CN1854850B - Display device - Google Patents
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- CN1854850B CN1854850B CN2006100748732A CN200610074873A CN1854850B CN 1854850 B CN1854850 B CN 1854850B CN 2006100748732 A CN2006100748732 A CN 2006100748732A CN 200610074873 A CN200610074873 A CN 200610074873A CN 1854850 B CN1854850 B CN 1854850B
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
Abstract
An optical system consisting of a reflective polarizer, a lambda/4 retarder, and a functional transparent plate with first facets and second facets which is provided on a display panel assembly improves utilization efficiency of exterior light, so that display luminance of a reflective or a transmissive LCD operating in a reflection mode is improved. In another embodiment, an optical system consisting of a lambda/4 retarder, a selective reflection layer, and a functional transparent plate with first facets and second facets may be used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to transflective liquid crystal display device or reflection-type liquid-crystal display device.
Background technology
Usually, LCD (LCD) comprises paired panel and is interposed in dielectric anisotropic liquid crystals (LC) layer between the panel that panel has the electrode on their inside surfaces separately.In LCD, the variation of the voltage difference between electric field generating electrode, i.e. the variation of the electric field intensity that is produced by electrode has changed the optical transmission rate by LCD, has therefore obtained desirable image by the voltage difference between the control electrode.
According to the kind of the light source that is used for the image demonstration, LCD is divided into three types: transmission-type, reflection-type and trans-reflecting type.In transmission-type LCD, use backlight from the back side illuminaton pixel.In reflection type LCD, use and be derived from the incident light of surrounding environment from the front illuminated pixel.Trans-reflecting type LCD combines the characteristic of transmission-type and reflection-type.Under the intermediate light condition, such as indoor environment or when fully dark, these LCD are with transmission mode work, and under very bright condition, in outdoor environment, they are then with reflective-mode work.
In trans-reflecting type LCD and reflection type LCD, two kinds of absorptive polarizers are attached to the outside surface of panel respectively, and these two kinds of polarizers are by add the film that iodine molecule or dichromatic dye prepare in stretching PVA.Usually, absorptive polarizers has unique optical characteristics.That is, they only allow the P ripple of incident light by absorbing the S ripple.In theory, the incident light of absorptive polarizers transmission 50% and absorb remaining 50%.But because optical loss in its surface, absorptive polarizers is transmission 43% to 45% in fact only.At the light that passes absorptive polarizers owing to turn back to the situation of same absorptive polarizers once more in the reflection of reflecting electrode, pass the optical transmission rate of absorptive polarizers and have only 39% to 41% again, though the reflecting electrode place be reflected into 100% and color filter do not cause optical loss.Therefore, caused optical loss, also because the actual reflection at the reflecting electrode place is not 100%, so actual transmission is less than 39% to 41% owing to be used for the colored color filter that shows.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to improve visuality and display brightness with the LCD of reflective-mode work.
In order to realize this purpose, reflection type LCD of the present invention or transmission-type LCD use a kind of optical system, it comprises reflective polarizer, λ/4 delayers and the function transparent panel that is successively set on the display panel assembly, and the function transparent panel has first facet and second facet.In addition, can also use another kind of optical system, it comprises λ/4 delayers, selection reflection horizon and the function transparent panel that is successively set on the display panel assembly.
Particularly, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of display device, it comprises: display panel assembly; Reflective polarizer is arranged on the described display panel assembly, with the outside incident light of transmission linear polarization at the outside incident light of the linear polarization on the first direction and on being reflected in perpendicular to the second direction of described first direction; The one λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described reflective polarizer; And the function transparent panel, being arranged on a described λ/4 delayers, the top surface of described function transparent panel comprises the part of no cholesteric liquid crystal material and the part of cholesteric liquid crystal material is arranged.
This display device can also comprise: the 2nd λ/4 delayers is arranged between described reflective polarizer and the described display panel assembly; First absorptive polarizers is arranged between described the 2nd λ/4 delayers and the described reflective polarizer; Second absorptive polarizers is arranged under the described display panel assembly; The 3rd λ/4 delayers is arranged between described second absorptive polarizers and the described display panel assembly.
Reflective polarizer can be the polarizer that utilizes two brightness enhancement films (DBEF), and it is based on the anisotropy of the reflectivity that is caused by the refraction coefficient anisotropy, or meticulous linear pattern and preparing.
This display device can also comprise the back light unit that is arranged under the described display panel assembly.
In this device, display panel assembly, reflective polarizer, a λ/4 delayers and function transparent panel can be by the cementing agent combinations.
Because the surface structure of the basal surface of described function transparent panel or the top surface of a described λ/4 delayers, the space can be formed between described function transparent panel and a λ/4 delayers, and these spaces can be equaled the packing material filling of the mean refraction coefficient of described function transparent panel and a λ/4 delayers by refraction coefficient.As the packing material that is used for described space, can use organosilicon sill such as silicones.
Display panel assembly comprises liquid crystal layer.The liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal layer is arranged to switch (IPS) pattern in 90 ° of twisted-nematics (TN) pattern, vertical orientation (VA) pattern, electrically conerolled birefringence (ECB) pattern or the face.
The top surface of function transparent panel can have a plurality of prisms, and this prism comprises first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.In this situation, first facet of no cholesteric liquid crystal material and have the facet of cholesteric liquid crystal material to be formed at the top surface of function transparent panel, and can distinguish reflected light once.Therefore, the light of reflection returns once more to a described λ/4 delayers.
The function transparent panel can have top surface and basal surface, and this top surface and basal surface can have cameo or intaglio depiction.At this moment, the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces can form from departing from each other.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of display device, it comprises: display panel assembly; The one λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described display panel assembly; Reflective polarizer is arranged on a described λ/4 delayers, with the incident light of transmission linear polarization at the incident light of the linear polarization on the first direction and on being reflected in perpendicular to the second direction of described first direction; The 2nd λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described reflective polarizer; The function transparent panel is arranged on described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, and the top surface of described function transparent panel has first facet and second facet, wherein said second facet only transmission incident light of polarization on specific direction component and reflect all the other components; The 3rd λ/4 delayers is arranged under the described display panel assembly; Following polarizer is arranged under described the 3rd λ/4 delayers.
Second facet that is formed on the top surface of described function transparent panel can have cholesteric liquid crystal layers thereon.
Display device can also comprise polarizer, and polarizer is arranged between a described λ/4 delayers and the described reflective polarizer on this.
Reflective polarizer can be the polarizer that utilizes two brightness enhancement films (DBEF), and it is based on the anisotropy of the reflectivity that is caused by the refraction coefficient anisotropy, or meticulous linear pattern prepares.
This display device can also comprise the back light unit that is arranged under the described display panel assembly.
In this device, function transparent panel, the 2nd λ/4 delayers, reflective polarizer, a λ/4 delayers, display panel assembly, the 3rd λ/4 delayers and following polarizer are by the cementing agent combination.
Because the surface structure of the basal surface of described function transparent panel or the top surface of described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, the space can be formed between described function transparent panel and the 2nd λ/4 delayers, and these spaces are equaled the packing material filling of the mean refraction coefficient of described function transparent panel and the 2nd λ/4 delayers by refraction coefficient.As the packing material that is used for described space, can use organosilicon sill such as silicones.
Be formed on second facet only the dextropolarization component of transmission incident light or the left-hand polarization component and reflect all the other components of the top surface of function transparent panel.
The top surface of function transparent panel has prism structure, and described prism structure comprises first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.In this case, first facet and second facet can be reflected respectively from the light of the 2nd λ/4 delayer incidents once.Therefore, the light of reflection returns once more to the 2nd λ/4 delayers.
The function transparent panel can have top surface and basal surface, and this top surface and basal surface have cameo or intaglio depiction.In this structure, the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces forms from departing from each other.
According to still another embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of display device, having comprised: display panel assembly; The one λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described display panel assembly; Reflective polarizer is arranged on a described λ/4 delayers, with the incident light of transmission linear polarization at the incident light of the linear polarization on the first direction and on being reflected in perpendicular to the second direction of described first direction; The 2nd λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described reflective polarizer; And the function transparent panel, be arranged on described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, the top surface of described function transparent panel has first facet and second facet, wherein said second facet only transmission incident light of polarization on specific direction component and reflect all the other components.
Second facet that is formed on the top surface of function transparent panel has cholesteric liquid crystal layers thereon.In addition, be formed on second facet only the dextropolarization component of transmission incident light or the left-hand polarization component and reflect all the other components of the top surface of function transparent panel.
The top surface of function transparent panel has prism structure, and this prism structure comprises first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.
The function transparent panel can have top surface and basal surface, and this top surface and basal surface have cameo or intaglio depiction.In this structure, the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces forms from departing from each other.
Being formed on first facet of top surface of function transparent panel and second facet reflects respectively from the light of the 2nd λ/4 delayer incidents once.Therefore, reflected light returns once more to the 2nd λ/4 delayers.
Because the surface structure of the basal surface of function transparent panel or the top surface of described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, the space can be formed between described function transparent panel and the 2nd λ/4 delayers, and these spaces are equaled the packing material filling of the mean refraction coefficient of described function transparent panel and the 2nd λ/4 delayers by refraction coefficient.As the packing material that is used for described space, can use organosilicon sill such as silicones.
According to still another embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of display device, it comprises: display panel assembly; Select the reflection horizon, be arranged on the described display panel assembly, with transmission at the component of the circularly polarized outside incident light on the first direction be reflected in the component of circularly polarized outside incident light on the second direction opposite with described first direction; And the function transparent panel, being arranged on the described selection reflection horizon, the top surface of described function transparent panel comprises the part of no cholesteric liquid crystal material and the part of cholesteric liquid crystal material is arranged.
This display device can also comprise: first polarizer is arranged between described selection reflection horizon and the described display panel assembly; The one λ/4 delayers is arranged between described first polarizer and the described display panel assembly; The 2nd λ/4 delayers is arranged between described selection reflection horizon and described first polarizer; Second polarizer is arranged under the described display panel assembly; The 3rd λ/4 delayers is arranged between described second polarizer and the described display panel assembly; Back light unit is arranged under the described display panel assembly.
In this structure, select the reflection horizon to form by cholesteric liquid crystal material.
In this device, display panel assembly, selection reflection horizon and function transparent panel can use the cementing agent combination.
Because the surface structure of the top surface in the basal surface of function transparent panel or selection reflection horizon, the space can be formed on described function transparent panel and select between the reflection horizon, and these spaces equal described function transparent panel by refraction coefficient and select the packing material of the mean refraction coefficient in reflection horizon to fill. as the packing material that is used for described space, can use organosilicon sill such as silicones.
This display device comprises the LC layer.The liquid crystal molecule that this LC layer has is arranged to switch (IPS) pattern in 90 ° of twisted-nematics (TN) pattern, vertical orientation (VA) pattern, electrically conerolled birefringence (ECB) pattern or the face.
The top surface of function transparent panel can have a plurality of prisms, and this prism comprises first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.In this structure, first facet that the top surface of function transparent panel forms and second facet are reflected respectively from the light of selecting reflection horizon incident once.Therefore, the light of reflection returns once more to described selection reflection horizon.
The function transparent panel can have top surface and basal surface, and this top surface and basal surface have cameo or intaglio depiction.In this situation, the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces forms from departing from each other.
According to still another embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of display device, it comprises: display panel assembly; The one λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described display panel assembly; First polarizer is arranged on a described λ/4 delayers, the outside incident light of the linear polarization of wherein said first polarizer transmission on first direction, and be reflected in outside incident light perpendicular to linear polarization on the second direction of described first direction; The 2nd λ/4 delayers is arranged on described first polarizer; Select the reflection horizon, be arranged on described the 2nd λ/4 delayers,, and be reflected in the make progress component of circularly polarized incident light of the four directions opposite with described third direction with the component of the circularly polarized incident light of transmission on third direction; The function transparent panel is arranged on the described selection reflection horizon, and the top surface of described function transparent panel has first facet and second facet, wherein said second facet only transmission incident light of polarization on specific direction component and reflect all the other components; The 3rd λ/4 delayers is arranged under the described display panel assembly; And second polarizer, be arranged under described the 3rd λ/4 delayers.
In this structure, second facet that is formed on the top surface of function transparent panel has cholesteric liquid crystal layers thereon, and selects the reflection horizon to be formed by cholesteric liquid crystal material.
This display device can also comprise the back light unit that is arranged under the described display panel assembly.
In this device, function transparent panel, selection reflection horizon, the 2nd λ/4 delayers, first polarizer, a λ/4 delayers, display panel assembly, the 3rd λ/4 delayers and second polarizer are by the cementing agent combination.
Because the surface structure of the basal surface of described function transparent panel or the top surface in described selection reflection horizon, space are formed on described function transparent panel and select between the reflection horizon.These spaces equal described function transparent panel by refraction coefficient and select the packing material of the mean refraction coefficient in reflection horizon to fill.As the packing material in space, can use organosilicon sill such as silicones.
Be formed on second facet only the dextropolarization component or the left-hand polarization component of transmission incident light of the top surface of described function transparent panel, and reflect all the other components.
The top surface of function transparent panel can have prism structure, and this prism structure can comprise first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.In this situation, be formed on first facet of top surface of function transparent panel and second facet and reflect respectively once from the light of described selection reflection horizon incident.Therefore, the light of reflection returns once more to described selection reflection horizon.
The function transparent panel can have top surface and basal surface, and this top surface and basal surface have cameo or intaglio depiction.In this situation, the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces forms from departing from each other.
According to still another embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of display device, it comprises: display panel assembly; The one λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described display panel assembly; First polarizer is arranged on a described λ/4 delayers, the light of wherein said first polarizer transmission linear polarization at the light of the linear polarization on the first direction with on being reflected in perpendicular to the second direction of described first direction; The 2nd λ/4 delayers is arranged on described first polarizer; Select the reflection horizon, be arranged on described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, with the component of the circularly polarized light of transmission on third direction be reflected in the make progress component of circularly polarized light of the four directions opposite with described third direction; The function transparent panel is arranged on the described selection reflection horizon, and the top surface of described function transparent panel has first facet and second facet, wherein said second facet only transmission incident light of polarization on specific direction component and reflect all the other components.
Second facet that is formed on the top surface of described function transparent panel can have cholesteric liquid crystal layers thereon, and only the dextropolarization component or the left-hand polarization component of transmission incident light, and reflects all the other components.
The top surface of function transparent panel can have prism structure, and this prism structure comprises first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.In this situation, be formed on first facet of top surface of described function transparent panel and second facet and can reflect respectively once from the light of described selection reflection horizon incident.Therefore, described reflected light returns once more to described selection reflection horizon.
The function transparent panel can have top surface and basal surface, and this top surface and basal surface have cameo or intaglio depiction.In this situation, the summit of the pattern on these two surfaces forms from departing from each other.
Because the surface structure of the basal surface of function transparent panel or the top surface in described selection reflection horizon, space are formed on described function transparent panel and select between the reflection horizon.These spaces equal described function transparent panel by refraction coefficient and select the packing material of the mean refraction coefficient in reflection horizon to fill.As the packing material that is used for described space, can use organosilicon sill such as silicones.
Description of drawings
By the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings in further detail, above-mentioned purpose of the present invention and advantage will be clearer.
Fig. 1 is the layout of LCD according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view that the line II-II ' along Fig. 1 is intercepted.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view that the line III-III ' along Fig. 1 is intercepted.
Fig. 4 shows the vertical synoptic diagram according to the LCD of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows the variation according to the polarized state of light on the LCD top of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 be relatively when LCD at the reflective-mode that uses exterior light with the view of the polarization state when using the transmission mode work of interior lights.
Fig. 7 to 12 illustrates the schematic cross-sectional view of the processing step of manufacturing function transparent panel according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 13 is the schematic cross-sectional view of the function transparent panel of LCD in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the viewgraph of cross-section that the variation of the polarized state of light in the reflection type LCD of another embodiment according to the present invention is shown.
Figure 15 is the layout of the LCD of another embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 16 is the cross-sectional view that the line XVI-XVI ' along Figure 15 is intercepted.
Figure 17 is the cross-sectional view that the line XVII-XVII ' along Figure 15 is intercepted.
Figure 18 shows the vertical synoptic diagram of LCD in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 19 shows the variation of polarized state of light on the LCD top of another embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 20 be relatively when LCD at the reflective-mode that uses exterior light with the view of the polarization state when using transmission mode work from the interior lights of back light unit.
Figure 21 to 24 is schematic cross-sectional view of processing step that the selection reflection horizon of manufacturing LCD according to still another embodiment of the invention is shown.
Figure 25 is the schematic cross-sectional view of processing step of function transparent panel that the manufacturing LCD of another embodiment according to the present invention is shown to Figure 30.
Figure 31 is the schematic cross-sectional view of function transparent panel of the LCD of another embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 32 is the viewgraph of cross-section that the variation of the polarized state of light in the reflection type LCD of another embodiment according to the present invention is shown.
Embodiment
Describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing more all sidedly thereafter, shown the preferred embodiments of the present invention in the accompanying drawings.But the present invention can realize and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiment that sets forth here with different forms.On the contrary, provide these embodiment to make the disclosure, and scope of the present invention is conveyed to those skilled in the art all sidedly fully with complete.
In the accompanying drawings, for clear, exaggerated the thickness in floor, film and district.The similar in the whole text similar element of label indication.Be appreciated that when the element such as floor, film, district and substrate be called as another element " on " time, can also can there be intermediary element in it directly on other elements.
Here, will according to a preferred embodiment of the invention LCD be described referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 3.
Fig. 1 is the layout of LCD according to an embodiment of the invention.Fig. 2 and 3 is schematic cross section of the LCD that intercepted along line II-II ' and the III-III ' of Fig. 1 respectively.
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 3, the LCD of present embodiment has tft array panel 100 respect to one another, common electrode panel 200 and is folded in liquid crystal layer 3 between them, and liquid crystal layer 3 has the liquid crystal with two panels 100 and 200 surperficial parallel or homeotropic alignment.
Can be 90 ° of distortions (TN) nematic-mode, vertical orientation (VA) pattern, electrically conerolled birefringence (ECB) pattern with the LC molecules align in the LC layer 3.
100 configurations of tft array panel are as follows.
The grid line 121 that is used to transmit gate signal along continuous straight runs basically extends and from being separated from each other.The end 125 that every grid line 121 comprises a plurality of gate electrodes that project upwards 124 and has the relatively large size that is used to be connected to external device (ED).
All transverse sides of grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131 are the scope with respect to the about 20-80 of the surface tilt of substrate 110 ° preferably.
By such as silicon nitride (SiN
x) or monox (SiO
2) gate insulation layer 140 made is formed on grid line 121 and the storage electrode line 131.
The a plurality of linear semiconductor of being made by amorphous silicon hydride (being called for short " a-Si ") or polysilicon 151 is formed on the gate insulation layer 140.Each linear semiconductor 151 substantially vertically extends, and comprise along corresponding gate electrode 124 extend a plurality of outstanding 154 and from corresponding outstanding 154 a plurality of extensions 157 of extending.Linear semiconductor 151 is expanded to cover them fully near grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131.
A plurality of linear Ohmic contact 161 and island Ohmic contact 165 are formed on the linear semiconductor 151.Ohmic contact 161 and 165 can be made by silicide or the heavily doped n+ amorphous silicon hydride of n type impurity.Linear Ohmic contact 161 comprises a plurality of outstanding 163.Outstanding 163 and 165 groups of island Ohmic contact be positioned at semiconductor 151 outstanding 154 on.
The scope of all sides of semiconductor 151 and Ohmic contact 161 and 165 with respect to the about 20-80 of the surface tilt of substrate 110 °.
Be used for the data line 171 vertically extension and crossing basically of transmission of data signals with grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131.Every data line 171 comprises end 179, and end 179 has the bigger size that is connected with another layer or external device (ED).
Each drain electrode 175 comprises the expansion 177 overlapping with one of storage electrode 133.Every data line 171 also comprises multiple source electrode 173, and the corresponding gate electrode 124 in source electrode 173 edges is given prominence to and extended to gate electrode 124.Each source electrode 173 is around the local part of the bar shaped end of drain electrode 175.
Similar in appearance to grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131, the scope of all sides of data line 171 and drain electrode 175 with respect to the about 20-80 of the surface tilt of substrate 110 °.
A plurality of pixel electrodes 190 are formed on the organic insulator 187.
Each pixel electrode 190 comprises transparency electrode 192 and the reflecting electrode 194 that is formed on this transparency electrode 192.Transparency electrode 192 is by making such as the transparent conductive material of ITO or IZO, and reflecting electrode 194 is made by the reflectivity opaque material that has such as Al, Al alloy, Ag or Ag alloy.Each pixel electrode 190 can also comprise the auxiliary (not shown) of the contact of being made by Mo, Mo alloy, Cr, Ti or Ta.The auxiliary contact performance that has guaranteed between transparency electrode 192 and the reflecting electrode 194 of this contact prevents simultaneously because transparency electrode 192 oxidation reflecting electrodes 194.
Each pixel is divided into the echo area RA that does not have the transmission area of reflecting electrode 194 TA and have reflecting electrode 194.Organic insulator 187 removes from transmission area TA, thereby forms transmission window 195 herein.Because transmission window 195, almost be that the twice of cell gap of echo area RA is big at the cell gap of transmission area TA, thus the path difference between compensation transmission area TA and the echo area RA.
With pixel electrode 190 by contact hole 185 physically with electric on be connected to the expansion 177 of drain electrode 175, to receive data voltages from drain electrode 175.Provide data voltage to pixel electrode 190, produce electric field, determine to be folded in two molecular orientation in the LC layer 3 between the electrode thereby cooperate with the public electrode 270 of common electrode panel 200.
Every group of pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 270 form the LC capacitors, and this LC capacitor can stored the voltage that is applied after TFT.In order to increase the store voltages ability of LC capacitor, also provide the holding capacitor that is parallel-connected to the LC capacitor.The expansion 177 and the storage electrode 133 of overlapping drain electrode 175 have been realized holding capacitor.In addition, overlaid pixel electrode 190 and adjacent with it grid line 121 can be realized holding capacitor.In this situation, can omit storage electrode line 131.
A plurality of contacts auxiliary 95 and 97 are formed on the passivation layer 180 with pad (pad) partial association, and are connected to the end 125 of grid line 121 and the end 179 of data line 171 by contact hole 182 and 183 respectively.Contact auxiliary 95 and 97 replenish ends 125 and 179 and external devices between tack, and protect them.Contact auxiliary 95 and 97 can be formed on the layer identical with transparency electrode 192 or reflecting electrode 194.But, because their dispensable elements, so it can be omitted.
The light blocking member 220 that is called " black matrix " is provided on the insulated substrate 210 that forms by the transparent insulation material such as glass.Light blocking member 220 prevents the light by leaking out every rib between the pixel electrode 190, and defining surface is to the open region of pixel electrode 190.
A plurality of color filters 230 are formed on substrate 210 and the light blocking member 220, and their major parts are arranged in the open region that is defined by light blocking member 220.One of each color filter 230 vertically is formed between two adjacent data lines 171, and performance red, green and blue look.Color filter 230 is connected to each other with strip.
In typical trans-reflecting type LCD, in transmission area TA, light only passes through color filter 230 once, and in the RA of echo area, light is by twice.Therefore, between transmission area TA and echo area RA, produced the difference of tone.In order to reduce the difference of the tone between these two zones of TA and RA, can use two kinds of methods.First method is, forms its thickness according to the difference of the position of color filter 230.That is, in the method, the specific part that is arranged on the color filter 230 among the transmission area TA forms and must be thicker than the remainder that is arranged among the RA of echo area.Second method is to form unthreaded hole in the RA of the echo area of color filter 230.
Be formed on light blocking member 220 and the light filter 230 by the public electrode of making such as the transparent conductive material of ITO or IZO 270.
Following polarizer 12 and last polarizer 22 are attached to the outside surface of two panels 100 and 200 respectively.The axis of homology of the axis of homology of last polarizer 22 (θ) and following polarizer 12 (θ+90 °) meets at right angles each other and intersects.
Following λ/4 delayers 13 are interposed between tft array panel 100 and the following polarizer 12, and λ/4 delayers 14 are interposed between common electrode panel 200 and the last polarizer 22 on first.
Function transparent panel 17 is arranged on the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16.The top surface of function transparent panel 17 is made of a plurality of prisms.Each prism comprises the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2, does not have additional materials on the first facet 17-1, has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on the second facet 17-2.
Below, will explain the structure of above-mentioned LCD and light polarization principle in identical LCD.
Fig. 4 shows the vertical synoptic diagram according to the LCD of the embodiment of the invention.
The display panel assembly 300 of Fig. 4 comprises tft array panel 100 and common electrode panel 200 and is folded in LC layer 3 between them.
Following λ/4 delayers 13 are attached to the lower surface of display panel assembly 300, and following polarizer 12 then is attached to down the lower surface of λ/4 delayers 13.
Simultaneously, λ/4 delayers 14 are attached to the upper surface of display panel assembly 300 on first, and last polarizer 22 then is attached to the upper surface of λ on first/4 delayers 14.Reflective polarizer 15 is attached to the upper surface of polarizer 22, and the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 then are attached on the reflective polarizer 15.Function transparent panel 17 is formed on the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, and its top surface is constituted by the first facet 17-1 and second a plurality of of facet 17-2.
To provide the more detailed explanation of said structure below.
The LCD of this embodiment has used three λ/4 delayers altogether.By orthogonal and be parallel to respectively they fast axle and two polarized components of slow axis between cause quarter-wave differing, these three λ/4 delayers 13,14 and 16 each all circularly polarized light is converted to linear polarized light or linear polarized light is converted to circularly polarized light.Here, in the reality, circularly polarized light can be an elliptically polarized light, but for convenience, elliptically polarized light also can be called as circularly polarized light.
Three λ/4 delayers 13,14 and 16 fast axle be preferably formed in polarizer 12 and 22 the axis of homology (θ and θ+90 °) ± 45 °, to maximize differing between these two polarized components.Yet, except be set to be perpendicular to one another or parallel, they can be arranged on different angles.
Function transparent panel 17 is formed by transparent material and has the prism top surface that is made of a plurality of first facet 17-1 and a plurality of second facet 17-2, as shown in Figure 4.On the first facet 17-1, there is not additional materials, on the second facet 17-2, has cholesteric liquid crystal layers.The second facet 17-2 transmission with the optical axis equidirectional of cholesteric liquid crystal layers on the circularly polarized incident light that rotates, and the reflection circularly polarized incident light of rotation in the opposite direction.The preparation method of the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 will be described below.
Function transparent panel 17, the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, reflective polarizer 15, go up λ/4 delayers on the polarizer 22, first, display panel assembly 300, λ/4 delayers 13 and following polarizer 12 be successively by the cementing agent combination down.
Fig. 5 shows the variation at the polarized state of light on the LCD top with function transparent panel 17, the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, reflective polarizer 15 and last polarizer 22.
As shown in Figure 5, the light that incides on the function transparent panel 17 is divided into three kinds of light (A, B and C) according to incoming position and incident angle.
At first, three kinds of incident lights (A) in the light are described.
Light (A) incides on the second facet 17-2 of function transparent panel 17, is separated into the independent light (A-1) of two bundles that light path differs from one another and (A-2).Promptly, when light (A) contact is formed with the second facet 17-2 of cholesteric liquid crystal layers, only have with the optical axis equidirectional of cholesteric liquid crystal layers on the right-circularly polarized light (A-1) of the incident light (A) that rotates pass function transparent panel 17, Xuan Zhuan left circularly polarized light (A-2) then is reflected in the opposite direction.
The light (A-1) that passes function transparent panel 17 is then by the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16.At this moment, light (A-1) is converted to the light of the linear polarization on directions X.Next, linearly polarized photon (A-1) is successively by reflective polarizer 15 and last polarizer 22.In this structure, the axis of homology of last polarizer 22 is on directions X, and the axis of reflection of reflective polarizer 15 is then on the Y direction.
Simultaneously, left circularly polarized light (A-2) passes the first facet 17-1 then by second adjacent facet 17-2 secondary reflection again.During these processes successively, the polarization state of light (A-2) keeps not changing.This is possible, because be formed with the second facet 17-2 of cholesteric liquid crystal layers can not cause polarized state of light when reflected light any variation.Next, left circularly polarized light (A-2) enters the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16.At this moment, the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 are converted to linearly polarized photon on the Y direction with incident light (A-2).Then, linearly polarized photon (A-2) is returned by reflective polarizer 15, because the polarization direction of the axis of reflection of reflective polarizer 15 and light (A-2) is on same direction.Light by reflective polarizer 15 reflections is designated as (A-3) in Fig. 5.
Incident light (B) will be described below.
Light (B) incides on the first facet 17-1 of function transparent panel 17, even and pass function transparent panel 17 and the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16. after passing the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, light (B) comprises the component of all directions that do not change. in other words, the institute of the 2nd λ/4 delayers, 16 transmission incident lights (B) is important. next, light (B) enters reflective polarizer 15, the axis of homology that reflective polarizer 15 only allows to be parallel to it (promptly, X-axis) those components of light pass through, and reflection is perpendicular to the component of the axis of homology. therefore, light (B) is divided into the independent light (B-1) of two bundles and (B-2) by reflective polarizer 15.
Simultaneously, light (C) vertically incides on the second facet 17-2 of function transparent panel 17, also is divided into the independent light (C-1) of two bundles that light path differs from one another and (C-2).Promptly, with the optical axis equidirectional of cholesteric liquid crystal layers on the right-hand circular polarization component (C-1) of the incident light (C) that rotates pass function transparent panel 17, advance along the path identical with light (A-1) then, the Left-hand circular polarization component (C-2) of Xuan Zhuan incident light (C) then reflects at the second facet 17-2 place and leaves in the opposite direction.Here, the plane angle of the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 can be controlled and make Left-hand circular polarization reflected light (C-2) incide once more on the first facet 17-1, enters the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 then after by 17 reflections of function transparent panel or refraction.
Simultaneously, by the linear polarization light (A-3) of reflective polarizer 15 reflection and (B-2) enter the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 once more.At this moment, the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 with incident light (A-3) and (B-2) are converted to left circularly polarized light (D).Left circularly polarized light (D) is divided into two-beam line (D-1) and (D-2) according to the incoming position of light (D).That is, light (D-1) is incident on the first facet 17-1 of function transparent panel 17, and light (D-2) is incident on the second facet 17-2 of function transparent panel 17.This two-beam line (D-1) and (D-2) respectively by the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 double reflection.At this moment, light (D-1) and (D-2) by having experienced 180 ° phase change in the reflection of the first facet 17-1, thus they all change right-hand circular polarization light into.Next, right-hand circular polarization light (D-1) and (D-2) enter the 2nd λ/4 delayers, 16, the two λ/4 delayers, 16 transmission incident raies (D-1) and (D-2) once more changes them on the directions X linearly polarized photon in the mode similar to light (A-1).
As mentioned above, the first facet 17-1 by function transparent panel 17 and the second facet 17-2 do not leave LCD from the light of surrounding environment incident after by reflective polarizer 15 reflections, change the polarization direction and turn back to reflective polarizer 15 once more, thereby improved the display brightness of the LCD in the reflective-mode.In order to realize this effect, decision design function transparent panel 17 makes its first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 show the maximum refractive index difference of possibility, has the size of possibility maximum simultaneously.Also preferably become the dihedral between two facet 17-1 and the 17-2 big as far as possible.Externally total reflection can not take place when externally light enters function transparent panel 17 in the situation that differs greatly between the refraction coefficient of air and function transparent panel 17, and produces total reflection during from function transmittance plate 17 emission when light.Therefore, improved the service efficiency of exterior light.
Fig. 6 be relatively when LCD at the reflective-mode that uses exterior light with the view of the polarization state when using the transmission mode work of interior lights.
In this embodiment, LC layer 3 is made of twisted-nematic LC molecule.Twisted-nematic LC molecule has distinctive optical property.Particularly, when applying electric field, they align in vertical direction, do not cause variation thus to the polarized state of light that passes through LC layer 3, but when not applying electric field, they align in the horizontal direction, cause the variation to the polarized state of light that passes through LC layer 3 thus.
Below, will at first describe with reference to figure 6 variation of polarized state of light when LC layer 3 not being applied electric field.
In Fig. 6, leftmost light (R1) be in reflective-mode when LC layer 3 not being applied electric field from the light of surrounding environment incident. light (R1) passes reflective polarizer 15 and last polarizer 22. these linearly polarized photons (R1) continuously as the linearly polarized photon on the directions X and enters 14. this moments of λ on first/4 delayers then, λ on first/4 delayers 14 change this incident light into right-circularly polarized light. and this right-circularly polarized light (R1) enters LC layer 3. in this situation after insulated substrate 210 and the color filter 230 on passing, owing to do not provide electric field to LC layer 3, so this light changes the linearly polarized photon on the Y direction into. linearly polarized photon (R1) however by at the reflection Rotate 180 of reflecting electrode 194 °., light (R1) is even still keep the polarization state no change after rotation. and the light of reflection (R1) changes right-circularly polarized light once more into when passing LC layer 3, on passing, enter 14. this moments of λ on first/4 delayers then after color filter 230 and the insulated substrate 210, λ on first/4 delayers 14 change this right-circularly polarized light (R1) on the directions X linearly polarized photon. next, this linearly polarized photon (R1) polarizer 22 and penetrating on passing enters that the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16. at this moment after the polarizer 15, this linearly polarized photon (R1) changes right-circularly polarized light into by the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, leave LCD. this moment then after passing function transparent panel 17, lcd screen is shown as white states.
Simultaneously, light source is that back light unit 500 provides light internally.This light passes down polarizer 12.In this step, only have the linear polarization component (T) of the light on the Y direction to keep, and all the other components are absorbed removal.This linear polarization component (T) changes left circularly polarized light (T1, T2) into by following λ/4 delayers 13.Light (T1) is the light that provides of light source internally when not having electric field to be applied to LC layer 3 in transmission mode.Left circularly polarized light (T1) enters LC layer 3 after the insulated substrate 110 under passing, and changes right-circularly polarized light into when passing LC layer 3.This right-circularly polarized light (T1) passes insulated substrate 210, enters λ on first/4 delayers 14 then.At this moment, light (T1) changes the linearly polarized photon on the directions X into by λ/4 delayers 14 on first.Next, this linearly polarized photon (T1) passes polarizer 22 and reflective polarizer 15 continuously.Then, the light (T1) that passes these two polarizers passes the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, is changed into right-circularly polarized light thus.This right-circularly polarized light (T1) leaves LCD then.At this moment, lcd screen is shown as white states.
Below, will at first discuss with reference to figure 6 to the variation of polarization state in the situation of the LC layer 3 that applies electric field.
In Fig. 6, light (R2) is from the light of surrounding environment incident when in reflective-mode LC layer 3 being applied electric field.Light (R2) passes reflective polarizer 15 and last polarizer 22 continuously as the linearly polarized photon on the directions X.This linearly polarized photon (R2) enters λ on first/4 delayers 14 then.At this moment, λ/4 delayers 14 change this incident light (R2) into right-circularly polarized light on first.Next, this right-circularly polarized light (R2) enters LC layer 3 after insulated substrate 210 and the color filter 230 on passing.In this situation, the LC layer 3 that applies electric field does not cause change to the polarized state of light that passes it.Next, right-circularly polarized light (R2) is changed into left circularly polarized light thus by at the reflection Rotate 180 of reflecting electrode 194 °.Left circularly polarized light (R2) by reflecting electrode 194 reflections enters LC layer 3 once more, and does not change polarization state, enters λ on first/4 delayers 14 then after passing color filter 230 and last insulated substrate 210.At this moment, λ/4 delayers 14 change the left circularly polarized light (R2) of this incident on the Y direction linearly polarized photon on first.Next, last polarizer 22 absorbs the linearly polarized photon on the Y direction fully, thereby does not have light to leave LCD.In this case, lcd screen is shown as black state.
Simultaneously, the light of Fig. 6 (T2) is the light that provides from back light unit 500 when in transmission mode LC layer 3 being applied electric field.The light that provides from back light unit 500 passes down polarizer 13.In this step, only have the linear polarization component (T) of light on the Y direction to keep, and remainder is removed by absorption.Linear polarization component quilt on this Y direction λ/4 delayers 13 down changes left circularly polarized light into.This left circularly polarized light (T2) enters LC layer 3 after the insulated substrate 110 under passing, leave LC layer 3 then, and does not have polarization state to change.Next, this left circularly polarized light (T2) passes color filter 230 and last insulated substrate 210, enters λ on first/4 delayers 14 then.At this moment, light (T2) changes the linearly polarized photon on the Y direction into by λ/4 delayers 14 on first.Next, last polarizer 22 absorbs linearly polarized photon (T2) fully, thereby does not have light to leave LCD.In this case, lcd screen is shown as black state.
As mentioned above, no matter the operator scheme of LCD how, when LC layer 3 was applied electric field, the LCD flat table revealed black state, and when LC layer 3 not being applied electric field, the LCD flat table reveals white states.
Fig. 7 to 12 is schematic cross-sectional view of processing step that the function transparent panel 17 of manufacturing LCD according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown.
The 17 following manufacturings of function transparent panel.
As shown in Figure 7, at first form function transparent panel 17, apply optics orientation agent 20 then thereon with the prism top surface that constitutes by the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2.Then the resulting structure of Fig. 7 is optionally exposed by first mask 30, as shown in Figure 8.After the exposure, as shown in Figure 9, carry out developing process, thereby only on the first facet 17-1, remain with optics both alignment layers 21.After the development, on function transparent panel 17, apply cholesteric LC material 40, as shown in figure 10.Then, then the resulting structure of Figure 10 is optionally exposed by second mask 35, as shown in figure 11.Then as shown in figure 12, carry out developing process and UV hardening process continuously, thereby only on the second facet 17-2, form cholesteric LC layer 41.Therefore, each second facet 17-2 is made of optics both alignment layers 21 and cholesteric LC layer 41.
Figure 13 is the schematic cross-sectional view of function transparent panel of the LCD of another embodiment according to the present invention.
With reference to Figure 13, the function transparent panel 17 of this embodiment has top surface and prism basal surface, this top surface has from this surface the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 that inwardly forms, and the prism basal surface is then similar with the top surface of the function transparent panel 17 of the embodiment of front.In this structure, first summit P1 of prism basal surface and the 3rd summit P2 of the second summit P3 and top surface are positioned on the perpendicular line that differs from one another.This is because such structure allows many reflected light to reach the cholesteric LC layer of the second facet 17-2, so has improved the utilization ratio of light.
In this structure, an important problem is that the function transparent panel 17 that how will have the prism basal surface is attached on the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16.Two kinds of possible methods will be discussed below.
First method is directly to form the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 on the basal surface of function transparent panel 17.In this situation, the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 are configured as the basal surface of function transparent panel 17.Therefore, between the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 and reflective polarizer 15, formed the space.Be prepared as the situation of independent film at function transparent panel 17 and the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, also need to use the packaging technology of cementing agent in conjunction with these two kinds of films.Yet this method also needs such technology.
Second method is that the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 are attached on the reflective polarizer 15, function transparent panel 17 is arranged on the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 then.In this situation, between the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 and function transparent panel 17, formed the space.
In two kinds of methods, these spaces can be filled by air.But in this case, contingent problem is that total reflection takes place when contacting the air of packing space the light that enters by the upper strata that forms the space, so this light can not arrive the lower floor that forms the space.In order to address this problem, preferably use the closely similar material of mean refraction coefficient of refraction coefficient and the upper and lower to come packing space.For example, the organosilicon sill, for example silicones etc. can be used as packing material.
Can use other various forms of function transparent panels 17, with alternate figures 2 and function transparent panel 17 shown in Figure 13 with going up of modification or basal surface.In all scenario, preferably on function transparent panel 17, form the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 so that total reflection can occur in this place, but the surface of function transparent panel 17 is planar structure or prism structure is not necessary.In order to optimize the optical system of LCD, form that should design function transparent panel 17 occurs between the top surface and function transparent panel 17 of the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 in desirable mode to allow partial reflection and total reflection.In other words, the form of decision design function transparent panel 17 is so that function transparent panel 17 improves the utilization factor and the display characteristic of exterior light, such as visual angle, contrast etc.
In the above-described embodiments, last polarizer 22 is arranged on reflective polarizer below 15. here, these two polarizers 22 have the identical axis of homology with 15. therefore, even polarizer 22 in the omission, the result can not change yet. in fact, compare with last polarizer 22 (it is the polarizer that absorbs type), reflective polarizer 15 has relatively low polarization property. therefore, after passing reflective polarizer 15, light also includes usually should be by the component of the part of reflective polariser reflects. and be regarded as the thickness of peripheral issue or LCD and manufacturing cost in this phenomenon and be considered as situation into most important item, last polarizer 22 can omit, even therefore the contrast of display image reduces.
In the above-described embodiments, TN LC material is used for LC layer 3.Yet VA pattern or ecb mode LC material can be used for substituting TN LC.And, handoff technique in the use face, the transparency electrode 192 or the reflecting electrode 194 of public electrode 270 and pixel electrode 190 can be formed on the same insulated substrate.
Figure 14 is the viewgraph of cross-section that the variation of the polarized state of light in the reflection type LCD of another embodiment according to the present invention is shown.
Different with LCD shown in Figure 6, this LCD does not comprise λ/4 delayers 13, following polarizer 12 or back light unit 500 down.In addition, because it is a reflection type LCD, so this LCD does not need transparency electrode 192.
Here, will describe LCD in detail to Figure 17 with reference to Figure 15 according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the layout of LCD according to another embodiment of the invention.Figure 16 and 17 is schematic cross section of the LCD that intercepted along line XVI-XVI ' and the XVII-XVII ' of Figure 15 respectively.
Arrive Figure 17 with reference to Figure 15, the LCD of present embodiment has tft array panel 100 respect to one another, common electrode panel 200 and is folded in liquid crystal layer 3 between them, and liquid crystal layer 3 has the liquid crystal with two panels 100 and 200 surperficial parallel or homeotropic alignment.
Can be 90 ° of distortions (TN) nematic-mode, vertical orientation (VA) pattern, electrically conerolled birefringence (ECB) pattern with the LC molecules align in the LC layer 3.
100 configurations of tft array panel are as follows.
Be used to transmit the grid line 121 along continuous straight runs extension basically of gate signal, and from being separated from each other.The end 125 that every grid line 121 comprises a plurality of gate electrodes that project upwards 124 and has the relatively large size that is used to be connected to external device (ED).
Grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131 preferably by such as Al and Al alloy contain aluminium (Al) metal, such as argentiferous (Ag) metal of Ag and Ag alloy, such as cupric (Cu) metal of Cu and Cu alloy, make such as contain Mo metal, chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti) or the tantalum (Ta) of Mo and Mo alloy.Grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131 can be configured to sandwich construction, comprising at least two conductive layer (not shown) with different physical propertys.In such structure, the upper strata during this is two-layer preferably by comprise such as contain the Al metal, contain the Ag metal, the low resistivity metal that contains Cu metal etc. makes, to be reduced in signal delay or the voltage drop in grid line 121 and the storage electrode line 131; Lower floor is then made by the material that has good physics, chemistry with other materials such as tin indium oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO) and electrically contact character.For example, contain Mo metal, Cr, Ti or Ta etc. and can be used to form same layer.This two-layer combination suitably be exemplified as down Cr layer and last Al-Nd layer.Yet grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131 can be configured to single layer structure.
All transverse sides of grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131 are the scope with respect to the about 20-80 of the surface tilt of substrate 110 ° preferably.
By such as silicon nitride (SiN
x) or monox (SiO
2) gate insulation layer 140 made is formed on grid line 121 and the storage electrode line 131.
The a plurality of linear semiconductor of being made by amorphous silicon hydride (being called for short " a-Si ") or polysilicon 151 is formed on the gate insulation layer 140.Each linear semiconductor 151 substantially vertically extends, and comprise along corresponding gate electrode 124 extend a plurality of outstanding 154 and from corresponding outstanding 154 a plurality of extensions 157 of extending.Linear semiconductor 151 is expanded to cover them fully near grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131.
A plurality of linear Ohmic contact 161 and island Ohmic contact 165 are formed on the linear semiconductor 151.Ohmic contact 161 and 165 can be made by silicide or the heavily doped n+ amorphous silicon hydride of n type impurity.Linear Ohmic contact 161 has a plurality of outstanding 163.Outstanding 163 and 165 groups of island Ohmic contact be positioned at semiconductor 151 outstanding 154 on.
The scope of all sides of semiconductor 151 and Ohmic contact 161 and 165 with respect to the about 20-80 of the surface tilt of substrate 110 °.
The data line 171 that is used for transmission of data signals substantially vertically extends and intersects with grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131.Every data line 171 comprises end 179, and end 179 has the bigger size that is connected with another layer or external device (ED).
Each drain electrode 175 comprises the expansion 177 overlapping with one of storage electrode 133.Every data line 171 also comprises multiple source electrode 173, and the corresponding gate electrode 124 in source electrode 173 edges is given prominence to and extended to gate electrode 124.Each source electrode 173 is around the local part of the bar shaped end of drain electrode 175.
Similar in appearance to grid line 121 and storage electrode line 131, the scope of all sides of data line 171 and drain electrode 175 with respect to the about 20-80 of the surface tilt of substrate 110 °.
A plurality of contact holes 183. that passivation layer 180 has an end 179 that exposes data line 171 have formed a plurality of contact holes 182. that expose the end 125 of grid line 121 and have formed a plurality of contact holes 185. these contact holes 182,183 and 185 that expose the expansion 177 of drain electrode 175 can have polygon or round-shaped in passivation layer 180 and organic insulator 187 in passivation layer 180 and gate insulation layer 140. and the sidewall of contact hole 182,183 and 185 can perhaps be configured as stepped with respect to the surface tilt of substrate 110 in the scope at 30-85 ° of angle.
A plurality of pixel electrodes 190 are formed on the organic insulator 187.
Each pixel electrode 190 comprises transparency electrode 192 and the reflecting electrode 194 that is formed on this transparency electrode 192.Transparency electrode 192 is by making such as the transparent conductive material of ITO or IZO, and reflecting electrode 194 is made by the reflectivity opaque material that has such as Al, Al alloy, Ag or Ag alloy.Each pixel electrode 190 can also comprise the auxiliary (not shown) of the contact of being made by Mo, Mo alloy, Cr, Ti or Ta.The auxiliary contact performance that has guaranteed between transparency electrode 192 and the reflecting electrode 194 of this contact prevents simultaneously because transparency electrode 192 oxidation reflecting electrodes 194.
Each pixel is divided into the echo area RA that does not have the transmission area of reflecting electrode 194 TA and have reflecting electrode 194.Organic insulator 187 removes from transmission area TA, thereby forms transmission window 195 herein.Because transmission window 195, almost be that the twice of cell gap of echo area RA is big at the cell gap of transmission area TA, thus the path difference between compensation transmission area TA and the echo area RA.
With pixel electrode 190 by contact hole 185 physically with electric on be connected to the expansion 177 of drain electrode 175, to receive data voltages from drain electrode 175.Provide data voltage to pixel electrode 190, produce electric field, determine to be folded in two molecular orientation in the LC layer 3 between the electrode thereby cooperate with the public electrode 270 of common electrode panel 200.
Every group of pixel electrode 190 and public electrode 270 form the LC capacitors, and this LC capacitor can stored the voltage that is applied after TFT.In order to increase the store voltages ability of LC capacitor, also provide the holding capacitor that is parallel-connected to the LC capacitor.The expansion 177 and the storage electrode 133 of overlapping drain electrode 175 have been realized holding capacitor.In addition, overlaid pixel electrode 190 and adjacent with it grid line 121 can be realized holding capacitor.In this situation, can omit storage electrode line 131.
A plurality of contacts auxiliary 95 and 97 are formed on the passivation layer related with pad portion 180, and are connected to the end 125 of grid line 121 and the end 179 of data line 171 by contact hole 182 and 183 respectively.Contact auxiliary 95 and 97 replenish ends 125 and 179 and external devices between tack, and protect them.Contact auxiliary 95 and 97 can be formed on the layer identical with transparency electrode 192 or reflecting electrode 194.Yet, because their dispensable elements, so it can be omitted.
The light blocking member 220 that is called " black matrix " is provided on the insulated substrate 210 that forms by the transparent insulation material such as glass.Light blocking member 220 prevents the light by leaking out every rib between the pixel electrode 190, and defining surface is to the open region of pixel electrode 190.
A plurality of color filters 230 are formed on substrate 210 and the light blocking member 220, and their major parts are arranged in the open region that is defined by light blocking member 220.One of each color filter 230 vertically is formed between two adjacent data lines 171, and performance red, green and blue look.Color filter 230 is connected to each other with strip.
In typical trans-reflecting type LCD, in transmission area TA, light only by color filter 230 once, and in the RA of echo area, light is by twice. therefore, in the difference that has produced tone between transmission area TA and the echo area RA. in order to reduce the difference of the tone between two zones of TA and RA, can use two kinds of methods. first method is, form its thickness according to the difference of the position of color filter 230. promptly, in the method, the specific part that is arranged on the color filter 230 among the transmission area TA forms and must be thicker than the remainder that is arranged among the RA of echo area. and second method is to form unthreaded hole in the RA of the echo area of color filter 230.
Be formed on light blocking member 220 and the light filter 230 by the public electrode of making such as the transparent conductive material of ITO or IZO 270.
Following polarizer 12 and last polarizer 22 are attached to the outside surface of two panels 100 and 200 respectively.The axis of homology of the axis of homology of last polarizer 22 (θ) and following polarizer 12 (θ+90 °) meets at right angles each other and intersects.
Following λ/4 delayers 13 are interposed between tft array panel 100 and the following polarizer 12, and λ/4 delayers 14 are interposed between common electrode panel 200 and the last polarizer 22 on first.
The 2nd λ/16 of 4 delayers are arranged on the polarizer 22, select reflection horizon 18 then disposed thereon.
Function transparent panel 17 is arranged on to be selected on the reflection horizon 18.The top surface of function transparent panel 17 has a plurality of prisms to constitute.Each prism comprises the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2, does not have additional materials on the first facet 17-1, has cholesteric LC layer on the second facet 17-2.
Below, will explain the structure of above-mentioned LCD and light polarization principle in identical LCD.
Figure 18 shows the vertical synoptic diagram of LCD in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
With reference to Figure 18, display panel assembly 300 comprises tft array panel 100 and common electrode panel 200 and is folded in LC layer 3 between them.
Following λ/4 delayers 13 are attached to the lower surface of display panel assembly 300, and following polarizer 12 then is attached to down the lower surface of λ/4 delayers 13.
Simultaneously, λ/4 delayers 14 are attached to the upper surface of display panel assembly 300 on first, and last polarizer 22 then is attached to the upper surface of λ on first/4 delayers 14.The 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 and selection reflection horizon 18 are attached on the upper surface of polarizer 22 successively.Function transparent panel 17 is formed on the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, and its top surface is made of the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2.
Below said structure will be described in further detail.
The LCD of this embodiment has used three λ/4 delayers altogether.By orthogonal and be parallel to respectively they fast axle and two polarized components of slow axis between cause quarter-wave differing, these three λ/4 delayers 13,14 and 16 each all circularly polarized light is converted to linear polarized light or linear polarized light is converted to circularly polarized light.In fact, above-mentioned circularly polarized light can be an elliptically polarized light, but for convenience, elliptically polarized light also can be called as circularly polarized light.
Three λ/4 delayers 13,14 and 16 fast axle be preferably formed in polarizer 12 and 22 the axis of homology (θ and θ+90 °) ± 45 °, to maximize differing between these two polarized components.But, except be set to be perpendicular to one another or parallel, they can be arranged on different angles.
Function transparent panel 17 has transparent material to form and has the prism top surface that is made of a plurality of first facet 17-1 and a plurality of second facet 17-2, as shown in figure 16.On the first facet 17-1, there is not additional materials, on the second facet 17-2, has cholesteric LC layer.The second facet 17-2 transmission with the optical axis equidirectional of cholesteric LC layer on the circularly polarized incident light that rotates, and the reflection circularly polarized incident light of rotation in the opposite direction.The preparation method of the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 will be described below.
Function transparent panel 17, select reflection horizon 18, the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, go up polarizer 22, λ/4 delayers on first, display panel assembly 300, λ/4 delayers 13 and following polarizer 12 be successively by the cementing agent combination down.
Figure 19 shows the variation at the polarized state of light on the LCD top with function transparent panel 17, selection reflection horizon 18, the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 and last polarizer 22.
As shown in figure 19, the light that incides on the function transparent panel 17 is divided into four kinds of light (A, B1, B2 and C) according to incoming position and incident angle.
At first, four kinds of incident lights (A) in the light are described.
Light (A) incides on the second facet 17-2 of function transparent panel 17, is separated into the independent light (A-1) of two bundles that light path differs from one another and (A-2).Promptly, when light (A) contact is formed with the second facet 17-2 of cholesteric LC layer, with the optical axis equidirectional of cholesteric LC layer on the right-circularly polarized light (A-1) of the incident light (A) that rotates pass function transparent panel 17, Xuan Zhuan left circularly polarized light (A-2) then is reflected in the opposite direction.
The light (A-1) that passes function transparent panel 17 incides then to be selected on the reflection horizon 18.At this moment,, it allow right-circularly polarized light to pass through to reflect left circularly polarized light, so select reflection horizon 18 transmission right-hand circular polarization incident lights (A-1) owing to designing.Next, right-circularly polarized light (A-1) is by the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16.At this moment, light (A-1) is converted to the linearly polarized photon on the directions X.Next, linearly polarized photon (A-1) is by axis of homology polarizer 22 on the directions X.
Simultaneously, pass the first facet 17-1, then by second adjacent facet 17-2 secondary reflection again by the Left-hand circular polarization reflected light (A-2) of second facet 17-2 reflection.During these processes successively, the polarization state of light (A-2) keeps not changing.This is possible, because be formed with the second facet 17-2 of cholesteric liquid crystal layers can not cause polarized state of light at reflex time any variation.Next, left circularly polarized light (A-2) is by selecting reflection horizon 18 total reflections.In Figure 19, be appointed as (A-3) by the light of selecting reflection horizon 18 reflections.
The two bundle incident lights (B1) and (B2) of Figure 19 will be described below.
Light (B1) and (B2) all inciding on the first facet 17-1 of function transparent panel 17, but different incident angles had.That is, light (B1) incides on the first facet 17-1 of function transparent panel 17 obliquely, and light (B2) then vertically incides on the first facet 17-1.No matter different incident angles how, two-beam line (B1) advances along identical light path with identical polarization state after entering function transparent panel 17 with (B2).Particularly, this two-beam line (B1) and (B2) pass function transparent panel 17 has the polarized component of all directions.Next, light (B1) and (B2) incide and select on the reflection horizon 18.At this moment, select reflection horizon 18 only transmission incident ray (B1) and (B2) in right-hand circular polarization light (B1-1) and (B2-1), and reflect Left-hand circular polarization light (B1-2) and (B2-2).After this process, right-hand circular polarization light (B1-1) and (B2-1) enter the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 changes the linearly polarized photon on the directions X thus into.Then, linearly polarized photon (B1-1) and (B2-1) by last polarizer 22.
The light (C) of Figure 19 next, is described.
Light (C) vertically incides on the second facet 17-2 of function transparent panel 17, also is divided into the independent light (C-1) of two bundles that light path differs from one another and (C-2).Promptly, with the optical axis equidirectional of cholesteric LC layer on the right-circularly polarized light (C-1) of the incident light (C) that rotates pass function transparent panel 17, advance along the path identical with light (A-1) then, the left circularly polarized light (C-2) of Xuan Zhuan incident light (C) then guides to the outside by the reflection of the second facet 17-2 in the opposite direction.
Here, the plane angle of the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 can be controlled and make Left-hand circular polarization reflected light (C-2) incide once more on the first facet 17-1, enters the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 then after by 17 reflections of function transparent panel or refraction.
Simultaneously, by the Left-hand circular polarization light (A-3) of selecting reflection horizon 18 reflections, (B1-2) and (B2-2) enter function transparent panel 17 once more.In this situation, incident light is designated as (D) in Figure 19.Light (D) is divided into two-beam line (D-1) and (D-2) according to the incoming position of light (D).That is, light (D-2) is incident on the first facet 17-1 of function transparent panel 17, and on the second facet 17-2 that light (D-1) is incident on.This two-beam line (D-1) and (D-2) respectively by the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 double reflection.At this moment, light (D-1) and (D-2) by having experienced 180 ° phase change in the reflection of the first facet 17-1, thus they all change right-hand circular polarization light (D-1) and (D-2) into.Next, right-hand circular polarization light (D-1) and (D-2) enter once more and select reflection horizon 18.Select all right-hand circular polarization light (D-1) of reflection horizon 18 transmissions and (D-2), and do not change polarization state.Subsequently, this two-beam line (D-1) and (D-2) by the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, and change linearly polarized photon on directions X into.Then, linearly polarized photon (D-1) and (D-2) pass polarizer 22.
As mentioned above, the first facet 17-1 by function transparent panel 17 and the second facet 17-2 from the light of surrounding environment incident by selecting not leave LCD after 18 reflections of reflection horizon, turn back to selection reflection horizon 18 once more by changing the polarization direction, thereby improved the display brightness of the LCD in the reflective-mode.In order to realize this effect, decision design function transparent panel 17 makes its first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 show the maximum refractive index difference of possibility, has the size of possibility maximum simultaneously.Also preferably become the dihedral between two facet 17-1 and the 17-2 big as far as possible.Externally total reflection can not take place when externally light enters function transparent panel 17 in the situation that differs greatly between the refraction coefficient of air and function transparent panel 17, but at light from the situation of function transparent panel 17 during to outside outgoing, launched total reflection.Therefore, improved the service efficiency of exterior light.
Figure 20 be relatively when LCD at the reflective-mode that uses exterior light with the view of the polarization state when using transmission mode work from the interior lights of back light unit 500.
In this embodiment, LC layer 3 is made of twisted nematic mode LC molecule.Twisted-nematic LC molecule has distinctive optical property.Particularly, when applying electric field, they align in vertical direction, do not cause variation thus to the polarized state of light that passes through LC layer 3, but when not applying electric field, they align in the horizontal direction, cause the variation to the polarized state of light that passes through LC layer 3 thus.
Below, will at first describe with reference to Figure 20 the variation of polarized state of light when LC layer 3 not being applied electric field.
In Figure 20, leftmost light (R1) be in reflective-mode when LC layer 3 not being applied electric field from the light of surrounding environment incident. light (R1) passes polarizer 22. these linearly polarized photons (R1) as the linearly polarized photon on the directions X and enters 14. this moments of λ on first/4 delayers then, λ on first/4 delayers 14 change this light (R1) into right-circularly polarized light. and this right-circularly polarized light (R1) enters LC layer 3. in this situation after insulated substrate 210 and the color filter 230 on passing, owing to do not provide electric field to LC layer 3, so this light (R1) changes the linearly polarized photon on the Y direction into. linearly polarized photon (R1) is by at the reflection Rotate 180 of reflecting electrode 194 °. still, light (R1) is even still keep the polarization state no change after rotation. and the light of reflection (R1) changes right-circularly polarized light once more into when passing LC layer 3, enter after passing color filter 230 and last insulated substrate 210 continuously then that λ on first/4 delayers 14. at this moment, λ on first/4 delayers 14 change this right-circularly polarized light (R1) on the directions X linearly polarized photon. next, this linearly polarized photon (R1) enters 16. this moments of the 2nd λ/4 delayers after the polarizer 22 on passing, linearly polarized photon on this directions X (R1) changes right-circularly polarized light into by the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16. then, right-circularly polarized light (R1) passes selects reflection horizon 18 and function transparent panel 17, and do not have polarization state to change, leave LCD. this moment then, lcd screen is shown as white states.
Simultaneously, the light of Figure 20 (T1) is light source internally when LC layer 3 not being applied electric field in transmission mode, promptly provides light from back light unit 500.At first, light (T) passes down polarizer 12.In this step, the linear polarization component transmission of the light (T) on the Y direction is only arranged, and all the other components are absorbed removal.Linear polarization component (T) on this Y direction changes left circularly polarized light (T1) into by following λ/4 delayers 13.This left circularly polarized light (T1) changes right-circularly polarized light into then by entering LC layer 3 after the insulated substrate 110 down when not having electric field to be applied to LC layer 3.Next, this right-circularly polarized light (T1) passes color filter 230 and last insulated substrate 210, enters λ on first/4 delayers 14 then.At this moment, light (T1) changes the linearly polarized photon on the directions X into by λ/4 delayers 14 on first.Next, this linearly polarized photon (T1) passes polarizer 22, enters the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 then, is changed into right-circularly polarized light by the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 thus.Afterwards, this right-circularly polarized light (T1) passes selects reflection horizon 18 and function transparent panel 17, and does not change polarization state, leaves LCD then.At this moment, lcd screen is shown as white states.
Below, will describe the variation of the polarization state in the situation of the LC layer 3 that applies electric field with reference to Figure 20.
In Figure 20, light (R2) be in reflective-mode when LC layer 3 is applied electric field from the light of surrounding environment incident.Light (R2) passes polarizer 22 as the linearly polarized photon on the directions X.Linearly polarized photon on this directions X (R2) enters λ on first/4 delayers 14 then.At this moment, λ/4 delayers 14 change light (R2) into right-circularly polarized light on first.This right-circularly polarized light (R2) enters LC layer 3 after insulated substrate 210 and the color filter 230 on passing.In this situation, the LC layer 3 that applies electric field does not cause change to the polarized state of light that passes it.Subsequently, right-circularly polarized light (R2) is changed into left circularly polarized light thus by at the reflection Rotate 180 of reflecting electrode 194 °.Left circularly polarized light (R2) by reflecting electrode 194 reflections enters LC layer 3 once more, and does not change polarization state, enters λ on first/4 delayers 14 then after passing color filter 230 and last insulated substrate 210.At this moment, λ/4 delayers 14 change the left circularly polarized light (R2) of this incident on the Y direction linearly polarized photon on first.Next, the linearly polarized photon (R2) that last polarizer 22 absorbs on all Y directions, thus there is not light to leave LCD.In this case, lcd screen is shown as black state.
Simultaneously, the light of Figure 20 (T2) be in transmission mode when LC layer 3 is applied electric field light source, the i.e. light that provides from back light unit 500 internally.The light (T) that provides from back light unit 500 passes down polarizer 12.In this step, only have the linear polarization component (T) of light on the Y direction to keep, and remainder is removed.Linear polarization component (T) on this Y direction is descended λ/4 delayers 13 to change left circularly polarized light (T2) into.This left circularly polarized light (T2) enters LC layer 3 after the insulated substrate 110 under passing, leave LC layer 3 then, and does not have polarization state to change.Next, this left circularly polarized light (T2) passes color filter 230 and last insulated substrate 210, enters λ on first/4 delayers 14 then.At this moment, light (T2) changes the linearly polarized photon on the Y direction into by λ/4 delayers 14 on first.Next, last polarizer 22 absorbs the linearly polarized photon (T2) on this Y direction fully, and making does not have light to leave LCD.In this case, lcd screen is shown as black state.
As mentioned above, no matter the operator scheme of LCD how, when LC layer 3 was applied electric field, the LCD flat table revealed black state, and when LC layer 3 not being applied electric field, the LCD flat table reveals white states.
Figure 21 to 24 is schematic cross-sectional view that the processing step in manufacturing selection reflection horizon 18 according to another embodiment of the invention is shown.
At first on the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, apply optics orientation agent, expose then, form optics both alignment layers 25 thus, as shown in figure 21.Next, the cholesteric LC material 45 that will contain the UV crosslinking chemical is coated on the optics both alignment layers 25.At this moment, the molecule in the preferred LC layer 3 has planar orientation.Afterwards, to the resulting structure applications UV irradiation of Figure 22, as shown in figure 23, thus sclerosis cholesteric LC material 45.So, form cholesteric LC layer 46.This cholesteric LC layer 46 and optics both alignment layers 25 have formed selection reflection horizon 18.
In the above, select reflection horizon 18 to be formed on the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, but they can be formed on the different substrates, and can prepare separately.
Figure 25 is that the schematic cross-sectional view of the processing step of manufacturing function transparent panel 17 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention is shown to Figure 30.
The 17 following manufacturings of function transparent panel.
As shown in figure 25, at first form function transparent panel 17, apply optics orientation agent 20 then thereon with the prism top surface that constitutes by the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2.Then the resulting structure of Figure 25 is optionally exposed by first mask 30, as shown in figure 26.After the exposure, carry out developing process.So, only on the second facet 17-2, form optics both alignment layers 21, as shown in figure 27.After forming optics both alignment layers 21, on function transparent panel 17, apply cholesteric LC material 40, as shown in figure 28.Then, then the resulting structure of Figure 28 is optionally exposed by second mask 35, as shown in figure 29.Then as shown in figure 30, carry out developing process and UV hardening process continuously, thereby only on the second facet 17-2, form cholesteric LC layer 41.So each second facet 17-2 is made of optics both alignment layers 21 and cholesteric LC layer 41.
Figure 31 is the schematic cross-sectional view of function transparent panel of the LCD of another embodiment according to the present invention.
With reference to Figure 31, the function transparent panel 17 of this embodiment has top surface and prism basal surface, this top surface has from this surface the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 that inwardly forms, and the prism basal surface is then similar with the top surface of the function transparent panel 17 of the embodiment of front.In this structure, preferably the 3rd summit P2 of the first summit P1 of prism basal surface and the second summit P3 and top surface is positioned on the perpendicular line that differs from one another.This is because such structure allows many reflected light to reach the cholesteric LC layer 41 of the second facet 17-2, so has improved the utilization ratio of light.
In this structure, an important problem is that the function transparent panel 17 that how will have the prism basal surface is attached on the selection reflection horizon 18.Two kinds of possible methods will be discussed below.
First method is directly to form to select reflection horizon 18 on the basal surface of function transparent panel 17.In this situation, select reflection horizon 18 to have the form identical with the basal surface of function transparent panel 17.Therefore, between the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 and selection reflection horizon 18, formed the space.Be prepared as the situation of independent film in function transparent panel 17 and selection reflection horizon 18, also need to use the packaging technology of cementing agent in conjunction with these two kinds of films.But this method also needs such technology.
Second method is that selection reflection horizon 18 is attached on the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16, and is then that function transparent panel 17 is disposed thereon.In this situation, selecting to have formed the space between reflection horizon 18 and the function transparent panel 17.
In two kinds of methods, these spaces can be filled by air.But in this case, contingent problem is that total reflection takes place when contacting the air of packing space the light that enters by the upper strata that forms the space, so this light can not arrive the lower floor that forms the space.In order to address this problem, preferably use the closely similar material of mean refraction coefficient of refraction coefficient and the upper and lower to come packing space.For example, the organosilicon sill, for example silicones etc. can be used as packing material.
Can use other to have the various forms of function transparent panels 17 of going up of modification or basal surface, to substitute Figure 16 and function transparent panel 17. shown in Figure 31 in all scenario, total reflection preferably on function transparent panel 17, forms the first facet 17-1 and the second facet 17-2 so that can occur in this place, but the surface of function transparent panel 17 is planar structure or prism structure is not necessary. in order to optimize the optical system of LCD, form that should design function transparent panel 17 occurs between the top surface and function transparent panel 17 of the 2nd λ/4 delayers 16 in desirable mode to allow partial reflection and total reflection. in other words, the form of decision design function transparent panel 17, so that function transparent panel 17 improves the utilization factor and the display characteristic of exterior light, such as the visual angle, contrast etc.
In the above-described embodiments, TN LC material is used for LC layer 3.But VA pattern or ecb mode LC material can be used for substituting TN LC.And, handoff technique in the use face, the transparency electrode 192 or the reflecting electrode 194 of public electrode 270 and pixel electrode 190 can be formed on the same insulated substrate.
Figure 32 is the viewgraph of cross-section that the polarized state of light in the reflection type LCD of another embodiment according to the present invention is shown.
Different with LCD shown in Figure 20, this LCD does not comprise λ/4 delayers 13, following polarizer 12 or back light unit 500 down.In addition, because it is a reflection type LCD, so this LCD does not need transparency electrode 192.
As mentioned above, in reflection-type or transmission-type LCD according to one aspect of the invention, be successively set on reflective polarizer, λ/4 delayers on the display panel assembly and have first facet and the function transparent panel of second facet has improved service efficiency from the light of surrounding environment, improved the display brightness of the LCD that in reflective-mode, works thus.
Perhaps, in reflection-type or transmission-type LCD according to one aspect of the invention, be successively set on λ/4 delayers on the display panel assembly, select the reflection horizon and have first facet and the function transparent panel of second facet has improved service efficiency from the light of surrounding environment, improved the display brightness of the LCD that in reflective-mode, works thus.
The present invention should not be considered as and is limited to above-mentioned specific example, covers the proper various aspects of setting forth of the present invention in the claim and be construed as.After having read this instructions, those skilled in the art will expect the adaptable multiple structure of various variations, the technology that is equal to and the present invention at an easy rate.
Claims (69)
1. display device comprises:
Display panel assembly;
Reflective polarizer is arranged on the described display panel assembly, with the outside incident light of transmission linear polarization at the incident light of the linear polarization on the first direction and on being reflected in perpendicular to the second direction of described first direction;
The one λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described reflective polarizer; And
The function transparent panel is arranged on a described λ/4 delayers, and the top surface of described function transparent panel comprises the part of no cholesteric liquid crystal material and the part of cholesteric liquid crystal material is arranged.
2. according to the display device of claim 1, also comprise the 2nd λ/4 delayers, it is arranged between described reflective polarizer and the described display panel assembly.
3. according to the display device of claim 2, also comprise first absorptive polarizers, it is arranged between described the 2nd λ/4 delayers and the described reflective polarizer.
4. according to the display device of claim 1, also comprise second absorptive polarizers, it is arranged under the described display panel assembly.
5. according to the display device of claim 4, also comprise the 3rd λ/4 delayers, it is arranged between described second absorptive polarizers and the described display panel assembly.
6. according to the display device of claim 1, wherein said reflective polarizer utilizes two brightness enhancement films, and described pair of brightness enhancement film is based on the anisotropy of the reflectivity that is caused by the refraction coefficient anisotropy, or meticulous linear pattern prepares.
7. according to the display device of claim 1, also comprise the back light unit that is arranged under the described display panel assembly.
8. according to the display device of claim 1, wherein said display panel assembly, reflective polarizer, a λ/4 delayers and function transparent panel are by the cementing agent combination.
9. according to the display device of claim 1, wherein because the existence of the surface structure of the top surface of the basal surface of described function transparent panel or a described λ/4 delayers, make the space be formed between described function transparent panel and a λ/4 delayers, and described space is equaled the packing material filling of the mean refraction coefficient of described function transparent panel and a λ/4 delayers by refraction coefficient.
10. according to the display device of claim 9, the packing material that wherein is used for described space comprises organic silica-base material.
11. according to the display device of claim 9, the packing material that wherein is used for described space includes silicones.
12. according to the display device of claim 1, wherein said display panel assembly comprises the liquid crystal layer with liquid crystal molecule, described liquid crystal molecule is arranged with 90 ° of twisted nematic modes, vertical alignment mode, electrically controlled birefringence mode or in-plane-switching mode.
13. according to the display device of claim 1, the top surface of wherein said function transparent panel has a plurality of prisms, described prism comprises first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.
14. according to the display device of claim 1, the part of the no cholesteric liquid crystal material of the top surface of wherein said function transparent panel is distinguished reflected light once with the part that cholesteric liquid crystal material is arranged, thereby the light of reflection returns to a described λ/4 delayers once more.
15. display device according to claim 1, wherein said function transparent panel has top surface and basal surface, described top surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, described basal surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, and the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces is positioned on the perpendicular line that differs from one another.
16. a display device comprises:
Display panel assembly;
The one λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described display panel assembly;
Reflective polarizer is arranged on a described λ/4 delayers, with the incident light of transmission linear polarization at the incident light of the linear polarization on the first direction and on being reflected in perpendicular to the second direction of described first direction;
The 2nd λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described reflective polarizer;
The function transparent panel is arranged on described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, and the top surface of described function transparent panel has first facet and second facet, wherein said second facet only transmission incident light of polarization on specific direction component and reflect all the other components;
The 3rd λ/4 delayers is arranged under the described display panel assembly;
Following polarizer is arranged under described the 3rd λ/4 delayers.
17. according to the display device of claim 16, second facet that wherein is formed on the top surface of described function transparent panel has cholesteric liquid crystal layers thereon.
18. according to the display device of claim 16, also comprise polarizer, the described polarizer of going up is arranged between a described λ/4 delayers and the described reflective polarizer.
19. according to the display device of claim 16, wherein said reflective polarizer utilizes two brightness enhancement films, described pair of brightness enhancement film is based on the anisotropy of the reflectivity that is caused by the refraction coefficient anisotropy, or meticulous linear pattern prepares.
20., also comprise the back light unit that is arranged under the described polarizer down according to the display device of claim 16.
21. according to the display device of claim 16, wherein said function transparent panel, the 2nd λ/4 delayers, reflective polarizer, a λ/4 delayers, display panel assembly, the 3rd λ/4 delayers and following polarizer are by the cementing agent combination.
22. display device according to claim 16, wherein because the existence of the surface structure of the top surface of the basal surface of described function transparent panel or described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, make the space be formed between described function transparent panel and the 2nd λ/4 delayers, and described space is equaled the packing material filling of the mean refraction coefficient of described function transparent panel and the 2nd λ/4 delayers by refraction coefficient.
23. according to the display device of claim 22, the packing material that wherein is used for described space comprises organic silica-base material.
24., wherein be formed on second facet only the dextropolarization component of transmission incident light or the left-hand polarization component and reflect all the other components of the top surface of described function transparent panel according to the display device of claim 16.
25. according to the display device of claim 16, the top surface of wherein said function transparent panel has prism structure, described prism structure comprises first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.
26., wherein is formed on first facet of top surface of described function transparent panel and second facet and reflects respectively once, thereby the light of described reflection returns to the 2nd λ/4 delayers once more from the light of the 2nd λ/4 delayer incidents according to the display device of claim 16.
27. display device according to claim 16, wherein said function transparent panel has top surface and basal surface, described top surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, described basal surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, and the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces is positioned on the perpendicular line that differs from one another.
28. a display device comprises:
Display panel assembly;
The one λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described display panel assembly;
Reflective polarizer is arranged on a described λ/4 delayers, with the outside incident light of transmission linear polarization at the incident light of the linear polarization on the first direction and on being reflected in perpendicular to the second direction of described first direction;
The 2nd λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described reflective polarizer; And
The function transparent panel is arranged on described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, and the top surface of described function transparent panel has first facet and second facet, wherein said second facet only transmission incident light of polarization on specific direction component and reflect all the other components.
29. according to the display device of claim 28, second facet that wherein is formed on the top surface of described function transparent panel has cholesteric liquid crystal layers thereon.
30., wherein be formed on second facet only the dextropolarization component of transmission incident light or the left-hand polarization component and reflect all the other components of the top surface of described function transparent panel according to the display device of claim 28.
31. according to the display device of claim 28, the top surface of wherein said function transparent panel has prism structure, described prism structure comprises first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.
32. display device according to claim 28, wherein said function transparent panel has top surface and basal surface, described top surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, described basal surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, and the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces is positioned on the perpendicular line that differs from one another.
33., wherein is formed on first facet of top surface of described function transparent panel and second facet and reflects respectively once, thereby described reflected light returns to the 2nd λ/4 delayers once more from the light of the 2nd λ/4 delayer incidents according to the display device of claim 28.
34. display device according to claim 28, wherein because the existence of the surface structure of the top surface of the basal surface of described function transparent panel or described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, make the space be formed between described function transparent panel and the 2nd λ/4 delayers, and described space is equaled the packing material filling of the mean refraction coefficient of described function transparent panel and the 2nd λ/4 delayers by refraction coefficient.
35. according to the display device of claim 34, the packing material that wherein is used for described space comprises organic silica-base material.
36. a display device comprises:
Display panel assembly;
Select the reflection horizon, be arranged on the described display panel assembly, with transmission at the component of the circularly polarized outside incident light on the first direction be reflected in the component of circularly polarized outside incident light on the second direction opposite with described first direction; And
The function transparent panel is arranged on the described selection reflection horizon, and the top surface of described function transparent panel comprises the part of no cholesteric liquid crystal material and the part of cholesteric liquid crystal material is arranged.
37. according to the display device of claim 36, also comprise first polarizer, it is arranged between described selection reflection horizon and the described display panel assembly.
38. according to the display device of claim 37, also comprise a λ/4 delayers, it is arranged between described first polarizer and the described display panel assembly.
39. according to the display device of claim 37, also comprise the 2nd λ/4 delayers, it is arranged between described selection reflection horizon and described first polarizer.
40. according to the display device of claim 36, also comprise second polarizer, establish it and put under described display panel assembly.
41. according to the display device of claim 40, also comprise the 3rd λ/4 delayers, it is arranged between described second polarizer and the described display panel assembly.
42. according to the display device of claim 36, wherein said selection reflection horizon is formed by cholesteric liquid crystal material.
43. according to the display device of claim 36, also comprise backlight assembly, be arranged under the described display panel assembly.
44. according to the display device of claim 36, wherein said display panel assembly, selection reflection horizon and function transparent panel use the cementing agent combination.
45. display device according to claim 36, wherein because the existence of the surface structure of the top surface in the basal surface of described function transparent panel or described selection reflection horizon, make the space be formed between described function transparent panel and the selection reflection horizon, and described space equal described function transparent panel by refraction coefficient and select the packing material of the mean refraction coefficient in reflection horizon to fill.
46. according to the display device of claim 45, the packing material that wherein is used for described space comprises organic silica-base material.
47. according to the display device of claim 36, wherein said display panel assembly comprises the liquid crystal layer with liquid crystal molecule, described liquid crystal molecule is arranged with 90 ° of twisted nematic modes, vertical alignment mode, electrically controlled birefringence mode or in-plane-switching mode.
48. according to the display device of claim 36, the top surface of wherein said function transparent panel has a plurality of prisms, described prism is by second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and its.
49. according to the display device of claim 36, the part of the no cholesteric liquid crystal material of the top surface of wherein said function transparent panel is distinguished reflected light once with the part that cholesteric liquid crystal material is arranged, thereby the light of reflection returns to a described λ/4 delayers once more.
50. display device according to claim 36, wherein said function transparent panel has top surface and basal surface, described top surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, described basal surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, and the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces is positioned on the perpendicular line that differs from one another.
51. a display device comprises:
Display panel assembly;
The one λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described display panel assembly;
First polarizer is arranged on a described λ/4 delayers, the outside incident light of wherein said first polarizer transmission linear polarization at the outside incident light of the linear polarization on the first direction with on being reflected in perpendicular to the second direction of described first direction;
The 2nd λ/4 delayers is arranged on described first polarizer;
Select the reflection horizon, be arranged on described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, with the component of the circularly polarized incident light of transmission on third direction be reflected in the make progress component of circularly polarized incident light of the four directions opposite with described third direction;
The function transparent panel is arranged on the described selection reflection horizon, and the top surface of described function transparent panel has first facet and second facet, wherein said second facet only transmission incident light of polarization on specific direction component and reflect all the other components;
The 3rd λ/4 delayers is arranged under the described display panel assembly; And
Second polarizer is arranged under described the 3rd λ/4 delayers.
52. according to the display device of claim 51, second facet that wherein is formed on the top surface of described function transparent panel has cholesteric liquid crystal layers thereon.
53. according to the display device of claim 51, wherein said selection reflection horizon is formed by cholesteric liquid crystal material.
54., also comprise the back light unit that is arranged under described second polarizer according to the display device of claim 51.
55. according to the display device of claim 51, wherein said function transparent panel, selection reflection horizon, the 2nd λ/4 delayers, first polarizer, a λ/4 delayers, display panel assembly, the 3rd λ/4 delayers and second polarizer are by the cementing agent combination.
56. display device according to claim 51, wherein because the existence of the surface structure of the top surface in the basal surface of described function transparent panel or described selection reflection horizon, make the space be formed between described function transparent panel and the selection reflection horizon, and described space equal described function transparent panel by refraction coefficient and select the packing material of the mean refraction coefficient in reflection horizon to fill.
57. according to the display device of claim 56, the packing material that wherein is used for described space comprises organic silica-base material.
58., wherein be formed on second facet only the dextropolarization component of transmission incident light or the left-hand polarization component and reflect all the other components of the top surface of described function transparent panel according to the display device of claim 51.
59. according to the display device of claim 51, the top surface of wherein said function transparent panel has prism structure, described prism structure comprises first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.
60., wherein is formed on first facet of top surface of described function transparent panel and second facet and reflects respectively once, thereby described reflected light returns to described selection reflection horizon once more from the light of described selection reflection horizon incident according to the display device of claim 51.
61. display device according to claim 51, wherein said function transparent panel can have top surface and basal surface, described top surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, described basal surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, and the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces is positioned on the perpendicular line that differs from one another.
62. a display device comprises:
Display panel assembly;
The one λ/4 delayers is arranged on the described display panel assembly;
First polarizer is arranged on a described λ/4 delayers, the outside incident light of wherein said first polarizer transmission linear polarization at the outside incident light of the linear polarization on the first direction with on being reflected in perpendicular to the second direction of described first direction;
The 2nd λ/4 delayers is arranged on described first polarizer;
Select the reflection horizon, be arranged on described the 2nd λ/4 delayers, with the component of the circularly polarized incident light of transmission on third direction be reflected in the make progress component of circularly polarized incident light of the four directions opposite with described third direction;
The function transparent panel is arranged on the described selection reflection horizon, and the top surface of described function transparent panel has first facet and second facet, wherein said second facet only transmission incident light of polarization on specific direction component and reflect all the other components.
63. according to the display device of claim 62, second facet that wherein is formed on the top surface of described function transparent panel has cholesteric liquid crystal layers thereon.
64., wherein be formed on second facet only the dextropolarization component of transmission incident light or the left-hand polarization component and reflect all the other components of the top surface of described function transparent panel according to the display device of claim 62.
65. according to the display device of claim 62, the top surface of wherein said function transparent panel has prism structure, described prism structure comprises first facet that does not have cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it and second facet that has cholesteric liquid crystal layers on it.
66., wherein is formed on first facet of top surface of described function transparent panel and second facet and reflects respectively once, thereby described reflected light returns to described selection reflection horizon once more from the light of described selection reflection horizon incident according to the display device of claim 62.
67. display device according to claim 62, wherein said function transparent panel can have top surface and basal surface, described top surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, described basal surface has cameo or intaglio depiction, and the summit that forms in the pattern on these two surfaces is positioned on the perpendicular line that differs from one another.
68. display device according to claim 62, wherein because the existence of the surface structure of the top surface in the basal surface of described function transparent panel or described selection reflection horizon, make the space be formed between described function transparent panel and the selection reflection horizon, and described space equal described function transparent panel by refraction coefficient and select the packing material of the mean refraction coefficient in reflection horizon to fill.
69. according to the display device of claim 68, the packing material that wherein is used for described space comprises organic silica-base material.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020050034414A KR101152126B1 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2005-04-26 | Display device |
| KR34416/05 | 2005-04-26 | ||
| KR34414/05 | 2005-04-26 | ||
| KR1020050034416A KR20060112046A (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2005-04-26 | Display device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1854850A CN1854850A (en) | 2006-11-01 |
| CN1854850B true CN1854850B (en) | 2010-05-12 |
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| CN2006100748732A Active CN1854850B (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2006-04-25 | Display device |
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| KR (1) | KR101152126B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1854850B (en) |
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| KR100793927B1 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2008-01-16 | 한국생산기술연구원 | The film and method to product the best luminance film in lcd |
| CN102207566B (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-09 | 上海凯鑫森产业投资控股有限公司 | Prism sheet, back light module unit with prism sheet and liquid crystal display (LCD) device |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5221982A (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1993-06-22 | Faris Sadeg M | Polarizing wavelength separator |
| CN1111758A (en) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-11-15 | 电化学工业有限公司（国际） | Optical elements having image-forming, color- and polarization-selective reflection and containing cholesteric liquid crystals, and use of these elements |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002006134A (en) | 2000-06-19 | 2002-01-09 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | Polarizing element and liquid crystal display device employing the same |
| WO2002069031A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-06 | Hitachi Displays, Ltd. | Device capable of switching between image display status and mirror status, and equipment provided therewith |
| KR100518426B1 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2005-09-29 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | Liquid crystal display device |
-
2005
- 2005-04-26 KR KR1020050034414A patent/KR101152126B1/en active IP Right Grant
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5221982A (en) * | 1991-07-05 | 1993-06-22 | Faris Sadeg M | Polarizing wavelength separator |
| CN1111758A (en) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-11-15 | 电化学工业有限公司（国际） | Optical elements having image-forming, color- and polarization-selective reflection and containing cholesteric liquid crystals, and use of these elements |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| JP特开平11-174489A 1999.07.02 |
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| CN1854850A (en) | 2006-11-01 |
| KR20060112044A (en) | 2006-10-31 |
| KR101152126B1 (en) | 2012-06-15 |
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