CN1981892B - Concentrated irradiation type radiotherapy apparatus - Google Patents

Concentrated irradiation type radiotherapy apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1981892B
CN1981892B CN2006101659717A CN200610165971A CN1981892B CN 1981892 B CN1981892 B CN 1981892B CN 2006101659717 A CN2006101659717 A CN 2006101659717A CN 200610165971 A CN200610165971 A CN 200610165971A CN 1981892 B CN1981892 B CN 1981892B
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China
Prior art keywords
blade
ray
treatment
area
radiotherapy apparatus
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CN2006101659717A
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CN1981892A (en
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尾嵜真浩
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Canon Medical Systems Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2002236506A external-priority patent/JP4119202B2/en
Priority claimed from JP2002236505A external-priority patent/JP4256127B2/en
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Publication of CN1981892A publication Critical patent/CN1981892A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1042—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
    • G21K1/046—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers varying the contour of the field, e.g. multileaf collimators

Abstract

A concentrated irradiation type radiotherapy apparatus comprises a radiation source, a multi-channeled radiation detector, a rotating mechanism, an image reconstruction unit, a multi-leaf collimator disposed between the radiation source and the subject to trim the radioactive rays in arbitrary shapes and including a plurality of first leaves and a plurality of second leaves each disposed to be individually movable forwards/backwards and each having a strip shape and in which types of the first leaves are different from those of the second leaves.

Description

Cover type radiotherapy apparatus
To be the application number that proposed on August 14th, 2003 be " 03154307.3 ", denomination of invention dividing an application for the invention application of " cover type radiotherapy apparatus " to the application.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of X-of comprising ray computer chromatography (CT, computertomography) the cover type radiotherapy apparatus of function.
Background technology
The X-ray CT apparatus is based on the data reconstructed image data that sees through object.After deliberation the X-ray CT apparatus repacked into concentrate the radial pattern radiotherapy apparatus.For this reason, replace the X-ray tube with X-ray tube with high dose specification.Increase by a multi-blade collimator in X-ray tube front.This multi-blade collimator comprises a plurality of blades that can independent forward/backward move.Through forward/backward control blade, might be according to the shape of the Adjusting Shape X-ray of treatment target.
For conventional radiotheraphy equipment, need object be moved to radiotherapy apparatus from the X-ray CT apparatus.Cover type radiotherapy apparatus finishes up to treatment from beginning to obtain to be used for localized image, carries out sequence of operations.In cover type radiotherapy apparatus, object placement again.
Therefore, realized the minimizing of treatment time.Owing to reduced to have improved the treatment precision from navigating to the probability that object's position departs from during the begin treatment.This superiority is unique, and irradiation type radiotherapy apparatus demonstrates the trend of further popularizing in this class set.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cover type radiotherapy apparatus, wherein in therapeutic process, can further be confirmed by area for treatment and irradiation concentrated area by image.
Second purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cover type radiotherapy apparatus, realizes simultaneously that wherein therapeutic efficiency and exposure reduce.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention is to reduce the time deviation of treatment beginning in the cover type radiotherapy apparatus.
According to one aspect of the invention, a kind of cover type radiotherapy apparatus is provided, comprising: radioactive source is used to produce the lonizing radiation of treating usefulness; The multichannel radiation detector is used to survey the lonizing radiation through object; Rotary apparatus is used for this object this radioactive source of rotation and radiation detector relatively; Image reconstruction unit is used for the output reconstructed image data according to this radiation detector; Multi-blade collimator; Be arranged between this radioactive source and this object; Be used for lonizing radiation are shaped as arbitrary shape, this multi-blade collimator comprises a plurality of first blades and a plurality of second blade, but each blade is arranged to the forward/backward self-movement; And each blade is bar shaped, and the type of first blade is different from second blade; And control unit, be used to control this multichannel radiation detector and this image reconstruction unit, so that the lonizing radiation that see through this object are detected, and when radioactive source produces, carry out view data at the lonizing radiation that are used to treat and rebuild.
To propose other purposes of the present invention and advantage in the explanation below, part purpose and advantage can obviously be found out by explanation, perhaps can learn through enforcement of the present invention.Mask body provides under utilizing device and combination can realize objects and advantages of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Be included in the description and constitute the accompanying drawing of a description part, describe in detail, embodiment of the present invention is described, be used to explain principle of the present invention with front general description that provides and the embodiment that the back provides.
Fig. 1 representes the structure of first embodiment of the invention cover type radiotherapy apparatus;
The structure of Fig. 2 A multi-blade collimator in the 2D presentation graphs 1;
Fig. 3 A, 3B represent first modified example of multi-blade collimator;
Second modified example of multi-blade collimator in Fig. 4 presentation graphs 1;
Fig. 5 finishes the flow chart of a series of flow processs for being illustrated among first embodiment to treatment from planned treatment;
Fig. 6 is illustrated in an illustration picture that shows among the S103 of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 A is the supplementary notes figure of the S107 aperture control of Fig. 5 to 7D;
An illustration picture that is shown among the S110 of Fig. 8 presentation graphs 5;
An illustration picture that is shown among the S110 of Fig. 5 when Fig. 9 representes positioning runout takes place;
The 3rd modified example of multi-blade collimator in Figure 10 A, the 10B presentation graphs 1;
The 4th modified example of multi-blade collimator in Figure 11 A, the 11B presentation graphs 1;
Figure 12 representes the structure of second embodiment of the invention cover type radiotherapy apparatus;
Figure 13 representes the structure of multi-blade collimator among Figure 12;
Figure 14 sets the not flow chart of the process of irradiation area of X-ray for expression through the treatment planning systems of Figure 12;
Figure 15 representes the corresponding one routine display image with the S203 of Figure 14;
Figure 16 be among Figure 14 S205 to the auxiliary view of S207;
Figure 17 be among Figure 14 S208 to the auxiliary view of S210;
Figure 18 is the flow chart of treatment operating process in the treatment/scanning monitor control down that is illustrated in Figure 12;
Figure 19 A is the auxiliary view of S226 among Figure 18 to 19D;
Figure 20 representes the operation to S229 through S227 among Figure 18, and the X-ray on X-ray tube swing-around trajectory is not between the light period;
Figure 21 representes the operation to S229 through S227 among Figure 18, and the X-ray on the time shaft is not between the light period;
Figure 22 is the flow chart of the treatment that is illustrated in Figure 12/another process that scanning monitor control is treated down;
Figure 23 be with Figure 18 in the relevant auxiliary view of another operation of S228;
Figure 24 is the key diagram of another operation of S228 among Figure 18;
Figure 25 representes the shutoff operation of blade between the CP1 of Figure 24 (95 °) and CP5 (98 °);
Figure 26 representes the shutoff operation of blade between the CP2 of Figure 24 (142 °) and CP6 (145 °);
Figure 27 representes the structure according to the cover type radiotherapy apparatus of embodiment of the invention 3-1;
Figure 28 is the plane graph of multi-blade collimator structure among expression Figure 27;
Figure 29 is the flow chart from prescan to a series of flow processs of treatment end among the expression embodiment 3-1;
Figure 30 A is a sequential chart, and the CT meansigma methods begins with prescan and change of time afterwards among the expression embodiment 3-1;
Figure 30 B is a sequential chart, and the tube voltage of the first beam scanner system X-ray tube that is used to form images among the expression embodiment 3-1 and electric current are over time;
Figure 30 C is a sequential chart, and the tube voltage of the second beam scanner system X-ray tube that is used to treat among the expression embodiment 3-1 and electric current are over time;
Figure 31 representes the area-of-interest (ROI) of the S303 of Figure 29;
Figure 32 A representes that to 32D prescan time started t0 arrived in the time between the treatment time started t1 among Figure 30, the x-ray irradiation state of first and second beam scanner systems;
Figure 33 A representes that to 33D treatment time started t1 arrived in the time between the treatment concluding time t2 among Figure 30, the x-ray irradiation state of first and second beam scanner systems;
Figure 34 representes the structure according to the cover type radiotherapy apparatus of embodiment of the invention 3-2;
Figure 35 is for beginning to the flow chart of a series of flow processs of treatment end from prescan among the expression embodiment 3-2;
Figure 36 A, 36B represent S321 and the S327 to Figure 35, the aperture of multi-blade collimator;
Figure 37 A, 37B are sequential chart, are illustrated among the embodiment 3-2, and with beginning back CT meansigma methods, and X-ray tube tube voltage and electric current are over time when prescan begins; And
Figure 38 A representes to treat among the embodiment 3-2 irradiating state of X-ray in the zero hour to the time of treating between the finish time to 38D.
The specific embodiment
Below, will through most preferred embodiment cover type radiotherapy apparatus of the present invention be described with reference to accompanying drawing.The lonizing radiation that will be used to treat usually are called the X-ray, but are not limited thereto.For cover type radiotherapy apparatus, in conjunction with the serial movement of the relative object of radioactive source (patient), dynamically control the aperture of collimator, and thin narrow lonizing radiation are focused on object consistently by on the therapentic part.Therefore, in therapeutic equipment, with higher-energy therapeutical effect is imposed on by therapentic part selectively, and make the exposure at other healthy positions minimum.Here, with describing the example that radioactive source moves along circular orbit, but the motion track of radioactive source is not limited thereto.
In this example, cover type radiotherapy apparatus comprises a basic structure identical with the X-ray CT apparatus.Identical with the X-ray CT apparatus; Cover type radiotherapy apparatus has polytype; Like X-ray tube and radiation detector as parts around the rotation of object rotation/rotary-type; Wherein big amount detector is arranged to annular, and only the X-ray tube around object rotation fixing/rotary-type, the present invention can be applicable to any type.Rotation/rotary-type will be described here.In order to rebuild chromatography X-radiographic image data, need the about 360 ° data for projection of object one circle to a section.Even in half scan method, also need the data for projection at 180 °+fan angle.The present invention is applicable to any method for reconstructing.Half preferable scan method of temporal resolution will be described as an example here.As the mechanism that incident X-ray is converted to electric charge, mainly tend to use fluorescent element to convert the X-ray to light through such as scintillator, further light is converted to the indirect conversion system of electric charge then through photoelectric conversion device such as photodiode; With in quasiconductor, produce electron-hole pair through the X-ray, and electron-hole pair is moved in the electrode, promptly utilize the direct converting system of photoconductive phenomenon.Though can use arbitrary system, but a kind of indirect conversion system before here describing as the X-ray detecting device.In recent years, wherein many that X-ray tube and X-ray detector are installed in the commercialization of the spherical device product of so-called multitube on the rotating ring is developed, and peripheral techniques is also developed.The present invention is applicable to spherical equipment of traditional single tube or the spherical equipment of multitube.The spherical equipment of single tube will be described here.
(first embodiment)
Fig. 1 representes the structure of the cover type radiotherapy apparatus of first embodiment of the invention.This cover type radiotherapy apparatus comprises a stand 1100.This stand 1100 comprises that being arranged to rotary middle spindle RA to be the rotating ring 1102 of center rotation.The X-ray tube 1101 that is used to produce the relative higher dosage lonizing radiation that are used to treat is installed to this rotating ring 1102.The central shaft of the X-ray flux that X-ray tube 1101 sends (X-ray center axle) XC and rotary middle spindle RA meet at right angle.Multichannel X-ray detector 1103 is installed to rotating ring 1102.Be arranged to this multichannel X-ray detector 1103 relative with this X-ray tube 1101.X-ray detector 1103 comprises single X-ray detecting device array or a plurality of X-ray detecting device array.An X-ray detecting device array comprises along x-ray focus being a plurality of X-ray detecting devices of the circular arc setting at center.The former is called the X-ray detector that is used for single section, and the latter is called and is used for many sections or two dimension array type X-ray detector.
Note, suppose that rotary middle spindle RA is the Z-axle, and definition is the rotary coordinate system at center with the Z-axle.In this situation, XC is defined as the Y-axle with X-ray center axle, and will be defined as the X-axle with the rectangular axle of ZY-axle.Below suitably use this XYZ axle.
Multi-blade collimator 1108 is arranged between X-ray tube 1101 and the rotary middle spindle RA.In fact, multi-blade collimator 1108 is fixed in the x-ray radiation window of X-ray tube 1101.This multi-blade collimator 1108 is the peculiar a kind of component devices of this therapeutic equipment, and is arranged to can the X-ray that X-ray tube 1101 focuses are sent be adjusted to and can has arbitrary shape and size at an arbitrary position.
Shown in Fig. 2 A, multi-blade collimator 1108 comprises a plurality of blades 1201,1203. Blade 1201,1203 is bar shaped, and the width on rotary middle spindle RA is 1mm.With each blade be arranged to be parallel to the X-axle independently forward/backward move.Along the Z-axle a plurality of blades 1201,1203 are set.The setting adjacent one another are of blade 1201,1203 relative X-axles constitutes a pair of.In Fig. 2 A, express 9 pairs.
Other blades 1201 of X-radiant transmittance and four couple who is arranged on each side that relative Z-axle is positioned at intermediary at least one pair of blade 1203 are different, shown in Fig. 2 C.The X-radiant transmittance is defined as the ratio (Iout/Iin) of Transmission X-roentgendosis Iout and incident x-ray dose Iin.The blade 1201 of both sides has the X-radiant transmittance of expression zero or approximate null value relatively.The blade 1201 of both sides has stopped the X-ray basically relatively.On the other hand, the X-radiant transmittance of intermediate blade 1203 is higher than the absorbance of the blade 1201 of relative both sides, is not no anyly see through damply at the X-of this place ray, and promptly absorbance is greater than 0 and less than 1.0.Thereby shown in Fig. 2 D, two intermediate blades 1203 do not stop the X-ray fully, and have to see through according to X-radiant transmittance and incident x-ray dose and be attenuated the function than low dosage X-ray.The X-radiant transmittance of two intermediate blades 1203 is designed to, the safety criterion when making the x-ray dose that sees through satisfy imaging, and satisfy metering commonly used when forming images basically.
Shown in Fig. 2 B; The blade 1201 of opposite side has a kind of like this structure, wherein with one by having high attenuation quotient, and has and obtains zero or the shutter 1205 that constitutes such as lead of the necessary thickness of approximate zero X-radiant transmittance; Paste for example iron plate 1207, be used to compensate hardness.On the other hand, intermediate blade 1203 has a kind of like this structure, wherein will be pasted on the same iron plate 1207 less than the plate (diffusing panel) 1209 that the material such as Mo of lead constitutes by attenuation quotient.For ordinary movement mechanism, diffusing panel 1209 shutters 1205 best and blade 1201 of blade 1203 have same thickness.
Notice that diffusing panel 1209 needn't be made up of different materials with shutter 1205.For example, can constitute each plate, and can component ratio plumbous in the diffusing panel 1209 be designed to less than shutter 1205, obtain the above-mentioned X-radiant transmittance relation of blade 1201 and 1203 by lead-containing alloy.Perhaps, like Fig. 3 A, shown in the 3B; Shutter 1205 is for example stereotype; The diffusing panel 1213 of blade 1203 also is the stereotype of same material, but the diffusing panel 1213 of blade 1203 is formed thinner than shutter 1205, thereby can obtain this X-radiant transmittance relation between blade 1201 and 1203.
In the superincumbent description, the centre of blade 1203 formations with high x-ray absorbance is right, but as shown in Figure 4; A plurality of intermediate blades of relative both sides; Be 3 here, it is right that the blade 1203 that promptly has a high x-ray absorbance also can constitute a plurality of centres, is three pairs here.
Return Fig. 1.X-ray detector 1103 links to each other with the data acquisition circuit 1104 of so-called data collecting system (DAS).Data acquisition circuit 1104 has and converts the output of X-ray detector 1103 each passage (current signal) to voltage signal, amplifies this signal, and this conversion of signals is become the effect of digital signal.DAS 1104 links to each other with preprocessor 1106 via non-contact type data link 1105, and pretreatment is used to proofread and correct the heterogeneity between the DAS output channel, and the medium in the non-contact type data link 1105 is light and magnetic.Be kept in the auxilary unit 1112 through pretreated data (data for projection).
Auxilary unit 1112 links to each other with system controller 1111 through data/control bus.This system controller 1111 passes through this data/control bus and equipment for reconstructing image 1114, display device 1116, and input equipment 1115, treatment planning systems 1113 links to each other with treatment/scanning monitor 1110.Equipment for reconstructing image 1114 is according to the data for projection reconstructed image data.This input equipment 1115 comprises the positioner such as mouse, keyboard and x-ray irradiation emergency stop push button.Treatment planning systems 1113 calculates lonizing radiation on the basis of X-ray output dose characteristic curve data and chromatography X-radiographic image data internal dose distributes.The aperture that this treatment planning systems 1113 calculates multi-blade collimators 1108 and X-ray tube through input equipment 1115 settings are relatively by the relation between the anglec of rotation of area for treatment.Treatment planning systems 1113 also comprises another support function except that treatment, so that carry out the optimum irradiation.Treatment/scanning monitor 1110 control stands 1100 and high tension generator 1109, thus the therapeutic scheme of deferring to treatment planning systems 1113 designs is treated.
Fig. 5 representes the flow process of the sequence of operations that the therapeutic process of first embodiment is required.Before treatment, at first under the control of treatment/scanning monitor 1110, scan (S101).Scanning is a kind of operation that is used to obtain the inside chromatography X-radiographic image data of object, and is that with the maximum different of treatment the x-ray dose of X-ray tube 1101 generations is lower.Thereby treatment/scanning monitor 1110 will send to high tension generator 1109 with relatively low tube voltage and electric current control signal corresponding.Treatment/scanning monitor 1110 provides with respect to multi-blade collimator driving device 110 and opens 1203 one-tenth maximums diameter of hole of intermediate blade fully, and closes the required control signal of other blade 1201 fully.In this state, rotating ring 1102 rotates continuously, gives off the X-ray continuously or with gap, the X-ray that detector 1103 is seen through with predetermined sampling frequency duplicate detection.
Equipment for reconstructing image 1114 is rebuild chromatography X-radiographic image data (S102) according to the data for projection of scanning collection.In display device 1116, show this chromatography X-ray image.Fig. 6 representes the routine chromatography X-ray image that shown.On this image, the operator sketches the contours of by the profile of area for treatment through the operation of input equipment 1115.Therefore, set by oblique line represent by area for treatment (S103).
Based on set by the position of area for treatment, size and dimension, the aperture (S104) that treatment planning systems 1113 calculates multi-blade collimator 1108 each blade 1201,1203 to each small anglec of rotation of X-ray tube 1101.Note, the aperture of blade 1201,1203 is defined as the displacement of distance center line.When the aperture of blade 1201,1203 independently is set, can be according to by the configuration design aperture of area for treatment.
Through these operations, though do not express, the setting of illuminate condition when having accomplished treatment, and the aperture (S105) of each blade 1201,1203 of initial setting.Afterwards, at any time can begin treatment (S106).Treatment/scanning monitor 1110 provides and relative upper pipe voltage and current control signal corresponding, and the relative higher dosage X-ray that is used to treat makes public.In this state, rotating ring 1102 rotates continuously, the X-ray that the Continuous irradiation high dose is used to treat, and dynamically change the aperture (S107) of each blade 1201,1203 that previous calculations goes out according to the anglec of rotation of X-ray tube 1101.Therefore, like Fig. 7 A, 7B, 7C shown in the 7D, during rotation, uses the thin X-ray that is adjusted to by the aperture of collimator 1108 according to by the area for treatment profile, with high dose light beam form constant illumination by area for treatment.
During treating, the high dose X-ray that sends from X-ray tube 1101 passes the aperture of collimator 1108 undampedly.In addition, this ray is decayed by the non-vanishing blade 1203 of middle X-radiant transmittance, and sees through blade 1203.Use low dosage X-ray that obtains through decay and the high dose x-ray irradiation object that is used to treat, and survey the X-ray that sees through this object with X-ray detector 1103.Thereby, collect data for projection (S108).Note,, decay and the X-ray that sees through has relative higher dosage equally through this object through multi-blade collimator 1108 usefulness high dose x-ray irradiation objects.On the other hand, through the intermediate blade 1203 usefulness low dosage x-ray irradiation objects of multi-blade collimator 1108, also has relatively low dosage through decay of this object and the X-ray that sees through.Through the mode same, the dynamic range of detector 1103 and DAS 1104 is set on the basis than low dosage X-ray here, with scanning process.Therefore, the X-ray of higher dosage makes this dynamic range saturated relatively, and is detected as the maximum of this scope.
Equipment for reconstructing image 1114 is rebuild chromatography X-radiographic image data (S109) on the basis to one group of data for projection of+α.This process of reconstruction is a real-time process.That is equipment for reconstructing image 1114 real-time reconstruction chromatography X-radiographic image data in the lonizing radiation that generation is used to treat basically.The chromatography X-radiographic image data of being rebuild is presented at (S110) in the display device 1116 immediately.Rotate 180 ° in therapeutic process+α angular range repeats this reconstruction and display operation in required time continuously, thereby will comprise by the section shape of area for treatment and form images into dynamic image.
Fig. 8 representes the routine chromatography X-ray image that shown.As stated, the X-ray of the aperture illumination through multi-blade collimator 1108 has higher dosage, thereby this dosage is surveyed the maximum for X-ray detector 1103 and data acquisition circuit 1104 dynamic ranges.Therefore, maximal density ground is carried out to picture to the X-field of radiation of concentrating through rotation (concentrated area).On the other hand, the X-ray that shines through multi-blade collimator 1108 intermediate blades 1203 has than low dosage, can effectively use the dynamic range of detector 1103 and DAS1104, and can be carried out to picture to the tissue morphology of reflection X-gamma ray absorption coefficient difference.The operator will represent that the darkest position confirms as the zone (concentrated area) that the X-ray is concentrated.With this zone simultaneously, can observe out is not the tissue morphology with the zone of this concentrated area.
Here, during treating, depart from by area for treatment sometimes the concentrated area, and this is because the motion of subject's body.Fig. 9 representes a routine chromatography X-ray image of this situation.Color is shown as black than the concentrated area, depths.In addition, can find out by the image of area for treatment and depart from this concentrated area, and be reflected.According to this image, the operator confirms by the departure degree of the relative concentrated area of area for treatment, and presses the irradiation emergency stop push button of input equipment 1115.After the action of this irradiation emergency stop push button, treatment/scanning monitor 1110 identifies imports emergency stop command (S111), and in emergency circumstances stops with the necessary measurement of x-ray irradiation object (S112).Usually, in case of emergency stop tube voltage being imposed on X-ray tube 1101, and stop the carrier pipe electric current from high tension generator 1109.But, when X-ray tube 1101 comprises shutter device replacement stopping to apply tube voltage and tube current is provided, perhaps when stopping to apply tube voltage and tube current is provided, can close the shutter reply and promptly stop.
Notice that even by the position deviation concentrated area of area for treatment, and position deviation is less, has perhaps solved position deviation, and have the trend of returning initial position, preferably as promptly not stopping such treatment that continues.In this situation, the operator points out to depart from the high density concentrated area basically, and can the top visual identity of chromatography X-ray image go out by the center of area for treatment.Therefore, recomputate the aperture of blade 1201,1203 immediately by treatment planning systems 1113, and can forward processing procedure to aperture control according to result of calculation.
On chromatography X-ray image, do not produce, when perhaps position deviation is more small, do not import emergency stop command by the position deviation of the relative concentrated area of area for treatment.Repeating step S107 is to S111, up at S113 fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen foot therapy termination condition.When at S113 fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen foot therapy termination condition, finish treatment (S114).
In this way, according to present embodiment, during treating, will be shown as the form that aspect graph looks like to add surrounding tissue by area for treatment.In addition,, can monitor the position deviation between this zone and the image immediately, can promptly stop if desired because the irradiation concentrated area is shown as deeplyer on image.Thereby, the safety in the time of can strengthening treatment.
Notice that in above description, the X-radiant transmittance of intermediate blade 1203 is higher than other blades 1201 in the blade that constitutes multi-blade collimator 1108.This is in order to realize that form forms images, to be avoided the dynamic area saturated, and reduce by the exposure of normal region beyond the area for treatment.Width through making multi-blade collimator 1108 intermediate blades 1215 like Figure 10 A, shown in the 10B, also can be realized identical purpose less than blade 1201 in addition.On the x-ray dose basis that is used to treat, confirm the width of two intermediate blades 1215, make x-ray dose not make dynamic range saturated, and satisfy the safety standards when forming images, and satisfy the common dose when forming images substantially through this width slit.
The plate 1219 of intermediate blade 1215 is made up of shutter 1205 identical materials with another blade 1201, and like lead, thickness is identical.In this embodiment, the X-radiant transmittance of intermediate blade 1215 is zero, is equal to another blade 1201 and has the property of blocking.
When treatment, open intermediate blade 1215 fully.Because reduced the width of intermediate blade 1215, be shaped as carefullyyer through this slit, see through this object, and the X-ray that is incident on the detector 1103 has than low dosage, do not make the dynamic range of detector 1103 and DAS1104 saturated.Therefore, can guarantee being carried out to picture by the form of area for treatment and surrounding tissue.When not needing image monitor in the therapeutic process, according to by the aperture of area for treatment control intermediate blade 1215, thereby can avoid unnecessary exposure.In addition, in therapeutic process, open intermediate blade 1215 fully, surveillance map as the time, the structure that can use the relative rotary middle spindle RA of rotating ring 1102 to tilt is to reduce the exposure of normal region.
Can improve this embodiment shown in the 11B like Figure 11 A.That is, all blades of formation multi-blade collimator 1108 can be made up of the intermediate blade with identical less width 1215.In this situation, can be similar to collimator aperture by the profile of non-area for treatment.
(second embodiment)
Figure 12 representes the structure of second embodiment of the invention cover type radiotherapy apparatus.This cover type radiotherapy apparatus comprises a stand 2100.This stand 2100 comprises that being arranged to rotary middle spindle RA to be the rotating ring 2102 of center rotation.The X-ray tube 2101 that is used to produce the lonizing radiation that relative higher dosage is used to treat is installed to this rotating ring 2102 relatively with rotary middle spindle RA, promptly is installed in central shaft (the X-ray center axle) XC and the rectangular position of rotary middle spindle RA of the X-ray flux that X-ray tube 2101 sends.Multichannel X-ray detector 2103 is installed on the rotating ring 2102, relatively the relative position of rotary middle spindle RA and X-ray tube 2101.Multichannel X-ray detector 2103 comprises edge and rotary middle spindle RA and the rectangular substantially direction of X-ray center axle XC, a plurality of X-ray detecting devices that in fact are provided with along the circular arc that with the x-ray focus is the center.X-ray detector 2103 comprises single X-ray detecting device array or a plurality of X-ray detecting device array.The former is called the X-ray detector that is used for single section, and the latter is called and is used for many sections or two dimension array type X-ray detector.
Note, suppose that rotary middle spindle RA is the Z-axle, and use the definition of XY coordinate system with the rotary coordinate system of Z-axle as the center.In this situation, XC is defined as the Y-axle with X-ray center axle, and will be defined as the X-axle with the axle that the ZY-axle meets at right angle.Below suitably use this XYZ axle.
Removable multi-blade collimator 2108 is arranged between X-ray tube 2101 and the rotary middle spindle RA.In fact, multi-blade collimator 2108 is fixed in the x-ray irradiation window of X-ray tube 2101.This multi-blade collimator 2108 is the peculiar a kind of component devices of this therapeutic equipment, and is arranged to can the X-ray that X-ray tube 2101 focuses are sent be adjusted to and has arbitrary shape and size at an arbitrary position.
Shown in figure 13, multi-blade collimator 2108 comprises a plurality of blades 2201, and each blade is arranged to and can be moved along X-axle forward/backward, and each blade is the bar shaped of 1mm for rotary middle spindle RA goes up thickness.In fact, suppose that X-ray center axle XC is a centrage, two blade 2201 formations are a pair of, open in both sides via centrage.Be set up in parallel here many to blade, promptly 9 pairs.
X-ray detector 2103 links to each other with the data acquisition circuit 2104 of so-called data collecting system (DAS).Data acquisition circuit 2104 has and converts the output of X-ray detector 2103 each passage (current signal) to voltage signal, amplifies this signal, and this conversion of signals is become the effect of digital signal.DAS2104 links to each other with preprocessor 2106 via non-contact type data link 2105, and pretreatment is used to proofread and correct the heterogeneity between the DAS output channel, and the medium in the non-contact type data link 2105 is light and magnetic.Be kept in the auxilary unit 2112 through pretreated data (data for projection).
Auxilary unit 2112 links to each other with system controller 2111 through data/control bus.This system controller 2111 passes through this data/control bus and equipment for reconstructing image 2114, display device 2116, and input equipment 2115, treatment planning systems 2113 links to each other with treatment/scanning monitor 2110.Equipment for reconstructing image 2114 is according to the data for projection reconstructed image data.This input equipment 2115 comprises positioner and the keyboard such as mouse.This treatment planning systems 2113 is prepared therapeutic scheme.Treatment/scanning monitor 2110 control stands 2100 and high tension generator 2109 are treated thereby defer to therapeutic scheme.
Treatment planning systems 2113 has the function of on the basis of X-ray output dose characteristic curve data and chromatography X-radiographic image data, calculating the distribution of lonizing radiation internal dose.Treatment planning systems 2113 comprise the aperture of calculating multi-blade collimator 2108 and the X-ray tube set through input equipment 2115 relatively by the relation between the anglec of rotation of area for treatment.In addition, but this treatment planning systems 2113 comprises and obtain therapeutic efficiency with compatibility mode reduces the peculiar function of relevant present embodiment with exposure.
In the present embodiment, in order to reduce with compatibility mode acquisition therapeutic efficiency and exposure simultaneously, in object rotation a period of time once, suspend with this object of x-ray irradiation at X-ray tube 2101.Treatment planning systems 2113 comprises to be confirmed and the function of suspending with the corresponding that part of rotational time of x-ray irradiation (below this part-time is called the irradiation time out, the X-ray is irradiation time or irradiation binding hours not).Below this function will be described.
Figure 14 representes to confirm the not process of irradiation time of X-ray.At first, with relatively low dosage sweep object, and gather to rebuild X-ray tomographic map data required for example 180 °+α ° data for projection (S201).In equipment for reconstructing image 2114, on the data for projection basis of being gathered, rebuild chromatography X-radiographic image data (S202), and in display device 2116, show.Notice that institute images displayed center is identical with the initial point of displaing coordinate system, and is equivalent to rotary middle spindle RA.
Shown in figure 15, operator (surgical operation person) specifies one P1 at the chromatography X-ray image that is shown on by area for treatment through input equipment 2115, and in important area, specifies 1 P2 (S203) in addition.Note, can specify a plurality of points by a plurality of relatively important areas.Important area has higher relatively X-ray sensitivity (X-gamma ray absorption coefficient), and is a kind ofly to receive x-ray irradiation exposure to influence relatively large zone, and exemplary that should the zone comprises bone, glandular system and testis.
In the present embodiment, when limiting, realize the exposure of important area is reduced with X-ray direct irradiation important area.When limiting,, important regional exposure obtained the effect that suppression therapy efficient reduces when being reduced with X-ray direct irradiation.Just, in therapeutic process, X-ray tube 2101 moves along circular orbit.In the orbiting process, important area is in X-ray tube 2101 and by between the area for treatment, exists by area for treatment to be hidden in the part-time behind the important area X-ray shade wholly or in part.
In this part-time, use by the x-ray irradiation of the big high attenuation of important area by area for treatment.Thereby, actual arrival by the ratio of the x-ray dose of area for treatment and patient's x-ray radiation dosage, promptly therapeutic efficiency reduces.When x-ray irradiation is used in restriction in this part-time, can avoid therapeutic efficiency to reduce.
Treatment planning systems 2113 is searched for surrounding pixel from the expansion that begun by specified 1 P1 as starting point on the area for treatment of image; The CT value is implemented threshold process; Perhaps carry out existing extracted region process,, extract the zone (S204) of being treated like additive process.Equally, treatment planning systems 2113 specified 1 P2 as starting point from the important area of image begins, and extracts important area.
Then, shown in figure 16, treatment planning systems 2113 calculate external extract by the circle of area for treatment (circumscribed circle) (S205).Equally, treatment planning systems 2113 calculates the circle (circumscribed circle) of the external important area that extracts.Treatment planning systems 2113 calculates to X-ray tube 2101 each little anglec of rotation the aperture of each blade 2201 in the multi-blade collimator 2108 based on by external radius of a circle of area for treatment and position.Note, the aperture of blade 2201 is defined as the displacement apart from collimator 2108 centrages.When each blade 2201 of setting was directed against the aperture of each anglec of rotation, in each position of X-ray tube 2101 moving tracks, the X-ray was all aimed at by area for treatment, and can irradiation be concentrated on by on the area for treatment.
After this, treatment planning systems 2113 calculate simultaneously with by area for treatment and the tangent tangent line T1 of important area circumscribed circle, T2, T3, T4 (S206).It is known being used for calculating with two mutually tangent methods of circle, and through finding the solution following simultaneous equations, can draw tangent line.Note, suppose by the circumscribed circle center of area for treatment for (a1 b1), is r1 by the circumscribed circle external diameter of area for treatment, and the circumscribed circle center of important area is that (a2, b2), the circumradius of important area is r2.Suppose that also the tangent slope that is obtained is m, intercept is β.
(m·a1-b1+β) 2＝r1·(1+m)
(m·a2-b2+β) 2＝r2·(1+m)
According to four tangent line T1 that calculate among the S206, T2, T3; T4; Treatment planning systems 21 13 is selected two between by area for treatment circumscribed circle and important area circumscribed circle, the tangent line T1 that perhaps intersects each other between specified some P1 and the P2 on by area for treatment and important area, T2 (S207).As can knowing from Figure 17, tangent line T1 representes to be begun to carry out by area for treatment the boundary line of important area X-ray shade, and another tangent line T2 representes to be left fully by area for treatment the boundary line of important area X-ray shade.
In addition, calculate selected two tangent line T1, four some CP1 that the swing-around trajectory of T2 and X-ray tube 2101 intersects, CP2, CP3, CP4 (S208).From four some CP1, CP2, CP3 selects two near the some CP1 of important area center, CP2 (S209) among the CP4.Calculate two selected some CP1, the starting point of CP2 is promptly around the angle (S210) of rotary middle spindle RA.For example, the anglec of rotation that calculates intersection point CP1 is 95 °, and the anglec of rotation that calculates intersection point CP2 is 145 °.Treatment planning systems 2113 is set at X-ray not illuminated portion or X-ray restricted part (S211) with 95 ° that are calculated to 145 ° angular ranges.
Figure 18 representes to treat/the treatment operating process of scan control 2110.At first, treatment/scanning monitor 2110 is set at original state (S221) with the aperture of collimator 2108 each blade.For example, when irradiation start angle when being 0 °, the aperture of each blade is set at the aperture that is equivalent to 0 ° of the anglec of rotation.
Treatment/scanning monitor 2110 offers rotating ring driving device (not shown) with triggering signal.The rotating ring driving device begins to rotate this rotating ring 2102.When the rotary speed of rotating ring 2102 reached predetermined speed, this rotating ring driving device kept certain rotation speed.When X-ray tube 2101 arrived 0 ° of irradiation start angle, this treatment/scanning monitor 2110 produced control signal with the X-ray and sends to high tension generator 2109.It is corresponding with the illuminate condition that is designed that the X-ray produces control signal.
Therefore, between negative electrode and anode, tube voltage is imposed on X-ray tube 2101 by high tension generator 2109, heater current is provided, tube current flows, and produces the X-ray (S222) that has institute's dosage that design and shine quality by X-ray tube 2101.Continue to produce the X-ray up to till the predetermined treatment termination condition of S224 fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen foot therapy programming phase.Should be predetermined in the stage during termination condition when satisfying treatment plan, treatment/scanning monitor 2110 stops to produce the required control signal of X-ray with X-ray tube 2101 and sends to high tension generator 2109.Therefore, stop to apply tube voltage and tube current being provided to X-ray tube 2101, stop to produce X-ray (S225) from high tension generator 2109.
During treating; Treatment planning systems 2113 is according to comprising that the angle probe paired pulses of rotary encoder (not shown) counts definite X-ray tube 2101 changing anglecs of rotation; Control signal is sent to multi-blade collimator driving device 2107, dynamically change the aperture (S226) of each blade in the multi-blade collimator 2108.Thereby, like Figure 19 A, 19B, 19C shown in the 19D, in rotary course, always aims at by area for treatment according to being adjusted to than the high dose X-ray of light pencil form by the aperture of collimator 2108 by the area for treatment circumscribed circle, realizes concentrating treatment.
During treating; Shown in figure 20; When the anglec of rotation of X-ray tube 2101 reaches the starting point (is 95 ° corresponding to CP1) of the non-irradiation area that is provided with in advance (S227); Treatment planning systems 2113 control multi-blade collimator driving devices 2107, the aperture of collimator 2108 all blades 2201 is set to zero, promptly closes all blades 2201 (S228).Because blade 2201 is processed by lead, and has the property of blocking, and closes all blades 2201, utilizes the shutter effect to stop with x-ray irradiation by area for treatment.
Note, the shutter device that comprises two or multi-disc can be set between patient and X-ray tube 2101,, close shutter rather than close all blades 2201 of multi-blade collimator 2108 as between X-ray tube 2101 and collimator 2108.Compare with the blade 2201 of multi-blade collimator 2108, shutter is opening/closing more promptly.
Continue wherein multi-blade collimator 2108 all blade 2201 equal closing state, the terminal point (is 145 ° corresponding to CP2) that reaches predefined non-irradiation area until the anglec of rotation of X-ray tube 2101 (S229).When the anglec of rotation of X-ray tube 2101 arrives the end points (145 °) of this predetermined non-irradiation area, all blades 2201 of multi-blade collimator 2108 are opened into and 145 ° of apertures that the anglec of rotation is consistent, and recovery with x-ray irradiation by area for treatment.
Figure 21 representes the anglec of rotation change in time of X-ray tube 2101.In therapeutic process, X-ray tube 2101 rotates repeatedly between 0 ° to 360 ° along swing-around trajectory repeatedly.In this rotational time, moving in 95 ° the corresponding part-time in zone restriction from 145 ° with x-ray irradiation object (patient) with X-ray tube 2101.
Notice that " restriction x-ray irradiation " is defined as with the time of not limiting x-ray irradiation and compares, to patient's exposure dose decline.This comprises and stops x-ray irradiation (will be radiated at dosage on the patient and be reduced to the basic null value that is) as stated fully and the dosage that will be radiated on the patient is reduced to the degree that approaches null value that the exposure influence does not almost have.
In order in part-time, to limit x-ray irradiation, all blades 2201 have been closed above.In order in part-time, to limit x-ray irradiation, also can suspend the generation of X-ray itself.
Figure 22 representes operating process.In Figure 22, represent the step identical with the step of Figure 18 with same reference numerals.When X-ray tube in S227 2101 arrived the starting point (is 95 ° corresponding to CP1) of non-irradiation area, treatment planning systems 2113 suspended the control signal that produces the X-ray with the X-ray tube and sends to high tension generator 2109 (S230).Specifically, the high tension generator 2109 that is controlled stops to apply tube voltage, and continues to provide heater current.As well-known, the heater current heat filament has correspondingly promoted thermionic generation.Producing interval, when continuing heater current is provided, can prevent that filament temperature from descending, and keep the condition of high temperature of filament and keep thermionic generation.When stopping heater current being provided, even recover heater current is provided, also can produce the time delay that heat filament causes, until recovering to produce the X-ray.But,, can keep the condition of high temperature of filament, correspondingly recover to apply tube voltage and can not have any X-ray that lingeringly recovers to produce immediately when when the generation interval also continues heater current is provided.
Continue to stop to apply tube voltage reaches predefined non-irradiation area terminal point (is 145 ° corresponding to CP2) until the anglec of rotation of X-ray tube 2101 state (S229).When the anglec of rotation of X-ray tube 2101 reaches predefined non-irradiation area terminal point (145 °), recover to apply tube voltage (S231), and recover to produce the X-ray, thereby recover with x-ray irradiation by area for treatment.
In this way, according to the present invention, important area enters into X-ray tube 2101 and by between the area for treatment during treating, and the regional area in got into important area X-ray shade by area for treatment or suspend in the time and use the x-ray irradiation patient.Thereby, can realize reducing by the therapeutic efficiency of area for treatment with to patient's light exposure compatiblely.
Note; As stated; In angle (for example 95 °), in the zone of the angle (for example 145 °) of the boundary line T2 that is left important area X-ray shade by area for treatment fully, suspend x-ray irradiation from begun to get into the boundary line T1 the important area X-ray shade by area for treatment.But; Angle (95 °) begun to get into the boundary line T1 in the important area X-ray shade by area for treatment begins to being got into fully by area for treatment in the tiny area of important area X-ray shade; Leave important area X-ray shade in the tiny area of the angle (145 °) of the boundary line T2 that is left important area X-ray shade by area for treatment fully with being begun by area for treatment; The fan angle of may command X-ray, with the local irradiation of X-ray by area for treatment.Thereby, when in these tiny areas, during by area for treatment, can further improving therapeutic efficiency with the even local irradiation of X-ray.
Figure 23 representes this tiny area.At first, can be with beginning to be got into tiny area (beginning to shine binding hours) till the important area shade fully by area for treatment the important area X-ray shade and be set at the zone of the intersection point CP1 of T1 and swing-around trajectory from the boundary line to the intersection point CP5 of tangent line T2 and swing-around trajectory to this from being begun by area for treatment to get into.Equally, can be with beginning to left the zone that tiny area (termination time of irradiation binding hours) till the important area X-ray shade is set at the intersection point CP2 of intersection point CP6 from tangent line T4 and swing-around trajectory T2 and swing-around trajectory to the boundary line fully by area for treatment from begun to leave important area X-ray shade by area for treatment.
Through with CP1, the mode that CP2 is identical, for intersection point CP5, treatment planning systems 2113 obtains two intersection points of tangent line T2 and swing-around trajectory, selects near that point of important area centre position, and the angle that calculates selected intersection point CP5 is for example 98 °.Equally, for intersection point CP6, treatment planning systems 2113 obtains two intersection points of tangent line T4 and swing-around trajectory, selects near that point of important area center, and the angle that calculates selected intersection point CP5 is for example 142 °.
Treatment planning systems 2113 dynamically changes multi-blade collimator driving device 2107 according to the rotation of X-ray tube 2101.When X-ray tube 2101 arrived the starting point (95 °) of prime area shown in Figure 24, the blade of multi-blade collimator 2108 began to close.Along with the rotation of X-ray tube 2101, the blade aperture is closed gradually.When X-ray tube 2101 arrived this regional terminal point (98 °), each blade of collimator 2108 was closed fully.
Note, as stated, be arranged to compare each other a pair of blade of formation, only close this to a slice in the blade, and the relative direction of rotation of this blade is arranged on the front.Locating relative direction of rotation blade backwards in this prime area starting point (95 °) keeps the aperture constant.
Treatment planning systems 2113 is keeping each blade of multi-blade collimator 2108 to be in buttoned-up status from the zone of prime area terminal point (98 °) regional starting point (142 °) to next.
In addition; When X-ray tube 2101 arrives next regional terminal point (142 °), shown in figure 26, treatment planning systems 2113 control multi-blade collimator driving devices 2107; Open the aperture of multi-blade collimator 2108 each blade slightly; Along with the rotary course of blade 2201 is opened blade gradually, and when arriving next regional terminal point (145 °), open each blade of multi-blade collimator 2108 according to next regional terminal point (145 °).The blade that is opened is once pent blade, and promptly relative direction of rotation is in the blade of front side.
In this way, when the fan angle of closing the X-ray along the prime area gradually, and when in next zone, opening gradually, keep important regional exposure amount is reduced, and further improve by the therapeutic efficiency of area for treatment.
In the example of Figure 17; In the zone that comprises CP1 and CP2; The blade of multi-blade collimator 2108 is closed into a kind of like this state, wherein continues to produce the X-ray, produce but in this zone, also can suspend the X-ray through the mode identical with Figure 22 example.In this situation, preferably continue to provide heater current, and stop to apply tube voltage.
(embodiment 3-1)
Figure 27 representes the structure according to the cover type radiotherapy apparatus of embodiment of the invention 3-1.Cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to embodiment 3-1 comprises and the identical basic structure of the two spherical X-ray CT apparatus of pipe.This cover type radiotherapy apparatus comprises a stand 3001.Stand 3001 comprises that being arranged to rotary middle spindle RA to be the rotating ring 3010 of center rotation.This rotating ring 3010 comprises first and second beam scanner systems.First beam scanner system is used for imaging, and second beam scanner system is used for imaging and treatment.First beam scanner system comprises one the one X-ray tube 3101 and is installed in the multichannel X-ray detector 3103 on the rotating ring 3010.The edge direction relative with rotary middle spindle RA installed an X-ray tube 3101, promptly is installed to central shaft (the X-ray center axle) XC1 of the X-ray flux that X-ray tube 3101 sends and the position that rotary middle spindle RA meets at right angle.According to the relatively low dosage X-ray that generation is used to form images, an X-ray tube 3101 receives tube voltage that is applied and the heater current that provides from first high tension generator 3107, produces the relatively low dosage X-ray that is used to form images.
Multichannel X-ray detector 3103 is installed on the rotating ring 3010 via the relative position of rotary middle spindle RA and X-ray tube 3101.X-ray detector 3103 comprises the direction that meets at right angle with rotary middle spindle RA and X-ray center axle XC1 along basically, in fact, and along a plurality of X ray sniffers that with the x-ray focus are the circular arc setting at center.X-ray detector 3103 comprises single X-ray detecting device array or a plurality of X-ray detecting device array.The former is called the X-ray detector that is used for single section, and the latter is called and is used for many sections or two dimension array type X-ray detector.
Note, suppose that rotary middle spindle RA is the Z-axle, use the XYZ coordinate system definition with the rotary coordinate system of Z-axle as the center.In first and second beam scanner systems, define XYZ coordinate system respectively.In first beam scanner system, XC1 is defined as the Y-axle with X-axle central shaft, will be defined as the X-axle with the axle that the ZY-axle meets at right angle.In second beam scanner system, XC2 is defined as the Y-axle with X-ray center axle, will be defined as the X-axle with the axle that the ZY-axle meets at right angle.The Z-axle of two coordinate systems is identical.
One slit 3102 is set between X-ray tube 3101 and center of rotation RA.In fact, slit 3102 is installed to the x-ray irradiation window of X-ray tube 3101.On the X-of X-ray detector 3103 ray incidence surface, comprise a plurality of collimating plate independent regulation collimating plate angles so that with the convergence collimator 3104 of optical convergence on any but install.Use has the dark convergence collimator 3104 of best convergent point, makes how much convergent points of this convergence collimator 3104 identical with the x-ray focus of X-ray tube 3101.This convergence collimator 3104 has than the collimator 3204 high scattered lights of second beam scanner system removes function.
The one X-ray detector 3103 generally links to each other with the data acquisition circuit 3105 of so-called data collecting system (DAS).Data acquisition circuit 3105 has and converts the output of X-ray detector 3103 each passage (current signal) to voltage signal, amplifies this signal, and this conversion of signals is become the function of digital signal.DAS 3105 via non-contact type data link 3106 be used for that heteropical preprocessor 3108 links to each other between the DAS output channel of school, wherein the medium of non-contact type transporter 3106 is light and magnetic.Preprocessed data (data for projection) is kept in the auxilary unit 3005.
Second beam scanner system that is used to simultaneously to form images and treats comprises one the 2nd X-ray tube 3201 and is installed in a certain position on the rotating ring 3010, meets at right angle at the X-of this place ray center axle XC2 and the X-ray center axle XC1 that is in first beam scanner system on the rotary middle spindle RA.
Second high tension generator 3207 produces relatively low tube voltage and heater current and higher relatively tube voltage and heater current selectively.Tube voltage that this is relatively low and heater current produce the relatively low dosage X-ray that is used to form images.Tube voltage that this is higher relatively and heater current produce the relative higher dosage X-ray that is used to treat.
The 2nd X-ray tube 3201 receives second high tension generator 3207 relatively low tube voltage that applies and the heater current that provides, and produces the relatively low dosage X-ray that is used to form images.The 2nd X-ray tube 3201 receives second high tension generator 3207 higher relatively tube voltage that applies and the heater current that provides, and produces the relative higher dosage X-ray that is used to treat.
The 2nd X-ray detector 3203 comprises the direction that meets at right angle with rotary middle spindle RA and X-ray center axle XC2 along basically, in fact along a plurality of X-ray detecting devices that with the x-ray focus are the circular arc setting at center.X-ray detector 3203 comprises single X-ray detecting device array or a plurality of X-ray detecting device arrays.The former is called the X-ray detector that is used for single section, and the latter is called and is used for many sections or two dimension array type X-ray detector.
Multi-blade collimator 3202 is arranged between the 2nd X-ray tube 3201 and the rotary middle spindle RA.In fact, this multi-blade collimator 3202 is installed to the x-ray irradiation window of the 2nd X-ray tube 3201.Shown in figure 28, multi-blade collimator 3202 comprises a plurality of blades 3210, each blade is arranged to and can be moved along X-axle forward/backward, and each blade is the bar shaped of 1mm for rotary middle spindle RA goes up width.In fact, suppose that X-ray center axle XC2 is a centrage, two blade 3210 formations are a pair of, open to both sides through centrage.It is right along the Z-direction of principal axis a plurality of blades to be set, and is 9 pairs here.
On the X-ray incidence surface of the 2nd X-ray detector 3203, be provided with and comprise a plurality of collimating plates, regulate its angle so that with the convergence collimator 3204 of optical convergence on any respectively.Use has the dark convergence collimator 3204 of best convergent point, makes how much convergent points of this convergence collimator 3204 identical with the x-ray focus of the 2nd X-ray tube 3201.The height of assembling collimator 3204 is generally 30mm.
The 2nd X-ray detector 3203 links to each other with data acquisition circuit 3205 usually.Data acquisition circuit 3205 has and converts the output of X-ray detector 3203 each passage (current signal) to voltage signal, amplifies this signal, and this conversion of signals is become the effect of digital signal.DAS3205 via non-contact type data link 3206 be used to proofread and correct that heteropical preprocessor 3208 links to each other between the DAS output channel, wherein the medium of this non-contact type data link is light and magnetic.Be kept in the auxilary unit 3005 through pretreated data (data for projection).
Auxilary unit 3005 is through data/control bus and be used for the equipment for reconstructing image 3004 according to the data for projection reconstructed image data; Display device 3006; Comprise input equipment 3007 such as the positioner and the keyboard of mouse; Treatment planning systems 3008, treatment triggering for generating device 3009 is used to control stand 3001 and links to each other with system controller 3002 with treatment/scanning monitor 3003 that high tension generator 3107,3207 is treated according to therapeutic scheme.
Treatment planning systems 3008 calculates lonizing radiation on the basis of X-ray output dose characteristic curve data and chromatography X-radiographic image data internal dose distributes.The aperture that this treatment planning systems 3008 calculates multi-blade collimators 3202 and X-ray tube through input equipment 3007 settings are relatively by the relation between the anglec of rotation of area for treatment.
In the pre-scanning process before treatment, equipment for reconstructing image 3004 reconstructed image data immediately on the data for projection basis of gathering through first beam scanner system.View data is sent to treatment triggering for generating device 3009 immediately.
Treatment triggering for generating device 3009 comprises by the pixel value of a plurality of pixels the area-of-interest of area for treatment (CT value) from image data extraction.Treatment triggering for generating device 3009 is with the pixel value that extracts, and meansigma methods or maximum and predetermined threshold value (first threshold) compare.Be assumed to meansigma methods here.When meansigma methods met or exceeded this threshold value, treatment triggering for generating device 3009 produced the treatment triggering signal.
In addition, extract the view data that treatment triggering for generating device 3009 produces during treatment and comprise by the pixel value of a plurality of pixels in the area-of-interest of area for treatment (CT value).This treatment triggering for generating device 3009 is with the pixel value that extracts, and meansigma methods or maximum and predetermined threshold value compare.Be assumed to be meansigma methods here.When meansigma methods met or exceeded this threshold value (second threshold value), treatment triggering for generating device 3009 produced the treatment end signal.This second threshold value is higher than this first threshold.
Notice that during treating, produce the relative higher dosage X-ray that is used to treat by the 2nd X-ray tube 3201 of second beam scanner system, the part scattered ray arrives the X-ray detector 3103 of first beam scanner system.As stated, 60mm or higher convergence collimator 3104 are installed to an X-ray detector 3103 of first beam scanner system, strengthening scattered ray removal effect, but in fact can not be scattered ray incident.Thereby during treating, the part scattered ray of the X-ray that is used to treat that the 2nd X-ray tube 3201 of second beam scanner system produces arrives an X-ray detector 3103 of first beam scanner system, and CT value increases to and is higher than treatment numerical value before.Therefore, generally will treat the threshold value (second threshold value) that finishes and be set at the threshold value (first threshold) that is higher than the treatment beginning.
In addition, the threshold value that begins with treatment compares, and draws the time of begin treatment.On the other hand, can not finish threshold value and compare through finishing from treatment beginning elapsed time control treatment with treatment.That is,, can finish treatment when when treatment beginning elapsed time reaches the treatment time of initial setting.
Figure 29 representes to treat among the embodiment 3-1 flow process that finishes required sequence of operations.Figure 30 is illustrated in prescan when beginning and behind the prescan; The CT meansigma methods over time; The X-ray tube tube voltage of first beam scanner system that is used to form images and electric current over time, and the X-ray tube tube voltage of second beam scanner system that is used to treat and electric current are over time.Figure 32 is illustrated in the prescan t0 zero hour in the time cycle between the treatment t1 zero hour, the x-ray irradiation state of first and second beam scanner systems.
Before treatment, contrast agent is injected object.As stated, when injecting contrast agent, the X-ray that irradiation is used to treat.Known in this situation, from the secondary electron that contrast agent discharges, strengthened the therapeutic efficiency fruit through photoelectric effect.In order to strengthen therapeutic efficiency, when in by area for treatment, having the finite concentration contrast agent, the X-ray that irradiation is used to treat is effective.Thus, before treatment beginning, in first beam scanner system, monitor immediately by the contrast concentration of area for treatment, and when concentration increases to a certain degree begin treatment.
At first begin prescan at moment t0.In pre-scanning process, high pressure is not imposed on the X-ray tube 3201 of second beam scanner system, do not produce the relative higher dosage X-ray that is used to treat.On the other hand, in first beam scanner system, use and scan than low dosage.Just, with relatively low high pressure, for example 100kV applies an X-ray tube 3101 by high tension generator 3107, and flows through relatively low tube current, for example 120mA through the conveying control of heater current.Therefore, the X-ray tube 3101 from first beam scanner system produces the relatively low dosage X-ray that is used to form images.The one X-ray detector 3103 is surveyed the X-ray that sees through this object.Along with the rotation of rotating ring 3010, repeat this detection with constant frequency.Each rotation given angle obtains to rebuild the required data for projection (S301) to this angle of this view data.Equipment for reconstructing image 3004 reconstructed image data (S302) immediately on the data for projection basis of being gathered.View data is presented in the display device 3006, and sends to treatment triggering for generating device 3009.
In treatment triggering for generating device 3009, go out to comprise shown in Figure 31 by the pixel value of a plurality of pixels the area-of-interest of area for treatment (CT value), in advance through input equipment 3007 these area-of-interests of setting from image data extraction.For example, calculating mean value CTavg (S303).In addition, in treatment triggering for generating device 3009, the predetermined threshold of meansigma methods CTavg that is calculated and begin treatment is compared (S304).As meansigma methods CTavg during, mean that contrast agent does not fully flow in the area-of-interest less than the threshold value of this begin treatment.The threshold value that meansigma methods surpasses begin treatment means that contrast agent fully flow in this area-of-interest.
When meansigma methods CTavg was lower than the threshold value of begin treatment, repeating step S301 was to S304.Along with time lapse, the amount that contrast agent flows into area-of-interest increases.When meansigma methods CTavg met or exceeded the threshold value of begin treatment, treatment triggering for generating device 3009 produced the treatment triggering signal.Under 3003 controls of treatment/scanning monitor, according to treatment triggering signal begin treatment.That is, with relative high voltage, for example 250kV imposes on the 2nd X-ray tube 3201 from second high tension generator 3207, and flows through higher relatively tube current, for example 500mA through the supply control of heater current.Therefore; The 2nd X-ray tube of second beam scanner system produces the relative higher dosage X-ray that is used to form images, and uses according to being adjusted to the thinner relative higher dosage x-ray irradiation object that is used to treat by area for treatment by the aperture of area for treatment through multi-blade collimator 3202.Shown in figure 33, dynamically change the aperture (S306) of multi-blade collimator 3202 each blade according to the anglec of rotation of the 2nd X-ray tube 3201.Thereby, comprise rotation and use the x-ray irradiation that is used to treat selectively by area for treatment.
Even after when beginning treatment or beginning, also continue the scanning in first beam scanner system, i.e. recording projection data (S307), reconstructed image data (S308), display image data and the CT meansigma methods CTavg (S309) that calculates area-of-interest immediately immediately.During treating, in treatment triggering for generating device 3009, meansigma methods CTavg that calculates and the threshold value THend that finishes treatment are compared, the threshold value that finishes treatment is set to predetermined threshold (S310) high and begin treatment.
Meansigma methods CTavg shows that than the threshold value height that finishes treatment the concentration of contrast agent is enough to realize the given therapeutic effect in the area-of-interest.When meansigma methods CTavg reaches or when finishing the threshold value of treatment, means that contrast agent flows out area-of-interest, lowering of concentration, and can not realize given therapeutic effect.
When meansigma methods CTavg is higher than the threshold value that finishes treatment, continue the X-ray that irradiation is used to treat, and repeating step S306 is to S310.When meansigma methods CTavg reached or be lower than the threshold value that finishes treatment, treatment triggering for generating device 3009 produced the treatment end signal.
In response to the treatment end signal, second high tension generator 3207 stops to apply high pressure and heater current being provided to the 2nd X-ray tube 3201.In response to the treatment end signal, first high tension generator 3107 stops to apply high pressure and heater current being provided to an X-ray tube 3101.Therefore, finish treatment (S311).
Note, compare, draw the moment of begin treatment through threshold value with begin treatment.On the other hand, when when treatment beginning elapsed time reaches the treatment time of initial setting, can finish treatment.
In addition, in treatment/scanning monitor 3003, show that from the input of syringe (not shown) contrast agent injects the signal of state, and can finish treatment and irradiation according to this injection state.For example, when accomplishing when syringe injects the contrast agent of predetermined quantity, treatment/scanning monitor 3003 is treated at this moment or through finishing after the scheduled time.When the fault owing to syringe stops the injection of contrast agent; Treatment/scanning monitor 3003 promptly stops to apply high pressure and heater current being provided to the 2nd X-ray tube 3201 from second high tension generator 3207, and promptly stops using this object of x-ray irradiation that is used to treat.For promptly stopping,, also can stop irradiation through X-ray shutter device except stopping to apply high pressure and provide the heater current to the 2nd X-ray tube 3201 from second high tension generator 3207.
In this way, according to embodiment 3-1, the monitoring area-of-interest contrast concentration, and when concentration increases begin treatment.When contrast concentration descends, finish treatment.Therefore, reduce to treat the time deviation of beginning, can realize high therapeutic efficiency.Owing in during the treatment that begins from prescan, can identify the zone that comprises by area for treatment through image vision, but the operator in fact vision determine the state of progress of treatment.
Note, in the superincumbent description, when meansigma methods CTavg meets or exceeds the threshold value that is lower than the end treatment, finish treatment.But, also can be by treating the concluding time from the decision of treatment beginning elapsed time.
In addition, treat the concluding time by the cumulative time control of the x-ray irradiation that begins from treatment to be used to treat, and further monitor the concentration of contrast agent.Only when meansigma methods CTavg is higher than the threshold value (threshold value of in this situation, treating for time-out) of end treatment, shine the X-ray that is used to treat.On the other hand, when meansigma methods CTavg reaches or be lower than the threshold value of suspending treatment, suspend the X-ray that irradiation is used to treat.Just, only when realizing high therapeutic effect, produce the X-ray that is used to treat, thereby can keep high therapeutic efficiency.
(embodiment 3-2)
According to the cover type radiotherapy apparatus of embodiment 3-1, comprise and the identical basic structure of the two spherical X-ray CT apparatus of pipe, but comprise and the identical basic structure of a spherical X-ray CT apparatus of pipe according to the cover type radiotherapy apparatus of embodiment 3-2.The cover type radiotherapy apparatus of embodiment 3-2 is realized the supervisory function bit to contrast concentration through the mode identical with embodiment 3-1.
Figure 34 representes the structure of embodiment 3-2 cover type radiotherapy apparatus.In Figure 34, represent the composed component identical with Figure 27 with same reference numerals.The cover type radiotherapy apparatus of embodiment 3-2 only comprises and is used to second beam scanner system that forms images and treat among the embodiment 3-1 simultaneously.That is, X-ray tube 3201 is installed on the rotating ring 3010 with multichannel X-ray detector 3203.Corresponding relatively low tube voltage of relatively low dosage X-ray that high tension generator 3207 will be used to form images selectively with generation and heater current and impose on X-ray tube 3201 with corresponding upper pipe voltage relatively of relative higher dosage X-ray and heater current that generation is used to treat.X-ray tube 3201 produces the relatively low dosage X-ray that is used to form images from high tension generator 3207 receptions and generation corresponding tube voltage that applies of relatively low dosage X-ray that is used to form images and the heater current that provides.X-ray tube 3201 produces the relative higher dosage X-ray that is used to treat from high tension generator 3207 receptions and generation corresponding tube voltage that applies of relative higher dosage X-ray that is used to treat and the heater current that provides.On the X-of X-ray detector 3203 ray incidence surface, setting height(from bottom) is the convergence collimator 3104 of comprising of for example 60mm of high scattered beam removal ability.
Treatment/scanning monitor 3011 is controlled high tension generator 3207 during prescan, the relatively low dosage X-ray according to generation is used to form images offers X-ray tube 3201 with relatively low tube voltage and heater current.When the treatment beginning; These treatment/scanning monitor 3011 control high tension generators 3207; The relatively low tube voltage and the heater current that will provide according to the relatively low dosage X-ray that generation is used to form images switch to the relative higher dosage X-ray that is used to treat according to generation relative upper pipe voltage and heater current are provided.Treatment/scanning monitor 3011 is opened multi-blade collimator 3202 intermediary several blades fully, and closes other blades fully.In addition, in when beginning treatment, treatment/scanning monitor 3011 only keeps multi-blade collimator 3202 intermediary blades to open fully, and according to the aperture of further being regulated other blades by the shape of area for treatment or position.
Figure 35 representes to treat among the embodiment 3-2 flow process of required sequence of operations.When Figure 37 representes that prescan begins and the CT meansigma methods after the prescan, the tube voltage of X-ray tube 3201 and electric current are over time.Before treatment, contrast agent is injected object, and begin prescan at moment t0.At this moment, shown in Figure 36 A, open some blade fully, i.e. multi-blade collimator 3202 intermediary three blades, and close other blades (S321) fully.
In pre-scanning process, high tension generator 3207 is with relatively low high pressure, and for example 100kV imposes on X-ray tube 3201, and flows through relatively low tube current, for example 120mA through the conveying control of heater current.Therefore, X-ray tube 3201 produces the relatively low dosage X-ray that is used to form images.The finedraw that forms through three blades opening fully is adjusted to the X-ray thinner.With this object of fan-shaped x-ray irradiation.X-ray detector 3203 detects the X-ray that sees through this object.Along with the rotation of rotating ring 3010, repeat this detection with constant frequency.Each rotation given angle obtains the required data for projection for this angle (S322) of reconstructed image data.Equipment for reconstructing image 3004 reconstructed image data (S323) immediately on the data for projection basis of being gathered.View data is presented in the display device 3006, and sends to treatment triggering for generating device 3009.
In treatment triggering for generating device 3009, go out to comprise by the pixel value of a plurality of pixels in the area-of-interest of area for treatment (CT value) from image data extraction, and calculating mean value CTavg (S324) for example.In addition, in treatment triggering for generating device 3009, the predetermined threshold of meansigma methods CTavg that is calculated and begin treatment is compared (S325).When meansigma methods CTavg was lower than the threshold value of begin treatment, repeating step S322 was to S325.Along with time lapse, the quantity that contrast agent flows in the area-of-interest increases.When meansigma methods CTavg met or exceeded the threshold value of begin treatment, treatment triggering for generating device 3009 produced the treatment triggering signal.
In response to this treatment triggering signal, high tension generator 3207 is with relative high voltage, and for example 250kV imposes on X-ray tube 3201, and tube current is set at higher relatively, and 500mA for example is used for treatment.Therefore, begin to treat (S326) through relative higher dosage X-ray.Change along with tube voltage and electric current; Under the control of treatment/scan control 3011; Shown in Figure 36 B, only the intermediary blades of multi-blade collimator 3202 keep opening fully, and according to by the aperture (S327) of the shape of area for treatment or other blades of position adjustments.Through this aperture adjustment, shown in figure 37, when the thin fan-shaped X-ray that is used to form images overlaps on the pencil X-ray that is used to treat, with this object of x-ray irradiation.
Even during treating, through the mode identical with prescan, recording projection data, and by equipment for reconstructing image 3004 reconstructed image data (S328) immediately on the data for projection basis of being gathered.
During treating, a blade in the centre only, the blade when quantity is less than prescan keeps opening fully.The X-ray is shortened into very thin.Thin X-ray can not make the dynamic range of detector 3203 and DAS3205 saturated.Can produce dark image.In addition, the X-ray through according to the aperture illumination that is formed by other blades in area for treatment shape or position adjustments aperture makes the dynamic range of respective channel saturated.Through making dynamic range saturated, in the zone that thin X-ray quilt is concentrated blackout (blackout) takes place.Can the X-ray concentrated area that is used to treat be confirmed as in the zone that blackout takes place, and can be confirmed this zone and by the position deviation between the area for treatment.On the other hand, can distribution be carried out to picture to the X-gamma ray absorption coefficient to the zone except that the zone that the X-ray that is used to treat is concentrated.
The view data of being rebuild is presented in the display device 3006, and sends to treatment triggering for generating device 3009.In treatment triggering for generating device 3009, from view data, extracting what do not produce blackout is not the pixel value (CT value) that comprises by a plurality of pixels in the area-of-interest peripheral region of area for treatment, and calculating mean value CTavg (S329).
In treatment triggering for generating device 3009, meansigma methods CTavg that is calculated and the threshold value THend that finishes treatment are compared (S330).When meansigma methods CTavg is higher than the threshold value THend that finishes treatment, continue the X-ray that irradiation is used to treat.That is, repeating step S327 is to S330.When meansigma methods CTavg reached or be lower than the threshold value that finishes treatment, treatment triggering for generating device 3009 produced the treatment end signal.In response to this treatment end signal, high tension generator 3207 stops to apply high pressure and heater current being provided to X-ray tube 3201.Thereby, finish treatment (S331).
In this way, according to embodiment 3-2, the concentration of monitoring contrast agent in area-of-interest.Begin treatment when concentration increases.When contrast concentration descends, finish treatment.Reduce to treat the time deviation of beginning.Thereby, can realize high therapeutic efficiency.During the treatment that begins from prescan, through being carried out to picture to comprising by the zone of area for treatment, but and operator's vision confirm the progress of treatment.Produce blackout owing to comprise the zone of the thin X-ray of concentrated pencil that is used to treat, but vision is confirmed by the position deviation between area for treatment and the concentrated area.
Note,, when meansigma methods CTavg reaches or be lower than the threshold value that finishes treatment, finish treatment as stated through the mode identical with embodiment 3-1.But, also can be through confirming the treatment concluding time from treatment beginning elapsed time.
In addition, through the mode identical,, and further monitor the concentration of contrast agent through the accumulated time control treatment concluding time of the x-ray irradiation that begins from treatment to be used to treat with embodiment 3-1.Only when meansigma methods CTavg is higher than the threshold value (in this case for suspending the threshold value of treatment) of end treatment, shine the X-ray that is used to treat.On the other hand, when meansigma methods CTavg reaches or be lower than the threshold value of suspending treatment, suspend the X-ray that irradiation is used to treat.That is, only when realizing high curative effect, produce the X-ray that is used to treat, thereby can keep high therapeutic efficiency.
Those skilled in the art are easy to expect other advantages and modification.Thereby, specific detail and each embodiment that the present invention is not limited in the broadest sense to represent here and describes.Therefore, under the spirit or range of condition that do not depart from defined general this face of invention of accompanying claims and equivalent scope thereof, can carry out multiple modification.

Claims (11)

1. cover type radiotherapy apparatus comprises:
Radioactive source is used to produce the lonizing radiation of treating usefulness;
The multichannel radiation detector is used to survey the lonizing radiation through object;
Rotary apparatus is used for this object this radioactive source of rotation and radiation detector relatively;
Image reconstruction unit is used for the output reconstructed image data according to this radiation detector;
Multi-blade collimator; Be arranged between this radioactive source and this object; Be used for lonizing radiation are shaped as arbitrary shape, this multi-blade collimator comprises a plurality of first blades and a plurality of second blade, but each blade is arranged to the forward/backward self-movement; And each blade is bar shaped, and the type of first blade is different from second blade; And
Control unit is used to control this multichannel radiation detector and this image reconstruction unit, so that the lonizing radiation that see through this object are detected, and when radioactive source produces, carries out view data at the lonizing radiation that are used to treat and rebuilds.
2. cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the radiant transmittance of this first blade is higher than the radiant transmittance of this second blade.
3. cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the width of this first blade is less than the width of this second blade.
4. cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 2 wherein is designed to zero or approximate null value with this second blade to the radiant transmittance of the lonizing radiation that are used to treat.
5. cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 2, wherein this first blade is processed by the material that radiation attenuation coefficient is lower than the radiation attenuation coefficient of the material that constitutes this second blade.
6. cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 2, wherein this first blade is thinner than this second blade.
7. cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 1, wherein this image reconstruction unit real-time reconstruction view data when the lonizing radiation that are used to treat produce.
8. cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 7 also comprises:
Display device is used for showing immediately the view data of being rebuild; And
Hand-operating device is used to control and promptly stops this object of the radiation exposure that is used to treat.
9. cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 1, this multi-blade collimator of this control unit control wherein according to the aperture of second blade is set separately by the shape of area for treatment, and is opened this first blade fully.
10. cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 3, wherein this first blade pass is crossed the mode identical with second blade, and the lonizing radiation that are used to treat are had the property of blocking.
11. cover type radiotherapy apparatus according to claim 3, wherein this first blade is by processing with this second blade identical materials.
CN2006101659717A 2002-08-14 2003-08-14 Concentrated irradiation type radiotherapy apparatus Expired - Fee Related CN1981892B (en)

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