CN1701341A - 识别标签 - Google Patents

识别标签 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1701341A
CN1701341A CN200480000767.9A CN200480000767A CN1701341A CN 1701341 A CN1701341 A CN 1701341A CN 200480000767 A CN200480000767 A CN 200480000767A CN 1701341 A CN1701341 A CN 1701341A
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transceiver
identification label
label
receiving
identification
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拉米什·拉斯卡尔
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G06K19/0728—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs the arrangement being an optical or sound-based communication interface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/08—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means
    • G06K19/10—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards
    • G06K19/14—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards the marking being sensed by radiation
    • G06K19/145—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards the marking being sensed by radiation at least one of the further markings being adapted for galvanic or wireless sensing, e.g. an RFID tag with both a wireless and an optical interface or memory, or a contact type smart card with ISO 7816 contacts and an optical interface or memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G06K7/10821—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum further details of bar or optical code scanning devices
    • G06K7/1097—Optical sensing of electronic memory record carriers, such as interrogation of RFIDs with an additional optical interface

Abstract

一种识别标签用单个微电路形成。该微电路包括光收发机和无线电收发机，二者均连接至存储识别码的存储器。所述各收发机中至少一个工作于接收模式，且所述各收发机中至少一个工作于发射模式。识别码由工作在发射模式的收发机响应于由工作在接收模式的收发机接收预定的信号而被发射。

Description

识别标签
技术领域
本发明一般涉及识别标签，并且尤其涉及可以被选择性操作的标签。
发明背景
常规射频识别(RFID)标签用来识别物体，包括人。RFID标签提供了可以替换用于区分和记录用于购买的产品的条形码的另一种选择。RFID标签可以使得生产者、分销商和零售商节省劳动力。对于使用RFID的较大零售商，所估计的每年的节省额总计可达几十亿美元。
典型现有技术的RFID包括微芯片和天线。该天线可以为调谐感应线圈的形式。操作基本上是简单的。典型地，该微芯片存储唯一的识别码，当标签的天线与阅读器的天线感应地耦合时，该识别码可以被检测出。该耦合改变了阻抗，从而改变了接收天线处的负载。该负载可以根据所存储的识别码，通过接入和断开线圈而被调制。
常规RFID标签可以根据以下基本属性被表征。有源RFID标签包括电源，以运转微芯片并且将信号“广播”至阅读器。半无源RFID标签利用电池运转微芯片，但是使用感生电流来运转发射机。因为这些类型的标签制造成本更高，它们典型地被用于需要在较远距离处识别的高成本物体。对于无源标签，阅读器通过发射电磁辐射在标签中感生电流。这些标签比较便宜，并且在直到约50米的范围内是有效的，这依赖于所发射的RF信号的功率。
标签可以是只读的，或可读写的。在后者类型中，信息可以利用例如电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)随时间被添加至标签。例如，该标签可以存储它被读取的时间，或它被读取的频度。
RFID标签还可以根据它们工作的频率被区分。工作频率需要考虑例如美国的FCC的监管机构所做出的RF频谱分配。低频率标签的制造通常比高频率设备更便宜，且使用更少的功率。不同的应用也会优选不同的频率。例如，低频率标签更适合具有高流动性内容的应用，例如水下的物品、人、水果、基于水的产品。高频率标签提供更高的数据速率和范围。而且，因为高频率倾向于是视线的，它们在具有狭窄视野的固定位置处例如装配线和通道可能是有用的。
RFID标签所遇到的一个问题是冲突。
当一个阅读器干扰附近的另一个阅读器的信号时，会发生阅读器冲突。这可能是入库过程中的问题，其中多个用户可能想要在同一时间确定库存。这可能导致对同一标签的多个读取，这是需要被解决的。在现有技术中，时分复用已经被用来克服这个问题。然而这增加了系统的复杂度和成本。
当多个标签被并置时发生标签冲突。这可能导致对不同标签的多个同时读取，这是需要被解决的。多种技术已经被提出以缓和这种冲突。它们中的多数需要复杂的协议，使过程减慢。
因此，需要能够被选择性操作的RFID标签。
发明内容
一种识别标签用单个微电路形成。该微电路包括具有单个光电二极管或光电晶体管的形式的光收发机。该二极管能够根据电流被驱使通过该二极管的方向而发射并且感测光。
该电路还包括无线电收发机。以其最简单的形式，该无线电收发机是感应线圈。两个收发机均连接至存储识别码的存储器。
所述各收发机中至少一个工作于接收模式，且所述各收发机中至少一个工作于发射模式。识别码由工作在发射模式的收发机响应于由工作在接收模式的收发机接收预定的信号而被发射。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明的识别标签100的方框图；以及
图2是图1的标签的按比例的顶视图。
本发明的优选实施方式
图1和图2示出了根据本发明的识别标签100。标签在例如每侧几毫米的单个集成微电路上形成。该标签与现有技术的RFID标签是可比的。该标签的主要目的是为用户提供识别。此外，根据本发明的该标签还允许视觉识别。
标签100包括光频(OF)收发机201和射频(RF)收发机202。OF收发机使用单频带(光信道)以接收和发射信号。RF收发机使用另一个单频带(RF信道)以发射和接收信号。
OF收发机201包括光电二极管或光电晶体管101，它能够在一个特定频带中接收光160并且发射光161。Dietz等人于2002年4月19日提交的美国专利申请第10/126,761号“Communication UsingBi-Directional LEDs”(在此作为参考其全文被并入)描述了这种光电收发机。或者，该OF收发机可以是光电晶体管。该OF收发机可以用来获得同步信息以支持与标签阅读器的通信。该OF收发机可以被配置为窄光束的或全向的。
RF收发机202包括能够接收无线电信号170且发射无线电信号171的天线102。用“发射”表示RF天线102能够通过射频信号选择性地耦合至另一个天线。即该天线具有感应线圈的形式。线圈中感生的电流也可以用于为OF和RF收发机无源地提供功率。电流可以被存储于电容器中。
收发机201-202都能访问存储识别(ID)码的存储器103。该码可以包括其他信息，例如制造日期或有效日期。该ID码可以是唯一的，或者属于一个码类。
在操作中，所述各收发机中至少一个工作于接收模式，且至少一个收发机工作于发射模式。接收和发射收发机可以是相同的或者不同的。“接收”收发机一旦通过其相关联的信道检测到接收信号，该接收信号或者是光信号160或者是RF信号170，便会令“发射”收发机以一个发射信号进行应答，该发射信号或者是RF信号171，或者是光信号161。该发射信号根据ID码103或某种其它所存储的信息被调制。应该理解，标签也可以令两个收发机同时工作于两种模式。例如，如果ID码对应于一种特定的产品类，且该类的多个产品在范围内，只有具有有效日期的产品会响应。
工作模式
光输入/RF输出
用户在标签100处照射窄光束的预定信号光160。只有当接收到预定的信号160时，该标签才响应于接收该预定的信号，以RF信号171发射ID。这使得用户能够选择一个特定的用于识别的标签。例如，用户可以识别难以达到的位置处的箱子。当RF天线选择性地耦合至感测设备以传送例如ID码103时，RF收发机被称作进行发射。
RF输入/光输出
用户以预定的无线电信号170的形式将查询信号发射至包括一个或多个标签的区域。如果接收的信号与ID 103匹配，则该标签发射光161。这使得用户能够视觉识别特定的标签。这对于挑拣出混杂在其它相同箱子中的特定箱子是有用的。光可以是稳定的，也可以根据码103被调制。
光输入/光和RF输出
用户在标签100处照射窄光束的预定信号光160。如果感测到预定的信号160，标签以RF信号171应答ID。此外，如果RF查询信号与ID 103匹配，该标签发射光161。这使得用户能够选择特定的用于识别的标签，并且可视地定位该标签。
RF输入/光和RF输出
用户以预定的无线电信号170的形式将查询信号发射至包括一个或多个标签的区域。如果该查询与ID 103匹配，则该标签发射光161。此外，如果该查询与ID 103匹配，则该标签发射RF信号171。这使得用户能够视觉上识别特定的标签，且获得其标识。
光输入和RF输入/光和RF输出
在这种情况下，只有光和RF信号均被接收到时，标签将以光和RF信号应答。
这种工作模式可以是预定的，可以被编码在标签中，或者可以通过适当调制接收信号而被动态选择。
根据本发明的标签解决了如上所述的冲突问题。此外，该标签允许在大量标签并置的应用中的视觉识别。
应该理解，该标签可以被增强为包括用于存储功率的装置以增大收发机的范围。收发机可以通过从RF信号获得的功率被无源地操作。
该标签还可以执行附加处理以存储接收的数据，并且根据所存储的数据工作。
虽然本发明已经通过优选实施例的方式被描述，应该理解，各种其它适应和修改可以在本发明的实质和范围内做出。因此，所附权利要求书的目标是涵盖所有包含在本发明的实质和范围内的所有这样的变化和修改。

Claims (20)

1.一种具有单个微电路形式的识别标签，包含：
光收发机；
无线电收发机；
存储识别码的存储器，连接至光收发机和无线电收发机；
用于以接收模式操作所述各收发机中至少一个而以发射模式操作所述各收发机中至少一个的装置；以及
用于响应于由工作在接收模式的收发机接收预定的信号而由工作在发射模式的收发机发射所述识别码的装置。
2.权利要求1的识别标签，其中光收发机包括单个光电二极管，被配置以发射和接收光信号。
3.权利要求1的识别标签，其中无线电收发机包括形成为感应线圈的天线。
4.权利要求3的识别标签，其中该感应线圈获得用于光收发机的功率。
5.权利要求4的识别标签，还包含：
用于存储该功率的装置。
6.权利要求1的识别标签，其中识别码包括一个或多个日期。
7.权利要求1的识别标签，其中接收信号是光信号，而发射信号是无线电信号。
8.权利要求1的识别标签，其中接收信号是无线电信号。
9.权利要求1的识别标签，还包含：
用于以接收模式和发射模式操作所述各收发机中至少一个而以发射模式操作其它收发机的装置。
10.权利要求1的识别标签，还包含：
用于以接收模式和发射模式操作所述各收发机中至少一个而以接收模式操作其它收发机的装置。
11.权利要求1的识别标签，还包含：
用于以接收模式和发射模式操作所述各收发机中至少一个而以接收模式和发射模式操作其它收发机的装置。
12.权利要求1的识别标签，还包含：
用于根据接收光来同步所述发射和接收的装置。
13.权利要求1的识别标签，其中该光收发机是全向的。
14.权利要求1的识别标签，其中该光收发机是窄光束的。
15.一种识别方法，包含：
将识别码存储在存储器中，该存储器连接至光收发机和无线电收发机；
以接收模式操作所述各收发机中至少一个，而以发射模式操作所述各收发机中至少一个；以及
响应于由工作在接收模式的收发机接收预定的信号，由工作在发射模式的收发机发射所述识别码。
16.一种识别标签，包含：
存储识别码的存储器；
用于接收预定的光信号的光通信部分；以及
用于当光通信部分接收到预定的光信号时发射存储在存储器中的识别码的无线电通信部分。
17.权利要求16的识别标签，其中光通信部分发射光信号，无线电通信部分接收无线电信号，所述识别标签还包含：
用于以接收模式操作所述各通信部分中至少一个而以发射模式操作所述各通信部分中至少一个的装置；以及
用于响应于由工作在接收模式的通信部分接收预定的信号而由工作在发射模式的通信部分发射所述识别码的装置。
18.一种识别方法，包含：
在识别标签中的光通信部分接收预定的光信号；以及
当光通信部分接收到预定的光信号时，由无线电通信部分发射存储在存储器中的识别码。
19.权利要求18的识别方法，还包含：
以接收模式操作所述各通信部分中至少一个，而以发射模式操作所述各通信部分中至少一个；以及
响应于由工作在接收模式的通信部分接收预定的信号，由工作在发射模式的通信部分发射所述识别码。
20.一种标识阅读器，包含：
用于发射预定的光信号的光通信部分；以及
用于接收在识别标签接收到预定的光信号时所发送的识别码的无线电通信部分。
CN200480000767.9A 2003-08-19 2004-08-11 识别标签 Pending CN1701341A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US10/643,614 2003-08-19
US10/643,614 US7229023B2 (en) 2003-08-19 2003-08-19 Radio and optical identification tags

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CN1701341A true CN1701341A (zh) 2005-11-23

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EP (1) EP1552470A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2007519059A (zh)
CN (1) CN1701341A (zh)
WO (1) WO2005017823A1 (zh)

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