CN1629536A - 使用近白色发光二极管产生无杂色白光的方法和装置 - Google Patents

使用近白色发光二极管产生无杂色白光的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1629536A
CN1629536A CNA200410101333XA CN200410101333A CN1629536A CN 1629536 A CN1629536 A CN 1629536A CN A200410101333X A CNA200410101333X A CN A200410101333XA CN 200410101333 A CN200410101333 A CN 200410101333A CN 1629536 A CN1629536 A CN 1629536A
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emitting diode
white
white light
led
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CN100541837C (zh
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李苏义
伍启元
李孟维
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Yuanxin Optoelectronics Co ltd
Epistar Corp
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种使用近白色发光二极管(LED)产生无杂色白光的方法和装置。白光发射设备并非仅利用纯白色LED的白光发射设备,而是以某种方式排列那些显现出近白色的LED,使得从这些近白色LED中发出的光的组合产生人眼看来基本上是纯白色的辐射。

Description

使用近白色发光二极管产生无杂色白光的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于使用近白色(off-white)发光二极管(LED)产生无杂色(untainted)白光的方法和装置。更具体地说,本发明涉及将来自互补LED的不同色调(hue)的白光组合起来,以产生更“纯”的白光的方法。
背景技术
白色LED耦合了两种发光材料。第一种是由当电流流过时能够发出辐射(即“初始辐射”)的半导体材料制成的蓝色发光二极管。第二种是黄色的荧光或发光波长转换材料,该材料吸收了部分的初始辐射,并且发出与初始辐射不同波长的光(即“二次辐射”)。合成的光是二次辐射与初始辐射中未经转换部分的组合。在白色LED中,二极管发射初始辐射的蓝光,并且波长转换材料发射二次辐射的黄光。
在白色LED中,一种希望得到的合成辐射是无杂色的白光。存在很多不同类型的白光,例如偏蓝的白色,也称为冷白色,以及偏黄的白色,也称为暖白色。在需要日光的等同者,例如用于图像捕获设备的闪光灯的情况下,希望得到“纯”白光,即无杂色的白光。“纯”白光已经被量化。图1是1931 CIE(Commission International d’Elchairge,国际照明协会)的色度图。虚线110代表黑体曲线。来自黑体的辐射的颜色仅仅取决于其温度。在照明工业中,通常利用与其相关联的色温来指定白色。点100是“纯”的、无杂色的白光,并且与其相关联的色温是6500开尔文。顺便提一句,点100的白光也就是国家电视系统委员会(National TelevisionSystem Committee)的参考白色。点100是诸如图像捕获设备一类的白光发射设备所希望得到的色调。
大多数白色LED都采用诸如掺铈的钇铝石榴石(YAG:Ce)一类的普通黄色荧光剂作为波长转换材料。为了利用这种荧光剂获得无杂色的白光,蓝色的初始辐射通常具有落在465和470纳米之间的波长。如果初始辐射的蓝光过于偏绿(即大于470纳米),则合成的白光将是略带绿色的。如果初始辐射的蓝光过于偏紫(即小于465纳米),则合成的白光将是略带紫色的。这两种有杂色的白色色调都是人眼能够察觉的,并且都被称为“不纯”的白色。这些有杂色的色调具有远离图1中黑体曲线位置上的颜色坐标。如果将这些不纯的白光中的任一种用在图像捕获设备的闪光灯中,那么所得到的图像也将是有杂色的。
尽管具有受控的工艺,但是由外延半导体生长工艺所制造的蓝色半导体材料所发射的蓝光的颜色通常在460到480纳米的范围内变化。因此,在由该过程所制造的可获得的蓝色半导体材料中只有大约25%可以用在“纯”白色LED的二极管中。剩余的75%所发射的蓝光或者过于偏绿,或者过于偏紫,因而无法用于此目的。因此“纯”白色LED的生产成本是非常高的。
因此,在工业中存在对以一种经济上更可行的方式产生来自LED的无杂色白光的方法或装置的需求。本发明针对该问题,提出了一种独特的、新颖的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种利用近白色发光二极管(LED)的白光发射设备。所述白光发射设备没有局限于仅仅使用纯白色的LED,而是以某种方式排列那些显现出近白色的LED,使得从这些近白色LED中发出的光的组合产生人眼看来基本上是纯白色的辐射。
附图说明
在附图中,示例性而非限制性地示出了本发明,并且在附图中,相似的标号指代相似的元件,在附图中:
图1是1931 CIE(国际照明协会)色度图的表示。
图2A示出了用于划分蓝色二极管、用它们装配白色LED并排列LED使其合成光为“纯”白光的过程的流程图;
图2B示出了用于划分近白色LED并且排列LED使其合成光为“纯”白光的过程的流程图;
图3A是在基板(substrate)上的白色LED的1×3阵列的顶视图;
图3B是在基板上的白色LED的1×3阵列的侧视图;
图4A是在基板上的白色LED的2×2阵列的顶视图;
图4B是在基板上的白色LED的2×2阵列的侧视图;
图5A是在基板上的腔(cavity)中的白色LED阵列的顶视图;
图5B是在基板上的腔中的白色LED阵列的侧视图;
图6是本发明的示例性实施例——图像捕获设备的表示。在这种情况下,所述图像捕获设备是其上具有照相机的蜂窝电话,用于该图像捕获设备的闪光灯是如图3A和图3B所示的1×3的LED。
具体实施方式
在附图中,示例性而非限制性地示出了本发明,并且在附图中,相似的标号指代相似的元件,其中:
在色度图(图1)上可以示出将LED中的初始辐射和二次辐射组合起来的结果。在代表初始辐射的颜色和二次辐射的颜色的坐标点之间绘制了一条线段,在这种情况下,初始辐射和二次辐射的颜色分别是蓝色和黄色。合成光具有位于该线段上的颜色坐标点。点“B”是蓝光。点“Y”是黄光。“纯”白光的颜色坐标点位于线段B-Y上,在黑体曲线的附近。点“GB”是偏绿的蓝光。点“GW”,或偏绿的白光位于线段GB-Y上。点“PB”是偏紫的蓝光。点“PW”,或偏紫的白光位于线段PB-Y上。
在本发明的一个实施例中,对LED进行选择,从而将具有在黑体曲线一侧的颜色坐标的一个LED排列在与具有在黑体曲线另一侧的颜色坐标的另一个LED靠近的位置上。合成的颜色位于连接这两个颜色坐标的直线的轨迹上,并且因此更加靠近黑体曲线。可以适当地排列偏绿的白色LED和偏紫的白色LED,以产生眼睛看起来基本上是白色的辐射。
在本发明的一个实施例中,使用具有480纳米颜色的蓝色二极管来制造偏绿的白色LED,并且使用具有460纳米颜色的蓝色二极管来制造偏紫的白色LED。在另一个实施例中,使用具有475纳米颜色的蓝色二极管来制造偏绿的白色LED,并且使用具有465纳米颜色的蓝色二极管来制造偏紫的白色LED。
这样一来,可以使用的蓝色二极管的范围大于5纳米。因此,提高了蓝色二极管的利用率,并且降低了生产成本。
参考图1,色度图上任意两点的组合的颜色坐标都位于连接这两点的线段上。因此,点100位于线段GW-PW上黑体曲线的邻近区域中,并且基本上是“纯”白光。通过适当地选择偏绿的白光和偏紫的白光之间的比例,从而产生在点100上的、靠近黑体曲线或在黑体曲线上的白光。
图2A示出了根据蓝色二极管所发射的光的波长来分类蓝色二极管的系统。使用被划分的蓝色二极管来装配白色LED。然后将所述LED排列在设备上,使得它们的合成光是无杂色的白光。因此,可以使用通过传统的工艺生产出的100%的蓝色半导体材料来制造白色LED。依赖于每个蓝色二极管的蓝光的波长,将蓝色二极管划分为三组:PB、B和GB。组PB由偏紫的蓝色二极管组成,所述偏紫的蓝色二极管所发射的光的波长在460到465纳米的范围内。组B由蓝色二极管组成,所述蓝色二极管所发射的光的波长在465到470纳米的范围内。组GB由偏绿的蓝色二极管组成,所述偏绿的蓝色二极管所发射的光的波长在470到480纳米的范围内。
图2B示出了另一个系统,该系统对用于创建“纯”白光的近白色和白色LED进行分类。这样一来,可以使用通过传统的工艺生产出的100%的蓝色半导体材料来制造白色LED。依赖于每个LED的白色合成光的颜色坐标,白色LED被划分为三组:PW、W和GW。组PW由偏紫的白色LED组成,所述偏紫的白色LED是用发射的光的波长在460到465纳米的范围内的二极管来制造的。组W由“纯”白色LED组成,所述“纯”白色LED是用发射的光的波长在465到470纳米的范围内的二极管来制造的。组GW由偏绿的白色LED组成,所述偏绿的白色LED是用发射的光的波长在470到480纳米的范围内的二极管来制造的。
图3A和图3B示出了从每组选出一个的三个白色LED的可能排列。阵列300是1×3的矩阵。在优选的实施例中,LED 310来自组GW,LED320来自组PW,并且LED 330来自组W(见图2B)。如色度图上示出的,这三个LED的光的组合是纯白光。实验表明,LED 310、320和330的实际排列无关紧要,任意排列的合成光都是纯白光。
在图3A和图3B中,二极管与具有导电迹线(未示出)的基板302耦合在一起。从LED端子的一端到所述基板上的导电迹线制作出接线(bond wire)304。在二极管上覆盖了一层密封剂和荧光剂的混合物306。
图4A和图4B示出了被排列成2×2矩阵的四个白色LED的阵列400。在优选的实施例中,LED 410和420来自组GW,而LED 430和44来自组PW(见图2B)。在优选的实施例中,如图4A和图4B所示,将LED 410和430排列在第一行,而LED 420和440排列在第二行。实验表明,LED 410、420、430和440的实际排列无关紧要,这四个LED的任意排列的合成光都是纯白光。
在图4A和图4B中,LED的二极管与具有导电迹线(未示出)的基板402耦合在一起。从LED端子的一端到所述基板上的导电迹线制作了接线404。在二极管上覆盖了一层密封剂和荧光剂的混合物406。
图5A和图5B示出了另一个优选的实施例,其中二极管被放置在基板中的腔中。这些腔充当反射器,将光聚集起来,并引导其向希望的方向发出。所述腔还充当容器,从而可以在其中首先填充上密封剂/荧光剂混合物,并将二极管夹在所述混合物与只包含密封剂的透镜之间。放置在二极管上的辅助光学透镜有利于进一步控制和加强光的辐射模式。在优选的实施例中,使用了菲涅尔透镜。
优选地,密封剂是环氧材料,但是通常诸如热塑性材料和热固性材料之类的聚合物也是合适的。也可以使用硅酮或玻璃。优选地,利用注入或传递成型(transfer molding)来产生密封剂。也可以使用浇注(casting)工艺。或者,所述密封剂可以是放置在二极管上的管帽(cap)。
在图5A和图5B中,二极管与具有导电迹线(未示出)的基板502耦合在一起。所述基板具有充当反射器的腔501。从LED端子的一端到所述基板上的导电迹线制作了接线504。在二极管上覆盖了一层密封剂/荧光剂混合物,并且所述混合物至少部分地填充腔。透镜形状的只包含密封剂506的第二层至少部分地覆盖每个二极管。或者,密封剂506包含密封剂/荧光剂混合物。在LED阵列的透镜一侧装配了辅助透镜508。
LED的排列并不局限于1×3或2×2的矩阵。任何m×n的阵列都是可以使用的,只要来自组PW的LED被来自组GW的LED补充,反之亦然(见图2B)。最低限度是被排列成1×2矩阵的两个LED。来自组W的LED,由于它们本身产生纯白光,因此不需要互补的LED。另外,本发明并不局限于有序的行与列的阵列,而是在任意系统化的二维或三维类别的LED阵列中同样有效。
互补的白色LED可以被排列在诸如引线框(leadframe)、印制电路板、柔性基板、玻璃或陶瓷一类的基板上。或者,可以将诸如过孔类型或芯片LED(chipLED)的灯以及表面安装类型的PLCC之类的多个互补的白色LED设备组件排列在另一个诸如印制电路板的基板上,从而产生纯白光。通常使用自动化的拾取和放置设备将这些组件放置在基板上,并且随后利用热暴露(heat exposure)将其焊接在适当的位置上。
图6是本发明的示例性实施例——图像捕获设备的表示。这里示出的图像捕获设备是一台在其上具有照相机的蜂窝电话。1×3阵列601(见图3A和图3B)提供了闪光灯,使得在阴天、黑暗或夜晚的条件下也可以拍摄照片。

Claims (27)

1.一种光产生装置,包括:
发射第一频带内的光的第一发光二极管;
发射第二频带内的光的第二发光二极管,其中从所述第一发光二极管和所述第二发光二极管中发出的光的组合在人眼看来基本是白色的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述第一发光二极管发射相应于所述第一频带的偏紫的白光,并且所述第二发光二极管发射相应于所述第二频带的偏绿的白光。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述第一发光二极管具有位于黑体曲线一侧的颜色坐标,并且所述第二发光二极管具有位于所述黑体曲线另一侧的颜色坐标。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,来自发出所述偏紫的白光的所述第一发光二极管的光和来自发出所述偏绿的白光的所述第二发光二极管的光的所述组合产生纯白光。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述第一发光二极管包括被密封剂覆盖的蓝色发光二极管,所述密封剂含有黄色荧光剂波长转换材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述第二发光二极管被密封剂覆盖,所述密封剂含有所述黄色荧光剂波长转换材料。
7.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中,第一发光二极管包括在460到465纳米之间的偏紫的蓝光的波长。
8.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中,第二发光二极管包括在470到480纳米之间的偏绿的蓝光的波长。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置,还包括多个偏紫的白色发光二极管和同样数量的偏绿的白色发光二极管,所述偏绿的白色发光二极管以与所述多个偏紫的白色发光二极管互补的方式被排列,从而产生所述纯白光。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,由所述第一和第二发光二极管所产生的光被用于为图像捕获设备照亮物体。
11.一种发光设备,包括:
经排列的发光二极管的阵列,其中具有位于黑体曲线一侧的颜色坐标的发光二极管被放置在具有位于所述黑体曲线另一侧的颜色坐标的发光二极管附近,并且其中,合成的颜色位于将所述两个颜色坐标连接起来的直线的轨迹上。
12.根据权利要求11所述的发光设备,其中,所述颜色坐标遵循国际照明协会所定义的比色法标准。
13.根据权利要求11所述的发光设备,其中,由所述发光二极管所产生的光是互补辐射。
14.根据权利要求11所述的发光设备,其中,具有偏绿的白色和偏紫的白色的白色发光二极管被排列在所述阵列中,以产生人眼看来基本是白色的辐射。
15.根据权利要求14所述的发光设备,其中,白光具有大约是6500开尔文或9300开尔文中的一种的色温。
16.根据权利要求11所述的发光设备,其中,偏绿的白色发光二极管包含具有480纳米颜色的蓝色发光二极管,并且偏紫的白色发光二极管包括具有460纳米颜色的蓝色发光二极管。
17.根据权利要求16所述的发光设备,其中,所述偏绿的白色发光二极管包含具有大于470纳米颜色的蓝色发光二极管,并且所述偏紫的白色发光二极管包括具有小于465纳米颜色的蓝色发光二极管。
18.根据权利要求11所述的发光设备,其中,所述阵列包括具有以下三种发光二极管的1×3发光二极管矩阵,所述三种发光二极管是具有位于所述黑体曲线上侧的颜色坐标的第一发光二极管、具有靠近所述黑体曲线的颜色坐标的第二发光二极管以及具有位于所述黑体曲线下侧的颜色坐标的第三发光二极管。
19.根据权利要求11所述的发光设备,其中,所述阵列至少包括具有以下两种发光二极管的1×2发光二极管矩阵,所述两种发光二极管是具有位于黑体曲线上侧的颜色坐标的第一发光二极管和具有位于所述黑体曲线下侧的颜色坐标的第二发光二极管。
20.根据权利要求11所述的发光设备,其中,所述阵列包括LED设备组件。
21.根据权利要求11所述的发光设备,其中,所述阵列包括具有以下四种发光二极管的2×2发光二极管矩阵:
在左上角的具有位于所述黑体曲线上侧的颜色坐标的第一发光二极管;
在右下角的具有位于所述黑体曲线所述上侧的颜色坐标的第二发光二极管;
在右上角的具有位于所述黑体曲线下侧的颜色坐标的第三发光二极管;
在左下角的具有位于所述黑体曲线下侧的颜色坐标的第四发光二极管。
22.一种包括白色发光二极管的阵列的发光设备,所述白色发光二极管具有远离黑体曲线的颜色坐标,其中复合的光具有离所述黑体曲线更近一些的颜色坐标。
23.一种白光发射设备,包括:
具有导电迹线的基板;
包括至少一个绿蓝LED和对于每个绿蓝LED的一个紫蓝LED的阵列,其中所述绿蓝LED和所述紫蓝LED被附接到所述基板上;
覆盖在每个LED上的密封剂,该密封剂含有黄色荧光剂波长转换材料;
用于向每个LED提供电流的电路。
24.根据权利要求23所述的白光发射设备,其中,在所述基板上具有腔,所述绿蓝LED和所述紫蓝LED被布置在所述腔上,所述腔在光的聚集以及引导光向希望的方向发出中充当反射器。
25.根据权利要求23所述的白光发射设备,其中,所述密封剂和所述黄色荧光剂波长转换材料被成型为透镜结构,以提供被发射光的希望的辐射模式。
26.根据权利要求23所述的白光发射设备,还包括放置在所述LED阵列上的光学透镜,被用于加强被发射光的辐射模式。
27.根据权利要求23所述的白光发射设备,其中,由所述绿蓝LED和所述紫蓝LED所产生的光被用于为图像捕获设备照亮物体。
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