CN1703178A - 可扩张的脊椎骨融合装置和促进脊柱骨融合的方法 - Google Patents

可扩张的脊椎骨融合装置和促进脊柱骨融合的方法 Download PDF

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CN1703178A
CN1703178A CNA038253305A CN03825330A CN1703178A CN 1703178 A CN1703178 A CN 1703178A CN A038253305 A CNA038253305 A CN A038253305A CN 03825330 A CN03825330 A CN 03825330A CN 1703178 A CN1703178 A CN 1703178A
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China
Prior art keywords
implant
end plate
basivertebral
cam
screw
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W·F·麦克凯
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SDGI Holdings Inc
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SDGI Holdings Inc
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Abstract

一种包含隔开的骨接合部分的椎间隙植入物,所述隔开的骨接合部分形成一中间空腔,该空腔保持引起骨增长的材料与相邻椎骨体接触。植入物是可扩张的,用于在融合期间建立和保持所需的椎骨间的间距。植入物包括被设置成通过扩张件的作用彼此相对运动的第一件和第二件,第一件在盘间隙之下可接合椎骨体。

Description

可扩张的脊椎骨融合装置和促进脊柱骨融合的方法
                        发明背景
本发明涉及一种植入装置,该植入装置将放置在相邻椎骨之间的椎间隙的一部分内。具体地,本发明涉及一种可扩展的成骨融合装置,该装置可以加强在相邻椎骨体之间的关节固定或融合,同时还在置入装置的脊椎高度处保持椎间隙的高度。
在许多病例中,下背痛源于相邻椎骨体之间的脊椎盘中的损坏或缺损。该盘可能脱出或可能被各种各样的退化状况影响。经常地,影响脊椎盘的病理能够破坏该盘正常的解剖功能。在某些病例中,这种破坏足够显著,表明需进行手术干预。
在一种这样的手术治疗中,基本上去除损坏的脊椎盘,并将相邻的椎骨体融合在一起。在这种治疗中,实施椎间盘切除操作以去除盘核,同时保持纤维环。由于去除了盘材料,必须在椎间隙内放置植入物以防止该间隙坍塌。
在早期的脊椎融合技术中,骨材料或成骨融合装置仅仅被放置在相邻的椎体之间,典型地在椎骨体的后方。在这些成骨融合装置的早期历史中,由皮质网状骨形成该装置,该皮质网状骨通常不足够坚固以支持置入水平处的脊柱重量。因此,由跨越受损害的椎骨体的板或杆稳定脊柱。使用这种技术,一旦跨过锥骨体发生融合或并与成骨融合装置结合,那么用于保持脊椎稳定性的硬件就变成多余之物。
随着早期融合技术的成功使用,重点指向对放置在椎间隙内的装置的改进。然后注意力转到能够被插置在相邻椎骨体之间,维持盘间隙的稳定性,并仍旧允许骨融合或关节固定术的植入物或椎体间融合装置。这些椎体间融合装置采取许多形式。例如,一普遍的形式是圆筒形中空植入物或“笼”。该笼的外壁在圆筒形植入物内部制造了内部空间,该内部空间被例如许多骨片或其它引起骨增长的材料填充。近年来,称为骨形态发生蛋白(BMPs)的复合物成为优选的引起骨增长的材料。在某些情况中,圆筒形植入物包括有螺纹的表面,以允许螺旋插入形成在相邻椎骨体的诸部分中的锥形孔内。或者,将某些融合植入物设计成被压紧进入椎间隙内。还有另一类融合植入物可被放置在相邻的椎骨体之间,然后被扩张,以接触椎骨体的相对表面。
使用某些椎体间融合装置的经验已显示了某些这样的植入物在产生坚固的骨融合方面的功效。植入物设计的变更完成了在融合的同时稳定运动节段的改进。然而,对于某些椎体间融合装置,仍旧难以实现完全的融合,至少在没有例如杆或板的某些附加稳定装置的协助下是这样的。并且,某些装置在结构上不是足够坚固以支持施加在脊柱的某些平面处的些载荷和弯矩。
当外科医生希望避免脊椎小平面关节的侧向移动,在后路椎间盘(植骨)融合术(PLIF)中使用尺寸过小的椎体间融合笼时,遇到进一步的困难。使用尺寸过小的装置造成了与相邻椎骨体的端板的次佳接触和随后在装置内部次优的骨形成,以及能够导致假关节。此外,尺寸过小的装置可能不能提供适当的盘间隙撑开和神经根部减压。由于在所有外科手术中遇到的解剖和生理的很大程度的变化,避免使用尺寸过小的后路植入物的努力可能要求具有许多不同尺寸的装置,并增加了进行外科手术所要求的时间,这样增加了成本和与手术相关的风险。通过使用可扩张的装置解决这个困难的某些现有努力利用包含许多部分的设计、或对装置施加过大的应力而造成装置变形的设计。这些设计方法增加了机械损坏的风险。并且,它们可能封闭椎骨体端板之间的空间,阻止融合的适当发生。
甚至对于没有上述问题的装置,仍然存在其它不希望有的特性。研究提示椎体间融合植入物装置,尤其“笼”式设计的那些植入物、导致笼内骨材料的应力防护。已熟知通过对骨材料加应力或加负载可增进骨增长。应力防护现象减轻了施加于要被融合的骨材料的某些或全部载荷,这能够显著地增加用于完成骨融合的时间,或干扰最终形成的融合物质的质量和密度。在某些情况下,应力防护能够引起在融合笼内所含的骨片或融合物质再吸收或发展成纤维组织,而不是发展成骨融合物质。
许多融合植入物遇到的又一困难是植入物的材料不是射线可透过的。大多数融合笼由金属,例如不锈钢、钛或多孔钽形成。笼的金属显著地显示在任何射线照相(X射线)或计算机X射线断层摄影法(CT)扫描中。由于“笼”型融合装置将骨融合材料包围和容装在金属笼内,因此在传统的射线照相显像技术之下不能看到笼内发展中的融合物质,仅在图像扫描仪技术的帮助下在CT扫描中能够看到。这样,脊椎外科医生没有确定融合进展的适当方法,在某些情况下不能确认融合已完成和成功。
然而,脊椎融合领域缺少一种适当的椎体间融合装置,该装置能够被制造得足够小以方便地插入椎间隙和支持椎间隙内的骨增长材料并扩张以保持盘间隙的正常高度。并且,目前脊椎融合装置不充分地减少应力防护融合装置的风险和随着关节固定进展不能够对融合物质显像。因此,仍旧需要改进成骨融合装置技术,尤其提供可扩张特性的装置。本发明以新颖的和不明显的型式满足了这需要。
                            发明概要
为了满足关于椎体间融合装置的目前需求,本发明设计了用于在相邻的椎骨体之间的椎间隙内促进成骨融合的可扩张的成骨融合装置。该装置包括一第一构形和一第二构形,第一构形能够以最小的外科手术暴露进入该间隙进行放置,第二构形在该间隙内扩张以提供适当的盘间隙撑开。并且,扩张的装置能够保持骨增长融合材料的最佳数量并将引起骨增长的材料放置成与相邻骨接触。
在一实施例中,可扩张的植入物包含一凸轮。凸轮与一第一件的内表面接触。第一件接触相邻诸椎骨体之一的一部分。凸轮还与一第二件的内表面接触。第二件接触相邻的诸椎骨体的另一个的一部分。仅通过转动凸轮,从而凸轮不经历实质性的平移,,以引起第一件和第二件中的一个稍许离开另一件移动以达到所需的扩张,使植入物能够被扩张。
本发明的另一实施例还设计了用于在相邻椎骨体之间的椎间隙内成骨融合的可扩张的植入物。这个实施例包括用于接触相邻的诸椎骨体之一的一部分的一个第一件和用于接触相邻的诸椎骨体的另一个的一部分的一个第二件。第一件具有在其中形成的一个孔。该孔基本沿着它的全长被加工有螺纹。这个实施例还包括具有螺纹区和进一步具有轮齿区的螺钉。螺钉的螺纹区至少部分地拧入该孔内。螺钉以允许该螺钉转动的方式接触第二件。这个实施例还包括具有螺纹区的轴。轴的螺纹区啮合螺钉的轮齿,起到可工作的、以产生所需扩张的蜗杆和小齿轮组件的作用。
本发明的再一实施例设计了用于在相邻的椎骨体之间的椎间隙内促进成骨融合的可扩张植入物。这个实施例包括用于接触相邻诸椎骨体之一的一个第一件和用于接触相邻诸椎骨体的另一个的一个第二件。这个实施例还包括具有许多轮齿的齿条。齿条与第一件和第二件的一个接触。还包括具有小齿轮的轴。轴以允许该轴转动的方式连接于第一件和第二件的另一个。轴的小齿轮接触齿条的多个轮齿的至少一轮齿,以形成可工作的、用于扩张的齿条和小齿轮。
本发明的又一实施例设计了用于在相邻椎骨体之间的椎间隙内促进成骨融合的可扩张的植入物,它包括最初相互抵靠着的第一和第二件。第一件基本上靠近诸椎骨体的一个。第二件基本上靠近另一椎骨体。在这实施例中还包括用于将植入物从一第一外形扩张到一第二外形的弹簧。当植入物处于第一外形中时弹簧被压缩。弹簧的一部分与第一件实际接触,弹簧的另一部分与第二件实际接触。
在本发明的又一实施例中,用于在相邻椎骨体之间的椎间隙内促进成骨融合的可扩张植入物包括最初相互抵靠的第一和第二件。第一件基本上靠近诸椎骨体的一个。第二件基本上靠近另一椎骨体。还包括用于将植入物从一第一外形扩张到一第二外形的制成的本体。制成的本体能够采取一第一状态和一第二状态。制成的本体的一第一部分与第一件实际接触,制成的本体的一第二部分与第二件实际接触,用于在插入椎间隙内时扩张第一和第二件。
非常类似于以上所概述的实施例的又一组实施例具有矩形外剖面形状,代替圆形外剖面形状。
本发明的又一实施例设计了促进相邻椎骨体的成骨融合的方法。该方法包括入下步骤:提供一可扩张的植入物,该植入物在基本上靠近椎骨体时,确定一个处于该植入物的一部分和诸椎骨的一个之间的空腔。在本发明的该实施例中还包含将可扩张的植入物基本上放置在一第一椎骨体和一第二椎骨体之间的步骤。还包含在保持该空腔的同时扩张植入物的步骤。
在本发明的不同实施例中,可扩张的植入物保持相邻椎骨体之间的椎间隙,同时在诸椎骨体之间提供一空腔,其中容装引起骨增长的材料,从而使骨材料的上述应力防护最小,同时能够得到发展的融合物质的射线照相的显像。
所以,本发明的实施例提供了改进的可扩张的成骨融合装置。从以下较佳实施例和附图的叙述,本发明的许多优点和另外的方面将是很明显的。
                        附图简要说明
图1是本发明的一第一实施例的、在图2的线“1-1”处以箭头方向看去的侧剖视图。
图2是图1实施例的、沿着图1中的线“2-2”截取的、示出处于非扩张位置的植入物的端剖视图。
图3是示出处于非扩张位置的植入物的图1实施例的端视图。
图4是图1实施例的、沿着图1的线“2-2”截取的、示出处于扩张位置的植入物的端剖视图。
图5是示出处于扩张位置的植入物的图1实施例的端视图。
图6是示出处于非扩张位置的植入物的、在线“6-6”处截取的、沿着图1实施例纵向轴线的视图。
图7是类似图6的视图,但示出了处于扩张位置的植入物。
图8是本发明的一第二实施例的侧向局部剖视图。
图9是本发明的第二实施例的侧视图。
图10是示出处于非扩张位置的植入物、沿线“10-10”截取的、图8实施例的端局部剖视图。
图11是类似于图10、示出处于扩张位置的植入物、图8实施例的端局部剖视图。
图12是示出处于非扩张位置的植入物、图8实施例的端视图。
图13是示出处于扩张位置的植入物、本发明第二实施例的端视图。
图14是锁盖的立体图。
图15是本发明的一第三实施例的侧局部剖视图。
图16是示出处于非扩张位置的植入物、沿线“16-16”截取的图15实施例的端剖视图。
图17是示出棘轮效应机构的、第三实施例的一部分的细节视图。
图18是示出处于非扩张位置和包括弹簧的植入物、类似于图16的一变化型式的端剖视图。
图19是示出处于非扩张位置仅带有弹簧的植入物的一变化型式的端剖视图。
图20是示出处于非扩张位置的植入物、沿着图24的线“20-20”截取的、本发明的一第四实施例的一第二变化型式的端剖视图。
图21是示出处于扩张位置的植入物的本发明的第四实施例的第二变化型式的端剖视图。
图22是示出处于非扩张位置的植入物的、本发明的第四实施例的第二变化型式的端剖视图。
图23是示出处于扩张位置的植入物的本发明的第四实施例的第二变化型式的端剖视图。
图24是示出处于非扩张位置的植入物的本发明的第四实施例的第二变化型式的侧剖视图。
图25是示出处于非扩张位置的植入物的本发明的第四实施例的第三变化型式的端剖视图。
图26至50示出了总体上对应于图1至25所示内容的、但其中沿着植入物轴线观察时植入物的结构大体上是矩形而不是圆形的许多实施例。
                       图示实施例的描述
为了促使对本发明原理的理解,现在将参照附图中所示的实施例和使用特定的语言叙述本发明。然而会理解到本发明的范围并不局限于此。对于与本发明有关的领域内的那些技术人员通常将会产生所示实施例的许多变化和进一步修改和本发明原理的进一步应用,这些都被认为在本发明的范围之内。
附图示出了用于插入在相邻椎骨之间的椎间隙内的植入物的许多实施例,它们包括第一和第二端零件和扩张件,这两端零件用于接合相邻椎骨的相应椎骨,扩张件用于将植入物从一第一状态变化至一第二状态,第一状态适合于插入在被分离的椎骨之间的椎间隙内,第二状态适合于保持相邻的椎骨之间的预定间距。扩张件可以包括用于在相邻椎骨的部位处、在基本与脊椎纵向轴线对齐的方向上、改变在第一端件的上和下部分和第二端件的上和下部分之间的间距的任何系统或机构,同时保持在垂直于脊椎纵轴线的轴线上的基本相同位置。此外,第一和第二端件具有诸侧向部分,该诸部分相互分开和形成在相邻椎骨之间的中间空腔,用于保留引起骨增长的材料。扩张的端件能够处理所施加的载荷,同时在融合期间保持预定间距。通过与相邻椎骨连通,中间室腔允许通过引起骨增长的材料将载荷从一椎骨传送到相邻椎骨,从而便于融合。因此,植入物在相邻椎骨之间保持预定间距,同时通过引起骨增长的材料促使相邻椎骨的融合。
按照本发明的第一实施例,如图1-7所示,可扩张的成骨融合植入物8具有起凸轮作用的扩张件。植入物8包括在连接件20的相对端连接的凸轮10、以及分别包围各凸轮的两端件(end member)30。当植入物不扩张时,凸轮10具有接触各端件30的内表面的第一部分的外表面,但是如图4所示转动后,凸轮10接触各端件30的第二部分。端件30还包括外表面32,当植入物处于扩张外形时,该外表面在图1的盘间距S之上和之下分别接触椎骨体21和22的端板(endplate)。外表面32可以包括骨啮合结构65,例如螺纹或凸起,用于促进植入物的固定位置或能使植入物插入。例如通过凸轮10围绕连接件20的纵轴线的转动,植入物从非扩张外形转变到扩张外形。当凸轮10转动时,它们在端件30的表面上施力,引起端件30相互分开。通过选择凸轮10和端件30的协作表面的尺寸和外形,能够控制植入物的扩张,以提供相邻椎骨体所需的分离和神经根减压。例如扩张距离为1至8毫米,这取决于植入物的尺寸和形状,例如对于小的植入物为1至3毫米,对于中等的为1至6毫米,以及对于大的为1至8毫米。该领域的熟练人员会理解到虽然如图1所示非常一致,但是凸轮10相互之间可以具有不同的形状、尺寸和结构。类似地,该领域的熟练人员会认识到端板30虽然如图1所示几乎相同,但是端板相互之间还可以具有不同形状、尺寸和结构。
在这个实施例中,诸凸轮10被定位和固定在细长连接件20的相对端,该连接件在诸凸轮10之间延伸。零件20和凸轮10可以是一整体均质材料件,或结合在一起的单独的零件。用于连接零件20和凸轮10的技术的某些例子包括铆接(staking)、螺纹连接、螺钉连接、螺栓连接或焊接。此外,连接件20可以被构造成沿着它们的转动轴线连接诸凸轮,或者可以被构造成在将一凸轮的转动传递给另一凸轮的任意位置连接诸凸轮。或者,可以将一个或多个凸轮10定位在沿着中心件20的任意位置。
以上所述的和图1-7中所示的实施例的许多变化型式都在本发明的范围内。例如,图2和4示出了凸轮10为具有几乎椭圆横剖面形状,但是考虑了凸轮10可以具有沿着第一轴线比沿着第二轴线有较大距离的几乎任何横剖面形状,该形状同时允许外科医生有意地转动凸轮。例如,凸轮10可以具有卵圆形横剖面或带有圆角的几乎矩形的横剖面。还应该理解:外表面31还能够采取与凸轮10的形状协作的许多形状。与凸轮10的特定横剖面形状和内表面31的形状无关,植入件8可以包括用于固定凸轮10的位置从而将植入物保持在扩张位置的锁定结构。例如,内表面31可以适合于在将植入物转换成扩张位置时将凸轮10保持在固定位置。参阅图2至4,例如,锁定结构包括沿着内表面形成的空腔33,该空腔在非扩张位置(见图2)时不被占据,但在扩张位置(见图4)时被凸轮占据。例如,空腔33包括其曲率半径小于凸轮表面的相应部分的曲率半径的表面。因此,曲率半径之间的预定差值要求预定的转动力以将凸轮移出该空腔。在另一实施例中,锁定结构可以包括凹槽、小凸起和其它类似结构,以固定凸轮,用于将植入物保持在扩张位置中。这样,在处于扩张位置时,在非扩张位置中形成空腔33的内表面31的部分接触凸轮10和阻止凸轮10脱离扩张位置的运动。
还将理解到外表面32可以具有许多其它形状,虽然在一实施例中、如图2-7所示、几乎为半圆形。并且,考虑了表面32的至少一些部分可以包括各种各样的设计为将它们固定于椎骨体表面的匹配。表面32可以包括凸轮、凸起、螺纹、尖端、凹槽、狭槽或其它结构特征,用于保证表面32牢固地接触椎骨体和不滑出位置。
此外,各端件30可以包括截头圆锥形外壁30T(图1)。截头圆锥形壁30形成一通道间隙38,提供从植入物8的外部到达其中一个凸轮10的通道。凸轮10还可以包括工具凹槽21,如图3和5所示。工具凹槽21可以具有各种各样的形状,包括但不局限于十字螺丝起子头形、扁平头形、星形、六角扳手形和方形。通过容纳一可以被转动以引起凸轮10转动的工具(未示出),凹槽21便于使植入物扩张。
此外,植入物8还可以包括组装连接装置(assembly connector device)或结构,用于将端件30与凸轮10保持在一起,从而在操作和插入椎间隙内期间防止植入物的诸部分变得完全分离。该组装连接件可以包括保持端件30和凸轮10之间的连接的任何结构。一个例子是包围端部的一细线材,它可以是永久的或可生物降解的或可吸收的。如果是永久的,它将不足够坚牢以抵抗本发明的扩张特性。在图6-7所示的另一连接件的例子中,植入物8包括突出通过狭槽37的销钉14,该狭槽位于各相应的顶和底端件30的壁30C内。该销钉固定在各凸轮10的肩部10T内。狭槽37接纳销钉14,从而销钉关于凸轮10保持端件30。狭槽37被构造成形成当凸轮10转动时销钉14所经过的通路。如果需要,组装连接装置或结构可以采取任何成形突起或相应狭槽的形式,或者在插入期间或插入植入物之前的操作期间防止凸轮10和端件30变得完全分离的任何其它装置或结构。
此外,参阅图1,当植入物被插入在相邻的椎骨体之间时,植入物8包括由端件30的壁30C、细长的连接件20和由相邻的椎骨体21和22形成的内腔端60。内腔60可以充填有促进骨增长的材料。可以使用各种各样的这种促进骨增长材料。例如,空腔60可以装有包括例如骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)或LIM矿化蛋白(LMP)的成骨因子的材料成分。例如,可以使用BPM-1、BMP-2或BMP-11。还可以使用脱矿质的骨基质(DBM)、微粒形式如片或粉末的骨。还可以使用传导的或骨架(scaffolding)材料。例子是骨或例如生物适应的磷酸钙陶瓷的生物陶瓷。它们的例子包括例如在ETEX公司的美国专利号6,331,312,6,214,3686,6,117,456和6,027,742中所述的双相磷酸钙、磷酸三钙、以及较佳地为羟基磷灰石糊状材料。为了充填空腔60可以使用许多方法。例如可以将糊状物容装在空腔60内。另一可替换选用的是在连接件20周围缠绕用BMP包复的胶原片。该片可以具有几乎等于由端件30形成的空腔的宽度的宽度。另一可能性是在植入物处于扩张位置时通过间隙61(图5)注射促进骨增长材料。并且,如果按照本发明的两个植入物并排地位于盘空间“S”内,那么在空腔60内提供了用于插入促进骨增长材料的空间。
在依据本发明的第二实施例中,如图8-14所示,可扩张的成骨融合植入物200包括螺纹型扩张件。植入物200包括带有诸上端部230a和诸下端部230b的诸端件,各端件具有一个或多个螺孔231(图11)。在这实施例的一型式中,如图8所示,细长的中央部分233a和233b分别地在诸端件的诸上端部230a和诸下端部230b之间延伸并将其连接。或者,在另一实施例中,参阅图9,植入物210包括在诸上部230U或诸下部230L之间延伸的仅一个细长的中央零件233。在这两情况中,细长中央零件230a,b,或零件233,如果将仅使用一个,可以连接于诸上或下部。适当的连接方法的某些例子是焊接、螺纹连接或螺栓连接。或者,端部230a和230b和细长中央部分233a,b和零件233可以制造成为一件。植入物200还包括诸螺钉250,各螺钉具有螺纹251a和螺纹251b和轮齿252(图10,11和13)。参阅图8和10,有四个这样的螺钉,不过可以使用更多的或更少的螺钉。植入物200还包括在各端有中心轴螺纹221(图8)的中心轴220,起到啮合轮齿252的蜗杆的作用,以转动螺钉和扩张植入物。
螺钉250的一端处的螺纹251a是左旋螺纹,螺钉250的另一端处的螺纹251b是右旋螺纹。这样在第一方向围绕它的纵向轴线转动螺钉250将引起螺钉250拧入上端部230a的螺孔231内和拧入下端部230b的螺孔231内。在相反于第一方向的第二方向上转动螺钉250将引起螺钉拧出上端部230a的螺孔231和拧出下端部230b的螺孔231。或者,各螺钉和孔可以仅在一端有螺纹。在另一实施例中,诸上和下端部不被中央部分连接,在植入物的诸相对端处的诸螺钉和诸螺孔具有不同螺距的螺纹,从而各端以不同速率扩张,以对相临椎骨产生预定的曲率。
中心轴220位于上端230a和下端230b之间。中心轴220还被放置成使中心轴螺纹221接触各螺钉250的轮齿252。这种结构形成了多个蜗轮。当中心轴220围绕它的纵向轴线转动时,诸中心轴螺纹251连续地啮合诸螺钉250的轮齿252,从而引起诸螺钉250围绕它们的纵向轴线转动。由于植入物200的一端上的诸螺钉250定位在中心轴220的相对侧上的实际情况,因此转动中心轴220将随着诸中心轴螺纹221啮合诸轮齿252而引起诸螺钉250以相反方向转动。这样,中心轴220的转动通过转动诸螺钉250使植入物扩张。
应该理解到螺钉250可以仅包括螺纹部分251a和251b中之一。在这情况下,光滑的杆部(未示出)可以代替螺纹部分251a和251b的省去的一个。并且,上端230a和下端230b中之一可以具有不加工螺纹的接纳光滑杆部的孔231。当螺钉的转动引起被加工螺纹的端部、例如上端230a的移动时,螺钉的光滑杆部将在无螺纹孔中自由转动、例如下端230b,并且该端将不位移。所产生的植入物200的扩张如图13所示。
此外,植入物200可以包括在中心轴200的一端处的工具凹槽222,以接纳一工具,用于转动中心轴和扩张或收缩植入物。工具凹槽222可以具有许多形状,包括但不局限于六角扳手形状、星形、十字螺丝起子头形状、扁平头形状和方形。植入物200还可以包括锁定帽260(图14),它连接于具有工具凹槽222的植入物的端部,以防止中心轴222的转动。在一实施例中,锁定帽260具有内部表面260a,该表面具有适合于装配进入转动的工具凹槽222内的支柱262。锁定帽260还包括用于接纳螺钉230s的螺孔261,在建立了所需的扩张之后,该螺钉从外部表面插入和拧入螺孔230c和230d。这样,锁定帽260能够通过支柱262与转动的工具凹槽222的啮合和通过该诸啮合螺钉与上端部230a和下端部230b的进一步啮合防止中心轴220转动,该诸啮合螺钉通过将它们穿过诸螺孔261和将它们拧入上端部230a和下端部230b而与该上和下端部啮合。能够用其它结构、例如销钉、铆钉或支柱代替螺钉。
在操作中,由于中心轴220在中心轴220的相对两侧(即如图10和11所示,左和右侧)驱动诸螺钉,诸螺钉以相反方向拧入共用的上端部231a的诸螺孔内。因此,在中心轴220的相对侧上的诸螺钉250将以相反方向转动。从而当转动该轴220时,诸螺钉根据轴转动方向同时拧入或拧出诸孔231。因此,它们同步地相对于螺钉在相同方向上移动零件230a。如以上所述,在各螺钉的相反端上的螺纹可以是相反方向的螺纹。从而螺钉250以与在共用的上端部中的相反方向拧入共用的下端部230b的螺孔231内。这样螺钉250的两端相对于上和下端完成相同运动,拧入或拧出螺孔231。
依据第三实施例,参阅图15-18,可扩张的成骨融合植入物300包括齿条和小齿轮型扩张件。植入物300包括具有相应孔331的上端330a和下端330b。细长的中央部分333a和333b连接和延伸在相应的诸上端部330a和诸下端部330b之间。或者,可以仅包括延伸在诸上端部330a或诸下端部330b之间的一个细长中央零件333。在这两情况下,细长的中央部分可以是永久地或可拆卸地连接于端部330a和/或330b,例如通过焊接、螺纹连接或螺栓连接。或者,端部330a和330b和细长部分333可以形成为一件。植入物还包括设置在各孔331内的有齿条齿351的齿条350。植入物300还包括具有与齿条齿351对应的中心轴轮齿321的中心轴320。轮齿321可以直接设置在中心轴320上,或者可以设置在适合于围绕该轴装配的单独的小齿轮上。
在操作中,一齿条350上的齿条齿351与中心轴320的一侧上的轮齿321接触。另一齿条350的齿条齿351与中心轴320的另一侧上的轮齿321接触。这结构形成了多个齿条和小齿轮。中心轴320位于上端330a和下端330b之间。当中心轴320围绕它的纵向轴线转动时,中心轮齿321连续地啮合诸齿条350的齿351,从而引起诸齿条350移动。由于诸齿条350位于中心轴320的相对侧上的实际情况,从而轮齿321啮合相应的齿条齿351时,中心轴320的转动将引起诸齿条350在相反方向移动。这样当诸相邻齿条350移动时,它们的一个将与上端部330a中的孔331的端部接触,另一个将与下端部330b中的孔331的端部接触。当诸齿条接触330a和330b中的孔末端时,将在它们上施力。施加在上端部330a上的力将位于第一方向上,施加在下端部330b上的力将位于第二相反方向上。由于这些力的相反性质,转动的中心轴320将引起植入物300的扩张。在类似于植入物300的另一实施例中,参阅图18,植入物300还可以包括设置在诸孔331内的诸弹簧370。弹簧370接触齿条350和孔331并在齿条350上施加一力,以帮助植入物扩张。如果需要,可以将弹簧添加于植入物200和210(图8-13)。
此外,参阅图16,中心轴320在一端包括一工具凹槽322。可以将工具凹槽322设置为许多形状,包括但不局限于六角扳手形、星形、十字螺丝起子头形、扁平形和方形。通过将工具插入工具凹槽322和转动工具可以完成中心轴320的转动。T形手柄的Allen扳手是工具的一例子。植入物还可以包括锁定帽260,如图14所示,它的功能如以上所述,该锁定帽包括适合于装配入转动的工具凹槽322内的支柱262。
此外,植入物300可以包括设置在形成于上端330a和下端330b的孔331内的凹槽380中的棘爪作用机构(ratcheting mechanism)389(图17)。适合的棘爪作用机构包括例如轴390和啮合体391。凹槽380允许啮合体391在第一方向上枢转,但是阻止在第二相反方向上枢转通过某一位置。啮合体391的成形为可配合和啮合在诸齿条齿351之间(图17)。当齿条350以第一方向移动时,齿条齿351在啮合体391上施加一力,引起它们在第一方向枢转和局部地运动进入凹槽380,然后当齿条进一步移动时该啮合体反向枢转进入在齿之间的下一个相继的空间。在它们的原来位置中,啮合体391接触凹槽的380的一侧,从而阻止啮合体在那个方向上枢转。当啮合体391不再能枢转并位于齿条齿351之间,阻止齿条350在第二方向上的进一步移动。以这种方式,植入物可以在棘轮/棘爪效应下张开。此外,可以使用例如弹簧的偏压件在不可枢转的方向上对啮合体施力。能够用其它棘爪作用机构棘爪作用机构代替棘爪作用机构棘爪作用机构389。例如,可以使用不枢转,但偏转的结构。
在本发明的另一实施例中,变化型式包括偏压型扩张件。具体参阅图20-40,植入物400包括具有空腔451a和451b的上和下端430a和430b。细长中央部分433在诸下端430b之间延伸。或者,细长中央部分433可以在诸上端430a之间延伸。在另一可替换选用的型式中,上和下细长中央部分可以分别在诸上端部430a和诸下端部430b之间延伸。在任一情况中,细长中央部分433可以通过例如焊接、螺纹连接或螺钉连接固定地或可拆卸地连接于端部430a和/或430b。或者,可以将端部和细长部分形成为一件。
可扩张的成骨融合植入物400还包括本体450,其具有抵靠着各端部430a和430b内的孔的端部的上表面451a和下表面451。本体450由能够采取多种形状的材料制成。本领域的那些普通熟悉人员会理解到可以利用各种各样的材料和结构构造本体450。例如本体450可以由形状记忆合金制成。在这情况中,可以将本体450设计成在受到特定环境状态、例如加热或冷却植入物时,改变形状或膨胀。图20-24的植入物400具有在各端部内的单个本体,而图25示出了在一端部内可以使用两个本体。可以实现几毫米的相变膨胀(phase changeexpansion)。
本体450可以是可压缩的本体。某些例子是聚合物或其它弹性体或弹簧。弹簧的适当例子包括螺旋弹簧、片簧、形状记忆合金制造的弹簧和任何其它类似弹簧的零件。在这些例子中,施加于本体的外力(如用一工具)引起本体450采取压缩状态,然后本体450能够保持在那状态之中,直至植入物被插入所需的外科手术部位。在那时能够释放或减小压缩本体450的力,本体能够恢复松驰状态,从而以预定数量扩张植入物。图19中所示的变化型式是利用螺旋弹簧450作为可压缩本体的例子。
在图25变化型式中,植入物410可以包括设置在端部410a和410b内的、引起植入物膨胀的多个相变型材料或可压缩体的本体450。
可注意到:当沿着它们的纵向轴线观察时,上述诸植入物是圆形的。它的端部具有短的圆柱形。
现在参阅图26-50,对于与参照图1-25所述的内容具有类似的或相同的功能的植入物组成部分所使用的标号如在图1-25中所使用的那样,但在它的前方带有字母R。当沿着它们的纵向轴线观察时,这些植入物是矩形的。它们的端部具有短的平行六面体形状。
一组倒刺510设置在各端部R30上,以致在按箭头520的方向推压或压紧植入物进入椎间隙之后,它们对以相反方向移出该空间增加了阻力。这些倒刺可以设计在顶表面和底表面,例如在图26、27、29、31和32中顶和底部处所示,整个穿过该植入物延伸。它们还能够按需设置有其它形状、数量和成倍以不同间距越过一排的多个倒刺。在图28和30中没有示出它们,这是为了避免在图中拥塞,在那里用于显示、在图28中、椎骨端板和端部R30的顶和底之间稍许分开,以及在图30中显示随着植入物已扩张、在端部和椎骨板之间的空间的闭合。倒刺还显示在图34中变化型式R210的端部的顶和底表面上。如以上所述,如果需要,可以从这些和其它实施例的一个或两个端部省去倒刺。这能够例如在图33、35-38、40、41和43-50中观察到。
在图1-25的许多实施例中,如果需要,端部可以加工有外螺纹,例如图1中标号65所示,从而它们能够拧入椎间隙。即使没有螺纹,也能够简单地推压或压紧它们进入该空间。能够推压或压紧图26-50的实施例进入该空间,无论它们是否设置有如图26所示的用于附加的锚定的倒刺。但是按照本发明,由于植入物是可扩张的实际情况,它们能够做得足够小以不需冲击而被插入椎间隙,,然后能够扩张它们,用于保持相邻的椎骨体的板的所需间距。
虽然在附图和以上说明中已详细示出和叙述了本发明,但是这些都是说明性的,而不是限制性的,可以理解属于本发明范围内的对所述实施例的所有变化和修改都是需要被保护的。

Claims (49)

1.一种可放置在脊柱的相邻椎骨体之间的椎间隙内的脊椎植入物,它包括:
一个第一凸轮;
一个用于接触相邻椎骨体的一个的端板的第一件,该第一件具有一第一表面,该第一表面的至少一部分与第一凸轮的一部分实际接触;
一个用于接触相邻椎骨体的另一个的端板的第二件,该第二件具有一第二表面,该第二表面的至少一部分与第一凸轮的一部分实际接触;以及
其中第一凸轮能够引起第一件和第二件之一与第一和第二件之另一个分离运动,而第一凸轮不经历实质的平移。
2.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,还包括一组装连接结构。
3.如权利要求2所述的植入物,其特征在于,
组装连接结构包括从第一凸轮突出的一个第一物体;以及
在第一件内被成形为容纳第一物体的一狭槽。
4.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于,还包括:
一个第二凸轮;
一个用于接触相邻椎骨体的一个的端板的第三件,该第三件具有一第三表面,该第三表面的至少一部分与第二凸轮的一部分实际接触;
一个用于接触相邻椎骨体的另一个端板的第四件,该第四件具有一第四表面,该第四表面的至少一部分与第二凸轮的一部分实际接触;
在第一凸轮与第二凸轮之间延伸的一细长部分,该细长部分具有一接合于第一凸轮和第二凸轮之一的第一端区和一接合于第一凸轮和第二凸轮之另一个的第二端区。
5.如权利要求4所述的植入物,其特征在于:第一件和第二件与第三件和第四件隔开,从而形成在相邻两椎骨体的端板之间并与其连通的一中间空腔的诸壁。
6.如权利要求5所述的植入物,其特征在于:在所述诸壁之间设置有用于与相邻椎骨体的端板接合的成骨融合促进材料。
7.如权利要求6所述的植入物,其特征在于:从BMP、LMP和DBM构成的一组中选作成骨融合促进材料。
8.一种放置在脊椎中的相邻的椎骨体之间的一椎间隙内的可扩张的脊椎植入物,它包括:
一个用于接触相邻椎骨体的一个的端板的第一件,该第一件形成一第一孔,该第一孔具有一第一螺孔部分;
一个用于接触相邻椎骨体的另一个的端板的第二件;
一个具有一第一螺纹螺钉部分和一轮齿螺纹部分的螺钉,该第一螺纹部分至少部分地拧入第一孔内,螺钉以允许该螺钉转动的方式接触于第二件;以及
一个具有螺纹轴部分的轴,螺纹轴部分接触轮齿螺纹部分,以致轴的转动使第一和第二件从一第一相对间距运动到一第二相对间距,用于在椎间隙内和抵靠着端板同步地扩张植入物。
9.如权利要求8所述的植入物,其特征在于,还包括:
一个用于接触相邻椎骨体的一个的端板的第三件,该第三件具有一孔;
一个用于接触相邻椎骨体的另一个的端板的第四件;
一个具有螺纹螺钉部分和轮齿螺纹部分的第二螺钉,该第二螺钉的螺纹部分至少部分地拧入第三件的孔内,第二螺钉以允许第二螺钉转动的方式接触第四件;
第一件和第二件分别与第三件和第四件隔开,用于在相邻椎骨体之间的椎间隙内形成与相邻两椎骨体的所述端板连通的中间空腔的诸壁。
10.如权利要求9所述的植入物,其特征在于,还包括一种放置在第一和第三件之间的空间内和第二和第四之间的空间内、用于通过该空腔与相邻两椎骨体的所述端板连通的引起骨增长的材料。
11.如权利要求8所述的植入物,其特征在于,还包括:具有外周的突出零件的锁定帽,该突出零件能够啮合该轴和第一件和第二件中的一个,用于防止轴转动。
12.如权利要求8所述的植入物,其特征在于:
第二件形成一第二孔;
螺钉局部地拧入所述第二孔内。
13.如权利要求12所述的植入物,其特征在于:
第二孔具有一第二螺纹孔部分;以及
该螺钉具有一第二螺纹部分,该第二螺纹部分至少部分地拧入第二孔内。
14.如权利要求13的植入物,其特征在于:
该螺钉是多个具有螺纹部分和轮齿部分的螺钉之一;
第一孔是由第一件形成的第一多个孔中的一个;
第二孔是由第二件形成的第二多个孔中的一个;
各螺钉具有至少局部地拧入第一多个孔中的一个内的它的第一螺纹部分,以及各螺钉具有至少局部地拧入第二多个孔中的一个内的它的第二螺纹部分;
螺纹轴区接触各螺钉的轮齿部分。
15.一种可放置在相邻的椎骨体之间的椎间隙内的可扩张的脊椎植入物,它包括:
一个用于接触相邻的椎骨体的一个的端板的第一件;
一个用于接触相邻的椎骨体的另一个的端板的第二件;
一具有许多轮齿的齿条,齿条接触第一件和第二件中的一个;
一具有小齿轮的轴,轴以允许该轴转动的方式接触第一件和第二件的另一个,小齿轮接触齿条的多个轮齿的至少一轮齿,从而轴的转动将第一和第二件从第一件相对于第二件的第一间距运动到第一件相对于第二件的第二间距,用于抵靠着相邻椎骨体的端板扩张该两件。
16如权利要求15的植入物,其特征在于:第一件和第二件中的一个包括接触齿条的许多轮齿的至少一轮齿的棘爪作用机构,该棘爪作用机构具有允许齿条在一第一方向上移动的一第一位置和防止齿条在一第二方向上移动通过某距离的一第二位置。
17.如权利要求15所述的植入物,其特征在于:齿条局部地位于在第一件和第二件之间延伸的孔内。
18.如权利要求15所述的植入物,其特征在于:
该齿条是多个齿条之一;
小齿轮接触各齿条的许多轮齿的至少一轮齿。
19.如权利要求18所述的植入物,其特征在于:诸齿条的一第一齿条在移动该齿条时在第一件和第二件中的一个上施加一第一力,其中诸齿条的一第二齿条在移动该第二齿条时在第一件和第二件的另一个上施加一第二力。
20.如权利要求15所述的植入物,其特征在于,还包括:
一个用于接触相邻的椎骨体的一个的端板的第三件;
一个用于接触相邻的椎骨体的另一个的端板的第四件;
一个具有许多轮齿的第二齿条,第二齿条接触第三和第四件中的一个;
所述轴具有一第二小齿轮,该轴接触第三和第四件的另一件,第二小齿轮接触第二齿条的多个轮齿的至少一轮齿,以致该轴的转动将第三和第四件从第三件相对于第四件的一第一间距运动到第三件相对于第四件的一第二间距。
21.如权利要求20所述的植入物,其特征在于:
第一件和第二件分别与第三件和第四件隔开,用于在相邻椎骨体之间的椎间隙内形成与相邻两椎体的所述端板连通的中间空腔的诸壁。
22.如权利要求21所述的植入物,其特征在于,还包括在该空腔内放置成骨融合促进材料。
23.如权利要求22所述的植入物,其特征在于:从由BMP、LMP和DBM构成的一组中选作融合促进材料。
24.一种可放置在相邻椎骨体的端板之间的椎间隙内的可扩张的脊椎植入物,它包括:
一个具有一第一纵向轴线和具有沿着所述轴线分开的诸组成部分的第一构件,所述诸组成部分具有用于与所述诸椎骨体的一个的端板接合的诸部分,以及所述组成部分具有用于形成与所述端板连通的一第一空腔的诸壁的诸表面;
一个具有一纵向轴线和沿着所述第二轴线分开的诸组成部分的第二构件,所述第二构件的所述组成部分具有用于与所述诸椎骨体的另一个的端板接合的诸部分,以及,所述第二构件的所述组成部分具有用于形成与所述另一椎骨体的端板连通的一第二空腔的诸壁的诸表面;以及
一啮合所述第一构件和所述第二构件的偏压件,用于将植入物从一第一外形扩张至一第二外形,该偏压件的一第一部分与第一构件接触,偏压件的一第二部分与第二构件接触,当植入物处于第一外形中时偏压件被压缩。
25.如权利要求24所述的植入物,其特征在于:
从由弹簧、形状记忆合金和可压缩材料构成的一组中选择偏压件。
26.一种用于插入在相邻椎本之间的盘空间内的可扩张的脊椎植入物,它包括:
一个具有与一第二接合部分隔开的一第一接合部分的第一端件,各接合部分用于与相邻的诸椎骨体的一个的端板接合;
一个具有与一第四接合部分隔开的一第三接合部分的第二端件,各接合部分用于与相邻的诸椎骨体的另一个的端板接合;
一个可与第一端件和第二端件一起收缩的扩张件,该扩张件具有对应于在第一端件和第二端件之间的、沿着一第一轴线的、基本对应于盘空间高度的一第一间距的一第一状态,以及对应于在第一端件和第二端件之间的、沿着第一轴线的一第二间距的一第二状态,其中第二间距大于第一间距;以及
其中,第一端件和第二端件形成在相应的诸接合部分之间的、用于与相邻的各椎骨体的端板连通的中间空腔。
27.如权利要求26所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于:扩张件在第一状态和第二状态中、在垂直于第一轴线的平面内保持基本相同的位置。
28.如权利要求26所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于,还包括放置在中间空腔内的引起骨增长材料。
29.如权利要求26所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于:从凸轮机构、螺钉机构、齿条和小齿轮机构以及偏压机构组成的一组中选作扩张件。
30.一种用于插入在相邻椎体之间的盘间隙内的可扩张的脊椎植入物,它包括:
一个第一端件,其具有用于接合所述相邻的诸椎骨体的一个的端板的一第一部分和用于接合所述相邻的诸椎骨体的另一个的端板的一第二部分,该第一部分和第二部分相互隔开;
一个第二端件,其具有用于接合所述相邻的诸椎骨体的一个的端的一第三部分和用于接合所述相邻的诸椎骨体的另一个的端板的一第四部分,该第三部分与第四部分相互分开;以及
接合所述第一和第二端件的、用于改变在所述第一和第二部分之间的间距和用于改变在所述第三和第四部分之间的间距的装置。
31.如权利要求30所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于:从由凸轮机构、螺钉机构、齿条和小齿轮机构以及偏压机构组成的一组内选作用于改变间距的装置。
32.如权利要求30所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于:由形状记忆合金、可压缩弹性体和金属弹簧构成的一组中选作用于改变间距的装置。
33.如权利要求30所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于,还包括一个位于所述第一端部和所述第二端部之间的细长零件,其用于与所述第一和第二端部的诸表面协作、以在所述一椎骨体的端板和所述另一椎骨体的端板之间形成一空腔、用于在所述空腔内接纳引起骨增长的材料。
34.如权利要求33所述的组合物,其特征在于,还包括容纳于所述诸端部分之间和围绕所述细长部分的、充填所述空腔的骨增长材料。
35.如权利要求34所述的组合物,其特征在于:从由骨、BMP、LMP和DBM组成的一组中选作引起骨增长材料。
36.如权利要求30所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于:所述第一和第二端部具有圆柱形。
37.如权利要求30所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于:所述第一和第二端部具有矩形。
38.如权利要求30所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于:所述第一和第二端部具有短的圆柱形。
39.如权利要求30所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于:第一和第二端部具有短的平行六面体形。
40.如权利要求30所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于,还包括:
一个连接所述第一和第二端部和具有中心轴线的细长零件;以及
所述第一和第二端件是具有与所述细长零件的轴线共直线的轴线的圆柱形。
41.如权利要求40所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于,还包括:
从用于接合于所述椎骨体的所述部分突出的表面。
42.如权利要求30所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于,还包括:
连接于所述端部和具有纵向轴线的一细长部分;以及
所述诸端部在垂直于所述纵向轴的分开的诸平面内为多边形。
43.如权利要求42所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于:
用于接合所述椎骨体的所述部分具有用于锚固在所述椎骨体内的表面凸起。
44.如权利要求43所述的脊椎植入物,其特征在于:所述表面凸起是倒刺。
45.一种促进相邻的脊椎骨体的成骨融合的方法,它包括:
提供一种植入物,在植入物的隔开的部分之间和相邻的两椎骨体之间确定一个空腔;
提供一种基本上位于相邻椎骨体之间的植入物;以及
以基本保持相邻椎骨体通过中间空腔连通的方式扩张植入物。
46.如权利要求30所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将成骨融合促进材料放入该空腔内。
47.如权利要求31所述的方法,其特征在于:成骨融合促进材料的至少一部分是骨质。
48.如权利要求31所述的方法,其特征在于:
提供植入物,包括提供植入物的一第一端部和植入物的一第二端部和在第一和第二端部之间延伸的植入物的细长中央部分,植入物的中央部分在第一和第二端部之间和通过空腔延伸;以及
从包括骨片、脱矿质的骨基质、羟基磷灰石和磷酸钙的组中选择促进融合材料。
49.如权利要求48所述的方法,其特征在于:
通过改变在相邻椎骨体之间的空间内的植入物的高度、而不相对于椎骨体平移植入物、将它的状态从一第一状态变化到一第二状态,实行对植入物的扩张。
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CN102014801A (zh) * 2008-03-07 2011-04-13 新特斯有限责任公司 可扩展椎间间隔装置
CN102014801B (zh) * 2008-03-07 2014-02-05 新特斯有限责任公司 可扩展椎间间隔装置
CN103200905A (zh) * 2010-09-03 2013-07-10 Aces有限责任公司 引起应变刺激的骨锚定或骨连接装置
CN103200905B (zh) * 2010-09-03 2016-04-06 Aces有限责任公司 引起应变刺激的骨锚定或骨连接装置
CN102048601A (zh) * 2010-12-29 2011-05-11 哈尔滨医科大学 活塞式钛金属丝网笼及其制作方法
CN102048601B (zh) * 2010-12-29 2013-04-17 哈尔滨医科大学 活塞式钛金属丝网笼及其制作方法

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CA2500374A1 (en) 2004-04-01
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US20060149385A1 (en) 2006-07-06
WO2004026188A3 (en) 2004-10-14

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