CN1726877A - 包含eap完整击发系统锁定机构的外科器械 - Google Patents
包含eap完整击发系统锁定机构的外科器械 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种尤其适合于内窥镜手术的外科缝合和切割器械装有手柄,该手柄产生独立的闭合和击发运动以致动端部执行器。特别的是,所述手柄产生多击发冲程以减小击发端部执行器所需的力。联动传动减小了所需的手柄纵向长度,但当被伸直以用于击发时也获得了刚性的坚固构造。弹簧偏压式侧向卡爪击发机构通过电活化聚合物(EAP)块状致动器的致动而被起动,所述电活化聚合物块状致动器克服了脱离弹簧偏压并且将链式齿条移动到侧向卡爪击发机构附近。因此,可包含各种检测或命令的输入以防止意外击发。
Description
相关申请的相互参照
本申请要求Shelton IV于2004年7月28日申请的、系列号为No.60/591,694且发明名称为“包含电致动关节机构的外科器械”的美国临时专利申请的优先权。
本申请要求共同拥有的于2005年2月7日申请的、系列号为No.11/052,387的美国专利申请的优先权,该申请的发明名称为“包含带有复位弹簧旋转式手动缩回系统的多冲程击发机构的外科缝合器械”,上述申请的全部公开内容在此引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明总的涉及能够对组织施加多行缝钉且同时切割在这些缝钉线之间的组织的外科缝合器械,本发明尤其涉及对缝合器械的改进和对用于形成可防止意外击发的这种缝合器械的各种零部件的过程的改进。
背景技术
由于较小的切口易于减小术后恢复时间和并发症,所以内窥镜(“微创”)外科器械与传统的开放式手术装置相比更受偏爱。因而,适合通过套管针的插管将远端执行器精确放置在理想的手术部位的内窥镜外科器械领域得到了显著的发展。这些远端执行器以多种方式接合组织以获得诊断或治疗效果(例如,内切割器、抓钳,切割器、缝合器、夹具施放器、进入装置、药物/基因治疗输送装置、以及使用超声、RF、激光等的能量装置)。
已知的外科缝合器包括一个同时在组织中形成纵向切口和将在该切口的相对侧上施加多行缝钉的端部执行器。该端部执行器包括一对相配合的钳口构件,如果欲将该器械用于内窥镜或腹腔镜用途,则所述钳口构件能够通过插管通道。其中一个所述钳口构件承载具有至少两排横向间隔开的缝钉的缝钉匣。另一个钳口构件限定了一个砧板,所述砧板具有与所述缝钉匣中的缝钉排对准的缝钉形成凹槽。该器械包括多个往复运动的楔状件,当被朝远侧驱动时,所述楔状件通过缝钉匣中的开口并且与支承缝钉的驱动器接合以朝向砧板击发缝钉。
通常,单闭合冲程之后跟随着单击发冲程,该单闭合冲程对于进行切割和缝合是方便和有效的方式。然而,在一些情况下,多击发冲程是需要的。例如,外科医生为了从钳口尺寸范围内切去所需长度而选择缝钉匣的长度。更长的缝钉匣需要更长的击发冲程。因此,为了实现击发,与较短的缝钉匣相比,需要手压式扳柄来对这些更长的缝钉匣施加更大的力以便切割更多的组织并驱动更多的缝钉。理想的是,所需力较小并且与较短的缝钉匣相当,从而不超出一些外科医生的手部力量。另外,对较大的缝钉匣不熟悉的一些外科医生可能担心当需要出乎意料的较大的力时会发生粘结或其它故障。
在申请人Shelton于2005年2月25日申请的、发明名称为“具有用于防止击发的电活化聚合物致动式单锁定机构的外科缝合器械”的美国专利申请No.11/066,371中,EAP锁定致动器有利地装在执行部分中以阻挡击发构件从而防止击发,该申请的全部公开内容在此引入作为参考。由此,可以避免不希望的情况,例如当发生完整或部分击发时,导致切割被夹紧的组织,而外科器械不能使缝钉成形。
尽管这种包含在执行部分中的EAP锁定机构具有某些优点,但是在一些情况下需要提供一种替代的或附加的锁定机构。
因此,强烈需要一种改进的外科缝合和切割器械,当该器械或外科医生未准备充分地切割和缝合被夹紧的组织时,该器械能够防止意外击发(即,切割和缝合)。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种外科缝合和切割器械,并克服了现有技术的上述和其它的缺陷,所述器械有利地包含多击发冲程手柄,该手柄致动一个长的端部执行器而不需要外科医生施加不当的手控力。然而,阻止按压多击发冲程手柄对击发机构施加击发力,直到条件允许以电学方式克服脱离偏压。
在本发明的一个方面中,一种外科器械包括由往复运动的击发致动器致动的执行部分,所述击发致动器与击发构件的向远侧移动、在近侧接合的部分接合。特别的是,当锁定构件允许接合时,接合机构有选择地连接最近的并被对准的击发致动器和击发构件以用于运动。为此,锁定机构具有脱离偏压构件,除了当相对地布置的电致动器克服脱离偏压构件时之外,所述脱离偏压构件脱离所述接合机构。由此,击发机构默认为脱离,并且允许外科医生按压击发致动器,例如扳柄,而不影响击发。因此,击发构件的意外按压或当该器械未准备好正确击发时的按压实际上不会导致击发。
在本发明的另一个方面中,一种外科器械具有端部执行器,该端部执行器带有枢转连接的相对的钳口和容纳在所述其中一个相对钳口中以用于缝合和切割组织的缝钉匣。击发杆致动所述端部执行器以实现缝合和切割被夹紧的组织。当通过接合机构连接在一起时,齿条在近侧连接到所述击发杆并且在远侧通过最近的且与齿条对齐的往复运动的击发致动器平移。作为默认,通过脱离偏压构件从所述齿条脱离所述接合机构,锁定机构有利地阻止该接合以用于击发,直到当起动时相对地布置的电致动器克服所述脱离偏压构件。从而避免了意外切割组织或过早地发射缝钉。
在本发明的又一个方面中,一种外科器械具有击发杆,该击发杆在细长轴内平移以导致在远侧连接到其上的端部执行器进行手术操作。在近侧连接到所述击发杆的齿条被手柄包围和引导。击发扳柄还连接到所述手柄用于运动,以在其远侧的运动中驱动卡爪与所述齿条接合,从而除了当电活化聚合物致动器未驱使所述卡爪与所述齿条接合之外实现击发。
(1)本发明涉及一种外科器械,包括:执行部分,其由具有近侧接合部分的向远侧运动的击发构件致动;击发致动器,其靠近并与所述击发构件的近侧接合部分对齐,该击发致动器具有可操作的构造以纵向往复运动;接合机构,其具有可操作的构造以将所述击发致动器向远侧的运动结合到所述击发构件的近侧接合部分中;以及锁定机构,其包括:脱离所述接合机构的脱离偏压构件,以及被相对地放置的电致动器,当激活时其可克服所述脱离偏压构件。
(2)根据项目(1)所述的外科器械,其中,所述锁定机构的所述电致动器包括电活化聚合物致动器。
(3)根据项目(1)所述的外科器械,其中,所述击发构件的所述近侧接合部分包括齿条。
(4)根据项目(3)所述的外科器械,其中,所述击发构件的所述近侧接合部分包括链式齿条。
(5)根据项目(3)所述的外科器械,其中,所述接合机构包括卡爪,在所述卡爪向远侧运动的过程中所述卡爪被偏压成与所述齿条接合。
(6)根据项目(1)所述的外科器械,进一步包括导向件,所述导向件限制所选择的其中一个所述击发构件和所述接合机构以用于往复的击发运动,并且允许有选择的朝着和远离另一个所述击发构件和所述接合构件作横向运动。
(7)根据项目(6)所述的外科器械,其中,所述接合机构包括支撑卡爪的卡爪滑块,所述击发构件的所述近侧接合部分包括齿条。
(8)根据项目(7)所述的外科器械,其中,所述锁定机构进一步包括连接到所述卡爪滑块并与所述齿条滑动接触的弹簧。
(9)根据项目(6)所述的外科器械,其中,所述电致动器被定位在与所述接合机构相对的所述击发构件的所述近侧接合部分的一侧上,并且当被激活时具有可操作的构造以朝着所述接合机构推动所述近侧接合部分。
(10)根据项目(1)所述的外科器械,其中,所述击发致动器包括单击发冲程扳柄。
(11)根据项目(1)所述的外科器械,其中,所述击发致动器包括多冲程扳柄。
(12)本发明还涉及一种外科器械,包括:端部执行器,其包括枢转连接的相对的钳口和容纳在其中一个所述相对钳口中的缝钉匣;向远侧运动的击发杆构件,其包括具有可操作的构造以致动所述缝钉匣和切割被夹紧在所述相对钳口之间的组织的远侧部分;齿条,其在近侧连接到所述击发杆构件;往复运动的击发致动器,其靠近并与所述齿条对齐;接合机构,其具有可操作的构造以将所述击发致动器向远侧的运动结合到所述齿条中;锁定机构,其包括:从所述齿条脱离的所述接合机构的脱离偏压构件;以及相对地放置的电致动器,当激活时其克服所述脱离偏压构件。
(13)根据项目(12)所述的外科器械,其中,所述锁定机构的所述电致动器包括电活化聚合物致动器。
(14)根据项目(12)所述的外科器械,其中,所述击发构件的所述近侧接合部分包括链式齿条。
(15)根据项目(12)所述的外科器械,其中,所述接合机构包括卡爪,在所述卡爪向远侧运动的过程中所述卡爪被偏压成与所述齿条接合。
(16)根据项目(12)所述的外科器械,进一步包括齿条导向件,该齿条导向件限制所述齿条和所述接合机构以用于往复的击发运动,并且允许有选择的作彼此接近和彼此远离的横向运动。
(17)根据项目(16)所述的外科器械,其中,所述接合机构包括支撑卡爪的卡爪滑块。
(18)根据项目(17)所述的外科器械,其中,所述锁定机构进一步包括连接到所述卡爪滑块并与所述齿条滑动接触的弹簧。
(19)根据项目(16)所述的外科器械,其中,所述电致动器包括电活化聚合物致动器,该电活化聚合物致动器定位在靠近所选择的其中一个所述击发构件的所述近侧接合部分和所述接合机构上并与另一个相对,并且具有可操作的构造以便在被激活时朝着另一个推动所选择的其中之一所述近侧接合部分和所述接合机构。
(20)根据项目(1)所述的外科器械,其中,所述击发致动器包括多击发冲程扳柄。
(21)根据项目(1)所述的外科器械,进一步包括闭合扳柄,该闭合扳柄具有可操作的构造以闭合所述相对的钳口从而夹紧组织。
(22)本发明进一步涉及一种外科器械,其包括:击发杆;端部执行器,其具有可操作的构造以响应由所述击发杆传递的平移击发运动来执行手术操作;细长轴,其滑动地接纳所述击发杆以用于平移、往复的击发运动;在近侧连接到所述击发杆的齿条;手柄,其包围所述齿条并引导所述齿条作往复的击发运动;连接到所述手柄以用于运动的击发扳柄;卡爪,其连接到所述击发扳柄并且具有可操作的构造以响应所述击发扳柄的致动而朝远侧驱动所述齿条;以及电活化聚合物致动器,其具有可操作的构造以有选择地与所述齿条中脱离接合所述卡爪并推动所述卡爪与所述齿条接合。
从附图及其描述中应当显而易见本发明的这些和其它的目的和优点。
附图说明
被结合到该说明书中并且作为说明书一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例,其与上述本发明的概括描述以及下面给出的对实施例的具体描述一起用于说明本发明的原理。
图1是外科缝合和切割器械的左前侧透视图,该器械包括在手柄部分中的电活化聚合物(EAP)阻挡、完全锁定机构。
图2是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的手柄部分的右后侧透视图,其中手柄壳体的右半个壳体被拆除,以暴露闭合和击发机构。
图3是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的手柄部分和细长轴的右后侧透视分解图。
图4是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的右视图,其中右半个壳体和执行部分的外部被拆除,以暴露在初始状态的闭合和击发机构。
图5是部分拆卸的图4所示外科缝合和切割器械的右后侧透视图,其中闭合机构被闭合并夹紧,侧向卡爪击发机构完成了第一冲程,并且手动缩回机构被拆除,以暴露引起击发机构自动缩回的链式齿条的远侧链节。
图6是从分解的闭合轭组件中形成的链式齿条击发机构和带有如图3所示的EAP击发锁定件的侧向卡爪击发机构的详细的右后侧透视图。
图7是链式齿条击发机构的右后侧透视图,其带有朝近侧缩回的链式齿条、闭合轭、闭合轭滑道以及包含EAP锁定机构的侧向卡爪组件的卡爪滑块,其所示的EAP锁定机构从图1中的外科缝合和切割器械的链式齿条中电脱开(去致动)。
图8是包括图7所示侧向卡爪组件的一部分的链式齿条击发机构的右后侧透视图,其中附加了击发扳柄和带有虚线表示的缓冲弹簧的卡爪块(block)。
图9是包括图8所示一部分侧向卡爪组件的链式齿条击发机构的俯视图,其中进一步在卡爪块上附加了推出块。
图10是图9所示链式齿条击发机构的俯视图,其中EAP锁定机构被致动,使链式齿条向右位移成与卡爪块和推出块接合。
图11是包括侧向卡爪组件、链式齿条、闭合轭和轨道、以及击发扳柄的链式齿条击发机构的右后侧透视图,其中EAP锁定机构被致动以允许击发。
图12是在击发冲程之后图11所示链式齿条击发机构的右后侧透视图,其中EAP锁定机构被去致动,以防止链式齿条前进。
具体实施方式
在图1中,外科缝合和切割器械10包括多冲程击发的端部执行器,其在图中所示的形式中为缝钉施加组件12。砧板14可以绕其连接到细长(缝钉)通道16上的枢轴重复地打开和闭合。缝钉施加组件12在近侧连接到细长轴18上,形成一个执行部分22。当缝钉施加组件12闭合时,执行部分22具有适合通过外部连接的操作手柄20经过套管针插入的小横截面面积。
手柄20具有安装在其手柄壳体154上的用户控制器,所述用户控制器例如为围绕轴18的纵向轴线旋转细长轴18和缝钉施加组件12的旋钮30。闭合扳柄26在手枪式握柄36前方围绕闭合扳柄销152枢转,所述闭合扳柄销沿横向接合在手柄壳体154上,按压该闭合扳柄以闭合缝钉施加组件12。在闭合扳柄26的前方枢转的多冲程击发扳柄34导致缝钉施加组件12,同时切割和缝合夹在其中的组织。由于采用多个击发冲程来减小医生的手为每个冲程所需的力的大小,右和左指示轮40,41(后者在图3中示出)旋转击发进程的显示标记。例如,完整的击发行程可以需要三个完整的击发冲程,因此指示轮40,41每个冲程旋转达三分之一转。如果需要,手动击发释放杆42允许在完整的击发行程之前缩回,并且在存在粘结或缩回偏压失灵的情况下帮助缩回。当闭合扳柄26被夹紧并且未发生部分击发时,使闭合释放按钮38向外呈现,这可以防止松开闭合扳柄26。
参考图1-5,细长轴18具有作为其外部结构的纵向往复运动的封闭管24,该封闭管使砧板14枢转以响应手柄20的闭合扳柄26的近侧按压而实现闭合。尤其参考图3,细长轴18通过在封闭管24内部的框架28连接到手柄20上。该框架28可旋转地接合手柄20,从而对旋钮30的扭转导致执行部分22旋转。特别参照图3,旋钮30的每个半壳体包括向内的突起31,该突起进入封闭管24中的一个相应的较长的侧面开口70中且向内移动以接合框架28,所述框架决定执行部分22的旋转位置。较长的开口70的纵向长度足够长以允许封闭管24进行纵向闭合运动。
闭合扳柄26的上部160通过闭合连杆164向前推动闭合轭162。该闭合连杆164在其远端通过闭合轭销166以可枢转的方式连接到闭合轭162上,并且在其近端通过闭合连杆销168也可枢转的方式连接。闭合扳柄26被闭合扳柄拉伸弹簧246推动到打开位置,所述闭合扳柄拉伸弹簧在近侧被连接到闭合扳柄26的上部160上并被连接到由右和左半个壳体156,158形成的手柄壳体154上。
闭合扳柄26的上部160包括带有后凹口171的近侧顶部170。闭合释放按钮38和枢转锁定臂172通过中心横向枢轴173连接。压缩弹簧174向近侧偏压闭合释放按钮38(在从右侧看时围绕中心横向枢轴173成顺时针)。由于当闭合扳柄26如图34-35所示被释放时上部160向后,枢转锁定臂172搁置于内拉入闭合释放按钮38的近侧顶部170上。当闭合扳柄26到达其完全压下位置时,应当理解,后凹口171位于枢转锁定臂172下方,该枢转锁定臂在压缩弹簧174的推动下落入并锁定在后凹口171上。当击发部件缩回时,闭合释放按钮38的手动按压向上旋转枢转锁定臂172以松开闭合扳柄26。
一旦闭合扳柄26在近侧被夹紧,响应于被拉至手枪式握柄36的多冲程击发扳柄34使击发杆32从手柄20向远侧移动,医生可在右和左刻度指示轮40,41上看到的击发行程量。击发扳柄34围绕击发扳柄销202枢转,所述击发扳柄销横向穿过且被接合到右和左半个壳体156,158上。
联动传动击发机构150初始被缩回,通过组合式拉伸/压缩弹簧184迫使其保持在该位置上,所述组合式拉伸/压缩弹簧被限制在手柄20的手枪式握柄36内,并且其固定端186与壳体154连接,而移动端188与钢带192的向下弯曲的近侧缩回端190相连。
钢带192的设置在远侧的端部194被连接到连接部件195上,该连接部件位于形成链式齿条200的多个链节196a-196d的前链节196a上。链式齿条200是柔性的,但具有形成笔直的刚性齿条组件的远侧链节,该刚性齿条组件可以通过在执行部分22中的击发杆32传递相当大的击发力,但容易缩回到手枪式握柄36中以使手柄20的纵向长度最小化。应当理解的是,组合式拉伸/压缩弹簧184增加了有效的击发行程量,同时与单个弹簧相比基本上减小了一半的最小长度。
防倒转机构
在图3-5中,防倒转机构250防止组合式拉伸/压缩弹簧184在击发冲程之间缩回链式齿条200。连接滑管131抵靠第一链节196a并连接到击发杆32上以传递击发运动。击发杆32在近侧从框架28的近端伸出并且穿过防倒转板266的通孔408。该通孔408的尺寸被设置成,当垂直地对准时可滑动地接纳击发杆32,而当倾斜时约束该击发杆32。下连接片271(lower tab attachment)从框架28的近端的下缘向近侧延伸,延伸穿过在防倒转板266的下边缘上的孔269。该下连接片271将防倒转板266的下部拉近框架28,从而当击发杆32朝远侧前进时防倒转板266是垂直的,而当击发杆试图缩回时允许防倒转板266向后上方倾斜以进入约束状态。防倒转压缩弹簧264在远侧被框架28的近端限制并且在近侧抵靠防倒转板266的顶部,从而将防倒转板266偏压到锁定状态。
为抵抗弹簧偏压,防倒转凸轮管268滑动地包围连接滑管131并且抵靠在防倒转板266上。连接到防倒转凸轮管268上的近侧突出的防倒转轭256在闭合轭162的顶部之上延伸。
链式齿条触发式自动缩回
在图1-5中,联动触发式自动缩回机构289被装在外科缝合和切割器械10中,以引起在完整击发行程终点处的刀具缩回。为此,远侧的链节196d包括柄脚290,所述柄脚在使远侧链节196d前进到在闭合轭162中形成的齿条通道291中时向上突起。将该柄脚290对准以致动在防倒转释放杆248(图40)上的底部近侧凸轮292。在右和左半个壳体156,158上形成的结构限制了防倒转释放杆248的运动。分别形成于右和左半个壳体156,158之间的销插座296和圆形销293通过一个纵向细长孔294被接收,该孔294形成于在底部近侧凸轮292远侧的防倒转释放杆248中的上,从而允许纵向平移以及围绕圆形销293旋转。在右半个壳体156中,近侧开口的通道295包括与向上的远侧倾斜部分295b连通的近侧水平部分295a,所述向上的远侧倾斜部分接纳靠近防倒转释放杆248的近端的右后部销297(图39),因此,当防倒转释放杆248到达其平移的最远部分时,产生向上的旋转。一旦组装之后,在防倒转释放杆248近侧形成于右半个壳体156中的阻挡结构333防止其向近侧运动,以将右后部销297保持在近端开口的通道295中。
因此,将防倒转释放杆248的远端254朝远侧向下推动,导致右前部销298落入在右半个壳体156上形成的远端开口的台阶结构299中,所述台阶结构被压缩弹簧300推入到该接合状态,所述压缩弹簧钩在处于右前部销298和纵向长孔294之间的防倒转释放杆248上的左侧钧300上。压缩弹簧300的另一端连接到一个位于刚好在闭合轭162上方的更靠近和下面位置在右半个壳体156中形成的钩302上。因此,压缩弹簧300将防倒转释放杆248的远端254向下和向后拉,这导致当朝远侧前进时,右前部销298锁定在远端开口的台阶结构299中。
一旦脱开,防倒转释放杆248仍然向前垂直地保持防倒转板266,由此允许链式齿条200被缩回。当在松开端部执行器12期间使闭合轭162随后缩回时,在闭合轭162上的向上突出的复位柄脚303接触防倒转释放杆248的底部远侧凸轮305,以使右前部销298升高到远侧开口的台阶结构299之外,从而防倒转压缩弹簧264可以朝近侧将防倒转凸轮管268和防倒转释放杆248推到它们的缩回位置。
包含EAP锁定机构的侧向卡爪击发机构
手柄20,尤其是链式齿条击发机构150,在上面提到并已经引入作为参考的美国专利申请系列号为No.11/052,387中被更详细地描述,例如关于间歇地致动链式齿条的侧向卡爪组件的描述。然而,在图6中,侧向卡爪组件285被改进为包括EAP锁定机构199。具体地说,对链式齿条击发机构150的改进,特别是对闭合轭162、卡爪滑块(梭)270以及链节196a-d的改进,允许缓冲弹簧201在远侧被夹持在卡爪滑块270上的一个垂直弯曲的开口狭槽203中,沿卡爪滑块270的左侧延伸近侧的弓形部分。每个链节196a-d具有沿其右侧底部的水平凹槽205,从而对缓冲弹簧201提供不间断的接触表面以承受从此处产生的向左偏压,使链式齿条200脱离接合。当被靠着链节196a-d的右侧致动时,保持在闭合轭162上的向右开口的水平狭槽209中的EAP块状致动器207将链式齿条200推成紧靠卡爪滑块270,并压缩缓冲弹簧201,由此允许击发。
应当理解的是,因此可以包含许多控制电路部件以防止击发。例如,可以将起动开关加入手柄20中。作为另一个示例,可以包括端部执行器12中的传感器,例如存在或缺少未用光的缝钉匣,和存在夹入端部执行器中的合适数量的组织,存在或缺少辅助化合物或治疗特征(例如,烧灼,消毒等)。
电活化聚合物
电活化聚合物(EAPs)是一组导电的掺杂聚合物,其在施加电压时改变形状。实质上,导电的聚合物与某些形式的离子流体或凝胶和电极配合。离子从流体/凝胶中流入导电的聚合物或者从导电的聚合物中流出的流动通过施加的电位引起,并且这种流动引起聚合物的形状变化。依据所使用的聚合物和离子流体,电位在1V到4KV的范围内。一些EAPs在施加电压时收缩,而一些则膨胀。EAPs可以与机械装置配合,比如与弹性或柔性盘配合,来改变施加电压时所产生的效果。
有两种基本类型的EAPs并且每种有多种构造。该两种基本类型是纤维束和层压形式。纤维束由大约在30-50微米的纤维构成。这些纤维可以被织成非常类似于织物的一束并且因此常被称为EAP纱。这种类型的EAP在施加电压时收缩。电极通常由中央线芯和导电的外套组成,该外套还用来包含围绕纤维束的离子流体。一种可以在市场上买到的纤维EAP材料的例子由Santa Fe Science and Technology生产并且以商标PANIONTM纤维出售,而且在美国专利No.6,667,825中有描述,该专利的内容在此全部引入以供参考。
另一种类型是层压结构,其由一层EAP聚合物、一层离子凝胶和两个连接到所述层压件的每一侧上的柔性板构成。当施加电压时,方形的层压板沿一个方向膨胀,并且沿垂直方向收缩。一种可以在市场上买到的层压(板形)EAP材料的例子来自于Artificial Muscle Inc,其为SRI实验室的一个部门。板形EAP材料还可以从日本的EAMEX得到,其被称为薄膜EAP。
应当注意的是,EAPs在被加电时体积不变;它们仅仅是沿一个方向膨胀或收缩,而在横向上则与之相反地变化。可以通过将一侧包含到刚性结构上并将另一侧更像活塞一样的使用而以其基本形式使用层压形式。层压形式还可以被粘接到柔性板的任意一侧上。当给柔性板EAP的一侧加电时,其沿相反方向扩张弯曲柔性板。依据加电侧的不同,这允许该板在任一方向上弯曲。
EAP致动器通常由许多层或者成束的纤维一起组成,以便配合工作。EAP的机械构造确定EAP致动器和其运动的能力。可以将EAP形成长绳并且缠绕在单个中心电极上。柔性的外部外套管将为致动器形成另一个电极并且装有该装置的功能所必需的离子流体。在这种结构中,当将电场施加到电极上时,EAP绳缩短。EAP致动器的这种构造被称为纤维EAP致动器。同样,可以在柔性板的每一侧上以多层放置层压结构或者仅仅在其自身上放置多层以增加其性能。典型的纤维结构具有2-4%的有效应力,典型的层压形式利用更高的电压可获得20-30%。然而,应当理解的是,这些性能范围不是限定的。
例如,层压EAP材料可以由连接到EAP层上的正板电极层形成,该EAP层又连接到离子细胞层上,而离子细胞层又连接到负板电极层上。多个层压EAP复合材料可以通过它们之间的粘合剂层以堆叠的方式固定,以形成EAP板状致动器。可以理解的是,相对的EAP致动器可以被形成为沿任一方向有选择性地弯曲。
收缩式EAP纤维致动器可以包括纵向的铂阴极电线,该阴极电线穿过绝缘的聚合物近端帽,然后经过一细长的圆柱形腔体,该圆柱形腔体形成于经导电涂层以作为阳极使用的塑料圆柱形壁内。铂阴极电线的远端被嵌入绝缘的聚合物远端帽内。许多收缩聚合物纤维与阴极电线平行地布置并且围绕该阴极电线,它们的端部被嵌入到相应的端帽中。塑料圆柱形壁沿圆周围绕相应的端帽连接,以包围圆柱形腔体来将填充位于收缩聚合纤维和阴极电线之间的空间的离子流体或凝胶密封。当经过圆柱形壁(阳极)和阴极电线施加电压时,离子流体进入收缩的聚合物纤维内,使它们的外径膨胀,同时长度相应地收缩,由此将各端帽拉向彼此。
击发、手动缩回和自动缩回
尤其参考图2-5,击发扳柄34围绕连接到壳体154上的击发扳柄销202枢转。击发致动器被显示在击发扳柄34的上部204,当朝着手枪式握柄36按压击发扳柄34时,所述击发致动器围绕击发扳柄销202朝远侧移动,从而拉伸放置在近侧的击发扳柄拉伸弹簧206(图3),该拉伸弹簧在近侧连接到击发扳柄34的上部204和壳体154之间。在每次击发扳柄被弹簧偏压式侧向卡爪机构210按压的过程中,击发扳柄34的上部204与链式齿条200接合,而当释放击发扳柄34时,该上部也脱离。
特别的是,由在每个链节196a-196d中的在近侧且面朝右的倾斜表面284形成的倾斜的右侧轨道282由侧向卡爪组件285接合。特别地,卡爪滑块(梭)270(图3,6)具有右和左下部导向件272,所述导向件分别在形成于闭合轭162上且位于齿条通道291下方的左轨道274(图3,6)中以及平行于齿条通道291并且连接到齿条通道盖277上的闭合轭滑道276中的右轨道275中滑动,所述齿条通道盖闭合在卡爪滑块270的行程远侧的闭合轭162中的齿条通道291的向右开口部分。在图3,6中,将压缩弹簧278连接在闭合轭滑道276上处于顶部近侧位置的钩279和卡爪滑块270的远侧右侧上的钩280之间,这保持卡爪滑块270朝近侧受拉以与击发扳柄34的上部204接触。为了清楚起见,其它图忽略了压缩弹簧278。
尤其参考图6,卡爪块318位于围绕垂直的后部销320枢转的卡爪滑块270上,所述后部销穿过卡爪块318和卡爪滑块270的左侧近端角。推出块凹部322在块318的顶部表面的远侧部分上形成以接纳推出块324,所述推出块通过垂直销326以枢转方式锁定在所述凹部中,所述垂直销的底端延伸在到卡爪滑块270的顶部表面上的卡爪弹簧凹槽328中。在卡爪弹簧凹槽328中的卡爪弹簧330延伸到垂直的前部销326的右侧,从而推动卡爪块318逆时针旋转(从上面看时)以与倾斜的右侧轨道282接合。在推出块凹部322中的小卷簧332推动推出块324顺时针旋转(从上面看时),推动其近端与在位于齿条通道291之上的闭合轭162中形成的轮廓的凸缘334接触。
卡爪弹簧330比小卷簧332有更强的机械优点意味着卡爪块318趋向于与顺时针旋转的推出块324接合。在图5中,当击发扳柄34被完全压下并且开始释放时,推出块324在卡爪滑块270缩回时遇到在轮廓凸缘334上的脊部336,迫使推出块324顺时针旋转(从上面看时),并由此将卡爪块318推出脱离与链式齿条200的接合。推出块凹部322的形状应在垂直于轮廓凸缘334的取向上停止推出块324的顺时针旋转(图10),从而在完全缩回的过程中保持该脱离状态,由此消除了啮合噪音。
在图3中,外科缝合和切割器械10包括手动缩回机构500,该机构提供了击发位置指示,击发机构的手动释放以及手动缩回。特别的是,齿轮机构502还用于可视地指示击发行程的进程和手动地缩回刀具。前空转齿轮220啮合链式齿条200的有齿的上部左侧表面222。该前空转齿轮220还啮合具有一个更小的右侧棘轮231的后空转齿轮230。前空转齿轮220和后空转齿轮230都与分别在前空转轴232和后空转轴234上的手柄壳体154可旋转地连接。后轴232的每个端部延伸通过相应的右和左半个壳体156,158,并且被连接到左和右刻度指示轮40,41上。由于后轴234在手柄壳体154中自由旋转并且与后齿轮230通过键接合,因此刻度指示轮40,41随后齿轮230旋转。可以有利地选择在链式齿条200,空转齿轮220和后齿轮230之间的齿轮关系,从而使有齿的上表面222具有适当坚固的齿尺寸,并且在联动传动击发机构150的完整击发行程中后齿轮230旋转不超过一圈。
后空转齿轮230的较小的右侧棘轮231延伸到手动缩回杆42的毂506中,特别地与平分毂506的垂直的纵向对齐的狭槽508(图42)对准。毂506的侧向通孔510与上部凹槽512连通。将前部514成形为接纳指向近侧的锁定卡爪516,该锁定卡爪围绕在上部凹槽512的远端中形成的向右的横向销518枢转。将后部520成形为接纳L形弹簧片522,该弹簧片向下推动锁定卡爪516以与右侧的较小棘轮231啮合。当手动缩回杆42在下方时,停止结构524从右半个壳体156伸入到上部凹槽512中,阻止锁定卡爪516与较小的右侧棘轮231接合。卷簧525(图3)向下推动手动缩回杆42。当抬起手动缩回杆42时,锁定卡爪516顺时针旋转,不再被停止结构524阻止并且与较小的右侧棘轮231接合,从而顺时针旋转后空转齿轮230(从左侧看时)。因此,前空转齿轮220响应,逆时针缩回链式齿条200。此外,向右弯曲的脊部530从毂506伸出,并且尺寸被设置成当转动手动缩回杆42时接触并朝远侧移动防倒转释放杆248,以释放防倒转机构250。
EAP阻挡锁定机构的操作
在图7-12中,所示出的侧向卡爪组件285处在执行击发的锁定的操作中。具体地说,在图7-9中,通过在闭合轭162和闭合轭滑道276之间受到纵向引导而沿横向限制卡爪滑块270。缓冲弹簧201沿横向延伸至卡爪滑块270和链式齿条200的相邻链节196a的水平凹槽205的左边,以将链式齿条200推动到在闭合轭162中形成的齿条通道291的左边。EAP块状致动器207在去致动状态下沿横向缩短,并被限制在闭合轭162中的向右开口的水平狭槽209中。因此,当击发扳柄34从其松驰位置(图8)被牵引到其压下位置(图12)时,击发扳柄34的顶部204推进卡爪块318,而不会与链节196a的在近侧且面朝右倾斜的表面284接合。因此,没有将力施加到链式齿条200上,所述链式齿条在不期望出现的击发情况下必须在下游被阻挡。
尽管通过对几个实施例的描述用图示说明了本发明,而且尽管相当详细地描述了所图示的实施例,但是本申请的目的并不是约束或以任何方式将后附的权利要求的范围限制到这些具体细节。另外的优点和改进对于本领域的普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。
应当理解的是,在此使用的术语“近侧”和“远侧”是参照抓握器械手柄的外科医生而言的。因此,端部执行器12相对于更近侧的手柄20处于远侧。类似的术语例如“前”和“后”同样分别对应于远侧和近侧。应当进一步理解的是,为了方便和清楚起见,在此处使用的空间术语例如“垂直”和“水平”是相对于附图而言。然而,可以在许多取向和位置上使用外科器械,并且这些术语并不意味着是限制性的和绝对的。
本发明就内窥镜手术和设备进行了论述。然而,此处使用的术语例如“内窥镜”不应当被解释为将本发明限制在仅与内窥镜管(即套管针)结合使用的外科缝合和切割器械。相反,认为本发明能用于将进入限制在小切口的任何手术中,包括但不限于腹腔镜手术以及开放式手术。
与本发明相一致的应用可以包括单击发冲程器械以及带有整体式击发齿条而不是链式齿条的那些器械。
链式齿条200用作致动执行部分22的击发构件一个近侧接合部分。应当理解的是,摩擦接合可被用来代替弹簧偏压式侧向卡爪组件285,例如在未审定且共同拥有的美国专利申请No.10/673,662中所描述的,该申请的申请人为Jeffrey S.Swayze等人,发明名称为“具有包含牵引偏压式棘轮机构的多冲程击发的外科缝合器械”,其全部公开内容在此引入作为参考。
另外,侧向卡爪组件285对其左侧的链式齿条200的定向是说明性的。应当理解的是,链式齿条或整体齿条可以被定向在连接到击发扳柄的选择性接合构件(例如弹簧偏压式卡爪,牵引偏压式构件)的上方、下方或右侧。
在上述的形式中,侧向卡爪为弹簧,该弹簧被偏压成与齿条200接合,但当在释放击发扳柄时朝近侧运动中,所述弹簧保持脱离接合。该弹簧偏压卡爪滑块以避免接合,除非由EAP锁定致动器克服。还应当理解的是,与本发明一致的应用可以包括EAP锁定致动器,其将卡爪偏压成与击发机构的齿条接合。因此,卡爪可以被偏压到脱离接合。当感知到击发扳柄时,被连接到击发扳柄上的传感器使EAP锁定致动器能被按压但不能被释放。将EAP锁定致动器致动(任意地满足其它前提),从而驱使卡爪与齿条接合。
在上述的形式中,齿条和卡爪接合被有利地描述为提供将击发运动从击发扳柄强有力地传递到击发杆。应当理解的是,与本申请一致的应用可以包括在击发构件的近侧部分和诸如击发扳柄的击发致动器之间的摩擦接合。通过产生间距或者防止粘结偏转(例如,纱门缓冲锁定),EAP锁定致动器可以防止粘接接触。
作为另一个示例,锁定机构可以包括一EAP致动器,它定位在与齿条相对的卡爪滑块的一个相对侧上,以将卡爪滑块推向齿条。此外,该EAP致动器可以连接到卡爪滑块上或者连接到靠近卡爪滑块的手柄的一个相对静止的部件上。
作为又一个示例,驱使击发构件(例如,齿条)的近侧接合部分远离接合机构(例如,卡爪/卡爪滑块)的锁定机构的偏压可以包括固定到击发构件的近侧接合部分的内表面和/或接合机构上的材料的弹性条带。
Claims (10)
1.一种外科器械,包括:
执行部分,其由具有近侧接合部分的向远侧运动的击发构件致动;
击发致动器,其靠近并与所述击发构件的近侧接合部分对齐,该击发致动器具有可操作的构造以纵向往复运动;
接合机构,其具有可操作的构造以将所述击发致动器向远侧的运动结合到所述击发构件的近侧接合部分中;以及
锁定机构,其包括:
脱离所述接合机构的脱离偏压构件,以及
被相对地放置的电致动器,当激活时其可克服所述脱离偏压构件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述锁定机构的所述电致动器包括电活化聚合物致动器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述击发构件的所述近侧接合部分包括齿条。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述击发构件的所述近侧接合部分包括链式齿条。
5.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述接合机构包括卡爪,在所述卡爪向远侧运动的过程中所述卡爪被偏压成与所述齿条接合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,进一步包括导向件,所述导向件限制所选择的其中一个所述击发构件和所述接合机构以用于往复的击发运动,并且允许有选择的朝着和远离另一个所述击发构件和所述接合构件作横向运动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述接合机构包括支撑卡爪的卡爪滑块,所述击发构件的所述近侧接合部分包括齿条。
8.根据权利要求7所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述锁定机构进一步包括连接到所述卡爪滑块并与所述齿条滑动接触的弹簧。
9.根据权利要求6所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述电致动器被定位在与所述接合机构相对的所述击发构件的所述近侧接合部分的一侧上,并且当被激活时具有可操作的构造以朝着所述接合机构推动所述近侧接合部分。
10.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述击发致动器包括单击发冲程扳柄。
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- 2005-06-21 US US11/157,767 patent/US7143925B2/en active Active
- 2005-07-22 CA CA2512977A patent/CA2512977C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-27 JP JP2005217080A patent/JP4902973B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-27 RU RU2005123979/14A patent/RU2005123979A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-27 RU RU2005123961/14A patent/RU2005123961A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-28 CN CN200510087341A patent/CN100579470C/zh active Active
- 2005-07-28 BR BRPI0503039-0A patent/BRPI0503039A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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CN107361819A (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2017-11-21 | 柯惠有限合伙公司 | 电手术器械 |
CN107920831A (zh) * | 2015-08-26 | 2018-04-17 | 伊西康有限责任公司 | 具有致动器偏压和锁定特征部的外科装置 |
CN107920831B (zh) * | 2015-08-26 | 2020-12-08 | 伊西康有限责任公司 | 具有致动器偏压和锁定特征部的外科装置 |
CN109475362A (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-03-15 | 奥林匹斯冬季和Ibe有限公司 | 包括投射杠杆系统的手术钳口器械 |
CN110831513A (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2020-02-21 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | 包括能够锁定至框架的关节运动系统的外科器械 |
CN110831513B (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2022-09-27 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | 包括能够锁定至框架的关节运动系统的外科器械 |
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RU2005123979A (ru) | 2007-02-10 |
CN1732857A (zh) | 2006-02-15 |
RU2005123961A (ru) | 2007-02-10 |
JP4902973B2 (ja) | 2012-03-21 |
CA2512977C (en) | 2014-12-09 |
CN1726878A (zh) | 2006-02-01 |
CN1745719A (zh) | 2006-03-15 |
JP2006034980A (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
CN1745720A (zh) | 2006-03-15 |
US20060022015A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
CN1726876A (zh) | 2006-02-01 |
CN100515349C (zh) | 2009-07-22 |
CN100579467C (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
CN1732856A (zh) | 2006-02-15 |
CN100569189C (zh) | 2009-12-16 |
CN1732855A (zh) | 2006-02-15 |
US7143925B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
BRPI0503039A (pt) | 2006-03-14 |
CN100579468C (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
CN100569188C (zh) | 2009-12-16 |
CN100566667C (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
CN1732859B (zh) | 2010-07-07 |
CN100479769C (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
BRPI0503041A (pt) | 2006-03-14 |
CN100579470C (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
CN1745720B (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
CN1732859A (zh) | 2006-02-15 |
CN1726874A (zh) | 2006-02-01 |
CA2512977A1 (en) | 2006-01-28 |
CN1726875A (zh) | 2006-02-01 |
CN100500104C (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
MXPA05008046A (es) | 2006-02-10 |
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