CN1966777B - Water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane - Google Patents
Water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN1966777B CN1966777B CN2005101104210A CN200510110421A CN1966777B CN 1966777 B CN1966777 B CN 1966777B CN 2005101104210 A CN2005101104210 A CN 2005101104210A CN 200510110421 A CN200510110421 A CN 200510110421A CN 1966777 B CN1966777 B CN 1966777B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for electrolyzing water with proton exchange membrane and providing highly pure hydrogen and oxygen for fuel cell. The device sequentially contains front side plate, diffuse plate, electric conduction plate, front special plate, H/O flow field plate, membrane electrode, and back special plate, baffle plat and rear side plate. Each of the units is round pressure-proof structure. Water, gas flow field and electric conduction plate adopts Ti alloy and other corrosion resistant alloy. Membrane electrode diffusion layer adopts carbon paper or cloth. The membrane electrode is high active 0 pole pitch electrode prepared by hot briquetting proton exchange membrane and composite Pt catalyst. The working medium of the invention is pure water, has no pollution to the environment, and can be recycled. The hydrogen and oxygen obtained from the invention has high purity and do not need complex purification treatment. Regenerative fuel cell energy storing system with high specific energy prepared by combining the invention and fuel cell can be used in various kinds of main power source and dynamical systems in spaceflight and aerobat.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrolyzer, especially a kind of water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane.
Background technology
Fuel cell is the electrochemical reaction appts that a kind of chemical energy with hydrogen and oxygen is converted into electric energy, needs only supply of hydrogen and oxygen incessantly, and power generation system just can provide electric energy continuously, and its reaction product only is a pure water.On long space vehicle of flight time, the hydrogen-oxygen source can be provided by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen gasification.But for the space vehicle of carrying out long-range mission, because the restriction of volume and weight then can not be carried a large amount of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.And the water that adopts the generating of solar cell electrolytic fuel cell to generate is produced hydrogen and oxygen, just can prolonged and repeated supply of hydrogen and oxygen.This solar energy electrolyzing water that utilizes is produced hydrogen and oxygen, again hydrogen and oxygen is referred to as the regeneratable fuel cell power generation system by the closed circuit circulatory system that electrochemical reaction of fuel battery produces electric energy.It has the specific energy height, has extended cycle life, continuously advantage such as heavy-current discharge, power-supply system with the solar battery array formation, no matter can guarantee space vehicle is during being shined upon, still entering the earth's shadow phase, can both obtain electric energy without restriction.Therefore, in conjunction with the regeneratable fuel cell power generation system that produces the first-selection of present all kinds of novel space flight and aviation aircraft primary source systems or power system by hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell technology and water electrolysis technology.
Present known water electrolysis technology adopts a kind of alkaline asbestos film water electrolyzer, and its weak point is that not only electrolytic efficiency is low, and because the electrolyte corrosion of this device is strong, environment is polluted, it is low to produce hydrogen purity simultaneously, need to use by loaded down with trivial details purification process technique.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of present known alkaline asbestos film water electrolyzer, the invention provides a kind of water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane, can produce hydrogen and oxygen provides reactant gases for fuel cell by brine electrolysis, has the electrolysis little power consumption, hydrogen of being produced and oxygen purity height, need not loaded down with trivial details follow-up purification treatment technology just can direct applied characteristic, can form the purpose with high-energy-density characteristic regeneratable fuel cell power generation system thereby reach combination.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention provides a kind of water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane, and this device comprises: front end-plate is used for the location; Be docile and obedient preface then diffuser plate is set, brine electrolysis is evenly distributed to each flow-field plate runner; Preceding conducting plates, external power source provides brine electrolysis required electric energy by it; Preceding specific panel provides water gentle equally distributed passage; Membrane electrode is that electrochemical reaction generates the place that hydrogen closes oxygen in the electrolytic water device; The hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate provides brine electrolysis and the passage that produces gas distribution, and water is distributed to membrane electrode diffusion layer through the flow-field plate uniform flow passage, in the anode catalyst layer electrolysis; Back specific panel provides water gentle equally distributed passage; Back conducting plates, external power source provides brine electrolysis required electric energy by it; Dash plate plays insulation, buffer memory pressure and supporting role; Locate with back head at last; Its pilot hole has guaranteed each unitary carefully and neatly done correspondence when integrated, adopts high elasticity silica rubber to carry out the overall wire sealing when each unit is integrated, is locked with metal screw at last.
Water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane of the present invention is as the crucial unit of regeneratable fuel cell space power system system, can produce hydrogen and oxygen provides reactant gases for fuel cell by brine electrolysis.Compare with present known alkaline asbestos film water electrolyzer, its beneficial effect is, working medium is a pure water, environmentally safe, and can be recycled, the hydrogen of generation and oxygen purity height need not loaded down with trivial details purifying treatment.The present invention can be applicable to the primary source system or the power system of all kinds of space flight, aviation aircraft.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane stereographic map of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane orthographic plan of the present invention.
Comprise: front end-plate 1, diffuser plate 2, preceding conducting plates 3, preceding specific panel 4, membrane electrode (MEA) 5, hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate 6, back specific panel 7, back conducting plates 8, dash plate 9, back head 10.
Fig. 3 is forward and backward end plate principle assumption diagram among Fig. 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is dash plate principle assumption diagram among Fig. 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is forward and backward conducting plates principle assumption diagram among Fig. 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate principle assumption diagram among Fig. 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is forward and backward specific panel principle assumption diagram among Fig. 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane test performance effect of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane stereographic map of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane orthographic plan of the present invention.Apparatus of the present invention are made up of front end-plate 1, diffuser plate 2, preceding conducting plates 3, preceding specific panel 4, membrane electrode 5, hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate 6, back specific panel 7, back conducting plates 8, dash plate 9, back head 10 from front to back successively.
Each unit is circular pressure-resistance structure in the water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane, adopts multipole type integrated morphology to assemble, and each cell mesh of electrolyzer adopts silicon rubber to realize the overall wire sealing.It at first is front end-plate 1 location, be docile and obedient preface then as shown in Figure 2 and locate each unit, diffuser plate 2, preceding conducting plates 3, preceding specific panel 4, membrane electrode 5, hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate 6, back specific panel 7, back conducting plates 8, dash plate 9, locate back head 10 at last, wherein pilot hole has guaranteed each unitary carefully and neatly done correspondence when integrated, adopt high elasticity silica rubber to carry out the overall wire sealing when each unit is integrated, at last with metal screw this device that is locked, as shown in Figure 1.
In the water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane of the present invention, preceding specific panel 4, hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate 6, back specific panel 7 and preceding conducting plates 3, back conducting plates 8 adopt metal titanium alloy or other non-corrosive metals to make.Forward and backward end plate (1,10) adopts aluminum alloy materials to make, and diffuser plate 2 and dash plate 9 adopt the polycarbonate material of electrical isolation.
Membrane electrode 5 is typical porous gas diffusive electrodes, by the partly hot-forming high reactivity zero pole span electrode of diffusion layer, catalyst layer and PEM (proton exchange membrane) three, be the place that electrochemical reaction generates hydrogen and oxygen in the electrolytic water device, this structure membrane electrode electrolytic efficiency height.The diffusion layer of membrane electrode is made up of carbon paper and hydrophober tetrafluoroethylene or vinylidene preparation, plays support, diffusion gas and afflux effect; Catalyst layer is made up of eelctro-catalyst (hydrogen electrode is platinum or carbon supported platinum catalyst, and oxygen electrode is multicomponent alloy oxytolerant corrosion catalyzer), tetrafluoroethylene or vinylidene and proton conductor (perfluorinated sulfonic acid ion exchange resin) preparation; Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a perfluorinated sulfonic acid ion exchange membrane.
Fig. 3 is the structure of the forward and backward end plate of apparatus for electrolyzing (1,10), wherein, brine electrolysis is imported and exported, pneumatic outlet is all on front end-plate, water enters electrolyzer by the anolyte compartment, generates oxygen after the electrolysis and takes electrolyzer out of with surplus water, and outlet inserts tank, water circulation use, hydrogen and oxygen directly use for fuel cell after moisture separator dehydrates.
Fig. 4 left side is the structure of diffuser plate 2, is the passage that brine electrolysis is diffused into the anolyte compartment, and water is evenly distributed to each flow-field plate runner by diffuser plate, and the diffusion layer anodic reaction district of the membrane electrode of flowing through again participates in electrochemical reaction.Fig. 4 right side is the structure of back dash plate 10, plays insulation, buffer memory pressure and supporting role.
Figure 5 shows that the structure of forward and backward conducting plates (3,8), adopt titanium alloy or other anti-corrosion high electrical conductivity alloy, external power source provides brine electrolysis required electric energy by it.
Figure 6 shows that the structure of hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate 6, its water oxygen face is that positive plate, hydrogen face are negative plate, and positive plate and negative plate adopt thick titanium alloy or other non-corrosive metal sheet material of 1～4mm, and the passage of brine electrolysis and generation gas distribution is provided.Positive plate and negative plate be two-sided all runner trench, processes groove, runner, diversion trench and sealing groove part at metal sheet earlier in the course of processing, reprocesses out brine electrolysis, gas inlet and outlet square through hole subsequently.The hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate 6 of this device is designed to linear runner, the dark 0.3～0.6mm of runner, wide 0.5～1.0mm.Under the energising situation, water is distributed to membrane electrode diffusion layer through the flow-field plate uniform flow passage, in the anode catalyst layer electrolysis.
Figure 7 shows that the structure of forward and backward specific panel (4,7), also play the effect of positive plate and negative plate, difference is that single face has runner trench, and another side is a two dimensional structure, provides the gentle equally distributed passage of water equally.
Water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane principle of work of the present invention: at first with ultrapure water (deionized water, resistivity〉1M Ω .cm) send into aqua storage tank, under differential pressure action, enter anode electrolytic cell automatically by water pump conveying or water, externally under the power on condition, water enters membrane electrode carbon paper or carbon cloth diffusion layer through flow-field plate, decompose at anode catalyst layer, the negative oxygen ion that electrolysis forms discharges electronics at anode, form oxygen, discharge from the anolyte compartment, carry portion water and be re-circulated to tank, oxygen can adopt efficient moisture separator to dehydrate the back and directly use.The proton that ultrapure water produces in anode dissolution is with hydrated ion (H
3O
+) form, arrive negative electrode by proton exchange membrane and obtain electronics and form hydrogen, discharge after aqueous vapor is separated drying from cathode compartment and just can directly use.
The reaction that electrolyzer takes place is as follows:
Anode: 4H
++ 4e
-→ 2H
2
Negative electrode: 2H
2O+ electric energy → O
2+ 4H
++ 4e
-
Whole: 2H
2O+ electric energy → 2H
2+ O
2
Characteristics of the present invention: adopt proton exchange membrane as the high directly electrolysis pure water of solid electrolyte, similar fuel cell membrane electrode moulding process is adopted in the membrane electrode preparation, and sealed structure adopts the high elasticity silica rubber packing material to realize the overall wire sealing.Flow-field plate runner design fully guarantees the required water of electrolysis in whole membrane electrode surface uniformly distributing, and helps reaction product hydrogen and oxygen discharging, the hydrogen that generates and oxygen higher operating pressure is all arranged (0.3～0.4Mpa), directly fueling is battery operated.The flow field plate material anti-corrosion capability that adopts strong, long service life can be guaranteed the electrolytic water device long-term stable operation.
Advantage of the present invention: water electrolyzer adopts proton exchange membrane as solid electrolyte, directly uses high purity water to carry out electrolysis, does not have traditional alkaline electrolyte etching problem, and environment is not polluted, and can recycle.Pure water produces the hydrogen purity height, and need not loaded down with trivial details purification treatment technology can directly use.Membrane electrode adopts proton exchange membrane and platinum or metal oxide composite catalyst hot-forming, can effectively reduce the polarization of electrode overpotential, realizes the low electrolysis voltage under the high current density, improves electrolytic efficiency, is a kind of efficient catalytic electrode.Proton exchange membrane apparatus for electrolyzing and fuel cell be the highest chemical energy storage power supply system of present specific energy in conjunction with formed regeneratable fuel cell system.
Main performance index: room temperature starts fast, can produce high-purity hydrogen and the oxygen of 0.3～0.4MPa at 30s inner proton exchange membrane electrolytic water device, current efficiency〉90%, less than 2.0V, accumulation operation 1000h trouble free takes place the monocell electrolysis voltage under 300～400mA/cm2 working current density.
The test performance figure of apparatus of the present invention shown in Figure 8 adopts above-mentioned water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane and membrane electrode to assemble integrated three pairs of electrolyzers, and test condition is: the power supply of constant current constant voltage source, the tank automatic circulation water-supplying, ultra-pure water (deionized water, resistivity 1M Ω .cm), working and room temperature.The hydrogen producing flow is 2.45～2.8L/min during water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane work, and oxygen is 1.2～1.4L/min, gaseous tension 0.3～0.4MPa, and current density is 350～400mA/cm2, the monolithic electrolysis voltage is less than 2.0V.
Claims (4)
1. a water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane is characterized in that, this device comprises: front end-plate is used for the location; Be docile and obedient preface and be provided with diffuser plate, provide brine electrolysis to be distributed to each flow-field plate runner thereafter; Preceding conducting plates connects external power source, provides brine electrolysis required electric energy; Preceding specific panel provides water gentle equally distributed passage; Membrane electrode is the place that electrochemical reaction generates hydrogen and oxygen in the electrolytic water device; The hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate provides brine electrolysis and the passage that produces gas distribution; Back specific panel provides water gentle equally distributed passage; Back conducting plates connects external power source, provides brine electrolysis required electric energy; Dash plate is used for insulation, buffer memory pressure and support; Back head is used for last location, and pilot hole is arranged on it, with metal screw each unit that is locked.
2. according to claims 1 described water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane, it is characterized in that: specific panel, hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate, back specific panel and preceding conducting plates, back conducting plates material are the metal titanium alloy before described; Forward and backward end plate is an aluminum alloy materials; Diffuser plate and dash plate are the polycarbonate material of electrical isolation.
3. according to claims 1 or 2 described water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane, it is characterized in that: two-sided runner trench, runner, diversion trench and the sealing groove of being provided with of described hydrogen-oxygen flow-field plate, and brine electrolysis, gas inlet and outlet square through hole, flow field thickness of slab 1～4mm, dark 0.3～the 0.6mm of runner, wide 0.5～1.0mm.
4. according to claims 1 described water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane, it is characterized in that: described membrane electrode is by diffusion layer, catalyst layer and the partly hot-forming zero pole span electrode of proton exchange membrane three; Described diffusion layer is made up of carbon paper and hydrophober tetrafluoroethylene or vinylidene preparation; Described catalyst layer is by platinum or carbon supported platinum catalyst or multicomponent alloy oxytolerant corrosion catalyzer, and tetrafluoroethylene or vinylidene and the preparation of proton conductor perfluorinated sulfonic acid ion exchange resin are formed; Proton exchange membrane is a perfluorinated sulfonic acid ion exchange membrane.
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| CN2005101104210A CN1966777B (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2005-11-17 | Water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane |
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| CN1966777B true CN1966777B (en) | 2011-01-19 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN101736359B (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2012-02-15 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic bath |
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