CN1706099A - 对用于通信的电力线进行分段的滤波器 - Google Patents

对用于通信的电力线进行分段的滤波器 Download PDF

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CN1706099A
CN1706099A CNA2003801015019A CN200380101501A CN1706099A CN 1706099 A CN1706099 A CN 1706099A CN A2003801015019 A CNA2003801015019 A CN A2003801015019A CN 200380101501 A CN200380101501 A CN 200380101501A CN 1706099 A CN1706099 A CN 1706099A
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magnetic core
resonant circuit
coil
power line
signal
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耶胡达·切恩
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Ambient Corp USA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/542—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the information being in digital form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/02—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions for non-linear operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
    • H03H7/0115—Frequency selective two-port networks comprising only inductors and capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
    • H03H7/0138—Electrical filters or coupling circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/36—Repeater circuits
    • H04B3/38—Repeater circuits for signals in two different frequency ranges transmitted in opposite directions over the same transmission path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/56—Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/04—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems with alarm systems, e.g. fire, police or burglar alarm systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type 
    • H01F17/04—Fixed inductances of the signal type  with magnetic core
    • H01F17/06—Fixed inductances of the signal type  with magnetic core with core substantially closed in itself, e.g. toroid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H01F2038/143—Inductive couplings for signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H1/00—Constructional details of impedance networks whose electrical mode of operation is not specified or applicable to more than one type of network
    • H03H2001/0092—Inductor filters, i.e. inductors whose parasitic capacitance is of relevance to consider it as filter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
    • H03H2007/013—Notch or bandstop filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5408—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines using protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5425—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines improving S/N by matching impedance, noise reduction, gain control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5479—Systems for power line communications using repeaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5483—Systems for power line communications using coupling circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5491—Systems for power line communications using filtering and bypassing

Abstract

提供了一种用于阻断电力线中的信号的部分能量的方法。该方法包括：为高频磁芯配备线圈；在该线圈的端子之间连接一电容器，以构成在该信号的频率处产生谐振的谐振电路；以及在需要进行阻断的位置处环绕该电力线设置该磁芯。

Description

对用于通信的电力线进行分段的滤波器
技术领域
本发明涉及电力线通信，并且更具体地涉及用于阻断(blocking)电力线中的信号(例如乱真信号)的部分能量的技术。
背景技术
电力线通信系统可以通过多组接近线路(例如排列在同一公用电杆上的中压和低压线路)或者同一电杆上的多组相同电压级的线路来发送数据信号。经过几百米的距离，多组线路之间会产生严重的信号感应，并且这些感应信号对于调制解调接收器表现为背景噪音。
在一定程度上，该感应信号的强度是线路经过的累计距离的函数。可以通过对于相关频率中断线路的连续性，来使该感应信号(为乱真信号)发生衰减。可以通过将滤波器与这些线路串联来实现该中断，这些滤波器对于所关注的频率具有高阻抗。通常，中断电力线电路以及对用户的服务是不可接受的。
发明内容
提供了一种用于阻断电力线中的信号的部分能量的方法。该方法包括：为高频磁芯配备线圈；在该线圈的端子之间连接一电容器，以构成在该信号的频率处发生谐振的谐振电路；以及在需要进行阻断的位置处环绕该电力线设置该磁芯。
附图说明
图1是滤波器与电力线的物理连接的说明图；
图2是连接到电力线的两个滤波器的示意图；
图3是由图2的滤波器引起的信号衰减的曲线图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的信号滤波器实现了在特定频带上的线路分段，而不中断服务。将滤波器形式的串联滤波器(即钳式(clamp-on)滤波器)夹在通电的电力线上。该钳式滤波器包括分体磁芯(split magnetic core)和次级线圈，在该次级线圈的两端连接电容器以构成并联谐振电路。将该并联谐振电路的阻抗耦合到电力线电路中，由此引入串联阻抗，该串联阻抗在特定的频带上具有很大的幅值。当该特定频带包括乱真信号频率时，该滤波器减小在电力线中流过的乱真电流的幅值。
为了进行扩频通信，通信频带的宽度通常比通过单个LC电路获得的谐振频带要宽。可以通过使用分别被调谐到略微不同的频率的两个或更多个这种钳式变压器-滤波器，来实现更宽的带阻滤波器。通常，可以通过一组两个或更多个这种滤波器来获得大于10dB的衰减。
变压器由磁芯、电力线和次级绕组构成。将滤波阻抗有效地耦合到电力线中的条件包括：高的变压器耦合系数(超过大约0.7)。对该变压器的磁芯材料以及该磁芯对半(havles)之间的任意气隙进行选择，以使该滤波器不会达到饱和，从而使得流过该线路的电流达到最大。
图1是环绕地夹在电力线99上的滤波器的说明图。磁芯由环绕地夹在电力线99上的磁芯对半105和110构成。可选地，磁芯对半105和110由间隙115间隔开。电力线99用作初级绕组，而一圈或更多圈的次级绕组120穿过该磁芯，并连接到电容器125。将电容器125的值选择为使得在要由滤波器阻断的频带内与次级绕组120的电感产生谐振。
图2是根据本发明的连接有两个滤波器的电力线的示意图。该电力线由传输线的分段100和101表示。具有内部阻抗的信号源130表示从电力线网络到分段100左侧耦合到分段100中的乱真信号。表示延续到右侧的电力线的终端电阻135的两端对分段101产生的信号进行测量。
将钳式滤波器140和145调谐到乱真信号频带内的略微不同的频率，来提供增宽的频率阻断能力，防止大部分的乱真信号能量到达电力线分段101并进一步到达由终端电阻135表示的下游点。滤波器140包括带有用作初级绕组155的分段100的变压器150，以及用作次级绕组160的电线(参见图1，标号120)。电阻器165代表铜损和铁损(core loss)。电容器170在所需的阻带内的频率处与次级绕组160产生谐振。
滤波器140和145共同用作复合滤波器。它们的不同仅仅在于它们略微不同的谐振频率，以增宽该复合滤波器工作的频带。尽管在图1中示出了两个滤波器，但是对于相对窄带的信号，单个滤波器就足够了，或者对于较宽频带的信号，可以扩展到两个以上的滤波器。
图3是表示图2中的电路的滤波器响应的模拟曲线图。该模拟使用的值为：源、负载和电力线阻抗均为200欧姆，滤波器初级电感和次级电感均为1微亨，耦合系数为0.7，电容器160为50pF，电容器为57pF，而损耗阻抗为5欧姆。该模拟表示：该复合滤波器使21.1至23.4MHz频带内的信号衰减了超过10dB，并使该衰减频带以外的信号相对无阻地通过。
由此提供了一种用于阻断电力线中的信号的部分能量的方法。该方法包括：(a)为高频磁芯配备线圈；(b)在该线圈的端子之间连接一电容器，以构成在该信号频率处产生谐振的谐振电路；以及(c)在需要进行阻断的位置处环绕电力线设置该磁芯。该磁芯可以具有气隙。此外，如果将该谐振电路作为具有第一频带阻断特性的第一谐振电路，则该方法还可以包括以下步骤：执行所述配备、连接以及设置步骤，以提供被调谐到与第一谐振电路不同频率的第二谐振电路，从而产生比第一频带阻断特性更宽的第二频带阻断特性。
应该理解，本领域的技术人员可以设计出在此所述教示的各种另选例、组合例和变型例。本发明旨在包括落入所附权利要求的范围内的所有这些另选例、组合例和变型例。

Claims (6)

1、一种用于阻断电力线中的信号的部分能量的方法，包括：
为高频磁芯配备线圈；
在所述线圈的端子之间连接一电容器，以构成在所述信号的频率处产生谐振的谐振电路；以及
在需要进行所述阻断的位置处环绕所述电力线设置所述磁芯。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述磁芯包括气隙。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其中所述谐振电路是具有第一频带阻断特性的第一谐振电路，并且
其中所述方法还包括以下步骤：执行所述配备、所述连接和所述设置步骤，以提供被调谐到与所述第一谐振电路不同频率的第二谐振电路，从而产生比所述第一频带阻断特性更宽的第二频带阻断特性。
4、一种用于阻断电力线中的信号的部分能量的装置，其包括：
具有线圈的高频磁芯；和
电容器，其连接在所述线圈的端子之间，以构成在所述信号的频率处产生谐振的谐振电路，
其中在需要进行所述阻断的位置处环绕所述电力线设置所述磁芯。
5、根据权利要求4所述的装置，其中所述磁芯包括气隙。
6、根据权利要求4所述的装置，
其中所述磁芯是第一磁芯，所述线圈是第一线圈，并且所述电容器是第一电容器，
其中所述谐振电路是具有第一频带阻断特性的第一谐振电路，并且
其中所述装置还包括：
具有第二线圈的第二高频磁芯；以及
第二电容器，其连接在所述第二线圈的端子之间，以提供被调谐到与所述第一谐振电路不同频率的第二谐振电路，从而产生比所述第一频带阻断特性更宽的第二频带阻断特性。
CNA2003801015019A 2002-10-17 2003-10-17 对用于通信的电力线进行分段的滤波器 Pending CN1706099A (zh)

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CNB2003801016100A Expired - Fee Related CN100530457C (zh) 2002-10-17 2003-10-17 高度绝缘的电感数据耦合器
CNA2003801015019A Pending CN1706099A (zh) 2002-10-17 2003-10-17 对用于通信的电力线进行分段的滤波器
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN104242991A (zh) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-24 戴葵 一种超宽带电力线载波通信阻断器结构
CN104242991B (zh) * 2014-08-29 2016-07-06 戴葵 一种超宽带电力线载波通信阻断器结构

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