CN1658916A - 用于医用流体处理的设备 - Google Patents

用于医用流体处理的设备 Download PDF

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CN1658916A
CN1658916A CN03813103XA CN03813103A CN1658916A CN 1658916 A CN1658916 A CN 1658916A CN 03813103X A CN03813103X A CN 03813103XA CN 03813103 A CN03813103 A CN 03813103A CN 1658916 A CN1658916 A CN 1658916A
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box
equipment
chamber
passage
pump
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CN100553696C (zh
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J·贝登
U·哈曼
M·赫尔克洛茨
M·劳尔
J·曼克
P·朔伊纳特
M·维斯
A·邦格尔斯
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Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH
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    • A61M1/16Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于医用流体的设备,所述设备包括流体处理机和可插入于其中的盒,所述盒基本上由盒的刚性基体构成,盒的刚性基体具有适合的腔室和通道以及覆盖它们的箔片,其特征在于,致动器和传感器布置在该流体处理机中以操作具有被插入的盒的设备,从而可使盒以不同的整体形式被插入。

Description

用于医用流体处理的设备
本发明涉及用于医用流体处理的设备,所述设备包括流体处理机和可插入于其中的盒,所述盒基本上由盒的刚性基体构成,盒的刚性基体具有适合的腔室和通道以及覆盖它们的箔片。
相应的盒用在医学工程中,特别用于传输透析液、血液等。例如在DE 198 37 667、WO84/02473、WO98/22165或WO 00/33898中描述了这种类型的盒。
例如DE 198 37 667 A1中披露了一种盒,所述盒由盒的刚性基体构成,所述盒的刚性基体具有适合的腔室和通道并且所述盒的刚性基体由挠性箔片封闭以覆盖通道和腔室。已经描述了,所述盒被插入到例如透析器的专用接收腔室中。该腔室例如可通过可枢转的门被打开。所述盒可被插入到所述腔室中,其中挠性箔片与所述机器处的配合片相对,以使得所述盒可借助于所述机器侧部上的致动器和传感器被操纵。
尽管已概括地描述了这样的具有盒的设备,但是传统的体外血液管路或血液管道系统通常存在于差动构造中。这意味着对于不同的部件的存在功能划分。这样的部件,例如气泡收集器、流体腔或注射位置通过管道相互连接并且通常因此独立地与相应的透析器相连接。这种血液管道系统的设计在制造和处理上非常复杂,因此对于诸如在线血液透析滤过的更复杂的系统来说,完成相应的工作自然就极为耗时。
另一方面,被安装于该差动构造中的传统体外血液管路具有这样的优点,即,根据需要可将它们设计得对于各种处理更具有灵活性的形式。也就是说,先前已知的供所述盒使用的设备具有这样一个相关的问题,即,它们只能用于特定的应用中。
因此,本发明的目的是进一步开发一种通用设备,所述设备包括流体处理机和可插入于其中的盒以在保持快速且简单的可交换性的同时对于不同的应用可具有较大灵活性。
依照本发明,通过具有权利要求1的特征组合的设备可实现该目的。这里,致动器和传感器被布置在用于操作具有被插入的盒的设备的医用流体处理所用的通用设备中以使得盒可以不同的整体形状被插入。
由于明确地限定了相应的传感器和致动器的布置,根据期望的应用可将复杂程度不同的盒插入到流体处理机中。因此这里无需为不同的应用提供不同的设备。
因此,这里例如用于简单、标准血液透析的盒可被插入。相应的泵室、测量传感器以及诸如阀等的其他致动器被设置在所述流体处理机中的预定位置。其他的泵、致动器、阀等被设在所述流体处理机中,当所述盒用于标准血液透析时,这些辅助的泵、致动器、阀等无需被驱动。这些辅助的泵、致动器、阀等只有在所述盒用于在线血液透析滤过或在线血液滤过时才被使用,即,其他的通道、泵室等被设在与这些致动器、泵、阀等相关联的相应盒的相应位置处。此外,用于急性透析治疗的盒可被插入,其中设在所述流体处理机的侧部上的泵、致动器、阀与相应的泵室、通道等相关联。可根据所插入的盒选择相关的控制电子设备以控制泵、致动器、传感器等。
从属于主权利要求的从属权利要求2到16包含本发明的特别优选的特征。
从属权利要求17到25对本发明所涉及的用于插入到前述本发明设备中的盒进行了具体限定。
下面将借助于示例参照附图详细地描述本发明的详细内容和优点。在附图中:
图1:用于标准血液透析的盒的示意性平面图;
图2:依照本发明另一个实施例的本发明所涉及的用于在线血液透析滤过或在线血液滤过的盒的示意性平面图;
图3:本发明另一个实施例所涉及的用于急性治疗的盒的平面图;
图4:与图1所涉及的基本相同的本发明的另一个实施例的示意性平面图,但是具有集成透析器;
图5:与图2所涉及的基本相同的本发明的另一个实施例,但是具有集成透析器;
图6:与图3所涉及的基本相同的本发明的另一个实施例,但是具有集成透析器;
图7:作为本发明所涉及的设备的一个实施例的流体处理机的三维视图,其中没有被插入的盒;
图8:与图7相同的视图,但是具有插入的盒;
图9:与图7相对应的视图,但是具有不同于图8中所示的盒的一种盒的另一个实施例变型;
图10:本发明所涉及的设备中的排气单元的细节;
图11:前述实施例的一个变型所涉及的盒中的测量室的轮廓的详图;
图12:本发明所涉及的盒的泵室的局部截面图;以及
图13:穿过本发明的一个实施例变型所涉及的盒的通道的局部截面图。
图1中示出了本发明一个实施例变型所涉及的盒10,所述盒10可用在用于标准血液透析的该实施例中。在图1中,盒10的表面被分成为阴影线区B(两个局部区域)和非包围区域A。盒10的表面和相关的机体(参见图7)的表面都被分成为覆盖表面区域A和B,致动器或传感器的部件被连接在其上,所述部件作为基本变型对于所有盒是通用的,例如此处所示的被容纳于表面区域A(图1中没有阴影线的部分)中的用于标准血液透析的盒,并且其中表面B表示将被随意使用的致动器或传感器被设在机体(图7)中并且仅当需要时才被使用,例如在图2中所涉及的盒中。
所述盒由盒的基体12构成,在所示的实施例中所述基体由聚丙烯构成。这里未详细示出并且由例如聚烯烃橡胶混合物构成的覆盖箔片被施加在盒的基体上。稍后可更详细地看到的通道和凹槽被该覆盖箔片14覆盖。动脉注射隔膜16被设在通向透析器的动脉管路18中并且静脉注射隔膜20被设在通向透析器的静脉管路22中。在这里所示的实施例中没有详细示出透析器本身和相应的管连接。24表示来自于患者的血液入口而26表示通向患者的血液出口。为了简化,这里也没有示出同样由聚烯烃橡胶混合物构成的各个管路。通道28开槽在盒的基体12中。它们受到一排阀30的作用。
这些阀的设计例如来自于本申请人的德国专利申请DE 100 46651,在这里合并参考所述专利文献。这些阀30基本具有带有压力通道的阀体和密封罩,所述密封罩与阀体配合,以使得它相对于周围环境在阀体侧部上封闭压力通道的端部,其中可在压力通道与密封罩之间建立压力空间,从而使得密封罩具有用于进入到流体通道的可变形的密封区域,以便于依照需要封闭流体通道。
动脉测量室32和静脉测量室34也开槽在盒的基体12中。这些测量室的基本设计例如来自于图11,其中由箭头指示出流体,即,血液的流动方向。测量室32和34具有加宽的通道部分以使其可接收传感器36。测量室32和34的轮廓与诸如图11中所示的扩散器喷嘴的几何形状相对应。在喷嘴40中伸出的扩散器38被布置在流体的流入区域的区域中。与喷嘴40中变窄的截面相比较,扩散器38中加宽的截面较陡。以多功能传感器的形式制成的传感器36被布置在动脉测量室32或静脉测量室34的区域中。在本申请人的德国专利申请DE 198 37 667 A1中极为详尽地描述了这些多功能传感器的设计。在这里合并参考所述专利文献的所有内容。
动脉口42和肝素口44被设在盒处,在每种情况中每个动脉口42和肝素口44都通过幻象阀(phantom valve)46经由相应的通道与运载动脉血的通道相连接。根据本发明在盒10中取代传统的打开T-支管使用幻象阀46。在这些幻象阀中,在主血液流动时通道壁不会被切断。这些幻象阀的详细设计来自于同一个申请人的德国专利申请DE 100 53441,在这里合并参考所述专利文献。48表示静脉口,所述静脉口48同样经由幻象阀46通向血液运载通道28,这里静脉口48处于血液运载通道的静脉部分中。
50表示两个泵室,所述泵室50用于血液的泵送。泵室50的设计如图12中详细示出的。通过设在机器侧部的隔膜泵驱动的泵室50具有用于总腔室的均匀流量的切向入口和出口,如图1中已示出的。通过相应成形的盒的基体12预定泵室50的形状,并且泵室50的形状可近似描述为球形。在周边处,盒的基体具有围绕泵室50的凸边52,所述凸边52用作止动条。另外,如图12中所示的,球形部分的周边被设定得略低以使得在压紧阶段,即,在覆盖箔片14朝向盒的基体12移动的阶段,形成了齐平边缘或齐平通道54。齐平边缘或齐平通道54最好被这样制成,其中图12中未示出的机器侧部处的球形泵表面具有小于盒侧部处的泵室半径的半径。图12中示出了半径差Δr。从而形成了较宽的齐平边缘或齐平通道54。该齐平边缘或齐平通道54是用于在极端压紧位置中的泵送血液的环形空间。一方面,该自由的环形空间避免血液由于在压紧阶段结束之前被俘获在箔片表面与注射模制表面之间而损耗,另一方面,如果没有提供自由环形空间的话,由于高流速和启动阶段开始时产生的剪切应变会导致血液损耗。
在安装状态下,盒的上部区域中形成有排气室56,图10中以截面图的形式示出了所述排气室56。排气隔膜58被布置在该排气室中,由于排气隔膜58被制成为局部渗透性的隔膜,所述隔膜最好具有疏水性或疏油性,因此所收集的空气可通过所述排气隔膜58被分离。膨胀的或烧结的聚四氟乙烯最好可用作排气隔膜。排气短管60被布置在排气隔膜58上方并且稍后将描述其与流体处理机(这里未详细示出)的合作。
气泡通过血流的减速被俘获在排气室56中。如图10中所示的,产生旋流以对于盒10上的最小面积要求有效地进行空气分离。在该过程中,最终的旋流产生仅出现在流体处理机100中的盒10的操作状态下(参见图10)。盒10的覆盖箔片14被相应的真空连接系统拉到流体处理机中,图10中仅示出了真空连接系统中的一个真空抽吸通道102。从而形成了排气腔室56的基本上为圆形的横截面。血液旋流在这些方面被支持,即,开口在排气腔室56中的通道及其覆盖箔片14略微延伸到机器侧部以在腔室内实现基本上切向的流入。有效抽吸在排气短管60处可发生在机器侧部。由于浓度而在这里整个排气腔室56中出现低充填量。
可参照图13说明通道28的基本设计。通常,对于通道28的通道设计,应该注意的是,提供光滑的箔片表面和光滑的通道表面。避免台阶、死区、紊流和冲击表面。实现低的方向和速度变化。尽量避免流动分离。所有通道28以及腔室50具有边条52(参见图12),边条52伴随着通道并且面对覆盖箔片14。在盒14插入在流体处理机100中时,箔片14被压在边条52上以使所有的通道28相对于环境密封。在盒的后部,即,在通道壁的外侧,形成连接板62,连接板62伴随着通道并且后压力通过连接板62被引导到边条52,从而能够实现作用力的均匀线性分配。
从图13中可以看出,盒的基体12在外边缘64处被焊接到覆盖箔片14上。
盒10具有作为定位辅助元件的开槽定心叉66,在插入时开槽定心叉66接收机器侧部上的定心销。止动突出部68另外被模制在盒上,在插入后,止动突出部68与相应的机器表面接触。因此,盒10在高度和角度方面被引导。当将盒10压入流体处理机100中时,与流体处理机的闩锁发生在这里未详细示出的咬合元件上以使盒10以一种对准的方式被固定。该盒在与定心叉66相对设置的一侧具有模制手柄70以简化操控。
在这里所示的实施例中,在不同于常规注射位置处设置动脉注射隔膜16或者静脉注射隔膜20以使它们的基体是由盒本身的基体12形成的,从而在这里仅弹性隔膜被咬合环(这里未详细示出)固定。在这里所示的实施例中,隔膜由弹性体构成。
图4示出了图1所示的盒的一个改进实施例。图4中所示的该盒10也用于标准血液透析并且主要示出了与图1所示的盒10相同的设计。为此,对于已经描述的盒10的部件的详细说明是多余的。但是,代替图1中所示的实施例中的手柄70,透析器72被集成在盒10的一侧上,并且管线18和22直接通向透析器中的透析器开口。透析器处的可具有常规设计的透析液连接由74和76表示。
图2中示出了被设计为在线血液透析滤过盒的盒10。从不同元件的布置中可以明显看出,盒的基体12源于诸如参照标准血液透析的实施例已经在图1描述的盒的基体。从该构造中得知的所有元件以相同的方式设置在用于在线血液透析滤过的参见图2的实施例变型中。为此,不再对它们进行附加的说明。但是,将对在线血液透析滤过的操作所需的那些部件进行说明。这包括替换液连接器80,替换液流体经替换液连接器80被供给到通道28中。替换液通道阀82设置在通道中并且通道28通过这些部件在适合的位置处被封闭。替换液流体通过通道被引导到两个并行的形成替换液泵室的泵室84中。替换液泵室84基本上与前面已经详细描述的用于血液50的泵室。从通道28开始,替换液流体通过设置在盒的基体12的相对一侧上的替换液隧道86被引导。例如通过焊接的箔片使得替换液隧道在后侧被适当地封闭。替换液流体86可通过稀释前端口88或者通过稀释后端口90被引导到输送血液的通道28中。端口在这里也可被制成幻象阀,这里同样参见德国专利申请DE 10053 441所涉及的结构设计。
基本上由替换液泵室84构成的替换液区域被替换液焊边92包围以使盒10中处理替换液的该区域与血液输送区域分离,覆盖箔片14密封地焊接在替换液焊边92上。
在图5中,示出了图2中所示的实施例变型的改进形式。这里,透析器72同样以与图4所示的实施例变型的类似形式被直接集成在盒10中。
在图3中,用于急性处理的盒10作为盒的另一个集成实施例被示出。其在血液处理部分的设计与图1中所示的实施例变型相同。对于替换液部分,它部分地与图2中所示的实施例相同,这里仅提供了一个替换液泵室84,替换液泵室84被供给通过替换液连接器80和通道28供给的替换液流体。以与图2所示的实施例变型的类似形式,替换液通道阀82被设置在替换液泵室84之前或者之后。在用于急性处理的本实施例变型中用94表示的其他泵室通过通道28与过滤出口96相连并且开口在与这里未详细示出的透析器相连的过滤连接98中。
在图6中,示出了图3中所示的盒10的改进的实施例变型。这里,透析器72又被集成以替代手柄,在这里连接部件99被设置在透析器72和输送滤出液和通向滤出液泵94的通道28之间。
在图7中,示出了没有被插入的盒10的流体处理机100的一个实施例。流体处理机100是这样设计的,即,使上述所有的盒可被插入,并且例如在插入图1中所示的实施例变型的盒后,利用相应的程序选择执行基本体外血液回路,即,使用外部透析器的标准透析。当使用图2的实施例所涉及的盒时,例如可通过基本单元的流体回路的自动连接部件(未示出)利用为此目的所需的部件实现在线血液透析滤过或者在线血液滤过。具有集成透析器和自动透析器连接部件的高度集成变型也是可能的,诸如利用图4和图5所示的实施例变型中的盒表示的。当根据图3的实施例使用盒10时,急性透析处理是可能的。
流体处理机100主要由包围和/或包括或者接收最重要的部件的框架104构成。一方面门106安装在框架104上,另一方面机体108在框架中被引导。利用框架104,即门铰链、门闩锁、压制动器和后壁使得在门106和该单元内部之间产生的所有作用力被吸收。框架还包含门110的闩锁。盒10被接收在门106和机体108之间,如图8和图9中所示,并且通过施压使其被密封。传感器系统元件被包含在机器的盒区域中并且它们检测盒是否正确地位于流体处理机中。这些或者其他传感器系统元件可被这样设计,即,使它们适于识别盒类型(例如,利用盒上的条形码)。
用于体外血液回路的控制和监测的重要元件,诸如泵、阀和传感器系统等被包含在机体108中。该机体108建立了盒10的最重要界面。盒界面与这里的单元和盒10的密封相连,从而由此实现流动路径的固定。如上所述,机体以可移动的形式在框架中被引导并且固定盒10,直至门被关闭。
液压活塞泵被包含在流体处理机中,这里在图7、8和9中未被详细示出。一方面,它们是血液泵或者任意替换液供给泵或者超滤液泵。它们液压地与泵室C、D相连,即与血液泵室相连,或者E、F相连,即,可选择地与任意滤液泵室和/或任意替换液泵室相连。另外,这里未详细示出的用于产生所需气动压力(过压或者真空)的压缩机被包含在流体处理机100中。流体处理机100还以一种未详细示出的方式具有用于补偿压力波动的气动缓冲器容器、主电子设备盒、肝素注射泵和血压监测模块。
同样未详细示出的在框架104后壁上的加压致动器系统必须在这里被强调。这里装有可膨胀的气垫,可膨胀的气垫可移动整个机体108,机体108以可移动的方式被支撑在框架104中,并且可膨胀的气垫将机体108压靠在关闭的门106上。
另外,代替各个输送空气的管,空气分配板被设置在机架108处,空气分配板包含用于气动部件的主连接件并且空气分配板在没有任何实质管的情况下使得压缩空气和真空通过装在其中的通道被引导到阀和致动器中,并且它们相对于流体处理机100内部同时终止于机体。
任意模块可被提供在流体处理机100中以执行在线血液透析滤过。例如,这里可包含用于使盒10与透析液回路自动连接的在线供给端口或者用于使冲洗溶液回流的在线冲洗端口。
在盒10插入时门106必须被打开。盒10被插入,并且在定心叉定位后,利用咬合钩使得盒10被固定在机体的表面上的盒上。
机体中面对盒的一侧衬有这里未详细示出的软橡胶体垫,软橡胶体垫用于在加压后密封盒10。同一申请人的德国专利申请101 57 924中已经给出了对这种橡胶体垫的详细描述,该专利文献的全部内容在这里合并参考。
在关闭和锁定门后,通过使上述气垫膨胀来进行加压。在打开和移除盒后,在打开门之前放掉气垫中的空气再次消除加压。
为了实现充分加压和防止由于作用力的不平均施加而使得机体倾斜,气垫的尺寸接近机体或者盒10的尺寸。
但是,由于其他部件,例如,控制阀或者具有控制阀的空气分配器板现被设置在气垫和机体之间,因此利用垫片螺栓实现作用力的传递。
利用框架和后壁之间的门铰链、这里未详细示出的闩锁110和连接螺栓实现门106、框架104和后壁之间的牵引。
如上所述,必须利用适当的操作实现盒10的恒定施压。为此,在处理过程中必须使门被锁定。利用在门的右上区域和右下区域的两个闩锁螺栓(这里未详细示出)实现这种锁定,并且在操作时这些闩锁螺栓移动到门106内的两个相应的孔中,它们的锁定是同时进行的。以气动的方式实现闩锁螺栓的移进和移出。利用移动到门中的螺栓和由于门的压力载荷产生的横向作用力来消除由于气动设备失效而导致门被错误打开。为了检查闩锁是否已经进行,可设置霍尔近程式传感器以检测螺栓的移动。另外,该信号可被链接到可由独立传感器拾取的关于门位置的信息。另外,这里未详细示出的闩锁螺栓可具有闩锁连接件。该闩锁连接件包括在门侧上的弹簧加载闩锁球,弹簧加载闩锁球可闩锁在闩锁螺栓的相应的拱中并且可使门保持在相应的位置。提供导入斜坡以简化闩锁。为了从闩锁位置打开门,可利用机械系统拉回这里所提供的闩锁球。
在流体处理机100的一侧,血液回路基本上包括至少一个液压控制隔膜泵、用于控制流动路径的一排阀M、O和夹具N、监测和控制所需的高度集成传感器系统G、H、主动式抽气机,即血液回路(无空气回路)的具有连接的盒排气口A的空气分离腔I以及固定盒的门106,液压控制隔膜泵具有两个独立的泵室C和D,液压控制隔膜泵可用作高精度流体泵或者用作体积测量单元。
流体处理机100分别包括用于过压的气动系统和用于负压的气动系统。负压例如用于在盒10的箔片14和单元侧之间施加负压以防止由于箔片塑性变形而出现通道限制、在供给位置处提升箔片从而能够保持入口通畅、避免泵装置中的空气顺从性并且能够在特定的传感器位置处保证传感器和箔片之间的无空气连接。抽气需要在单元侧中的开口和与其相连的抽吸单元,即真空泵,其中在整个表面上的真空分布应该被保证是尽可能均匀和可靠的。在无载状态下,所述开口应该至少基本上关闭以在这里保持良好的清洁。但是在操作时,应该实现无问题的空气抽吸。该问题可由在德国专利申请101 57 924中所披露的上述弹性体垫来解决。
在盒10中,不包含通道密封件,边缘区域和一些安全焊接连接件除外。因此,必须利用加压来实现所有流动路径和通道的密封。为此,盒具有前面已经描述过的在通道边缘上的焊缝52,并且焊缝52在通过压入到弹性体垫中使得机体108和门106之间的任意处理部件加压后是可密封的。
这里未详细示出的空气分配器板位于机体108的后侧上并且例如与气动系统的两个隔膜泵,即过压泵和负压泵相连。利用密封垫使得空气分配器板相对于机体后侧被密封并且允许压缩空气和真空通过集成通道结构供给以使每一个阀无需其自身的管。多个回路存在于空气分配器板上,即,真空回路、与压缩机直接相连以为总需要压缩空气的部件提供压缩空气的压缩空气回路、用于保护可能仅在特定状态下充填压缩空气的敏感性部件的压缩空气回路和排气回路,也可利用开/关阀使压缩空气回路与压缩机分离。
通过在空气分配器板上设置多个控制阀,也可通过小控制板聚集电供给源。由于多个阀仅需要具有特定的选择,因此必须确保模块式更新能力。
传感器系统和泵连接件通过板被引导穿过孔和缺口。
体外血液回路的监测和控制需要聚集在所述的流体处理机100中的集成传感器模块中的传感器。两个独立的模块作为一对共同工作。一个模块被装在门106中,而另一个模块在机体108中。应该利用动脉测量腔室G监测动脉分支,以及利用静脉测量腔室H监测静脉分支。集成测量传感器系统在同一申请人的德国专利申请DE 198 37 667A和DE101 43 137中被详细描述。传感器都具有下列性能或者提供下列可能性:
-血液体积的测量和监测;
-血流比容的测量;
-热能平衡的测量和监测;
-温度的测量和监测;
-瘘管(具有循环)的条件的测量
-空气检测;
-瘘管压力测量。
多传感器模块通常装有用于体积监测、血流比容测量和空气检测的超声波传感器、用于自动访问分析、体温监测和热能平衡的温度传感器、用于压力监测的压力传感器和用于血液自动检测的光传感器。
关于阀M和泵阀O及其设计将再次参考DE 100 46 651。
除了图7中所示的上述阀以外,还存在图7中未详细示出的所谓幻象阀。关于幻象阀的设计和功能参见DE 100 53 441。
N表示用于在体外血液回路中的一个警报过程中实现安全状态的安全夹具,它们中断患者管线从而中断血液从患者流出或者流到患者。为了避免不希望的顺从效应,并且由于该系统是为逆流设计的,该安全性功能必须在动脉侧和静脉侧被确保以使两个阻断夹具N被使用,两个阻断夹具N可被机械连接。
阻断夹具应该尽可能靠近患者起作用以能够使得干涉最小化和满足高安全性要求。为此,使用直接作用在患者管上的管夹具。
这里所提供的一个可行的实施例包括利用可重新接合的气动打开夹紧滑块使管相对于门内侧的夹紧轨夹紧管。这样一种系统是主动弹簧闭合的,即,没有压力和没有电流,因此它在安全性失效的情况下是具有优势的。
在图8中示出了与图7中相对应的具有图2所示的插入盒10的流体处理机100。相反,在图9中示出了具有图5所示的实施例变型所涉及的插入盒10的流体处理机100,这里盒中的透析器具有与流体处理机100相连的自动透析液连接件K和L。
这里所示的新的设备遵循精确模块式手段,同时相对于将来的部属可能性和选择实现高的灵活性和部属可能性。集成血液模块能够实现血液处理程序的整个范围,即,标准血液透析、在线血液透析滤过、在线血液滤过以及急性处理。
对于急性处理,需要说明的是,用于急性处理(即,急性透析或者急性滤过)的机器必须具有简单的设计以能够相应容易地运输并且能够在没有复杂供给结构的情况下工作。因此,在该系统中,除了具有预先制造的溶液的袋以外,进行实际工作。利用图3至图6中所示的实施例,可容易地实现急性透析滤过,其中由袋供给替换液并且利用所示的泵使得透析液从过滤器移动到空袋中。除了袋的连接以外,在该情况下无需其他的装置。但是自然能够利用相应的努力附加进行透析。另外,替换液泵或者可用作透析液供给泵,如果盒内的连接件能够相应地改变。接着,充填到袋中的透析流体通过隔膜泵以平衡的方式被供给到过滤器中,而流体以一种可控制的方式通过过滤泵被放出。在这样一种机器中,对流体控制无需其他部件。
这些处理类型的每一种可以两针或者一针模式实现。对于两针或者一针模式的描述参见德国专利申请DE 100 42 324 C1。
一系列新的开发被包含在这里所示的本发明中,诸如泵室的革命性设计和在机器侧的相关球形表面和空气分离腔室。声明独立地对在本发明框架内用于血液处理的这些部件或者盒或者机器进行保护,这不会与盒或者机器的其他元件相互作用。

Claims (28)

1.一种用于医用流体的设备,所述设备包括流体处理机和可插入于其中的盒,所述盒基本上由盒的刚性基体构成,盒的刚性基体具有适合的腔室和通道以及覆盖它们的箔片,其特征在于,致动器和传感器布置在该流体处理机中以操作具有被插入的盒的设备,从而可使盒以不同的整体形式被插入。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述盒被制成可抛弃型的(一次性的盒)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的设备,其特征在于,所述盒可用于不同的应用目的。
4.如权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,所述应用目的是标准血液透析、在线血液透析滤过或者在线血液滤过或者急性处理。
5.如上述任何一项权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,所述盒在盒的刚性基体的侧部具有模制手柄。
6.如权利要求5所述的设备,其特征在于,透析器被装在盒的刚性基体的侧部,并且它同时形成手柄。
7.如权利要求1至6中任何一项权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,流体处理机具有框架,门安装在框架上并且机体在框架中被引导,门和机体相互之间对准以使盒可以一种密封的方式被接收在它们之前。
8.如权利要求7所述的设备,其特征在于,机体在框架中以可移动的方式被引导,它可在关闭的门的方向上移动以利用包括气垫的加压致动器系统使得盒被密封接收。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的设备,其特征在于,具有集成通道的空气分配器板毗连机体并且压缩空气和/或真空可通过其从相应的气动连接件被引导到机体中的致动器和阀。
10.如权利要求1至9中任何一项权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,在盒中开有至少一个定心凹槽,所述定心凹槽接合在位于框架侧的至少一个突起中;和/或提供至少一个止动装置,例如咬合钩,利用所述止动装置可使盒被固定在机体的表面上。
11.如权利要求1至10中任何一项权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,门在其关闭后可被闩锁在框架上,可利用传感器监测闩锁状态。
12.如权利要求1至11中任何一项权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,弹性体垫布置在盒和机体之间。
13.如权利要求12所述的设备,其特征在于,弹性体垫具有用于被提供的泵室的凹槽,例如和沿着盒的液体输送通道延伸的垫通道。
14.如权利要求1至13中任何一项权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,传感器模块基本上集成在液体处理机中以确定待处理的医用液体的参数,传感器模块是成对设置的并且该对的一部分安装在机体中,另一部分在门中。
15.如权利要求1至14中任何一项权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,排气单元装在液体处理机中,排气单元可与集成在盒中的气体渗透隔膜相连。
16.如上述任何一项权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,机体和合的表面在每一种情况下被分成多个表面区域(A、B),需要连接的致动器或者传感器的部件被装在一个表面上,这些部件作为基本变型对于所有盒是通用的并且其他表面被包含,其中可任意使用的致动器或者传感器布置在这些表面上。
17.一种用于如权利要求1至16中任何一项权利要求所述的设备中的盒,其特征在于,它具有至少一个,最好两个泵室、至少一个测量腔室、排气室、集成通道和多个端口。
18.如权利要求17所述的盒,其特征在于,所述盒的基体包括聚丙烯。
19.如上述任何一项权利要求所述的盒,其特征在于,覆盖箔片包括聚烯烃弹性体混合物。
20.如上述任何一项权利要求所述的盒,其特征在于,一方面利用盒的基体中的模制件而另一方面利用可被抽吸到为此在机器侧处而提供的凹槽中的覆盖箔片形成排气腔室。
21.一种用于如权利要求17至20中任何一项权利要求所述的盒,其特征在于,所述至少一个泵室具有基本上为切向的入口和出口。
22.如权利要求21所述的盒,其特征在于,至少一个泵室基本上具有球形截面的形状并且形成支撑条以使冲洗通道形成在盒的基体的上边缘和在压紧阶段的覆盖箔片之间。
23.如权利要求22所述的盒,其特征在于,在机器侧部的球形表面与在盒侧处的泵室相比具有较小的半径,以形成冲洗通道,冲洗通道的宽度等于泵的球形表面和泵室之间的半径差的宽度。
24.一种用于如权利要求17至23中任何一项权利要求所述的盒,其特征在于,至少一个测量腔室具有扩散器喷嘴的形状。
25.一种用于如权利要求17至24中任何一项权利要求所述的盒,其特征在于,所有通道和腔室的侧面都具有面对覆盖箔片的边缘条,并且伴随通道的可选择的连接板形成在通道的后侧以及可通过它们实现线性加压作用力分布。
26.一种用于如权利要求17至25中任何一项权利要求所述的盒,其特征在于,盒的基体在外部边缘处被焊接到覆盖箔片上,并且在盒中的一个可选择的替换液输送区域被焊缝8包围。
27.如上述任何一项权利要求所述的盒,其特征在于,它可以双针或者单针操作方式工作。
28.一种包括上述任何一项权利要求所述的盒的盒组件,其特征在于,盒组件包括用于标准血液透析、在线血液透析滤过或者在线血液滤过或者急性处理的应用目的的盒。
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CN102245227A (zh) * 2008-12-12 2011-11-16 弗雷森纽斯医疗护理德国有限责任公司 用于处理药液的装置和用于检查所述装置的密封性的方法
CN102438676A (zh) * 2009-04-23 2012-05-02 费森尼斯医疗德国公司 外部功能性装置、容置本发明外部功能性装置的血液治疗设备及方法
CN102458506A (zh) * 2009-04-23 2012-05-16 费森尼斯医疗德国公司 用以连接至少二个流体输送医疗技术系统的连接装置与方法,及医疗技术设备
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