CN1871750B - 模块化插座 - Google Patents

模块化插座 Download PDF

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CN1871750B
CN1871750B CN2004800306632A CN200480030663A CN1871750B CN 1871750 B CN1871750 B CN 1871750B CN 2004800306632 A CN2004800306632 A CN 2004800306632A CN 200480030663 A CN200480030663 A CN 200480030663A CN 1871750 B CN1871750 B CN 1871750B
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CN1871750A (zh
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耶胡达·宾德
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Examine Vincent Zhi Cai management company
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Mosaid Technologies Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R31/00—Coupling parts supported only by co-operation with counterpart
    • H01R31/005—Intermediate parts for distributing signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R31/00—Coupling parts supported only by co-operation with counterpart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R31/00—Coupling parts supported only by co-operation with counterpart
    • H01R31/06—Intermediate parts for linking two coupling parts, e.g. adapter
    • H01R31/065—Intermediate parts for linking two coupling parts, e.g. adapter with built-in electric apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/542—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the information being in digital form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
    • H04L12/2869—Operational details of access network equipments
    • H04L12/2898—Subscriber equipments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/10—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable
    • H04N7/106—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable for domestic distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5425—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines improving S/N by matching impedance, noise reduction, gain control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
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    • H04B2203/5437—Wired telephone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5429—Applications for powerline communications
    • H04B2203/5454—Adapter and plugs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5491—Systems for power line communications using filtering and bypassing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5495—Systems for power line communications having measurements and testing channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/10—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable
    • H04N7/102—Circuits therefor, e.g. noise reducers, equalisers, amplifiers
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13389—LAN, internet

Abstract

与室内的传送数据网络信号的布线相结合，一种模块化插座(100)包括基本模块(100a)和接口模块(100b)。该基本模块与布线相连，并安装在建筑物的表面上。该接口模块提供了数据单元连接。该接口模块机械地安装在基本模块上并与基本模块电连接。该布线也可以传送诸如电话、电力和有线电视(CATV)的基本服务信号。在这种情况下，该插座提供作为基本模块的一部分或者作为接口模块的一部分的相关连接。可以使用专有和工业标准接口对模块进行互连。此外，可以使用标准计算机扩展卡(例如PCI、PCMCIA等)作为接口模块。

Description

模块化插座
技术领域
本发明涉及使用插座(outlet)的有线网络领域，更具体地，涉及一种在这种网络中使用的模块化插座。
背景技术
插座
这里的术语“插座”表示一种机电装置，其便于容易且快速地将外部设备连接到安装在建筑物内的布线以及从该布线断开。插座通常具有与该布线的固定连接，并允许根据需要方便地连接外部设备(通常是通过面板中的集成连接器)。这种插座通常机械地连接在或者安装在墙上。普通插座的非限制性示例包括：用于连接电话和相关设备的电话插座；用于连接电视机、VCR等的CATV插座；用作LAN布线(也称作结构化布线)的一部分的插座；以及用于将电力连接到电器的电力插座。这里的术语“墙”表示建筑物的任意内部或外部表面，除了垂直墙以外，还包括但不限于天花板和地板。
LAN环境
图1示出了典型的现有技术的LAN环境10。这种网络通常使用10BaseT或100BaseTX以太网IEEE802.3接口和拓扑，并且以作为集中设备的集线器11为特征，所有设备都连接到该集线器11。设备通过分别容纳在网络插座15a、15b和15c中的数据连接器14a、14b和14c连接到集线器11。到集线器11的连接分别经由电缆13a、13b和13c。数据连接器14a、14b和14c例如可以是RJ-45型连接器；而电缆13a、13b和13c例如可以是五类电缆。例如在EIT/TIA-568和EIA/TIA-570中描述了这种结构。网络10的数据部分使用分别经由电缆16a、16b和16c与网络连接器14a、14b和14c相连的数据单元(其可以是计算机)7a、7b和 7c。服务器12也可以连接到集线器11，并且服务器12可以执行外部连接功能以及在现有技术中应用的其他服务器功能。
尽管图1将集线器11作为集中设备，但是应该理解，可以使用具有多个网络接口并支持适当连接的任意类型的设备，其非限制性示例包括共享式集线器、交换机(交换式集线器)、路由器以及网关。因此，这里的术语“集线器”表示任意的这种设备而没有限制。此外，网络10可以是基于分组的室内或分布式网络，例如LAN或互联网。
家庭网络
大多数的现有办公室和某些新建的建筑物都可以方便地实现网络10的网络结构。然而，在现有的建筑物内实现这种网络通常需要安装新的布线基础结构。这种新布线的安装可能是不切实际的、昂贵并且存在争议(hassle-oriented)的。结果，为了便于在建筑物内实现LAN而无需增加新的布线，已经提出了许多技术(称为“无新线”技术)。这些技术中的某些使用了现有的布线，这些现有的布线还用于其他目的，例如电话、电力、有线电视等。这样做可以提供下述的优点：能够安装这种系统和网络而无需在建筑物内另外安装成本通常很高的独立布线。为了实现建筑物内的布线的多种用途，常常要安装专门的插座，这些专门的插座使得能够实现布线的多种用途。下面以使用现有电话线的家庭网络为例进行说明。
电话定义及背景
这里的术语“电话(telephony)”通常表示任意类型的电话业务，包括模拟和数字业务，例如综合业务数字网(ISDN)。
通常被称为“普通老式电话业务(POTS)”的模拟电话已经存在了100多年，并且针对传输和交换音频频谱的3-4KHz部分(或“波段”)的语音信号进行了很好的设计和很好的制造。常见的POTS网络支持实时、低延迟、高可靠性、中等保真度的语音电话，并能够在分别使用模拟电话机的两个端点之间建立会话。
这里的术语“电话(telephone)”、“电话机”以及“电话设备”表示可以连接到公共交换电话网(“PSTN”)的任意设备，而没有限制，包括用于模拟和数字电话二者的设备，其非限制性示例为模拟电话、数字电话、传真(“fax”)机、自动电话应答机、语音调制解调器以及数据调制解调器。
这里使用的术语“数据单元”、“计算机”和“个人计算机”(“PC”)可互换地包括工作站、个人数字助理(PDA)和具有用于连接到局域网的接口的其他数据终端设备(DTE)，以及用作数据源或数据接收器(或两者)的数据站的任意其他功能单元。
室内电话业务通常采用双线或四线，电话机通过电话插座与它们相连。
基于电话线的家庭网络
图2示出了现有技术的电话系统的布线结构，该电话系统包括用于住宅或其他建筑物的网络20，该网络20通过电话线5连接，该电话线5具有连接到接线盒34的单个线对，接线盒34进而通过电缆33(“本地回路”)连接到公共交换电话网(PSTN)41，电缆33终止于公共交换机32，该公共交换机32建立并使得能够进行从一个电话到另一个电话的通话。这里的术语“高频”表示实质上高于这种模拟电话音频频率的任意频率，例如用于数据的频率。ISDN通常使用不超过100KHz的频率(通常能量集中在40KHz附近)。这里的术语“电话线”表示最初打算用来传送和发布模拟电话信号的导电线路，并且包括但不限于建筑物内现有的并且目前可以提供模拟电话服务的导电线路。
接线盒34将室内电路与PSTN分离开，并用作测试装置，用来检测故障以及用于在室内进行新的布线。多个电话可以经由多个电话插座35连接到电话线5。每个插座都具有连接器36(通常称为“插孔”)，在北美通常为RJ-11连接器的形式。每个插座都可以通过插入在插孔中的兼容“插头”连接器连接到电话单元。
布线5通常基于串联或“菊花链”拓扑，其中布线以线性的方式从一个插座连接到下一个插座；但是也可以使用其他拓扑，例如星型、树型或任意拓扑。然而，住宅内的电话布线系统总是使用有线介质，而与拓扑无关：终止于一个或更多个插座的两条或四条铜线，这些插座提供 了对用于连接到电话机的这些线的直接接入。
通常希望将现有的电话布线同时用于电话和数据网络。这样，简化了在家中或其他建筑物内的新局域网的构建，因为不需要安装另外的布线。
频分复用(FDM)的概念是本领域中公知的，其提供了用于将线路所传送的带宽分为能够传送模拟电话信号的低频带以及能够传送数据通信或其他信号的高频带的方法。例如，在Reichert等人的美国专利4,785,448(以下称为“Reichert”)中描述了这种机制。另外广泛使用的是xDSL系统，主要是非对称数字用户环路(ADSL)系统。
本领域的相关现有技术的示例是Foley的WO 99/12330中的通常被称为HomePNA(家庭电话线网络联盟)的技术，在Dichter的美国专利5,896,443(以下称为“Dichter”)中公开了这种技术。Dichter以及其他人建议了一种方法和装置，用于采用频分复用(FDM)技术来进行住宅电话布线，该方法和装置使得能够同时传送电话和数据通信信号。布线上的可用带宽被分为能够传送模拟电话信号的低频带和能够传送数据通信信号的高频带。在这种机制下，在通过家中现有的电话布线提供数据通信能力的同时，没有影响通话。
除了示出住宅电话系统以外，图2还示出了Dichter/HomePNA网络的结构。网络20对两个模拟电话提供服务，并提供数据单元的局域网。数据单元7a、7b和7c分别通过电话线载波(PNC)调制解调器64a、64b和64c连接到局域网。数据通信设备的示例包括但不限于调制解调器、线路驱动器(line driver)、线路接收器以及收发器(这里的术语“收发器”表示组合的发送器和接收器)，该数据通信设备使得能够通过电话线5的高频谱进行数据通信。PNC单元(“电话线调制解调器”)64a、64b和64c分别连接至高通滤波器(HPF)38a、38b和38c，这使得能够访问由电话线5传送的高频带。为了避免由电话导致的对数据网络的干扰，添加了低通滤波器(LPF)37a、37b和37c以隔离POTS传送频带，从而电话22a、22b和22c分别使用塞绳6a、6b和6c连接到用于电话线5以提供PSTN。此外，还可以在接线盒34上连接低通滤波器(未示出)，以 滤除由PSTN布线33产生的或者输入到PSTN布线33中的噪声。
本发明人的转让给本受让人的标题为“ Telephone Outlet forimplementing a Local Area Network Over Telephone Lines and a LocalArea Network u
类似地，基于使用基于电力线的家庭网络的室内网络在本领域中也是已知的。用来联网的介质是室内的电力线，该电力线用来同时传送电力和数据通信信号。为了简化，图中未示出与电力相关的功能。PLC调制解调器将数据通信接口(例如以太网IEEE802.3)转换为可以通过电力线传送的信号，而不影响这些线上存在的电力信号并且不受该电力信号的影响。这种PLC调制解调器的示例是来自Irvine，California，USA的 
Figure DEST_PATH_G14134257150131000D000031
Systems，Inc.的基于HomePlug1.0的型号为DHP-100的以太网到电力线桥接器。
有源插座
普通插座(包括LAN结构化布线、电力插座、电话插座以及有线电视插座)已发展为作为布线系统室内基础设施的一部分的无源器件，并且仅用于提供对墙内布线的接入。然而，存在将有源电路嵌入到插座中以将其用作家庭/办公室网络的一部分的趋势。在大多数情况下，所添加的电路用于向插座添加数据接口连接，该数据接口连接被添加到插座的基本无源连接功能。Cohen等人的2002年8月22日公开的题为“CableranNetworking over Coaxial Cables”的WO 02/065229中描述了使用插座的基于同轴电缆的家庭网络的示例。
2002年5月23日公开的题为“Modular power line network adapter”的US 20020060617A1(Walbeck等人)公开了一种模块化馈通 (feed-though)适配器，其使得能够实现与电力网络适配器的电连接，而不需要“用完(using up)”电力插座。
2001年6月14日公开的题为“Assembly for transmittinginformation via a low-voltage power supply network”的WO 0143238A1(Kurt等人)公开了一种连接装置，用于将数据终端连接到低压供电网络。该装置包括连接电力插头形式的网络连接，以及连接插槽形式的装置连接，二者都位于壳体内。该连接装置还具有组合的数据/网络连接，位于从壳体引出的数据/网络电缆的末端。通过将连接电力插头插入到网络插槽中，将该连接装置与低压供电网络相连。数据端子使用其电力插头插入到连接插槽中，并且调制解调器与该数据/网络连接相连。
随着技术和环境的变化，迟早会产生对于更新、修改或改变插座的功能、特征和特性的需求。例如，可能需要将数据接口更新为与新标准相互关联(interconnect)。在另一示例中，需要将电路更新为支持更高的带宽。类似地，可能需要引入或更新管理和服务质量(QoS)功能。在另一示例中，可能需要添加另外的功能和接口。在大多数情况下，任何这种修改都需要拆除现有的插座并安装具有改进特征的新插座。这种操作烦琐、成本高并且通常要求专业技能。
因此，存在对于使得能够容易且简单地更新插座(优选地，无需专业安装)的方法和系统的广泛需求，并且这种方法和系统将非常有利。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种方法和系统，以使得能够容易且简单地更新插座，优选地不需要专业安装。
结合有线局域网(LAN)对多端口有源网络插座进行说明。这种插座包括使得能够通过网络布线进行数据通信的收发器。该插座支持一个或更多个连接器，每一个连接器都用于使数据单元通过各自的收发器与数据通信信号连接(couple)。此外，该插座包括适配器，并且所连接的各 个连接器用于使数据单元通过不同的接口与数据通信信号连接。该插座还可选择地包括用于要连接的多个数据流的集线器。还可以在该插座中嵌入可选择的管理/处理功能。
此外，对要与通过布线支持(carried)的同时提供基本服务的数据网络相结合使用的插座进行说明。该基本服务可以是通过电话布线传送的通话、通过电力线传送的电力以及通过同轴电缆电视基础设施传送的CATV。在这种情况下，该插座包括数据/服务分离器/组合器，用于对通过该布线传送的基本服务信号进行分离，并使得能够通过各个连接器(电话、电力或CATV连接器)对其进行访问。数据信号被各个中间调制器分离，并通过与适配器相连的连接器连接到数据单元。如上所述，可以可选择地采用集线器和管理。
在本发明的一个方面，以上插座包括两个模块，每个模块都提供了这些插座功能的一部分。基本模块与布线相连，而接口模块用于与数据单元相连。这两个模块通过配合连接器(mating connector)互连。基本模块机械地固定在墙上，而接口模块使用专用装置，例如螺钉、滑入围挡(slide-in rail)、锁扣夹(snap-on clip)等固定在基本模块上。在LAN环境的情况下，另外的LAN连接可以是基本模块的一部分或者接口模块的一部分。类似地，在基本服务插座的情况下，基本服务连接器可以是基本模块的一部分或者接口模块的一部分。
在本发明的另一方面，使用诸如基于光(例如红外线)、音频或射频(无线)的非有线接口来连接到数据单元。在这种情况下，由适当的非有线收发器来代替数据单元连接器。
在本发明的另一方面，网络布线是基于光纤的，并且插座采用光纤连接器和收发器来连接到网络布线。
在本发明的另一方面，使用工业标准扩展卡(例如PCI或PCMCIA)作为该接口模块，并且该基本模块支持所需的接口和与其相连的连接器。
应该理解，根据以下详细说明，本发明的其他实施例对于本领域的技术人员将变得明了，在以下说明中，通过例示的方式仅示出和描述了本发明的多个实施例。可以认识到，本发明可以具有其他和不同的实施例，并且在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的多个其他方面能够对本发明的多个细节进行修改。因此，附图和详细说明都被视为是例示性的而不是限制性的。
附图说明
在此参照附图仅以非限制性示例的方式对本发明进行说明，附图中：
图1示出了示例性的现有技术的局域网。
图2示出了基于电话线的示例性的现有技术的局域网。
图3示出了基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图。
图4示出了基于电话布线的示例性插座的框图。
图5示出了基于电力布线的示例性插座的框图。
图6示出了基于CATV布线的示例性插座的框图。
图7示出了基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图的分割(partition)A。
图8示出了根据本发明的基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图。
图9示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的框图。
图10a示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的正视图。
图10b示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的后视图。
图11示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的视图。
图12示出了基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图的分割B。
图13示出了根据本发明的基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图。
图14示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的框图。
图14a示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的正视图。
图14b示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的后视图。
图14c示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的视图。
图15示出了基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图的分割C。
图16示出了根据本发明的基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图。
图16a示出了根据本发明的基于电力布线的示例性插座的框图。
图16b示出了根据本发明的基于电力布线的示例性插座的正视图。
图17示出了基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图的分割D。
图18示出了根据本发明的基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图。
图18a示出了根据本发明的基于CATV布线的示例性插座的框图。
图18b示出了根据本发明的基于CATV布线的示例性插座的正视图。
图19示出了基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图的分割E。
图20示出了根据本发明的基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图。
图21示出了基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图的分割F。
图22示出了根据本发明的基于现有布线的示例性插座的框图。
图23示出了基于LAN布线的示例性插座的框图。
图24示出了基于LAN布线的示例性插座的框图的多种分割。
图25示出了根据本发明的支持视频接口的基于电话布线的示例性插座的正视图。
图26示出了根据本发明的支持基于射频的接口的基于电话布线的示例性插座的正视图。
图27示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的正视图，其 中接口模块安装在基本模块前面并通过螺钉固定在基本模块上。
图28示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的正视图，其中接口模块加载并咬合安装在基本模块正面。
图29示出了根据本发明的示例性插座的框图，其中接口模块是标准扩展模块。
图30a和30b示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的正视图，其中接口模块是基于USB PCMCIA的扩展模块。
图31a和31b示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的正视图，其中接口模块是基于无线PCMCIA的标准扩展模块。
图31c和31d示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的正视图，其中接口模块为PDA。
图32a和32b示出了根据本发明的基于电话布线的示例性插座的正视图，其中基本模块由外部AC/DC转换器进行馈电。
图33示出了根据本发明的示例性插座的框图，其中该插座由外部专用电源进行供电。
图34示出了根据本发明的示例性插座的框图，其中该插座由通过该布线传送的电力进行供电。
具体实施方式
参照附图和相关说明，可以理解根据本发明的网络的原理和操作。附图和说明仅是概念性的。在实际实施时，单个组件可以实现一个或更多个功能；另选地，每个功能都可以由多个组件和电路来实现。在附图和说明中，相同的标号表示对于不同实施例或结构共同的那些组件。
基于家庭网络的插座
图3示出了通常在家庭网络环境中使用的插座50的总体功能示意框图。插座50使得便于通过室内布线来实现数据网络，同时具有最初安装该布线所要支持的基本服务。非限制性示例是连接到电话布线以支持电话服务的电话插座、连接到电力布线以支持AC配电的电力插座，以及连接到CATV电缆以支持CATV发布的CATV插座。插座通过连接器51连接 到布线。由于在大多数情况下，插座50需要保留添加到数据网络功能中的基本服务(即电话、AC电力或CATV)，所以插座50中嵌入有用于提供原始服务的服务连接器53。数据/服务分离器/组合器52用于将通过该布线传送的基本服务信号与数据信号分离(和组合)。例如，在数据信号和服务信号在布线上分别使用不同的频谱(FDM-频分复用)的情况下，分离器/组合器52将使用第一滤波器来隔离服务信号频谱并将其连接到服务连接器53，而使用第二滤波器来隔离数据信号频谱并将其输入到中间调制解调器54。类似地，由分离器/组合器52对服务信号和数据信号进行组合，并经由连接器51将其输入到布线中。在某些实施中，该技术使得能够直接连接中间调制解调器54和服务连接器53，由此使得不需要数据/服务分离器/组合器52，而中间调制解调器54和服务连接器53都直接连接到布线连接器51。中间调制解调器54用于通过布线发送和接收数据。在电力插座的情况下，中间调制解调器54使得能够通过电力线传送数据。类似地，中间调制解调器54使得能够在电话插座的情况下通过电话布线传送数据，以及在CATV插座的情况下通过CATV电缆传送数据。在大多数情况下，对与分离器/组合器52一起工作的调制解调器54进行优化，使其既不干扰通过布线传送的基本服务信号，也不受该基本服务信号干扰。
插座50提供了通过插座集成接口对通过室内布线传送的数据的访问，该插座集成接口包括数据连接器58和接口适配器56。接口适配器56包括为了在连接到数据网络时支持所需接口所需的所有电路，而实际的物理连接使用接口连接器58。通常，可以使用任何串行或并行数据接口。然而，在大多数情况下，所支持的数据接口以及连接器58遵循普通的标准数据接口。这些数字数据接口的示例为IEEE802.310/100/1000BaseT、USB(通用串行总线)、IEEE1284、EIA/TIA-232、IEEE1394以及其他接口。此外，插座50通过连接器58而支持的接口也可以是模拟型而不是所述的数字型。一些示例如下：
1、模拟视频接口。该插座可以用来输入模拟视频、输出模拟视频或者进行这两种操作。应该注意，该视频要与作为基本服务而传送的CATV 视频信号区别开，而是包括作为所形成的数据网络的一部分的以数字形式传送的视频信号。在本发明人和受让人的题为“OUTLET WITH ANALOGSIGNAL ADAPTER，A METHOD FOR USE THEREOF AND A NETWORK USING SAIDOUTLET”的WO 03/039150中描述了一种支持模拟视频接口的插座。在这种插座中，根据需要，接口适配器56包括模数(A/D)转换器或数模(D/A)转换器。
2、模拟语音(音频)接口。该插座可以用来输入模拟语音、输出模拟语音或者进行这两种操作。应该注意，该语音要与作为基本服务而传送的电话信号区别开，而是包括作为所形成的数据网络的一部分的以数字形式传送的语音信号。在这种插座中，根据需要，接口适配器56包括模数(A/D)转换器或数模(D/A)转换器。
3、电话接口。该插座可以用来连接到电话设备。应该注意，该电话信号要与作为基本服务而传送的电话信号区别开，而是包括作为所形成的数据网络的一部分的以数字形式传送的电话信号。在本发明人和受让人的题为“TELEPHONE OUTLET WITH PACKET TELEPHONY ADAPTER，AND ANETWORK USING SAME”的WO 03/005691中描述了一种支持电话接口的插座。在这种插座中，根据需要，接口适配器56包括模数(A/D)转换器或数模(D/A)转换器。
在基本方案中，接口适配器56可以直接与中间调制解调器54相连，使得信号能够从经由连接器58和接口适配器56连接到该插座的单元，通过中间调制解调器54和分离器/组合器52，经由布线连接器51流到布线。在这种情况下，不需要集线器55和管理57。
在受管理的数据网络环境中，将部分或所有的网络管理功能包含在插座50中将是有益的。例如，为了使得能够远程访问该插座，可以将寻址装置集成到该插座中。在另一示例中，将QoS(服务质量)工具嵌入到插座中以对服务进行测量。插座所集成的网络管理功能可以包括或支持：
1、性能管理。对诸如吞吐量、响应时间和线路利用率的网络变量进行测量和跟踪。
2、配置管理。对配置信息进行监测和改变，以跟踪软件和硬件单元 的影响。
3、记帐管理。对利用率进行测量，以使得可以对网络资源的使用进行跟踪和调整。
4、故障管理。对与网络有效运行相关的问题进行检测、记录并通知用户。
5、安全管理。控制对网络资源的访问。
网络管理功能由可选的管理/处理单元57支持。管理功能还可以包括本地(插座上的)视觉指示器。管理/处理单元57与插座中的所有相关功能(例如，中间调制解调器54、集线器55和接口适配器56)相连。
可以使用与上述集线器11相同的可选的多端口单元(集线器)55，以对插座中的多个数据流进行仲裁。基本上，集线器55通过中间调制解调器54在与经由连接器58和接口适配器56连接的外部数据设备相关联的数据流以及通过布线而形成的网络之间进行仲裁。
图4中示出了电话插座60，作为插座50的非限制性示例。插座60基于图3中的上述基于HomePNA的网络40。使用连接器61(与插座50的连接器51相关联)来连接到室内电话布线。通过一组低通滤波器(LPF)62和高通滤波器(HPF)65(分别等效于网络40的LPF 37和HPF 38)来实现普通插座50的分离器/组合器52。类似地，通过PNC(电话线载波)调制解调器64来实现普通插座50的中间调制解调器54。连接器63是代表普通插座50的普通服务连接器53的标准电话连接器(例如，在北美为RJ-11)。
类似地，图5中示出了电力线插座70的示例。该插座包括用于保留原始AC电力设备的电力连接器73、连接到AC电力布线的布线连接器71以及PLC调制解调器74(与上面的PLC 82相同)。在该示例中，不需要在布线、PLC调制解调器74和电力连接器73之间进行分离，因此不需要普通插座50的分离器/组合器52。一些PLC调制解调器74的实施可能仍需要这种分离装置。
普通插座50的另一示例是图6所示的CATV插座80。连接器81提供了到同轴电缆的连接，并且通过RF连接器83保留了CATV服务。同轴 电缆调制解调器84用作中间调制解调器54。在大多数情况下，数据网络使用通过同轴电缆传送的多个视频信道之一，通过BPF 82来实现分离器/组合器52，并且连接器83直接连接到布线连接器81。
模块化插座
本发明提出了一种基于网络的插座，以模块化方法将该插座的功能分割为两个不同的部分。这里将该插座的第一部分称为“基本模块”，该第一部分包括机械地安装到墙上并且以与应用于典型插座相同的方式与墙内布线相连接的机械结构。该插座的第二部分(在此被称为“接口模块”)用于对数据网络的访问，并且机械地固定在基本模块上。这两个模块之间的电连接利用了一对配合连接器。以与已知要安装的插座相同的方式安装该基本模块，并且需要相同的技能和专门知识。然而，通过快速、无争议的、非专业并且简单的过程将该接口模块安装在基本模块上，因此使得一般的消费者能够进行“自助式(Do-It-Yourself)”安装。
在基本模块和接口模块之间对包含在这种插座中的功能进行分割。如下面将要描述的，可以采用多种分割。为了简化，以下示例应用于电话插座。
分割A
由图7中的分割线90表示的分割A示出了根据本发明的第一分割(称为“分割A”)。在分割A中，分割线90插入在插座50的布线连接器51与分离器/组合器52之间。图8中示出了实现分割A的普通插座100。插座100包括基本模块100a和接口模块100b。这两个模块通过分别集成在基本模块100a和接口模块100b中的配合连接器101和102相连。在这种结构中，插座50的所有有源组件和功能都包含在接口模块100b中，而基本模块100a包括彼此直接相连的布线连接器51和接口连接器101。应该注意，所述连接器是不同的，其中连接器51用来连接到布线，而接口连接器101用来连接到接口模块100b的配合连接器102。在某些实施中，基本模块100a还可以包括保护装置(例如，功率突增或闪电保护)。
图9中所示的插座110是在电话插座60中实现分割A的示例。插座110包括基本模块110a和接口模块110b，该基本模块110a和接口模块 110b分别与普通插座100的基本模块100a和接口模块100b相对应。类似地，使用分别与插座100的连接器101和102相对应的配合连接器111和112来对这些模块进行互连。
图10a至图11示出了插座110的视图的非限制性示例。图10a示出了基本模块110a和接口模块110b的正视图。螺孔113a和113b用作第一安装件(mount)，用于将基本模块110a的壳体114固定在插座槽(cavity)中，如在北美通常用于将插座安装在墙上的一样。基本模块110a包括侧挡115a和115b，接口模块110b滑入到该侧挡115a和115b中，并且侧挡115a和115b用作第二安装件，用于将接口模块110b机械地安装在基本模块110a上。当将接口模块110b固定在侧挡内时，在基本模块110a中的连接器111与图10b所示的配合连接器112之间产生接触。在北美通用的RJ-11电话连接器被表示为连接器63，而以太网10/100/1000BaseT网络中使用的RJ-45数据连接器被表示为连接器58，二者都构成接口模块110b的一部分。图10b示出了这两个配合模块的后视图。示出了螺纹型连接器61，用于将电话线对116连接到基本模块110a。图11中示出了包括机械地安装并电连接的两个模块的完整插座110。
为简明起见，仅与电话插座60相关地示出了分割A的以上示例。然而，应该注意，同样可以将这种分割应用于电力插座70和CATV插座80。
分割A使用了简单且廉价的仅用于布线(wiring-only)的基本模块100a，而所有的插座功能都包含在接口模块100b中。这样，用户具有对数据网络相关功能(例如，中间调制解调器54)或接口相关功能(例如，接口连接器58和相关的接口适配器56)或者二者进行改变和更新的充分灵活性。这种更新不需要对基本模块100a进行任何变化和修改。
分割B
在大多数情况下，要求基于网络的插座保留基本服务，即电话、电力或CATV。在分割A结构中，仅可以作为接口模块的一部分来访问基本服务。因此，基本模块不能用作独立单元，而是必须始终与接口模块一起作为一套组件来使用。这样，不用作网络的一部分的插座还必须包括 数据网络功能，因此始终需要使用复杂且昂贵的插座。
在图12中，将分割B表示为分割线120。在这种结构中，该分割影响了分离器/组合器52与中间调制解调器54之间的连接。图13中所示的普通插座130实现了分割B并且包括基本模块130a和接口模块130b。这两个模块使用分别被容纳为基本模块130a和接口模块130b的一部分的配合连接器131和132进行互连。服务连接器53是基本模块130a的一部分，因此即使在仅安装了基本模块130的情况下也可以提供基本服务功能。在没有实现分离器/组合器52的情况下，基本模块仅包括三个连接器和互连布线，即布线连接器51、服务连接器53以及用于连接到接口模块130b的接口连接器131。
由于基本模块130a通过连接器53支持并保留了基本服务，所以在不需要特殊插座来支持网络连接的情况下，基本模块130a可以用作独立装置，而不需要接口模块130b。用户仍然具有对数据网络相关功能(例如，中间调制解调器54)或接口相关功能(例如，接口连接器58和相关的接口适配器56)或者二者进行改变和更新的充分灵活性。这种更新不需要对基本模块130a进行任何改变和修改。
应该注意，接口连接器131可以与服务连接器53相同。在这种情况下，支持两个服务连接器，其中一个服务连接器用于基本服务，而另一个服务连接器可以用于数据通信网络。在任何一种情况下，两个连接器都与布线连接器51不同。
下面将参照图14所示的电话插座140来说明将分割B应用于电话插座60的情况，电话插座140包括基本模块140a和接口模块140b，基本模块140a和接口模块140b与插座130的基本模块130a和接口模块130b相对应。类似地，配合连接器141和142分别与插座130的连接器131和132相对应。图14a至14c中示出了插座140的视图的非限制性示例。与图10a至11相似，图14示出了基本模块140a和接口模块140b的正视图。螺孔113a和113b用于将基本模块140a固定在插座槽中，如在北美通常用于将插座安装在墙上的相同。如图14a至14c所示，插座140的外观与图10a至11所示的插座110的不同之处在于，电话连接器63 (以及相关硬件)容纳在基本模块中而不是接口模块中。
为简明起见，仅与电话插座60相关地示出了分割B的以上示例。然而，应该注意，同样可以将这种分割应用于电力插座70和CATV插座80。
分割C
因为任何插座始终与特定的布线相关联(例如，电话插座始终与电话布线相连)，并且因为中间调制解调器54也始终适用于特定的布线(例如，PNC调制解调器64被优化为通过电话布线进行通信)，所以将中间调制解调器54包括到基本模块中是有意义的。这样，可以将网络主干(信号和协议)与用户接口清楚地区别开。在大多数情况下，所有基于网络的插座中的中间调制解调器54都彼此进行通信。这样，仅更换或更新单个插座可能导致协同工作能力的故障。通过将中间调制解调器54容纳在被认为极少替换的基本模块中，并且使其与容纳在接口模块中的被认为频繁修改以适应不断发展的接口(但是不需要能够与其他插座协同工作)的接口适配器56相分离，使得可能作为更换接口模块的一部分而导致的协同工作能力问题最小化。这里将这种分割称为分割C，并且在图15中表示为分割线150。
图16示出了实现分割C的普通插座160。插座160包括基本模块160a和接口模块160b，该基本模块160a和接口模块160b分别通过配合连接器161和162进行互连。图16a中示出了对电力插座70应用分割C的情况，其中为基本模块165a和接口模块165b分别添加了连接器163和164。与上面的图11a和14a类似，在图16b中示出了基本模块165a和接口模块165b的视图。可以看出，使用了电力连接器73，而不是上面的图中所示的电话连接器63。
为简明起见，仅与电力插座70相关地示出了分割C的以上示例。然而，应该注意，同样可以将这种分割应用于电话插座60和CATV插座80。
分割D
由图17中的分割线170表示的分割D涉及接口模块，该接口模块包括所有对于用户接口特殊的组件，例如接口适配器56和接口连接器58。这种分割使得可以快速且容易地进行对插座进行更新，以支持不断发展 的和新的接口和标准。图18中所示的普通插座180实现了分割D，该普通插座180包括基本模块180a和接口模块180b，该基本模块180a和接口模块180b分别通过配合连接器181和182进行互连。图18a示出了将分割D应用于CATV插座80的情况，其中分别为基本模块185a和接口模块185b添加了连接器183和184。与上面的图11a和14a类似，图18b中示出了基本模块185a和接口模块185b的视图。可以看出，使用了F型CATV连接器83，而不是上面的图中所示的电话连接器63。
为简明起见，仅与CATV插座80相关地示出了分割D的以上示例。然而，应该注意，同样可以将这种分割应用于电话插座60和电力插座70。
分割E
由图19中的分割线190表示的分割E涉及无源接口模块，该无源接口模块包括用于与基本模块中的适配器相连的布线(连接器)。这种分割使得可以快速且容易地对插座进行更新，以支持不断发展的和新的连接器，其中不需要修改接口电路(electronics)。在有条件地访问该基本模块的一个应用示例中，尽管具有所有需要的电路，但是仍然禁止访问数据网络，对数据网络的访问只能通过使用接口模块，将模块接口转换为标准接口连接器来实现。图20中所示的普通插座200实现了分割E，该插座200包括基本模块200a和接口模块200b，该基本模块200a和接口模块200b分别通过配合连接器201和202进行互连。
分割F
以上涉及的所有分割都针对与插座相连的数据单元与布线之间的数据流。由图21中的分割线210表示的分割F涉及接口模块，该接口模块包括所有与网络管理相关的组件(例如，管理/处理功能57的部分或全部)。这种分割使得可以快速且容易地对插座的管理功能进行更新。图22中所示的普通插座220实现了分割F，该普通插座220包括基本模块220a和接口模块220b，该基本模块220a和接口模块220b分别通过配合连接器221和222进行互连。
LAN环境
尽管针对通过用于基本服务(例如，电话、CATV和电力)的布线而 构成的网络描述了本发明，但是应该理解，本发明同样可以应用于在使用专用布线的网络中使用的插座。在这种情况下，基本服务是单个数据网络接口。然而，除了单个数据连接接口的基本服务以外，可能还需要为插座提供另外的接口。例如，可以用来提供多个数据接口，其中布线支持单个这种数据连接。这种插座的示例是由Santa-Clara，California，U.S.A.的3ComTM制造的Network JackTM产品系列。另外，在Thompson的题为“Single Medium Wiring Scheme for Multiple Signal Distributionin Building and Access Port Therefor”的美国专利6,108,331以及McNamara等人的于2003年6月19日公开的题为“Active Wall Outlet”的美国专利申请US 2003/0112965中对这种插座进行了描述。
图23中示出了这种插座230的非限制性功能框图。尽管其总体结构与普通插座50类似，但是对于特定的应用还需要某些调整。因为通过布线仅传送单个类型的信号，所以不需要数据/服务分离器/组合器52。使用简单的收发器233通过网络布线来发送和接收信号。收发器233a用来通过连接器231与布线连接。使用收发器233b经由数据连接器232来提供数据端口的“基本服务”。这两个收发器以及适配器56(与接口连接器58相连)都通过集线器55共享数据。由管理/处理功能57来管理该插座。
与以上讨论类似，可以对网络插座230应用多种分割。如图24所示，可以对插座230应用分割A的分割线240、分割B的分割线241、分割D的分割线242、分割E的分割线243或者分割F的分割线244。以上视图同样可以应用于这些分割，其中基本服务连接器也是网络接口，例如RJ-45以太网IEEE802.3 10/100/1000BastT连接器。这种分割中的每一个都涉及一组配合连接器和机械固定装置，以使得能够对所形成的模块进行电连接和机械安装。
概括
尽管针对数字接口对本发明进行了描述，但是应该理解，本发明同样适用于其中适配器56转换为模拟信号(例如，音频或视频)接口以及模拟传感器或模拟致动器的插座。例如，在本发明人的于2003年5月8日公开的题为“Outlet with Analog Signal Adapter，A Method for Use Thereof and a Network Using Said Outlet”的WO 03/039150中对包括内置模拟转换器的有源插座进行了说明。图25中示出了图14a所示的具有视频接口的插座140的视图的示例。包含在图14a的模块140b中的数据连接器58由图25中所示的视频连接器(F型)250替代。相关的适配器56将包括模数(或数模或者两者)功能。应该注意，连接器250是接口模块140b的一部分，并且与通过网络以数字形式传送的视频(或任意模拟信号)相关，并且连接器250应当与图18b的基本模块185a的连接器83相区别，在连接器83中，视频为基本服务，并因此通过网络以模拟形式传送。
尽管针对有线和基于连接器的接口58对本发明进行了描述，但是应该理解，本发明同样适用于下述的插座，在该插座中，数据单元使用非有线接口，例如音频、光(例如，红外线)以及射频(通常称为无线)。在本发明人的于2001年10月25日公开的题为“Network Combining Wiredand Non-Wired Segments”的WO 01/80543中对这种插座进行了描述。在这种情况下，连接器58将由非有线收发器(例如，光发射机/接收机或RF天线)替代。图26示出了图14a所示的具有无线接口的插座140的视图的示例。图14a的模块140b中的数据连接器58由图26中所示的天线260替代。
尽管针对具有单个网络接口(例如，单个接口58)的插座对本发明进行了描述，但是应该理解，本发明同样适用于支持多个网络接口的情况。此外，可以在同一插座中采用所有接口类型的混合，例如有线数字、有线模拟和非有线接口。类似地，尽管针对具有单个基本服务连接(例如，电话连接器63、电力连接器73、CATV连接器83或者数据网络连接器232)的插座对本发明进行了描述，但是应该理解，本发明同样适用于支持多个这种连接的情况。
尽管针对具有单个接口模块(例如，插座130的模块130b或者插座140的模块140b)的插座对本发明进行了描述，但是应该理解，本发明同样适用于其中多个接口模块与单个基本模块一起使用的情况或者其中多个基本模块与单个接口模块一起使用的情况。
尽管针对仅需要一对配合连接器来实现电连接的分割对本发明进行了描述，但是良好的工程实践可能需要另外的接口电路来支持该连接。一个这种实施例包括一组线路驱动器和线路接收器，以使得能够在模块之间进行良好的通信。另外，也可以采用短路保护电路、活动插入(live-insertion)以及其他与连接相关的装置。
尽管针对基于诸如电线和电缆的导电介质的插座和网络对本发明进行了描述，但是应该理解，本发明同样适用于网络介质不导电(例如，光缆)的情况。在这种情况下，插座230的收发器233a应当由光纤收发器来替代，类似地，布线连接器231应当由光纤连接器来替代。Chu的于2002年10月10日公开的题为“Fiber Converter Faceplate Outlet”的美国专利申请US 2002/0146207，以及Thompson的题为“Single MediumWiring Scheme for Multiple Signal Distribution in Building andAccess Port Therefor”的美国专利6,108,331中描述了支持数据接口并基于光缆的有源插座。这样，本申请中的术语“布线”应该被理解为包括基于非导电介质(例如，光缆)的网络。
结构
为了使得基本模块和接口模块能够共同形成完整的插座，应该将接口模块机械地安装到基本模块上。这种机械安装也实现了两个配合连接器之间的正确连接，由此实现良好的电连接。以上视图示出了作为机械安装手段的侧挡115a和115b(接口模块滑入到侧挡115a和115b中)，并且其中使用了表面配合连接器类型。然而，应该理解，本发明同样适用于其中使用了其他机械安装手段的情况，以及其中采用了其他类型的配合连接器的情况。此外，某些连接器被设计用来提供机械支撑，因此除了电子功能以外，还可以在机械方面提供帮助。在所有情况下，机械结构应该考虑到接口模块的便捷安装和更换。
图27中示出了一个这种另选安装。图示了电话插座140，该电话插座140支持与上面的图14类似的功能。如图所示，接口模块140b’通过两个螺钉安装在基本模块140a’上。这两个螺钉271a和271b穿过接口模块140b’中的相应孔272a和272b，并分别配合到嵌入在基本模块 140a’中的螺纹273a和273b中。
图28中示出了针对插座140的模块140a”和140b”的另一机械安装概念。该安装利用了位于接口模块140b”上的弹性偏置插销281a和281b。当将接口模块140b”插入到基本模块140a”中的相应腔内时，这两个插销锁入到其相应的插口(receptacle)282a和282b中，以形成模块之间的牢固连接。图27和28的两种结构都示出了正面模块加载而不是上述的顶部加载。
标准扩展模块
扩展模块是本领域公知的，并且广泛用于向个人计算机和其他电子设备(例如PDA)添加容量和功能。这种扩展模块的示例包括通信卡，用于使得可以在电子设备之间建立电通信，或者使得可以连接电子设备。例如，通信卡通常与调制解调器、传真/调制解调器、局域网(LAN)适配器以及蜂窝电话设备一起使用。扩展模块的其他示例包括附加的存储器、处理能力以及外设接口。典型的扩展模块被设计为插入到主机设备的端口、插槽(slot)或插座(socket)中，并使用总线结构来进行与计算单元的数据连接。这种扩展模块通常根据规定的物理和电子标准来构建，从而保证不同制造商之间的兼容性。这些工业标准的示例是PCMCIA、ISA、EISA、PCI。
尽管已经针对普通接口模块对本发明进行了说明，但是应该理解，本发明同样适用于其中接口模块为扩展模块并且物理和电子规范符合工业标准的情况。图29示出了插座290，该插座290基于来自图18的插座180的适配器，以支持作为接口模块的标准扩展模块。插座180的接口模块180b由标准扩展模块290b来实现，该标准扩展模块290b与基本模块290a(为插座180的基本模块180a的修改版本)相连。这两个模块通过符合扩展模块连接器规范的连接器291和292进行连接。在大多数情况下，基本模块290a还应该包括标准扩展模块接口(未示出)，支持该接口的电子和功能规范，并符合扩展模块290b中的标准扩展模块接口293。
图30a和30b中示出了插座290的视图，其中使用了PCMCIA标准。接口模块290b被表示为已市场化的标准USB 2.0 PCMCIA卡，其机械和电子地安装在基本模块290a上。PCMCIA连接器292被表示为位于扩展模块290b上。所示的扩展卡通过USB连接器295a和295b提供了两个USB 2.0接口。类似地，扩展卡290b可以实现任意功能，例如存储器、处理和有线或者非有线连接。图31a和31b示出了无线连接的示例，其中天线260还被表示为扩展模块290b的一部分。
尽管针对标准模块对本发明进行了说明，其中基本模块用作虚拟主机并提供主机接口，但是应该理解，本发明同样适用于其中主机接口是接口模块的一部分的情况，以及基本模块包括扩展卡接口的情况。在这种结构中，可以使用数据单元(例如，个人数字助理(PDA)或蜂窝电话，或者任意其他小型数据单元)作为接口模块，并与通过布线传送的网络信号连接。图31c和31d中示出了这种示例。在图31c中，除了连接器351是用于与PDA 310b上的连接器相配合的扩展卡类型的连接器以外，基本模块310a与基本模块290a类似。图31d示出了所安装的用来形成全功能插座的模块。
基本模块供电
除了分割线A以外，在大多数实施中，基本模块都包括有源组件，因此需要供电。以下说明的三种非限制性电源包括本地馈电、通过布线供电以及经由接口模块供电。
本地馈电
在该实施中，基本模块与电源相连，该电源向基本模块的有源组件进行馈电。图32a和32b示出了这种机制的视图。使用了通用的小型AC/DC转换器320，该AC/DC转换器320通过插头322和基本模块上的相应插孔321连接到基本模块。图32b示出了该插座，其中适配器被插入到基本模块中。
可以在基本模块中使用电源适配器，以将外部电源调整为内部需要的电源。这种适配器可以包括：电压转换(例如，DC至DC转换器)，以适应特定的电压要求；保护电路(例如，保险丝或电流限制)；稳压和噪声过滤；以及本领域公知的其他功能。另外，这种适配器可以包括外部AC/DC转换器320，以使得基本模块可以直接与市电电源(mains)相连。 图33中示意性地示出了基于以上插座80的包括这种电源适配器功能322的插座330。电源适配器经由连接器321从外部源进行馈电，并向基本插座中的所有受馈组件输出所需的DC电力。尽管插座330示出了完整的未分割插座，但是应该理解，在以上讨论的各个相关分割中，电源适配器322及其相应的连接器321都是基本插座的一部分。
通过布线供电
在该实施例中，基本模块由通过插座所连接的布线传送的电力进行馈电。可以通过分离的导体来传送电力。在这种情况下，可以使用相同的布线连接器51来连接使用分离引脚的电力传送导体。另选地，可以使用另外的电力专用连接器。
在一个优选实施例中，在传送数据网络信号和/或基本服务信号的布线上同时传送电力。图34中示意性地示出了这种插座340。电力分离器功能341用于提取通过布线传送的电力，并将其馈入电源适配器322，而不是对适配器322进行外部馈电。在大多数情况下，电力分离器341的操作都不会干扰通过同一布线传送的数据和基本服务(例如，加载效应和阻抗匹配)。
在如上针对图7所示的插座70所述，基本服务是AC电力的情况下，这种机制的实现是不重要的。电力分离器341包括简单的过滤器，并且电源适配器322包括标准AC/DC转换器(与上述的外部单元320相似)。
近年来开发的技术使得可以通过同一布线基础结构同时传送电力和基本服务(以及数据)。Rabenko等人的题为“System and method forproviding power over a home phone line network”的美国专利公开20020003873描述了通过使用其他信号没有使用的一部分频谱，通过同时传送电话和数据的电话线来传送AC电力。类似地，在Lehr等人的题为“Structure Cabling System”的美国专利6,473,609中也说明了一种被称为基于以太网的电力(PoE)(也称为基于LAN的电力)并根据IEEE802.3af进行了标准化的新近技术，该技术描述了使用幻像机制(phantom mechanism)通过LAN布线来传送电力的方法。可以使用以上技术以及其他技术来为上述基本模块中的任何一个提供电力。
经由接口模块供电
在本实施例中，从接口模块向基本模块进行馈电。以下描述了接口模块的可能电源。用于数据传输的上述模块配合连接器也可以用于从接口模块向基本模块进行电力传输。另选地，可以使用专用于模块之间的电力传输的另外一组配合连接器。
接口模块供电
除了分割线E以外，在大多数实施中，接口模块包括有源组件，因此需要供电。此外，一些接口(例如，USB或IEEE802.3af)要求该接口经由同一数据连接器向所连接的数据单元供电。下面将对包括本地馈电、经由基本模块供电以及经由数据单元供电在内的三种非限制性电源示例进行说明。
本地馈电
与和基本模块相关的说明相似，可以使用专用电源连接器从本地电源向接口模块进行供电。如以上针对电源适配器322所述，可能需要电源适配器功能。
经由基本模块供电
在该结构中，使用专用电源或通过数据和电源连接器组，经由到基本模块的连接向接口模块进行供电。电源适配器322功能可以由两个模块共享和使用，或者每一个模块可以独立地使用专用的电源适配器功能。
经由数据单元供电
如上所述，多个数据接口标准还通过接口来传送电力。例如，在接口模块与USB主机单元相连的情况下，USB接口可以对接口模块进行馈电。
尽管针对单个电源对本发明进行了说明，但是应该理解，本发明同样适用于其中使用多个电源来实现冗余或负载共享的情况。
本领域的技术人员应该理解，可以按照包括电子硬件、计算机软件或二者的组合在内的任意多种方式来实现与在此公开的实施例相关地描述的各种例示性逻辑块、模块和电路。已在功能方面对各种例示性组件、块、模块和电路进行了总体说明。该功能实现为硬件还是软件取决于具体的应用以及施加给整个系统的设计约束。技术人员可以认识到硬件和 软件在这些情况下的可互换性，以及如何针对各个具体的应用来最好地实现所述功能。
尽管已经说明了本发明的示例性实施例，但是不应该将其理解为对所附权利要求的范围的限制。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可以对所述实施例进行多种修改。此外，对于各领域的技术人员来说，本发明本身在此建议了对其他任务的解决方案以及对于其他应用的调整。因此，这些实施例在所有方面都应该被视为是示例性的而非限制性的，参照所附权利要求而不是以上说明来表明本发明的范围。

Claims (26)

1.一种模块化插座，用于与位于建筑物墙中的传送多个信号的布线相连，所述插座包括基本模块和插入式接口模块，所述基本模块在单个包装中包括：
用于安装到建筑物的墙上的第一安装件；
用于与所述布线相连的第一连接器；
用于与所述接口模块的配合连接器相连的第二连接器；以及
与所述第二连接器不同的第二安装件，用于将所述接口模块安装在所述第二安装件上；
并且其中所述接口模块在单个的封装中包括所述配合连接器；
其中所述第二安装件适于仅对所述接口模块进行机械支撑，以使得当所述接口模块由所述第二安装件支撑时，所述基本模块的第二连接器与所述接口模块的配合连接器相互机械接触和电接触，
其特征在于，
所述布线经由相同电线至少同时传送数据网络信号和基本服务信号；
所述基本模块还包括用于将所述接口模块连接到所述数据网络信号的分离器/组合器，所述分离器/组合器用于在所述数据网络信号和基本服务信号间隔离，并且连接在所述第一连接器和第二连接器之间，以使得在所述第一连接器和第二连接器间仅通过所述数据网络信号；
其中所述基本模块安装在建筑物的墙中的插座槽上；并且
其中所述接口模块被供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的插座，其中，所述第二安装件是基于引导轨、螺钉和插销其中之一。
3.根据权利要求2所述的插座，其中，所述基本模块还包括用于连接第一装置的第三连接器，所述第三连接器连接所述分离器/组合器以用于在所述布线和所述第一装置之间仅通过所述基本服务信号。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的插座，其中，所述布线是从由电话线耦、AC电力线和CATV线缆构成的组中选择的，并且其中所述第一连接器分别连接所述布线，并且其中所述基本服务信号是从由模拟电话信号、AC电力信号和视频信号构成的组中选择的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的插座，还包括第三连接器，所述第三连接器是分别从由连接到模拟电话装置的电话连接器、连接到AC电力设备的AC电力插座和连接到CATV装置的同轴连接器构成的组中选择的。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的插座，其中，利用频分复用经由所述布线来同时传送所述数据网络信号和所述基本服务信号，并且其中所述分离器/组合器包括低通滤波器和高通滤波器。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的插座，其中，利用幻像电路经由所述布线来同时传送所述数据网络信号和基本服务信号。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的插座，其中，所述基本服务信号是AC或DC的电力信号，并且所述插座还分别包括AC/DC转换器或者DC/DC转换器，并且至少所述基本模块和所述接口模块之一由所述电力信号至少部分地提供电力。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的插座，其中，所述基本模块或所述接口模块还包括从电源接收电力信号的电力连接器，并且至少所述基本模块和所述接口模块之一由所述电力信号至少部分地提供电力。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的插座，其中，所述单个包装被构造成具有至少以下各项之一：
基本与标准插座的形状相似的形状；
基本与标准墙插座的墙安装部件相似的墙安装部件；以及
至少能部分代替标准插座的形状。
11.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的插座，其中，根据工业标准所述第二连接器和所述第二安装件共同形成个人计算机扩展插槽，并且其中所述接口模块是配套插入单元。
12.根据权利要求11所述的插座，其中所述个人计算机扩展插槽是以下之一：PCMCIA插槽，ISA插槽，EISA插槽和PCI插槽，并且所述接口模块分别符合PCMCIA标准，ISA标准，EISA标准和PCI标准之一。
13.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的插座，其中所述接口模块由作为个人数字助理的手持单元或蜂窝电话装置构成。
14.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的插座，其中所述第二连接器和所述配合连接器提供活动插入和短路保护。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的插座，可作为数字数据网络的一部分，其中所述数据网络信号是双向、串行基于分组的数字数据信号，并且其中所述插座还包括连接到所述第一连接器的调制解调器，以用于经由所述布线发送和接收所述数字数据信号。
16.根据权利要求15所述的插座，在数字数据网络中还可被寻址。
17.根据权利要求15所述的插座，还包括连接到所述调制解调器的多端口单元，所述多端口单元构成集线器。
18.根据权利要求15所述的插座，其中，所述插座还包括管理/处理单元，所述管理/处理单元支持至少以下各项之一：通信量管理、服务质量评估、性能管理、配置管理、记帐管理、故障管理和安全管理。
19.根据权利要求15所述的插座，其中所述接口模块还包括可连接到模拟单元的第三连接器，用于将所述模拟单元连接到所述数据网络信号。
20.根据权利要求19所述的插座，其中，所述第三连接器将模拟信号连接到模拟单元，并且其中所述插座还包括模拟和数字信号间的转换器，所述转换器连接在所述第三连接器和所述调制解调器之间，用于向所述模拟单元提供模拟连接，其中所述转换器至少是模数转换器和数模转换器之一。
21.根据权利要求17所述的插座，其中，所述接口模块还包括连接到所述多端口单元并且可连接到数字数据单元的第三连接器，用于与所述数字数据单元进行双向数字数据通信。
22.根据权利要求21所述的插座，其中，所述第三连接器是RJ-4连接器，并且与所述数据单元的通信是基于以太网IEEE802.310BaseT、100BaseTX或1000BaseT。
23.根据权利要求21所述的插座，其中，所述第三连接器以及与所述数据单元的通信是基于USB、IEEE1284和IEEE1394标准其中之一进行的。
24.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的插座，还包括无线收发器，用于经由无线媒体与无线数字数据单元进行通信，并且其中所述无线媒体选自光学、音频以及射频装置。
25.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的插座，其中，利用频分复用经由所述布线来同时传送所述数据网络信号和所述基本服务信号，并且其中所述分离器/组合器包括带通滤波器。
26.根据权利要求1所述的插座，其中，所述接口模块包括有源组件。
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US20120028506A1 (en) 2012-02-02
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US8591264B2 (en) 2013-11-26
US20050010954A1 (en) 2005-01-13
US8360810B2 (en) 2013-01-29
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US7688841B2 (en) 2010-03-30
US20110097939A1 (en) 2011-04-28
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US7867035B2 (en) 2011-01-11
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CA2536377A1 (en) 2005-03-17
US20070041340A1 (en) 2007-02-22
CN102270801B (zh) 2014-06-18
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US7873062B2 (en) 2011-01-18
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