸入到第二部件的毛细吸管中。
2、按权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述第一部件是抗配体的受体结合到此部件上。
3、按权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述第一部件是一个膜或滤器。
4、按权利要求1，2或3所述的装置，配体是从包括抗原、抗体、酶和核酸寡体的一组中选择出来的。
5、按权利要求1，2或3所述的装置，其中所述受体结合到多孔膜上，而该受体是从包括抗体、抗原、酶的受体以及核酸寡聚体所的一组中选择出来的。
6、按权利要求5所述的装置，其中所述受体是核酸寡聚体。
7、按权利要求6所述的装置，其中所述核酸寡聚体是DNA的寡聚体。
8、按权利要求5所述的装置，其中所述受体是抗体。
9、按权利要求8所述的装置，其中所述受体是多克隆抗体制剂。
10、按权利要求8所述的装置，其中所述抗体是单克隆抗体。
11、按权利要求5所述的装置，其中所述受体是抗原，其相应待测配体是抗体。
12、按权利要求11所述的装置，其中所述抗原是变应原，其抗体是抗此变应原的抗体。
13、按权利要求12所述的装置，其中所述抗原是IgE。
14、按权利要求12所述的装置，其中所述抗体是IgG。
15、按权利要求1，2或3所述的装置，其中多孔部件是由玻璃或龙材料制成的。
16、按权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述多孔部件是能将液体样品中的细胞物质分离出来的一种部件。
17、按权利要求16所述的装置，其中所述多孔部件是一个膜或滤器。
18、按权利要求1、2、3、15或16所述的装置，其中所述的装置还包括放置第一和第二部件所需的容器，该容器有一开口以便将测定的试剂加到第一部件的上表面上。
19、按权利要求18所述的装置，其中所述容器的开口还包括一段侧面，所述侧面向内倾斜形成漏斗，以引导所加试剂进入第一部件的上表面。
20、按权利要求18所述的装置，其中所述容器的底部是封闭的，此容器有排气孔以排放由于加入的试剂而被置换的空气。
21、检测液体样品中待测配体的一个测定方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括将怀凝含有待测配体的液体样品加到权利要求2或3中所述的装置的第一部件的上表面，将此样品加入上表面或先将此样品加入到多孔膜上，再加入待测配体的标记第二受体。再将未结合的标记受体分离，并检测结合到已结合到第一受体的配体上的标记的第二受体。
22、按权利要求21所述的或方法，其中用洗涤法分离未结合的第二受体。
23、按权利要求21所述的方法，其中所述结合到多孔膜上的受体是选自抗原、抗体、酶受体和核酸寡聚体。
24、按权利要求22所述的方法，其中所述结合到多孔膜上的受体和标记的受体在非干扰的位点同配体结合。
25、按权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述待测的配体是核酸寡聚体和结合到多孔膜的受体标记受体是互补的核酸寡聚体。
26、按权利要求25所述的方法，其中所述受体是DNA寡聚体。
27、按权利要求26所述的方法，其中所述待配体是DNA寡聚体。
28、按权利要求26所述的方法，其中所述待测配体是RNA寡聚体。
29、按权利要求23的方法，其中待测配体是抗原，其受体是单克隆抗体。
30、按权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述待测配体是抗体而受体是抗原。
31、按权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述待测配体是抗体而结合到多孔膜上的受体是抗原，标记的受体是抗此待测抗体的抗体。
32、按权利要求所述31的方法，其中所述抗原是一种变应原，待测配体是IgE。
33、按权利要求31所述的方法，其中所述抗原是一种变应原，待测配体是IgE。
34、按权利要求32所述的方法，其中所述标记受体是单克隆抗IgG。
35、按权利要求33所述的方法，其中所述标记受体是抗-IgG。
36、检测与细胞物质有关的待测配体的测定方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括将怀凝在所述细胞物质上含有配体的液样品加到权利要求16中所述的多孔膜的上表面，以便从样品中分离此细胞物质。样品已加入到多孔膜上或先将样品加到多孔膜上，继之加入待测配体的标记受体，以便进行检测。然后将未结合的标记受体分离，并检测标记受体。如有的话，此标记受体是结合到通过多孔膜从液体样品中分离出的细胞物质上的配体上。
37、按权利要求36所述的方法，其中所述未结合的标记受体用洗涤法分离。
38、按权利要求36或37所述的方法，其中所述待测配体是抗原，受体是相应的抗体。
39、按权利要求38所述的方法，其中所述抗体是单克隆抗体。
40、按权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述第一个部件具有结合在其上的抗受体。
41、按权利要求40所述的装置，其中所述受体是一种抗体，抗受体是抗此受体的抗体。
42、按权利要求40所述的装置，其中所述受体同半抗原相结合，抗受体是抗此半抗原的抗体。
43、按权利要求40所述的装置，其中所述半原是荧光素。
44、按权利要求40所述的装置，其中所述抗受体是抗生物素蛋白，其受体与生物素相结合。
45、按权利要求40、41、42和43所述的装置，其中所述抗受体是单克隆抗体。
46、按权利要求45所述的装置，其中所述抗体是单克隆抗体。
47、使用权利要求40所述的装置，检测液体样品中的待测配体，其中所述多孔膜结合抗受体到待测配体的第一受体上。其特征在于：将第一受体、液体样品和标记的第二受体加到多孔膜的上表面，继而将未结合的标记受体分离，并检测结合到第一受体所结合的配体上的标记受体。
48、按权利要求47所述的方法，其中先加入第一受体，继而加入液体样品。
49、按权利要求47所述的方法，其中先将第一受体和液体样品混合后再加到多孔膜上。
50、按权利要求48或49所述的方法，其中在加入液体样品到多孔膜上后再在其上加入标记的受体。
51、按权利要求48或49所述的方法，其中将标记受体加入液体样品后再将此液体样品加到多孔膜上。
52、按权利要求47、48或49所述的方法，其中所述抗受体是抗体。
53、按权利要求50所述的方法，其中所述抗受体是抗体。
54、按权利要求51所述的方法，其中所述抗受体是抗体。
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CN109669037A (zh) * 2019-02-28 2019-04-23 深圳市易瑞生物技术股份有限公司 一种分离式多通道层析装置
CN109669037B (zh) * 2019-02-28 2024-03-15 深圳市易瑞生物技术股份有限公司 一种分离式多通道层析装置

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FI91565B (fi) 1994-03-31
NO860057L (no) 1986-03-10
EP0180638A4 (en) 1988-09-28
MX161338A (es) 1990-09-10
AU6805090A (en) 1991-05-02
FI91566C (fi) 1994-07-11
AU6307594A (en) 1994-07-14
DE3586983D1 (de) 1993-02-25
ES556866A0 (es) 1987-10-16
ES8702661A1 (es) 1986-12-16
AU673907B2 (en) 1996-11-28
US4632901A (en) 1986-12-30
EP0180638A1 (en) 1986-05-14
IN163952B (zh) 1988-12-17
NO168388B (no) 1991-11-04
NZ212049A (en) 1989-01-06
EP0180638B1 (en) 1993-01-13
DK11186D0 (da) 1986-01-10
DK170353B1 (da) 1995-08-07
FI91566B (fi) 1994-03-31
DE3586983T2 (de) 1993-04-29
NO168388C (no) 1992-02-12
DK124994A (da) 1994-10-28
FI910057A0 (fi) 1991-01-04
FI860112A (fi) 1986-01-10
WO1985005451A1 (en) 1985-12-05
AU601357B2 (en) 1990-09-13
ES543068A0 (es) 1986-12-16
AU4401785A (en) 1985-12-13
ZA853583B (en) 1986-04-30
CN1008403B (zh) 1990-06-13
FI860112A0 (fi) 1986-01-10
ES8800436A1 (es) 1987-10-16
JPH0734016B2 (ja) 1995-04-12
CA1257542A (en) 1989-07-18
DK170352B1 (da) 1995-08-07
ATE84619T1 (de) 1993-01-15
BR8506732A (pt) 1986-09-23
DK11186A (da) 1986-01-10
JPS61502214A (ja) 1986-10-02
FI91565C (fi) 1994-07-11
US4727019A (en) 1988-02-23

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