CN1698551B - 椎间盘植入体 - Google Patents

椎间盘植入体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1698551B
CN1698551B CN200510067093.0A CN200510067093A CN1698551B CN 1698551 B CN1698551 B CN 1698551B CN 200510067093 A CN200510067093 A CN 200510067093A CN 1698551 B CN1698551 B CN 1698551B
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China
Prior art keywords
intervertebral disc
nuclear
disc implant
supporting pad
implant
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN200510067093.0A
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English (en)
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CN1698551A (zh
Inventor
米夏埃尔·菲利皮
马蒂亚斯·黑勒
约恩·泽贝克
吉多·卡苏特
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LL Plant Engineering AG
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ZiAG Plant Engineering GmbH
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0073Quadric-shaped
    • A61F2230/0076Quadric-shaped ellipsoidal or ovoid
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00023Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00029Cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Co-Cr alloys or Vitallium
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00592Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
    • A61F2310/00796Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. hydroxy(l)apatite

Abstract

本发明涉及一种椎间盘植入体,其具有在植入状态接触预备椎间体表面的两个植入板,和能够引入植入板之间的植入核。本发明还涉及一种椎间盘植入体的制造方法。

Description

椎间盘植入体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种椎间盘植入体及其制造方法。
背景技术
人造椎间盘得满足多个要求,并且在这个过程中,不仅得尽量接近于天生椎间盘的行为,而且诸如必须还能够以尽量简单的方式来使用,即必须能够引入对应的两个相邻脊椎体之间,并且在所使用的材料方面得具有良好的生物相容性。具体地说,在不同压力条件下尽量自然的弹回或动态行为的复现,已经证实是椎间盘植入体设计中的难点,所述的不同压力条件是在还导致极端拉紧的脊柱正常运动下产生的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种椎间盘植入体,这种植入体以最佳的可能方式满足所有的实质要求,并且尤其在弹回或动态行为方面尽量接近于天生椎间盘。
此目的被权利要求1的特征所满足,具体地说,这种椎间盘植入体包括在植入状态下接触椎间体预备面的两个植入板,以及能够引入植入板之间的植入核(core)。这样的椎间盘植入体诸如通过成形或材料选择提供了多个以各个所需方式影响动态或弹回行为的可能性。按照本发明的椎间盘植入体还证实在引入两个相邻脊椎体之间时特别具有优越性。参考文献是2003年11月18日提交的欧洲专利申请EP03026582,本发明要求该文献的优先权。此优先权申请涉及用于插入椎间盘植入体的操作系统。然而,此操作系统以及本身操作并不是本发明的目的,因此在本文中没有再次详细的示出。
本发明的优选实施例还能够从从属权利要求、说明书和附图中看到。
植入核优选具有透镜式的基本形状。植入核尤其具有至少大约两个球截面的形状,球截面的平坦侧面彼此压在对方的顶部,而一个球截面的球心位于另一个球截面之内。或者是,使植入核具有至少大约两个其平坦侧面彼此面对的球截面形状,和位于这二者之间的圆柱形盘,或者如上所述,一个球截面的球心位于另一个球截面之内。
利用模型计算的调查已经惊人地表明,如果使植入核的几何形状具体合适的话,就能够避免植入核的局部负荷峰,尤其是在维持旋转对称性的时候。尤其是发现,峰负荷能够减小高达30%,而植入核相比于以下这样的植入核具有直接适合的几何形状:即,当植入体装配时,其关节面与植入板的关节面完全接触。关节面协作时的磨耗效应和磨损现象据此明显减小。
尤其是发现,利用在压力下经植入板放置的植入核的改善“弹簧效应”,可达到所需负荷减小的目的。
据此,按照本发明的一个优选实施例,提出,植入核具有两个球截面的基本形状,球截面的平坦侧面彼此压在对方的顶部或彼此面对,且植入核通过从基本形状中去除材料而具有至少一个弹簧区,所述弹簧区使植入核在压力作用下相对于基本形状,其弹回形状的可变性增大。
对于植入核及植入板的关节面,尤其优选的是,当椎间盘植入体装配时,这两个关节面以线性或条形形状彼此接触。
本实施例的一个优点是,用植入核外表面与植入板对应表面之间的液体填充的、通过植入核与植入板的接触而密封的中空空间,能够导致或支持有益的流体静力支撑效应,在此效应中,有效的支撑表面扩大到整个内表面。
在一个特别优选的实施例中,植入板的关节面每个都是具有恒定曲率半径的一部分球表面形状,而植入核的关节面是由多个具有不同曲率半径的一部分球表面形成的。植入板的关节面每个优选地是由两个部分表面形成,这两个部分表面的曲率半径小于植入板关节面的曲率半径,并且一方面是在核极方向上,另一方面是在核赤道方向上,起始于植入核与植入面之间的接触线。
或者是,或者附加地,植入核尤其是配备在其赤道面的区域中,而外环槽和/或内环槽优选地形成垂直于赤道面延伸的通道的径向伸展。
同样,导致峰负荷减小的弹簧区通过这些材料的去除而形成,在此基础上,植入核在压力作用下能够以可直接预设的方式发生变形。
对于植入核优选的是,具有垂直于赤道面延伸的通道。上述的负荷计算已经表明,峰负荷能够通过所解释的这个测定方法而减小,而无论此通道是否存在。不过,这样的通道提供了使植入体几何形状最佳化的进一步可能性。
利用模型计算和试验的复杂调查进一步表明,植入核弹性的具体球形分布具有特别的优越性。通过巧妙选择植入核的弹回行为或弹簧效应与其中心或中心轴的依赖关系,可实现,在与植入板关节面协作的植入核关节面的任何点,都没有不可接受的特定高压负荷的产生。尤其能够实现的是,在径向外部区域中避免了压力峰的出现。以这种方式,成功地抵消了时刻要避免的材料磨耗的危险所伴随的关节面的磨损。
按照本发明的一个优选实施例,植入核在径向外部边缘区域比在径向内中心区域具有更大的弹性。植入核进一步具有最低的弹性,且由此在径向中心区具有最大的硬度,此径向中心区位于径向外部区与配有垂直于赤道面延伸的通道的中心区之间。
按照本发明一个特别优选的实施例,植入核包括多个部分。一种布置具体是,由至少一个内支撑垫和至少一个围绕该支撑垫的壳体形成。支撑垫能够阻尼直接与植入板协作的壳体的轴向运动。支撑垫诸如通过其内支撑的方式或通过其形状,尤其能够避免径向外部边缘区中的不利压力峰,此时压力峰存在于分界中心通道的内侧区域。这种多部分设计的优点是,通过利用足够大量的、具有比较低耐磨性的植入核材料,使磨损的发生得以避免或至少减少了。
支撑垫优选具有透镜式的基本形状。
进一步优选的是,使壳体包括两个半壳体,这两个半壳体优选地在轴向方向上彼此隔开设置。
进一步优选的是,使支撑垫和壳体用不同的材料制成。壳体的材料优选地比支撑垫的材料要硬和/或坚。
特别优选的支撑垫材料是聚碳酸酯尿烷(polycarbonate urethane)(PCU)。此材料特别优越的是,能够获得大约1mm的植入核所需最大“弹簧路径”。或者是,诸如,相应地调整到支撑垫的所需弹性的硅氧烷或PCU与硅氧烷的混合物也可用作支撑垫材料。
虽然按照本发明在原理上有可能用合适的材料(例如尤其是PCU)制造植入核,来代替植入核的多部分设计,并利用巧妙的形状单独避免过度的压力负荷,尤其是在轴向外部边缘区,但是优选的可以说是,“增强”关节面,并且为了此目的,围绕支撑垫使用上述壳体,至少使用部分或半壳体。聚乙烯(PE)、高度交联的聚乙烯、UHMWPE(UHMW=超高分子量)或金属、尤其是CoCrMo合金或钛合金是优选的壳体材料。这些材料尤其确保生物相容性。
如果按照进一步优选的实施例,支撑垫在径向外部边缘区与中心区之间的大致中心处具有最低弹性和最大硬度,那么可避免在中心通道的存在下所形成的环形半壳体的不利内外转动布置。
按照本发明还提出,壳体在径向方向上突出到支撑垫之外。通过相对于内支撑垫“悬垂”壳体或两个半壳体可实现:植入板的实际支撑在轴向外部边缘区与中心区之间的中心区方向上经壳体或半壳体而调换,并且以这种方式,压力峰在边缘区或中心区得以避免或至少大大降低。
尤其在植入核的径向外部边缘区,相应的中间空间位于壳体或半壳体与支撑垫之间,从而在该区域发生壳体在支撑垫上没有支撑。
按照本发明另一实施例,中间层,尤其是用金属制成的,布置在支撑垫与壳体之间。此中间层的范围一般可按需要来选择。中间层于是诸如平行于赤道平面而延伸或者依照外壳体来弯曲。
如果这样的中间层(由两个分开的单独层构成,每层都与半壳体相关)存在,那么还使壳体或半壳体经此中间层或单独层专门支撑在内支撑垫处,即,材料接触专门发生在壳体与中间层之间,而不是在壳体与支撑垫之间。
中间层可作为突入垂直于赤道面延伸的通道内的植入板套管的路界。由此以有益的方式避免了优选地由PE构成的外壳体的损伤。
进一步优选的是,使垂直于赤道面延伸的植入核通道具有在长度上变化的截面。此截面优选地从赤道面相应增大到、尤其是恒定地增大到外部。利用中心通道的形状可直接设定压力行为,尤其是内支撑垫的压力行为。
按照本发明的进一步优选实施例,设定植入核压力行为的进一步可能性在于,在中心区的轴向方向上硬化支撑垫。或者是,或者附加地,当提供中心通道时,支撑垫在径向方向上向内硬化。
尤其是,为了硬化支撑垫,可提供单独的硬化部件(优选具有环形或圆柱形基本形状)。此硬化部件可设置在中心通道内且诸如制成所谓的金属波纹管。
这样的硬化部件不仅能够增大支撑垫在中心区或分界中心通道的支撑垫的内边缘区的硬度,而且还能够同时径向方向上支撑支撑垫,由此同样扩大支撑垫在中心区的硬度。
在中心通道的情形中,诸如由金属波纹管制成的硬化部件此外还提供了较佳导向围绕支撑垫的半壳体的有益可能性,由此避免半壳体在支撑垫上“漂浮”,通道至少部分制成环形。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,支撑垫注射成型到壳体或半壳体上,而支撑垫的材料具有比壳体材料高的熔点,以便优选地在支撑垫与壳体之间形成通过注射成型构建的材料复合体。按照本发明的椎间盘植入体的制造参见另一点的详细描述。
当使用如上所述的中间层时,还可以使支撑垫注射成型到中间层上。
按照本发明进一步提出,将支撑垫或与支撑垫相连的中间层,尤其是由金属制成的,通过夹子、扣件或锁闩连件连接到壳体或半壳体上。
关于按照本发明的植入体的植入板,优选地按照本发明使每个植入板在其外侧具有穹形延伸部(尤其是球截面形状)或桶形延伸部。这些穹形或桶形在植入体插入之后提供了重要的位置稳定性,此外,桶形延伸部还能够在插入过程中满足导向功能。
而且,按照本发明,提出,植入板的外侧每个都向外弯成弓形。除了上述的穹形或桶形延伸部之外,这些弓形是优选的,的确,弓形一直都是较浅的,但是相反,在板的平面上却比穹形或桶形具有更大的延伸范围。
而且,按照本发明可使植入板的外侧每个都具有至少在植入板的部分周边之上延伸的平坦边缘区。
总之,利用在所有情况下都具有比较强烈弯曲的穹形或桶形延伸部、相当浅的弓形和平坦边缘区的植入板外侧实施例,可实现对脊椎体的骨质组成界面轮廓的优化。
而且,植入板每个在其外侧上都具有至少一个导向突起(尤其是锤头形的)和/或定位突起(尤其是棱锥形的定位突起)。植入体由此在插入状态具有旋转稳定性,而定位突起还能够确保插入的植入体避免滑出。
按照一个特别优选的实施例,每个植入板在其内侧上都具有用于接收植入核的凹槽,而凹槽和植入核的协作关节面每个都是部分球面的。凹槽允许埋头布置,并且这样的步骤确保植入板之间的植入核避免滑出。通过使关节面形成为一部分球面,按照本发明的椎间盘植入体关于其运动可能性是旋转对称的。
为了可靠地避免植入核从由具有极端体态的植入板凹槽或凹面形成的接收空间中滑出,使至少一个植入板具有从其内侧突出的套管(spigot),并且此套管在植入体放置到一起时,就伸入在植入核外侧上形成的凹陷内,而凹陷的尺寸大于套管的尺寸,从而允许植入板与植入核之间发生相对运动。
植入核的套管和/或中心相对于矢形(sagittal)方向上的植入板尺寸可以中心或离心布置。
为了保持将植入核引入植入板之间所需的牵引量尽量低,按照另一个实施例,植入核配有从边距延伸到至少一个外侧上的凹陷处的、植入板套管的引入通道。
按照另一个实施例,保持牵引量低的另一个或附加的可能性是,使至少一个植入板在其内侧上具有从边缘延伸到凹槽的、植入核的引入通道。
本发明还涉及一种椎间盘植入体的制造方法,所述植入体包括在植入状态下接触预备脊椎体表面的两个植入板,和一个植入核,所述植入核可以导入植入板之间并且包括至少一个内支撑垫和至少一个围绕该支撑垫的壳体,此壳体优选地是由两个半壳体形成,而支撑垫用塑料注射成型方法注射成型到该壳体上,尤其是半壳体上,或者在成品状态注射成型到设置在支撑垫与壳体之间的中间层上。
优选地选择待注射成型的支撑垫材料,以便在支撑垫与壳体之间制造具有比壳体材料高的熔点的材料复合体。已经如上所述,支撑垫的优选材料是聚碳酸酯尿烷(PCU)、硅氧烷或PCU与硅氧烷的混合物,而聚乙烯(PE)、高度交联的PE、UHMWPE或金属优选地用于壳体。尽管PCU的熔点在200℃之上,但是PE的熔点却在120℃之内。据发现,利用冷注射成型模具,由PE制造的半壳体可用PCU注射成型,从而产生合适的材料复合体。
此材料复合体的改进之处在于,半壳体内侧上形成的凹槽或下切(undercuts)填充在支撑垫材料的注射成型上。
附图说明
以下参照附图借助实例来描述本发明。图中示出:
图1是按照本发明的椎间盘植入体的不同视图;
图2a+2b是图1的椎间盘植入体的不同透视图;
图2C表示出图1的椎间盘植入体关于植入板方面的变换型实施例;
图3a-3c是所有情况下对图1进行修改的植入核的一个实施例的平面图;
图4是对图1进行修改的椎间盘植入体的透视图;
图5表示出按照本发明的椎间盘植入体的进一步实施例;
图6表示出按照本发明的椎间盘植入体的进一步实施例;
图7-12表示出按照本发明的椎间盘植入体的进一步实施例。
具体实施方式
图1是按照本发明的椎间盘植入体的可能实施例的不同视图,所述植入体包括植入板15,17(也可表示为盖板或端板)以及植入核19(也可表示为镶嵌(inlay))。正如已经在介绍部分所提到的,按照本发明的椎间盘植入体的插入在本申请中没有更详细地示出。同样已经提到的欧洲专利申请EP03026582描述了一种尤其适合于按照本发明的椎间盘植入体(参见图1-4)的摊开器(spreading device),其中一些部件在以下理解图1-4中所述的植入体时所需要的上下文中提到。
植入核19具有对应于两个球截面的透镜式基本形状,所述的两个球截面在其平坦侧面处彼此接触。植入核19的外关节面49由此是部分球面。正如从图9的上侧视图中所看到的,植入核19的形状并不精确对应于彼此置于对方的顶部上的两个球截面,但是具有相当低的高度和直边的间隔物18却位于球截面的平坦侧面之间。
植入核19在其磁极处配有凹陷53,当装配植入体时,植入板15,17的套管51伸入此凹陷内(将在下面更详细地论述)。
正如从截面B-B和C-C中所具体看到的,植入板15,17每个都在其外侧配有相当浅的弓形体63,在弓形体63上又升起更强烈弯曲的穹形延伸部41,延伸部41与植入板15,17内侧上的凹槽45相应,而植入板的关节面47同样是一部分球面,此球面的半径与植入核19的关节面49的半径相应。如截面C-C所示,在植入体装配状态下的两个关节面47,49之间是全面接触的。对于植入核19的每个球截面,其表面上具有关节面47,49的球中心点M在相应的另一个球截面之内,并且的确是在凹陷53的区域中。
植入板15,17在其外侧还配有锤头体43。植入板15,17在插入盘空间内时借助于圆头锤导向到提前制备的脊椎体表面上的槽形凹口内的这些导向突起43上。
用于接受牵引靴(shoe)的适配器部件的切口20在植入板15,17的内侧上与锤头体43对置形成。
按照图2C的变型不同于图1和图2a和2b所示的植入体,不同之处在植入板15,17的外侧设计上,此处的每个植入板都配有桶形延伸部41’,由此在插入状态,又使植入板15,17在插入时具有位置稳定性和附加的纵向导向性。
代替诸如锤头形导向部件的是,还配有具有棱锥形的钉形定位突起43’。选择这些已知为钉销的急剧削尖的突起43’的高度,以便在植入体插入时,它们不会对植入板15,17的插入有不利影响,却能够提供位置稳定性,在插入时,这些突起啮合到彼此面对的脊椎体表面内。最佳插入行为是,棱锥形钉销43’的相应边缘面对插入方向。
图2c的植入体与图1和图2a和2b的植入体相比,是为不同的手术方案设计的,尤其是为植入板15,17的不同插入类型和摊开类型设计的。尤其是使用不同的仪器,这些仪器在本申请中没有更详细的示出。关于这一点可参照2004年10月15日提交的欧洲专利申请EP04024653。植入板15,17每个在其腹侧上都配有用于接受设定装置的相应突起的孔44,设定装置与这些仪器一起使用,尤其是设定单元,在所述申请中有所描述。
以单独部件形式提供的植入板15,17的套管51的直径(图1中的截面C-C)小于在植入核19中形成的凹陷53的直径。以这种方式明显伸入凹陷53内的套管51,避免植入核19在极端体态从由两个凹槽45形成的接受空间中滑出。
尤其是如图1的截面A-A所示,植入板15,17外侧上的浅弓形体63在所有情况下都不会在整个周边上延伸到板的边缘。平坦的边缘区65在植入板15,17的部分周边上延伸。
截面A-A还表示出,参照零频率0来相应测量植入板15,17的所谓扭曲角度,零频率是垂直于套管51的中心轴(画为虚线)延伸的平面。在植入核19与两个植入板15,17之间的具体相对位置处的组装植入体的最后扭曲角度α,用尾角α1和头角α2之和来确定。
从平面图和截面A-A中看到,穹形体41和套管51的中心沿中心线向后端离心位移。
按照本发明的椎间盘植入体具有具体的特征值,这些值为了优化植入体以及为了适合病人的相应解剖结构,随着植入体的制造而变化。具体有如下参数,它们的定义可从图1的不同相应附图中看到:
H植入体的高度
B植入体的宽度
T植入体的深度
R关节面的半径
d穹形体的位置
h穹形体的高度
z弓形体的中心
w弓形体的高度
a锤头体的间距
f锤头体的高度
v切口的间距
对于图2c的变型也同样存在相应的参数,其中相应的参数d和h与桶形体41’有关,参数a和f是钉销43’的位置或间距以及高度,v是用于插入仪器的两个外孔44之间的间距。
与图1所示的实施例相反,套管51也被省略。当凹槽45配置在或能够配置在植入板15,17上时,尤其可以考虑这样的变型实施例,从而它们自己就能够提供足够的突出安全,即,避免植入核19适当安全地滑出。
植入板15,17可以用CoCr合金或钛合金制成,且将多孔钛以及任选地还有羟基磷灰石(HAC)涂在外骨侧上,以便以这种方式允许骨特别快速地生长。实际上,为了与不同的病人解剖结构最佳匹配,一组不同尺寸的植入板15,17是优选有用的。植入板15,17尤其是在宽度、深度和扭曲角度上彼此不同。
植入核19诸如可以由聚乙烯、高度交联的PE、UHMWPE或金属、尤其是CoCrMo合金构成。聚乙烯是优选的材料,因为由此能够较佳地弹性吸收轴向作用力,即,存在较佳的轴向阻尼特性。为了避免任何可能的磨耗,可以将薄金属壳放在塑料材料上。然后形成金属的部分球面的组合体,所述球面由于是球形,因此彼此能够以非常高的精度来制造。这样的金属/金属相互作用通常在欧洲专利申请97903208.3(公开号为EP0892627)中有所描述,该文献的参考内容是对本申请的补充。
通过植入核19在植入板15,17的凹部45中的埋头布置,可提供相当大的力传输面,并由此获得比较小的表面负荷,同时使突出的危险保持较低。
图2a和2b中的植入体的相应形式具体表示出,在植入板15,17内侧上形成的牵引靴的切口20和植入板15,17外侧的穹形体41和锤头体43设计。
图3a-3c和图4表示出在植入核19(图3a-3c)和植入板15,17(图4)内侧进行的可能测量,以便为了引入植入核19尽可能低地压开植入板15,17。
按照图3a-3c,引入通道55在所有情况下在植入核19的外侧上形成,该通道从植入核19的边缘延伸到中心凹陷53。引入通道55通常可具有任何所需的弯曲程度,且在凹陷53内基本上沿径向(图3a)或切线(图3b)打开。或者是,引入通道55可具有直线径向范围(图3c)。
在将植入核19引到植入板15,17之间时,套管51伸入植入核19的引入通道55,从而套管51也不在具有较低板间距的待引入植入核19的路线上。
或者是,或附加地对于植入核19的引入通道55,植入板15,17每个在其内侧上都配有槽形凹陷形式的引入通道57,通道57从前部的板边缘延伸到凹槽45,由此整个存在从前侧延伸到植入核19的接受空间的植入核19的“引入道”。植入核19在引入过程开始时已经部分接收在引入通道57中,从而植入板15,17彼此压开得更少。
在插入按照本发明的椎间盘植入体的操作中,直到按照本发明的操作系统开始使用时,即在不用按照本发明的操作系统的情况下刮削天生椎间盘时,才提前制备盘空间。首先尤其是用所谓的“尖勺”(例如Cobb)而不是用按照本发明的工作板11,13来制备脊椎体的端板。
随后诸如利用操作系统首先来制备盘空间,例如上述的欧洲专利申请EP03026582中所述的。
图5和6表示出按照本发明的椎间盘的优选实施例。这两个实施例的共同之处是,植入板115,117的关节面147每个都是在植入体的中心轴167上和各自另一个板的套管151上具有半径R0和中心M0的部分球面。植入核119每个还是旋转对称的,并且配有中心通道173,通道173的纵轴与中心轴167一致。
在图5的植入核119中,关节面149同样是具有依照植入板115,117的关节面147的半径R0和中心M0的部分球面,从而类似于图1的植入体,植入核119和植入板115,117的关节面147,149在整个面上都完全彼此接触。
为了达到在压力影响下使峰负荷最小的改善“弹簧效应”(如介绍部分所解释的),植入核119配置在具有外环槽169和内槽螺母171的赤道面的高度处,内槽螺母171实质上比外环槽169宽,并且在这方面代表中心通道173的径向延伸。
在图6的植入核119中,为了达到改善的弹簧效应,选择不同的方法。植入核119的关节面149此处不是依照植入板115,117的关节面147成形的部分球面。而是,植入核119的关节面149是在每个象限成形的,从而植入核119和植入板115,117仅在线P接触。在此处所示的沿中心轴167的截面中,选择接触线P的位置,以便穿过中心M0和点P的直线,即穿过点P与切线t以直角相交的直线,包括与植入核119的赤道面所成的大约60°的角度ω。角度ω优选地在大约45°-75°的角度范围内。
图6表示出基于植入核119与植入板115,117之间的线接触这个基本原理的两个优选变型。在用实线表示的变型中,植入核119的关节面149具有带中心M1的恒定曲率半径R1<R0。在图6中用双链点线表示出一个变型,其中从接触线P开始,植入核119的关节面149的曲率在核极方向上比在核赤道方向上大,即带中心M2的曲率半径R2小于带中心M1的曲率半径R1。
这些参数的优选条件是R0-6mm<R1<R0-1mm,其中R2<R1,8mm<R0<18mm。
按照图6,在此实施例中还使中心M0、M1和M2在与接触线P相交的公共直线上,接触线P标志着植入核119的两个关节面之间的转换。
按照本发明,具有图5的环槽形式的图6的特定关节面几何形状的组合体也基本上是可能的,即不同的测量通常可彼此合并,以达到改善的“弹簧效应”,其中每个测量都导致不同于简单的基本形状的植入核几何形状的产生。
本申请中所述的植入核,尤其是以下图7-12的植入核,关于它们的尺寸都调整到欧洲人的平均中心尺寸。植入核具有外径大约为25mm、高度大约为19mm的透镜形状,此形状是通过使在轴向方向上延伸的中心通道变平而提供的。而且,植入核是针对植入板的大约14mm的曲率半径R0(在图7-12中未示出)设计的。
所有植入核还有一个共同之处是,与植入板的关节面协作的植入核的关节面是具有所提到的大约14mm曲率半径R0的部分球面。植入核的透镜形状是自动调准的,其中植入核具有至少大约两个球截面的形状,这两个球截面的平坦侧面彼此面对,而一个球截面的相应球心在另一个球截面内。
图7a和7d的植入核包括一个大致的透镜式支撑垫277,彼此间隔开并彼此对置的两个半壳体279,281设置在支撑垫277上。支撑垫277由聚碳酸酯尿烷(PCU)、硅氧烷或PCU/硅氧烷混合物组成,而两个半壳体279,281是由聚乙烯(PE)、高度交联的PE、UHMWPE或金属、尤其是CoCrMo合金制成。支撑垫277和两个半壳体279,281由于通道273每个都具有环形形状,通道273垂直于赤道面275延伸,并且其中心轴与植入核219的中心轴267一致。
半壳体279,281在径向方向上伸到支撑垫277之外。在这个悬垂区或覆盖区,在轴向间隔开的半壳体279,281之间存在环形槽,在这方面,此环形槽形成植入核219的径向外环形槽269。此环形槽269尤其能够在图7b的透视形式中识别出。
由半壳体279,281的外侧形成的植入核219的关节面249是部分球面,并且具有与椎间盘植入体的植入板(未示出)关节面相同的曲率半径。
支撑垫277的径向外侧边缘平行于中心轴267延伸,而分界中心通道273的支撑垫277的内边缘或内侧是凸形的。支撑垫277内侧的这个范围由半壳体279,281的内缘区接续。中心通道273因此具有此处所示的双锥形、双漏斗形或沙漏形的轴向截面形状,这些形状在赤道面275上都具有最小的自由内截面面积。
植入板的套管在椎间盘植入体的装配状态下伸入中心通道273内,例如与图5和6的实施例对应。
支撑垫277和两个半壳体279,281形成固态材料复合体,该复合体是通过将用于支撑垫277的材料(具体是PCU、硅氧烷或PCU/硅氧烷混合物)注射成型到具体由PE、高度交联的PE、UHMWPE或金属、尤其是CoCrMo合金构成的半壳体279,281上而制造的(如介绍部分所述)。
得益于其透镜形状,支撑垫277在其轴向方向上的中心范围内比在径向外边缘区为半壳体279,281提供了更柔软的支撑。此行为受中心通道273的形状的影响。实际支撑通过半壳体279,281的所述径向悬挂而径向向内颠倒,由此避免在径向外边缘区出现压力峰。
图8的植入核219不同于图7a和7b的,其外环槽285在赤道面275高度处形成在支撑垫277中。利用这样的限制可设定支撑垫277在径向外边缘区的轴向高度的减小程度。
支撑垫277的环形槽285与两个半壳体279,281之间的赤道环形缝隙一起形成整个植入核219的外环槽269。
在图9a-9c所示的按照本发明的植入核219中,支撑垫277以用金属制成的环形中间层289,291相应地向下和向上齐平的方式而终止。平行于赤道面275延伸的中间环289,291的外径是PE半壳体279,281外径的约60%,而中间环289,291的内径是半壳体外径的约24%。
在所有情况下,始于环形中间层289,291的支撑垫277的直径在赤道面275的方向上增大,而向外变宽的相应中间空间283却在支撑垫277与半壳体279,281之间径向存在于中间层289,291的外部。半壳体279,281据此仅经由支撑垫277处的金属环289,291支撑。
支撑垫277与金属中间环289,291一起形成固态材料复合体,此复合体是通过注射成型提供给支撑垫277的材料(诸如以上所述的材料)而在中间层289,291的内侧制造的。由形成在中间层289,291上、在制造过程中支撑垫277的材料流入其内的下切孔295产生附加的形状匹配的连接。如图9c所示,配备多个彼此以均匀间距设置的圆形下切孔295。
如图9a的细节“C”所示,中间环289,291的侧边缘以及在半壳体279,281中形成的接受区的径向外分界侧面是下切的,从而在支撑垫277及中间环289,291的复合物与两个半壳体279,281之间可建立各自的扣合连接。半壳体279,281因此能够简单地夹到与金属环289,291牢固相连的支撑垫277上。
在图10a和10b的实施例中,环形中间层289,291又设置在由PCU制成的制成垫277与PE壳体279,281之间。在该实施例中,然而,中间环289,291不垂直于植入核219的中心轴267而延伸,而是依照提供关节面249的外半壳体279,281而弯曲。
环形支撑垫277的径向内侧具有比较强的凸出曲率,而中心通道273在赤道面275明显变窄。
在径向方向,支撑垫277经位于中间金属环289,291之间的凸缘形截面287,以与中间环289,291的齐平的方式而终止。PE半壳体279,281因此又相对于支撑垫277和中间环289,291的复合物而悬垂。半壳体279,281每个都以与中间环289,291齐平的方式终止在轴向方向上,由此植入核219具有外环槽269,该槽的轴向高度对应于支撑垫277的凸缘截面287的厚度。
由CoCrMo合金制成的中间层289,291与PE半壳体279,281之间的连接在所有情况下都是通过将PE材料注射成型到金属中间层289,291的外侧上而发生的,中间层为此目的配有凹槽或下切孔(图10a中未示出),PE材料在注射成型过程中可流到其内。这些下切孔优选是圆形的凹槽台阶,其宽度和高度随径向位置而改变,从而从内到外台阶宽度减小而高度增加。材料复合物的这种制造方法基本上还可用于其它材料对,而并不限于用于半壳体的PE和用于中间层的CoCrMo合金。
对于图9和10的实施例优选的是,从植入板(此处未示出)突出并伸入中心通道273的套管(参见图5和6)一直延伸到金属中间层289,291,然后,植入板由于关节而相对于植入核219发生倾斜运动,金属环289,291可用作套管的、以及由此用作植入板的路界,而不会损坏PE半壳体279,281。
图11a、11b的植入核219在又由PCU制成的支撑垫277与在该实施例中不是由PE制成而是由金属制成的外半壳体279,281之间不具有任何中间层。PCU支撑垫277与半壳体279,281之间的连接通过注射成型PCU材料而发生。
支撑垫277在其径向内侧由硬化部件293支撑着,硬化部件293被制成为金属波纹管,并且一直延伸到金属半壳体279,281的内侧。一方面,支撑垫277在轴向方向上的硬化由此增大。另一方面,半壳体279,281彼此相对的导向由于硬化部件293而改善,由此防止半壳体279,281“漂浮”在支撑垫277上。
半壳体279,281和硬化部件293优选地是由相同的材料制成的,尤其所用的材料是CoCrMo合金。
半壳体279,281的壁厚在大约1mm的量级内,由此产生足够的形状弹回性。半壳体279,281在支撑垫277的径向外环槽285与内侧即硬化部件293之间的中心区内所获得的支撑,允许半壳体279,281的形状在径向外边缘区有比较小的改变(在轴向方向上为μm量级的)。
在这方面轴向间隔开的支撑垫277的外环槽285和半壳体279,281之间的环形缝隙一起形成整个植入核219的外环槽269。内环槽271是通过金属波纹管293在赤道面275的高度处的径向向外引导膨胀而产生的。
当植入板的套管(参照例如图5和6)诸如通过用上述欧洲专利申请(公开号EP0892627)中已经提及的方法按压而随后以下面这样的精度固定到植入板上时,在该实施例中由金属制成的半壳体279,281的关节面249(由部分球面形成)和植入板(未示出)的相应关节面都能够进行加工处理:即,所述的精度是需要的,以便经半壳体279,281的径向外边缘区的形状弹回性而使按压这些边缘区的表面达到所需的减小目的。
或者是对于图11a和11b所示的实施例,按照图11c所示的本发明的另一变型,支撑垫还可省略,而半壳体279,281的支撑可经硬化部件293’(例如对应于图11a的波纹管293)而专门发生。在这种变型中,硬化部件293’相对于图11a所示的位置径向向外偏移,即具有较大的直径。结果,半壳体279,281的支撑发生在中心区,在此处每个半壳体279,281在径向外边缘与分界环形半壳体279,281的中心通道273或中心开口的内边缘之间,都具有用于硬化部件293’的轴向环形突起,由此在这些径向内、外边缘区又避免了压力峰的出现。
在图12a和12b的实施例中,用PCU支撑垫仅形成植入核219,植入核219配有会聚在赤道面275上的双核形式的、与赤道面275对称的中心通道273。
植入核219具有两个其平坦侧面彼此相对的球截面形状,和位于这二者之间的圆柱形盘218。选择此圆柱形盘218的轴向高度,以便与植入核219的关节面249协作的植入板的部分球面(未示出)覆盖圆柱形盘218,即,在每个允许的关节面位置还具有足够大的悬垂。
由于形成植入核219的PCU材料不仅在轴向方向上,而且还在径向方向上具有比较高的弹性,因此负荷下发生压缩,由此关节面249的轴向外边缘区减小。关节面249的压力负荷在轴向外边缘区方向上的减小因此还与植入核219和植入板之间的曲率R0半径一致。
通过此处的双锥形状的中心通道273的形状,负荷下采用的压力分布还直接朝向径向内侧设定。
PCU植入核219的关节面249额外具有用来减小磨损的交联剂和/或涂料。在此过程中,通过较高的强度和/或通过较低的摩擦值,可达到磨损减小的目的。
以上参照图7-12解释的植入核219具有下列尺寸,在这方面还参照介绍部分。
环形支撑垫277的最小内径,即中心通道273在位于赤道面275上的最窄限制部的直径在图7、8和9的实例中大约为5mm,在图10的实例中大约为0.4mm,在图12的实例中大约为4mm。
中心通道273在半壳体279,281外侧或植入核219外侧的直径在图7和8的实例中大约为7.4mm,在图12的实例中大约为7.3mm。
限定出部分球面249的球截面中心之间的间距在图7、8和11的实例中大约为6mm,在图12的实例中大约为5mm。
中心通道273在半壳体279,281外侧的开放角度在图7和8的实例中大约为20°。
径向外环槽在半壳体279,281之间的轴向高度在图7、8和10的实例中大约为2mm。在图11的实例中,半壳体279,281之间的最小间距以及由此导致的支撑垫277(图11a和11b)的外环槽285的最大轴向宽度大约为2.6mm。
在图9的实例中,金属环289,291之间的轴向间距,即支撑垫277的轴向高度,大约为8mm,而中心通道273在金属环289,291外侧高度处的直径大约为6mm。金属环289,291的厚度大约为1mm。
在图10的实例中,环形中间层289,291的壁厚大约为1.7mm。中心通道273在支撑垫277的最大轴向高度处的直径,即中间环289,291的最小直径大约为6mm。
在图11a和11b中,硬化部件293的内径大约为6.7mm,而其壁厚也在图11c中,大约为0.5mm。
附图标记表
15,115植入板
17,117植入板
18,218中间盘
19,119,219植入核
20适配器部件的切口
41,41’穹形或桶形延伸件
42锚钉
43,43’导向突起、锤头件或定位突起
44孔
45植入板的凹槽
47,147凹槽或植入板的关节面
49,149,249植入核的关节面
51,151套管
53切口
55植入核的引入通道
57植入板的引入通道
59流线
61脊椎体
63弓形体
65边缘区
M球心
R关节面的半径
O零参比
α扭曲角度
H植入板的高度
B植入板的宽度
T植入板的深度
d穹形体的位置
h穹形体的高度
z弓形体的中心
w弓形体的高度
a锤头体的间距
f锤头体的高度
v切口的间距
167,267植入核的中心轴
169,269外环槽
171,271内环槽
173,273中心通道
M0,M1,M2中心
R0,R1,R2曲率半径
P接触线
T切线
ω角度
275赤道面
277支撑垫
279半壳体
281半壳体
283中间的空间
285支撑垫的外环槽
287支撑垫的凸缘截面
289中间层
291中间层
293,293’硬化部件
294环形突起
295凹槽、底切

Claims (47)

1.一种椎间盘植入体,具有在植入状态下接触预备椎间体表面的两个植入板,和能够引入所述植入板之间的植入核(219),
其特征在于,
所述植入核(219)由多个部分制成,且包括由至少一个内支撑垫(277)和围绕所述支撑垫(277)的至少一个壳体(279,281)构成的布置,所述壳体包括两个在轴向方向上彼此间隔开设置的半壳体(279,281)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述内支撑垫(277)和所述周围的壳体(279,281)构成的布置作为一个材料复合体制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述支撑垫(277)具有透镜式的基本形状。
4.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述支撑垫(277)和所述壳体(279,281)是由不同材料制成的,所述壳体(279,281)的材料比所述支撑垫(277)的材料坚硬。
5.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述壳体(279,281)在径向方向上突出到所述支撑垫(277)之外。
6.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,在所述壳体(279,281)与所述支撑垫(277)之间的径向外边缘区上,存在中间空间(283)。
7.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,由金属制成的中间层(289,291)设置在所述支撑垫(277)与所述壳体(279,281)之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述中间层(289,291)是作为伸入通道(273)的植入板套管的路界而形成的,所述通道(273)垂直于赤道面(275)延伸。
9.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,垂直于赤道面(275)延伸的植入核(219)的通道(273)具有在其长度上改变的截面面积,所述截面面积从所述赤道面(275)向外增大。
10.根据权利要求9所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述截面面积从所述赤道面向外恒定地增大。
11.根据权利要求9所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述通道(273)具有由所述支撑垫(277)的内壁界定出的限制部。
12.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述支撑垫(277)是环形的,在径向方向上测量的环的厚度在赤道面(275)上最大,并且在所有情况下随着距离赤道面(275)的轴向距离的增大而减小。
13.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述支撑垫(277)在轴向方向上的中心区硬化。
14.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述支撑垫(277)在径向方向上向内硬化。
15.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,配备单独的硬化部件(293),所述硬化部件(293)设置在垂直于赤道面(275)延伸的通道(273)中。
16.根据权利要求15所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述硬化部件具有环形或圆柱形基底形状。
17.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述支撑垫(277)注射成型到所述壳体(279,281)上,所述支撑垫(277)的材料具有比所述壳体(279,281)的材料高的熔点,以便在支撑垫(277)与所述壳体(279,281)之间形成通过注射成型而制造的材料复合体。
18.根据权利要求17所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述支撑垫(277)注射成型到形成所述壳体的两个半壳体(279,281)上。
19.根据权利要求7所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述支撑垫(277)注射成型到一由金属制成的中间层(289,291)上。
20.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述支撑垫(277)或与所述支撑垫(277)相连的、用金属制成的中间层(289,291),通过夹子、扣件或锁闩连接,与形成所述壳体的两个半壳体(279,281)相连。
21.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述植入核(19;119;219)具有透镜式基本形状。
22.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述植入核(19;119;219)具有至少两个球冠形状,所述球冠的平坦侧面彼此相对放置,而一个球冠的相应球心(11)位于另一个球冠之内。
23.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述植入核(19;119;219)具有至少两个其平坦侧面彼此面对的球冠形状,和位于这二者之间的圆柱形盘,一个球冠的相应球心(11)位于另一个球冠之内。
24.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述植入板(115,117)的关节面(147)每个都是具有恒定曲率半径R0的一部分凹球面,而植入核(119)的关节面(149)每个都是由多个具有不同曲率半径(R1,R2)的一部分球表面形成的。
25.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述植入核(119)相对于一个中心轴(167)是旋转对称的,并且所述植入核(119)的每个关节面(149)在通过中心轴(167)的截面上具有中心(M;M1,M2)和曲率半径(R1;R1,R2),所述曲率半径(R1;R1,R2)起始于所述中心(M;M1,M2),所述植入核(119)的每个关节面(149)的所述曲率半径小于所述植入板(115,117)的关节面(147)的曲率半径(R0);所述植入核(119)的每个关节面(149)的中心(M1;M1,M2)与中心轴(167)间隔开。
26.根据权利要求25所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,植入核(119)的关节面(149)在核赤道的方向上具有曲率半径R1,R1<R0,在核极的方向上具有曲率半径R2,R2<R0,其中,R0是植入板(115,117)的关节面(147)的曲率半径。
27.根据权利要求26所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,R1不等于R2。
28.根据权利要求26所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,当椎间盘植入体装配时,具有曲率半径R0、R1和R2的关节面(147,149)的中心M0、M1和M2共在一条直线上,所述直线与植入核(119)和植入板(115,117)之间的接触线P相交,且与植入核(119)的赤道面成一角度ω,所述角度在45°-75°的范围内。
29.根据权利要求28所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述角度至少为60°。
30.根据权利要求26所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,R0-6mm<R1<R0-1mm和/或R2≤R1,其中R0是植入板(115,117)的关节面(147)的曲率半径。
31.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,8mm<R0<18mm,其中R0是植入板(115,117)的关节面(147)的曲率半径。
32.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,植入核(119;219)在其赤道面区域上配有外环槽(169;269)和/或内环槽(171;271),这两个槽形成垂直于所述赤道面延伸的通道(173;273)的径向延伸。
33.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,植入核(119;219)具有垂直于赤道面延伸的通道(173;273),所述通道的纵轴与植入核(119)的中心轴(167;267)一致。
34.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述植入板(15,17)每个在其外侧都具有球冠形式的穹形延伸部(41),或桶形延伸部(41’)。
35.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述植入板(15,17)的外侧每个都向外突起有弓形体(63),植入板还具有在弓形体上升起的穹形延伸部或桶形延伸部(41;41’)。
36.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述植入板(15,17)的外侧都具有至少在植入板(15,17)的部分周边上延伸的平坦边缘区(65)。
37.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述植入板(15,17)每个在其外侧上都具有至少一个锤头形的导向突起(43),和/或棱锥形的定位突起(43’)。
38.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述植入板(15,17;115,117)每个在其内侧上都具有用于接受植入核(19;119;219)的凹槽(45),凹槽(45)的关节面每个都是一部分凹球面,植入核(19;119;219)的关节面(47,49;147,149;249)每个都是一部分球面。
39.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,至少一个植入板(15,17;115,117)具有套管(51;151),当装配植入体时,所述套管(51;151)从其内侧突起并伸入在植入核(19;119;219)外侧上形成的凹陷(53),凹陷(53)的尺寸大于套管(51;151)的尺寸,从而允许在植入板(15,17;115,117)与植入核(19;119;219)之间相对运动。
40.根据权利要求39所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述套管(51;151)在前后方向上相对于植入板的尺寸中心设置。
41.根据权利要求39所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,所述套管(51;151)在前后方向上相对于植入板的尺寸偏心设置。
42.根据权利要求39所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,植入核(19)在至少一个外侧上配有植入板(15,17)的套管(51)的引入通道(55),引入通道(55)从边缘延伸到凹陷(53)。
43.根据权利要求38所述的椎间盘植入体,其特征在于,至少一个植入板(15,17)在其内侧上配有植入核(19)的引入通道(57),引入通道(57)从边缘延伸到凹槽(45)。
44.一种椎间盘植入体的制造方法,所述植入体包括在植入状态下接触预备椎间体表面的两个植入板(15,17;115,117),和能够引入所述植入板(15,17;115,117)之间的植入核(19;119;219),并且包括至少一个内支撑垫(277)和至少一个围绕所述支撑垫(277)且由两个半壳体形成的壳体(279,281),所述支撑垫(277)用塑料注塑方法注射成型到所述壳体(279,281)上,或者在成品状态下注射成型到设置在所述支撑垫(277)与所述壳体(279,281)之间的中间层(289,291)上。
45.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其特征在于,选择待注射成型的支撑垫(277)的材料,以便在支撑垫(277)与壳体(279,281)之间制造具有比壳体(279,281)的材料高的熔点的材料复合体。
46.根据权利要求44或45所述的方法,其特征在于,所述中间层(289,291)是由金属制成的。
47.根据权利要求44或45所述的方法,其特征在于,在壳体(279,281)的内侧或中间层(289,291)上形成的凹槽或下切(295)在支撑垫(277)的注射成型的同时被注射成型而成。
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US20050261772A1 (en) 2005-11-24
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US8968407B2 (en) 2015-03-03
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