CN1744391A - 同轴连接器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于端接同轴电缆的射频同轴连接器。该同轴电缆包括中心导体、围绕中心导体的介电材料以及围绕介电材料的导电金属箔。该连接器包括一个基本上圆柱形的管状金属连接器本体装置,它有用来容纳同轴电缆的第一端和用来与互补的连接器对接的第二端;以及一个基本上管状的绝缘装置,该绝缘装置在第一端与第二端之间位于连接器本体中,并且与连接器本体同轴。连接器本体装置的第一端为一个敞开端,其具有一个由敞开端延伸到绝缘装置的孔,用来容纳电缆的中心导体、介电材料和导电金属箔。横截着孔的一部分在敞开端与绝缘装置之间孔的内径减小,以实现与导电金属箔的压配合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种射频(RF)同轴电缆的连接器。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种RF同轴连接器,这种连接器用来端接具有缠绕的导电屏蔽层的高性能同轴电缆。
背景技术
通常在传输线设计中使用同轴电缆,以将电信号由一个位置传输到另一个位置。一般说来,一个同轴电缆包括实心的或者绞合的内导体,一层聚合物的介电材料包围着该内导体。介电材料在机织的编织物的外导体内严格地居中,并且电缆具有一个聚合物材料的外套。在同轴电缆中,外导体形成对于微波信号传输来说是必须的接地返回路径。
已经开发出了高性能、低损耗的同轴电缆,以最小的阻抗间断传输较高频率的信号。采用低损耗的介电材料,这些电缆可以以最小的衰减传输较高的功率,高性能的电缆一般包括一个内导体,一种低损失介电材料比如多孔状的聚乙烯,一层薄的被缠绕的金属外屏蔽层比如一层导电箔,一层机织的镀铜编织物屏蔽层,以及一个聚合物比如聚氯乙烯(PVC)外套围绕着此内导体。希望将这种类型的电缆用于传输数字信号,比如在高清晰度电视(HDTV)工业中使用的数字信号。
在图1中示出了一种已知的如上面描述的高性能同轴电缆1,该电缆包括一个中心导体3和两个外部导体7。这两个外部导体是一个薄的被缠绕的金属箔7a和一个机织的编织物外导体7b。一层介电材料5将中心导体3与各外部导体7分开。整个电缆被包封在一个外套9中。
已知用来端接同轴电缆的连接器。为了端接电缆,一般对电缆进行如下制备:把中心导体、介电材料、编织物和电缆外套剥离到由RF同轴连接器的制造所规定的剥离长度。
在具有缠绕的金属屏蔽层的高性能同轴电缆的情况下,通常把形成屏蔽层的金属箔除去并且把它往后剥离,与外套大约齐平,如在图2a中示出的那样(下面将详细地描述)。以这样的方式除去金属箔对于电缆组件的制造商和电缆安装者来说是不方便的,因为这要求在围绕金属箔的编织物之后往后剥离金属箔。这种操作很费时间,并且要求特殊的工具,还可能造成编织物的损坏。
因此,优选的端接技术可能是不动金属箔,即,与介电材料和/或编织物齐平。然而,这样就提出了一个电性能方面的问题。在低频的情况下,以这种方式制备和端接的电缆不会出现电性能方面的问题,特别是在返回损失方面不会出现问题。然而,在高频的情况下,出现了回旋的信号路径,结果出现了比预期值高的返回损失或VSWR(电压驻波比)。
发明内容
按照本发明提供有一种用于端接同轴电缆的射频同轴连接器,该同轴电缆包括中心导体、围绕中心导体的介电材料以及用于围绕介电材料的导电金属箔,该连接器包括:一个基本上圆柱形的管状金属连接器本体装置,它具有用来容纳同轴电缆的第一端和用来与互补的连接器对接的第二端;以及一个基本上管状的绝缘装置,此装置在第一端与第二端之间位于连接器本体中,并且与连接器本体同轴,其中,连接器本体装置的第一端为一个敞开端,它具有一个由敞开端延伸到绝缘装置的孔,用来容纳电缆的中心导体、介电材料和导电金属箔,且其中,横截着敞开端与绝缘装置之间的孔的一部分该孔的内径减小,以实现与导电金属箔的压配合。孔的减小的内径最好位于绝缘装置附近。
本发明提供了一种用于端接高性能同轴电缆的射频同轴连接器,本发明能够在传输线中提供非常低的返回损失或者非常低的VSWR。该连接器具有一个用来容纳同轴电缆的孔。在使用时,中心导体、围绕中心导体的介电材料以及导电金属箔被容纳在该射频同轴连接器的第一端中,并且使导电编织物围绕着该连接器本体的第一端。很容易将电缆容放到连接器本体的第一端中,但是孔的减小的直径能实现电缆的导电金属箔与孔的内表面之间的压配合。这种压配合消除了电缆的导电金属箔与孔的内表面之间的任何间隙,且由此消除了导电金属箔与连接器本体之间的回旋的信号路径。
已经发现,防止这样的纵向信号路径是保持电场的垂直取向的有效方法,从而确保在较高频率下有良好的电性能。
该连接器还可以包括一个位于绝缘装置中并且与之它同轴的中心导体接触销柱装置。替代地,绝缘装置可以简单地具有一个在其中形成的中心孔,用来容纳电缆的中心导体的延长部分。
连接器最好还包括一个箍,用来压接到连接器本体装置的第一端上。在使用中,该箍将同轴电缆的导电编织物压接到连接器的第一端的外表面上。
连接器本体装置的第二端最好包括一个卡口颈圈。例如,连接器可以为一个低温焊接、卷曲或者压接类型的BNC插头。替代地,连接器本体装置的第二端可以具有一个推动配合或者带螺纹的颈圈。
孔的最小内径可以为3.75毫米或者更小,并且最好为3.70毫米或者更小。最小内径可以为3.60毫米或者更大,并且最好为3.65毫米或者更大。
孔的最大内径可以为3.80毫米或者更大,并且最好为3.85毫米或者更大。孔的最大内径可以为4.00毫米或者更小,并且最好为3.95毫米或者更小。
连接器本体装置的第一端的外径的范围可为4.50毫米到5.50毫米,并且最好范围为4.75毫米到5.25毫米。
本发明也提供了一种同轴引导装置,它包括上面描述的同轴连接器和一个同轴电缆。该同轴电缆包括中心导体、围绕中心导体的介电材料、围绕介电材料的导电金属箔、围绕金属箔的导电带以及一个外套。同轴电缆的中心导体、介电材料和导电金属箔被容纳在连接器本体装置的第一端的孔内,使得实现一种压配合。
导电金属箔的外径的范围可以为3.7毫米到3.85毫米,最好在3.76毫米到3.79毫米的范围内。
附图说明
现在将仅借助于示例参考着下面的附图详细地描述本发明的一个实施例,在附图中:
图1是已知的高性能同轴电缆的部分剖开的图;
图2a和2b是用一种已知的同轴连接器与图1中示出的已知的高性能同轴电缆端接的剖面图;
图3是一个剖面图,示出了在同轴连接器中阶梯间断部分处的电场线;
图4是按照本发明的一个同轴连接器的剖面图;
图5是用图4中所示的同轴连接器与图1中示出的已知的高性能同轴电缆端接的剖面图;
图6a、6b和6c分别表示在图2a、2b和5中示出的端接的同轴连接器预期的返回损失;以及
图7a、7b和7c分别示出了在图2a、2b和5中示出同轴电缆预期的电压驻波比(VSWR)。
具体实施方式
一种高性能同轴电缆在传输的正常横电磁波模中的电场线是纯粹径向的,因此与中心导体和外部导体的表面垂直地终止。然而,在导体的直径的突变过渡处,比如一个同轴连接器的导体直径的阶梯变化的部位,该电场线发生变形,从而维持它们与导体表面的垂直关系,如在图3中所示出的那样。电场线的这种变形产生传播的较高次模。因为通常没有把连接器设计成传输这些传播的较高次模,这些较高次模将在非常短的距离内被衰减,且因此被局限在间断部分的附近。传播的较高次模导致正常的横电磁波模的功率损失,在较高频率的情况下这造成比预计的要高的返回损失或VSWR。通过分析知道变形似乎是电容性的,并且这些变形是在匹配的阻抗连接器中出现反射的主要来源。
在连接器设计中避免间断部分几乎是不可能的。例如,使电缆端接于一个连接器的方法常常造成电缆与连接器之间的直径变化。这些变化要求连接器直径的改变,以便保持适当的阻抗,因此改变产生的间断部分。在1000MHz以下,这样的间断部分通常对于所造成的返回损失或VSWR没有任何明显的影响。然而,在更高的频率下,这些间断部分对连接器的性能有很大的影响。
图2a表示在图1中示出的已知的高性能同轴电缆1,使用一个已知的同轴连接器11与该电缆端接。为了清楚起见,在图中仅只示出了容纳电缆1的连接器11的那部分。
如在该附图中所示出的那样,将电缆外套9由电缆1的中心导体3和介电材料5向后剥离。也将导电的金属箔7a在编织物7b的下面向后剥离,以与电缆外套9大致齐平。将中心导体3和介电材料5容纳在连接器11的第一端13中。暴露的中心导体3也被容纳到一个中心导体接触销柱23中,并且介电材料5邻靠着连接器11中的一个对应的绝缘件21。
连接器11的第一端13的外表面的周围接纳编织物7b。把一个箍15压接在连接器11的第一端13的外表面上,以迫使编织物7b压靠在连接器11的第一端13上,并防止连接器11与电缆1脱开。
图2a也示出中心导体与外部导体3,7之间的电场线。由附图可以看到,在未被触动的电缆1中电场线是垂直的。在邻近连接器11的第一端13的开口端的区域中电场线稍有变形,在此区域,编织物与中心导体不平行。然而,在这个区域中电场线的稍微变形不会造成明显的返回损失。在连接器11的第一端13内,电场线恢复垂直的取向,电场线由中心导体3伸展到连接器11的第一端13(该第一端与编织物7b电连接)。
在图2a中示出的端接的电缆在返回损失方面表现出可接受的性能,即使在高频应用方面比如高清晰度视频电缆中也是可接受的。然而,如上面描述过的那样,在图2a中示出的布置要求通过从编织物7b的下面切掉导电的金属箔7a来制备电缆11的端部,使得导电的金属箔7a与电缆外套9的端部大致齐平。
图2b示出了在图1中示出的已知的高性能同轴电缆1,使用与在图2a中示出的相同的已知同轴连接器11与该电缆端接。然而,在这种情况下,仅只把电缆外套9由电缆1的端部剥离,使导电的金属箔7a与介电材料5齐平。这是制备电缆的优选方式,因为这样不要求任何特殊的努力或者特殊的工具。同样,为了清楚起见,在图中仅只示出了容纳电缆1的连接器11的那部分。
如在该附图中所示出的那样,将中心导体3、介电材料5和导电的金属箔7a容纳在连接器11的第一端13中。将中心导体3容纳到中心导体接触销柱23中,并且介电材料5和导电的金属箔7a邻靠连接器11中的绝缘件21。
连接器11的第一端13的外表面的周围接纳编织物7b。把箍15压接在连接器11的第一端13的外表面上。
图2b示出了在图1中所示的已知的高性能同轴电缆1的中心导体3与外面的导电金属箔7a之间的电场线。由该附图可以看到,同样,在未被触动的电缆1中电场线与中心导体3和外面的导电金属箔7a垂直。也可以看到,在导电金属箔7a的外表面与连接器11的第一端13的孔的内表面之间存在一个带间隙的区域。在连接器11的第一端13内,电场线大致是垂直的,终止在中心导体3和导电的金属箔7a。然而,发自中心导体3的暴露端的电场线并不终止在导电的金属箔7a,而是在纵向的方向上由介电材料5和导电金属箔7a的端部伸展,并且在带间隙的区域内的某个位置终止。这些纵向的电场线集中在导电金属箔7a与连接器11的第一端13的内表面之间形成的间隙中。这些电场线显著地变形,造成所谓的圆柱形凹状谐振腔,因此使得连接器以一个特定的频率共振。
本发明提供了一种用来端接具有外导电金属箔的高性能同轴电缆的连接器,此连接器即使在高频下也不会产生圆柱形凹状谐振腔和因此造成的高的返回损失,并且不需要电缆的端部如在图2中所示出的那样进行特殊的制备。
图4示出了按照本发明的同轴连接器17。该同轴连接器17包括一个基本上管状的金属连接器本体19、一个基本上管状的绝缘装置21、一个中心导体接触销柱23和一个箍(未示出)。
本体19的第一端19a具有一个敞开端,用来容纳同轴电缆11。本体19的第一端19a可以由与本体19的其余部分不同的元件形成,对于不同尺寸的电缆1确定不同尺寸的第一端19a。本体19的第二端19b提供一个BNC插头,用来与一个互补的插座对接。对于本领域技术人员来说,本体19的第二端19b的设计是已知的,将不作进一步的描述。绝缘装置21设置在本体19的两端部之间,使其与本体19同轴。该绝缘装置包括两个绝缘块体21a、21b,穿过它们形成轴向孔。中心导体销柱装置23设置在绝缘装置21的轴向孔中。销柱布置包括一个用来容纳通过本体19的第一端19a的同轴电缆1的中心导体3的部分23a。
连接器17也可包括多个其它的部件(未示出),比如卡口颈圈、衬垫、弹簧垫圈和开口垫圈。从已有的连接器可知这些部件,且不再作进一步的描述。
连接器本体19的第一端19a具有一个由敞开端延伸到绝缘装置21的孔。该孔的内径由在敞开端的第一直径阶梯地变成邻近绝缘装置21的较小的第二直径。本体19的第一端19a的外表面有一个滚花的表面。
在使用时,以与在图2b中所示的电缆相同的方式制备高性能的同轴电缆1,即,通过向后剥离介垫材料5和导电金属箔7a使其大致齐平,从而留下中心导体3的一段暴露的部分。随后将电缆1容放到连接器17中,如在图5中所示出的那样。
参见图5,可以看到:把中心导体3、介电材料5和导电金属箔7a容纳在连接器本体19的第一端19a的孔中。中心导体3的暴露部分也容放到中心导体接触销柱23中。随后使介电材料5和导电金属箔7a邻靠着连接器17的绝缘装置21。孔和电缆部件的相对尺寸使得可以很容易地将介电材料5和导电金属箔7a容放到孔中,但是,孔的较小的第二直径在邻近连接器17的绝缘装置21的部位实现与导电金属箔7a之间的压配合。
在该附图中所示的具体示例中,导电金属箔5的外径为3.78毫米,而孔的第一和第二内径分别为3.9毫米和3.68毫米。
本体19的第一端19a的外表面的周围接纳编织物7b,并且把一个箍压接在该编织物上。
图5示出了在电缆的中心导体与外部导体3、7之间的电场线。在未被触动的电缆1中的电场线是垂直的。在孔内,电场线是垂直的,在中心导体2和导电金属箔7a处终止。然而,与在图2b中示出的布置相反,没有沿着连接器本体19的第一端19a的长度延伸的纵向电场线。这是因为在导电金属箔7a与孔之间的压配合确保没有任何间隙提供一条用于电场的路径。相反,发自中心导体的暴露部分的电场线直接终止在连接器本体上,如在图中所示出的那样。
如上面注意到的那样,纵向的电场线的消除减小了在高频下的返回损失和VSWR。图6a、6b和6c分别表出在图2a、2b和5中示出的端接的同轴连接器的预期的返回损失的曲线图。这些曲线图可以直接地进行比较。可以由曲线图中看到,本发明的同轴连接器的返回损失(图6c)比在图6b中所示的返回损失有很大的改进,并且与图6a中所示的返回损失类似。
图7a、7b和7c是可直接比较的曲线图,它们分别表示在图2a、2b和5中示出的同轴连接器的预期的电压驻波比(VSWR)。同样,可以由曲线图中看到,本发明的同轴连接器的VSWR(图7c)比在图7b中所示的VSWR有很大的改进,其中,没有任何特别的共振频率。本发明的同轴连接器的VSWR与图7a中所示的VSWR类似。
对于本领域技术人员来说,对本发明的多种改进将是显然的。例如,上面描述的连接器是一种BNC连接器。然而,本发明同样可以用于其它类型的射频同轴连接器。
在上面描述的连接器中,连接器本体的第一端的孔有两个内径,在它们之间有一个阶梯。然而,其它的孔型线也是适用的。例如,孔的内径可以由第一直径逐渐地倾斜变化到第二直径,或者可以设置两个以上的不同内径。重要的是,邻近连接器的绝缘装置的部位在孔与电缆的导电金属箔之间实现压配合。
对于上面描述的连接器提供了孔的具体尺寸。然而,孔的实际尺寸会按照电缆的尺寸和类型改变。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于端接同轴电缆的射频同轴连接器,所述同轴电缆包括中心导体、包围中心导体的介电材料,以及包围介电材料的导电金属箔,所述连接器包括:
基本上圆柱形的管状金属连接器本体装置,其具有用来容纳所述同轴电缆的第一端和用来与互补的连接器对接的第二端;以及
基本上管状的绝缘装置,所述绝缘装置在所述第一端与所述第二端之间位于连接器本体中,并且与所述连接器本体同轴;
其中,所述连接器本体装置的所述第一端为敞开端,并具有由所述敞开端延伸到所述绝缘装置的孔,用来容纳所述电缆的所述中心导体、所述介电材料和所述导电金属箔,且其中,横截着所述敞开端与所述绝缘装置之间的所述孔的一部分所述孔的内径减小,以实现与所述导电金属箔的压配合。
2.按照权利要求1所述的连接器,其特征在于,其还包括中心导体接触销柱装置,其位于所述绝缘装置中并与之同轴。
3.按照权利要求1所述的连接器,其特征在于,其还包括用来压接到所述连接器本体装置的所述第一端上的箍。
4.按照权利要求1所述的连接器,其特征在于,所述连接器本体装置的所述第二端包括卡口颈圈。
5.按照权利要求4所述的连接器,其特征在于,所述连接器为BNC连接器。
6.按照权利要求1所述的连接器,其特征在于,所述孔的最小内径为3.75毫米或者更小。
7.按照权利要求1所述的连接器,其特征在于,所述孔的最大内径为3.80毫米或者更大。
8.按照权利要求2所述的连接器,其特征在于,所述中心导体接触销柱装置包括容纳部分,用来容纳所述同轴电缆的中心导体。
9.按照权利要求1所述的连接器,其特征在于,所述连接器本体装置的所述第一端的外径的范围为4.50毫米到5.50毫米。
10.一种同轴引导装置,它包括:
用于端接同轴电缆的射频同轴连接器,所述同轴电缆包括中心导体、围绕所述中心导体的介电材料以及围绕所述介电材料的导电金属箔,所述连接器包括:
基本上圆柱形的管状金属连接器本体装置,其具有用来容纳用于所述同轴电缆的第一端和用来与互补的连接器对接的第二端;以及
基本上管状的绝缘装置,所述绝缘装置在所述第一端与所述第二端之间位于所述连接器本体中,并且与连接器本体同轴;
其中,所述连接器本体装置的所述第一端为敞开端,其具有由所述敞开端延伸到所述绝缘装置的孔,用来容纳所述电缆的所述中心导体、所述介电材料和所述导电金属箔,且其中,横截着所述敞开端与所述绝缘装置之间的所述孔的一部分所述孔的内径减小,以实现与所述导电金属箔的压配合;以及
同轴电缆,其包括中心导体、围绕所述中心导体的介电材料、围绕所述介电材料的导电金属箔、围绕所述金属箔的导电编织物以及外套;
其中,在所述连接器的所述孔的内表面与所述电缆的所述导电金属箔之间有压配合。
11.按照权利要求10所述的引导装置,其特征在于,所述电缆的所述中心导体、所述介电材料和所述导电金属箔被容纳在所述连接器本体装置的所述第一端的所述孔内。
12.按照权利要求11所述的引导装置,其特征在于,所述导电金属箔的外径的范围为3.76毫米到3.79毫米。
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CN101785155B (zh) * | 2007-06-18 | 2012-11-28 | 北卡罗来纳康姆斯科普公司 | 包括细长中空腔的带有绝缘元件的同轴连接器和相关方法 |
CN102214881A (zh) * | 2010-04-02 | 2011-10-12 | 约翰·梅扎林瓜联合有限公司 | 同轴电缆压缩连接器 |
CN111903002A (zh) * | 2018-02-19 | 2020-11-06 | 沃特洛电气制造公司 | 用于高压电加热器的紧凑坚固的连接器组件 |
US11432373B2 (en) | 2018-02-19 | 2022-08-30 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Compact robust connector assembly for high voltage electrical heaters |
CN111903002B (zh) * | 2018-02-19 | 2022-11-04 | 沃特洛电气制造公司 | 用于高压电加热器的紧凑坚固的连接器组件 |
CN112751150A (zh) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-04 | 是德科技股份有限公司 | 绝热同轴电缆联接器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB0419303D0 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
GB2417618B (en) | 2009-03-04 |
US7381089B2 (en) | 2008-06-03 |
US20060046565A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
GB2417618A (en) | 2006-03-01 |
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