CN1612718A - 椎间假体关节 - Google Patents

椎间假体关节 Download PDF

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CN1612718A
CN1612718A CNA038020440A CN03802044A CN1612718A CN 1612718 A CN1612718 A CN 1612718A CN A038020440 A CNA038020440 A CN A038020440A CN 03802044 A CN03802044 A CN 03802044A CN 1612718 A CN1612718 A CN 1612718A
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joint
prosthetic joint
intervertebral prosthetic
articular
groove
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E·F·雷三世
L·埃色曼
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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SDGI Holdings Inc
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Abstract

一种椎间假体关节,它包括适于接合一第一脊骨的一第一关节件和适于接合一第二脊骨的一第二关节件。所述关节件包括邻接的凸出和凹入关节表面,所述表面协作以允许所述关节件之间的关节运动。凸出和凹入表面中的至少一个包括至少一个表面凹陷部,所述表面凹陷部构造成可便于去除位于关节表面的邻接部分之间的物体。在假体关节的一个实施例中,各关节件具有一脊骨承载表面和从承载表面伸出的一凸缘,所述凸缘构造成穿入第一和第二脊骨中的相应一个,且凸缘形成延伸穿过其的至少一个开孔,以允许骨穿过其生长。

Description

椎间假体关节
技术领域
本发明总的涉及脊柱植入物,更具体的是涉及用于全部或部分地替代自然椎间盘。
背景技术
在对影响脊柱运动部分的疾病、损伤或畸形、特别是那些影响椎间盘组织的疾病、损伤或畸形的治疗中,已知可去除一些或全部的变性、断裂或以其它方式发生损坏的椎间盘。在椎间盘组织从脊柱运动部分被去除或者以其它方式缺失的情况下,必须采取矫正措施,以保证先前由所去除的椎间盘组织所分隔的脊骨适当间隔。
在一些情况中,利用移植的骨组织、人造的融合件、或者其它的合成物或装置来将相邻的两脊骨融合在一起。不过,脊柱融合术引起了医学团体的注意,椎间融合的生物机械学刚度可能易于使相邻的脊柱运动部分快速地恶化。更具体地说,不是像自然的椎间盘,脊柱的融合部分使融合的脊骨不能相对相对彼此枢转和转动。这样的可动性缺乏将会使相邻脊柱运动部分上的应力增加。此外,在相邻的脊柱运动部分内可能会发生若干种情况,包括椎间盘变性、椎间盘脱出、不稳定性、脊柱狭窄、脊椎关节强硬以及关节面关节炎(facetjoint arthritis)。因此,在脊柱融合之后,许多病人可能会需要在进行椎间盘去除和/或其它类型的外科手术。因此,人们希望有可替代脊柱融合的方法。
人们已经提出了若干种不同类型的椎间盘关节成形术装置,以防止相邻脊骨间的椎间间隙塌陷,并且同时保持相邻脊骨之间一定程度的稳定性以及枢转和转动运动范围。这样的装置通常包括两个或多个关节元件,它们附接在相应的上、下脊骨上。诸关节元件可通过多种方法来固定在上、下脊骨上,包括使用穿过各元件上的相应开孔并旋入脊椎骨中的接骨螺钉,和/或通过采用刺入脊骨端板(vertebral endplate)的骨钉或齿。关节元件通常构造成允许这些元件、并因而允许相邻的脊骨相对彼此枢转和/或转动。
如上所述,现有技术的椎间盘关节成形装置相对较难植入相邻的脊骨之间。为了植入这样的装置,要将相邻的脊骨张开一定的距离,该距离稍稍大于分隔脊骨的正常距离,以使该装置可以在脊骨间操作,并可将固定件接合到脊骨端板上。这样的一种手术会发生由于固定件对脊骨端板或其它组织的错位或刮擦而导致脊骨损伤的危险。这样的一种手术还会发生由于过度牵引椎间间隙而导致损伤的危险。也如上所述,其它类型的现有技术关节成形装置需要将接骨螺钉或其它类型的紧固件旋入相邻的脊骨。不过,这种类型的固定方法需要精确地放置和定向接骨螺钉,以提供足够强的锚固,并避免对相邻的组织或脊骨结构造成损伤。此外,如果其碎片或颗粒物质聚集在关节元件之间,则现有技术的关节成形装置的磨损或可能的畸形就更易于发生。
因此,在本行业中需要提供一种改进的椎间假体关节。本发明满足了这样的需求,并以新颖和非显然的方式提供其它的益处和优点。
发明内容
本发明总的涉及一种椎间假体关节。尽管这里所揭示的本发明真实性质可仅参照所附的权利要求书来确定,但仍将这里所揭示的、表征本发明特征的较佳实施例的某些形式简述如下。
本发明的一种形式涉及一种椎间假体关节,它包括适于接合一第一脊骨并包括一第一关节表面的一第一件和适于接合一第二脊骨并包括一第二关节表面的一第二件,并且第一和第二关节表面协作以允许第一和第二件之间的关节运动,以及,第一和第二关节表面中的至少一个包括至少一个表面凹陷部,所述表面凹陷部构造成可便于去除位于其间的物体。
本发明的另一形式涉及一种椎间假体关节,它包括适于接合一第一脊骨并包括一凸部的一第一关节件和适于接合一第二脊骨并包括一凹进部的一第二关节件,并且凸部的至少一部分放置在凹进部内,以允许第一和第二件之间的关节运动,以及,凸部和凹进部中的至少一个形成至少一个通道,所述通道构造成可便于去除位于其间的物体。
本发明的另一形式涉及一种椎间假体关节,它包括具有适于接合一第一脊骨的一承载表面的一第一关节件和具有适于接合一第二脊骨的一承载表面的一第二关节件,并且第一和第二关节件各包括一凸缘,所述凸缘从承载表面伸出,并适于穿入第一和第二脊骨中的相应一个,其中,凸缘形成穿过其延伸的至少一个开孔,以允许骨穿过生长。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的椎间假体关节。从这里所包含的附图和描述中,本发明的其它目的、特征、优点、益处以及方面会变得明白。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明一种形式的椎间假体关节的立体图。
图2是图1所示椎间假体关节的剖视图。
图3是根据本发明一实施例的、与图1所示椎间假体关节一起使用的球形件的前视图。
图4是图2所示球形件的侧视图。
图5是图3所示球形件的俯视图。
图6是图3所示球形件的仰视图。
图7是图5所示球形件、沿着图5的线7-7截取的剖视图。
图8是图5所示球形件、沿着图5的线8-8截取的剖视图。
图9是根据本发明一实施例的、与图1所示椎间假体关节一起使用的一承窝件的前视图。
图10是图9所示承窝件的侧视图。
图11是图9所示承窝件的俯视图。
图12是图9所示承窝件的仰视图。
图13是图12所示承窝件、沿着图12的线13-13截取的剖视图。
图14是本发明另一实施例的球形件的俯视图。
图15是根据本发明另一实施例的椎间假体关节的剖视图。
图16是根据本发明再一实施例的椎间假体关节的剖视图。
图17是脊柱一部分的横向视图,示出由一自然的椎间盘分隔开的一对相邻的上和下脊骨。
图18是图17所示的那部分脊柱的前方视图,示出去除上和下脊骨的一部分,以适于在其间插入图1所示的椎间假体关节。
图19是图18所示的那部分脊柱的横向视图。
图20是图18所示的那部分脊柱的前方视图,示出在上和下椎骨之间植入椎间假体关节的情况。
图21是图18所示的那部分脊柱的局部剖视图,示出在上和下脊骨之间植入椎间假体关节的情况。
具体实施方式
为了增进对本发明原理的理解,请参见示于附图中的诸实施例,并且将使用特定的言辞来对它们进行描述。尽管如此,应予理解的是,并不藉此来限定本发明的保护范围,所示装置的某种替代方式以及其它的修改变型、以及如本文所述的本发明原理的其它应用应被认为是本发明所属技术领域的人员通常可设想的。
请参见图1-2,图中示出了根据本发明一形式的一个椎间假体关节30。该关节联接关节大体沿着一纵向轴线L延伸,并包括一第一关节件32和一第二关节件34。关节件32、34协作以形成一关节联接关节30,所述关节的尺寸和结构构造成可放置在相邻椎体的椎间间隙内。
关节联接关节30使相邻椎体之间能枢转和转动,以保持或恢复与自然椎间盘所提供的正常生物机械学运动相似的运动。更具体地说,允许关节件32、34绕多根轴线相对彼此枢转,这些轴线包括绕纵向轴线L的横向或侧至侧枢转运动,以及绕一横向轴线T的前一后运动。应予理解的是,在本发明的一较佳实施例中,允许关节件32、34相对彼此绕位于纵向轴线L和横向轴线T相交叉的一平面内的任何轴线枢转。此外,较佳的是允许关节件32、34相对彼此绕一轴线R转动。尽管关节联接关节30已所述和所示为提供一特定的关节运动组合,但应予理解的是,也可以有其它的关节运动组合,并且它们被认为是落入本发明的保护范围之内的。应予理解的是,也可设计其它类型的关节运动,例如相对的平移或直线运动。
尽管假体关节30的关节件32、34可用各种材料制成,但在本发明的一个实施例中,关节件32、34是由钴-铬-钼合金(ASTM F-799或F-75)制成。不过,在本发明的另一实施例中,关节件32、34可用诸如钛或不锈钢的其它金属材料、诸如聚乙烯之类的聚合材料、或者任何对本技术领域的普通技术人员来说显而易见的生物相容材料制成。关节件32、34直接与脊椎骨接触的表面较佳的是涂覆有一促进骨生长的物质,例如为磷酸钙制成的羟基磷灰石涂层。此外,较佳的是涂覆促进骨生成的物质之前将关节件32、34直接与脊椎骨接触的表面弄粗糙,以进一步加强骨的面上生长(on-growth)。这样的表面粗糙例如可以借助于酸蚀刻、压纹、涂边、或者其它本技术领域的普通技术人员可想到的粗糙方法来实现。
请参见图3-8,其中示出了有关关节件32的各种细节。关节件32包括一支承板50,该板具有一关节表面52和一相对的承载表面54。较佳的是,支承板50的尺寸和形状构造成大致与相邻脊骨的脊骨端板的尺寸和形状相应。关节表面52和承载表面54被一对横向表面56a、56b和一对轴向表面58a、58b分隔开。较佳的是,横向表面56a、56b各形成一沟槽57,所述沟槽至少沿着支承板50长度的一部分延伸。沟槽57构造成与外科手术器械(未示出)的一相应部分接合,以帮助操作假体关节30并将其插入相邻脊骨之间的椎间间隙内。外科手术器械(未示出)较佳的是构造成,在操作和插入假体关节30的过程中,将关节件32、34保持成相对彼此处于一预定的定向和空间关系,并一旦在相邻脊骨之间正确地定位了关节件32、34时,就释放两关节件。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中,关节表面52包括被基本为平面的表面62包围的一凸部60。在本发明的一个实施例中,凸部60呈凸状,并较佳的是构造成一半球形的球部。在本发明的另一实施例中,凸起的半球形表面具有足够大的曲率半径,以使关节件32、34相对彼此绕其枢转轴线位于平面表面62处或其下方(亦即,曲率中心位于平面表面62上或其下方)。不过,应予理解的是,枢转轴线也可定位在平面表面62上方。还应予理解的是,凸部60还可设计成其它的结构,例如为圆柱形、椭圆形或其它弧形形状、或者可能是非弧形形状。还应予理解的是,平面表面62可以呈非平面的形状,例如为围绕凸部60延伸的倾斜或者圆锥形状。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中,沿着凸部60延伸的一表面凹陷部或凹腔70将凸部60的凸起关节表面打断。在本发明的一个实施例中,表面凹陷部70构造成一凹槽。不过,如下文将更加详细的描述的,应予理解的是,也可以设计其它类型的表面凹陷部。凹槽70的一个目的是便于取出位于关节件32、34的邻接部分之间的物体。更具体地说,凹槽70形成一种可清除诸如颗粒材料之类的、位于关节件32、34的邻接表面之间的物体的结构。
在本发明的一个实施例中,凹槽70沿着半球形球部60的凸起表面延伸,且将球部60分割成两个基本对称的部分60a、60b,且使各个部分在球部60的整个圆周或周缘上延伸约大致180℃。不过,应予理解的是,凹槽70也可以采用其它的结构。例如,凹槽70无需将球部60均匀地分割成对称的两半,而是可以定位在沿球部60的其它位置处,以及相对球部60定位在其它的角度方向处。还应予理解的是,凹槽70无需延伸横整个球部60,而是可以仅延伸过球部60的一部分。例如,凹槽70可以延伸过球部60,而形成为仅有凹槽70的一部分在关节30的关节运动中的某位置处延伸超过关节件32、34的邻接部分。此外,应予理解的是,凹槽70无需具有直线形状,而是可以成任何成角度的形状或非直线形状,例如图14中所示的曲线形状。还应予理解的是,可以沿着球部60的周缘形成任何数量的凹槽70,诸如以均匀分布的方式、或者是以随机或半随机图案设置两条或多条凹槽70,也如图14所示。在本发明的一个特定实施例中,凹槽70大致为0.75毫米深,并大致为0.4毫米宽,并具有一成圆角的底表面。不过,应予理解的是,凹槽70也可以设计出其它的尺寸和结构,它们都落入本发明的保护范围之内。
在本发明的一个实施例中,承载表面54基本成平面状,并定向成相对平面表面62成一角度α,以形成从轴向表面58a朝向轴向表面58b延伸的一向外的锥度。在一个实施例中,角度α在0度至约10度的范围之内。在一特定的实施例中,角度α约为3度。在另一特定的实施例中,角度α约为6度。不过,应予理解的是,角度α可选取其它与假体关节30所用于的那部分脊柱的特定脊柱前凸角度或形态相应的值。还应予理解的是,承载表面54可以构造成可适应诸如脊柱侧凸之类的脊柱异常状态。在这样的情况下,承载表面54可以相对平面表面62倾斜,以形成在侧向表面56a、56b之间延伸的一锥度。还应予理解的是,承载表面54可选取其它的形状,例如与相邻脊骨端板的具体形状相应的一弯曲的或弧形的形状。同样应予理解的是,可以将承载表面54弄粗糙,和/或在承载表面54上形成多个表面凸起,以帮助抓牢脊骨端板,并抑制假体关节30相对相邻脊骨的移动。
从承载表面54伸出一凸缘件或龙骨80,该龙骨构造成放置在相邻脊骨端板的一预先形成的开口中。在一个实施例中,龙骨80从承载表面54垂直伸出,并基本位于沿着承载表面54的中心处。不过,应予理解的是,也可设想龙骨80有其它的位置和定向。还应予理解的是,关节件32可以包括两个或多个从承载表面54伸出的龙骨80。
龙骨80从轴向表面58a附近的一位置、沿着支承板50的一较大的部分、朝向轴向表面58b延伸。较佳的是,龙骨80基本沿着支承板50的整个长度延伸。如图6中所示,龙骨80较佳的是楔形的,并且,龙骨80在从一前端或插入端80a朝向一后端80b延伸时形成一向外的锥度。在一个特定的实施例中,该向外的锥度约为4度。不过,也可以设想出其它的锥度。还应予理解的是,龙骨80不一定是沿着其长度成锥度的。如将会变得明白的那样,向外的锥度可帮助将龙骨80插入相邻脊骨中的预先形成的开口。此外,龙骨80的插入端80a包括一斜角表面82,以进一步帮助假体关节30的植入。
在本发明的另一实施例中,龙骨80也可在横向表面56a、56b之间、沿着支承板50的一较大的部分延伸。这样的一个实施例将适于利用一横向的途径来插入假体关节30,这与图20和21中所示的前向方法不同。在本发明的另一实施例中,龙骨80可以沿着其高度成锥度,或者是从承载表面54向内成锥度以形成一楔形,或者是从承载表面54向外成锥度以形成一鸠尾的形状。在还有一个实施例中,龙骨80可以构造成一带翼的龙骨,它包括横穿龙骨80主体部分延伸的一横向部分。
龙骨80还包括一对延伸穿过其的开孔86,以方便骨穿过生长,以加强对相邻脊骨的固定。不过,应予理解的是,可以穿过龙骨80形成任意数量的开孔86,包括单个开孔或者三个或更多的开孔。还应予理解的是,开孔86不一定要完全延伸穿透龙骨80,而是可以仅部分地延伸穿入龙骨。还应予理解的是,龙骨80不一定要形成任何部分穿过或者完全穿透其延伸的开孔86。此外,尽管开孔86所示为呈圆形,但应予理解的是,也可以设计出其它的开孔86尺寸和形状。如上所述,关节件32与脊椎骨直接接触的表面较佳的是涂覆有一促进骨生长的物质。具体地说,承载表面54和龙骨80的表面较佳的是涂覆有羟基磷灰石,以促进与相邻脊骨的骨接合。也如上所述,较佳的是在涂覆羟基磷灰石涂层之前将承载表面54和龙骨80的表面弄粗糙。
参见图9-13,其中示出了有关关节件34的各种细节。关节件34包括一支承板100,该板具有一关节表面102和一相对的承载表面104。较佳的是,支承板100的尺寸和形状构造成大致与相邻脊骨的脊骨端板的尺寸和形状相应。关节表面102和承载表面104被一对横向表面106a、106b和一对轴向表面108a、108b分隔开。较佳的是,横向表面106a、106b各形成一沟槽107,所述沟槽至少沿着支承板100长度的一部分延伸。与关节件32的沟槽57相似,沟槽107也构造成与外科手术器械(未示出)的一相应部分接合,以帮助操作和插入假体关节30。
在本发明的一较佳实施例中,关节表面102包括被基本为平面的表面112包围的一凹进部110。在本发明的一个实施例中,凹进部110呈凹状,并较佳的是构造成一半球形的承窝。不过,应予理解的是,凹进部110也可以设计出其它形状,例如为圆柱形、椭圆形或其它弧形形状、或者可能是非弧形形状。圆锥表面112相对于与关节件32的平面表面52平行定向的一平面成一角度θ的锥度,且形成整个地围绕凹状的凹进部10延伸的一均匀的锥度。以这种方式,关节件32、34之间的相对枢转就限制在大致+/-角度θ的范围内。在一个实施例中,角度θ在约10度至约20度的一范围内,从而将关节件32、34之间总的相对枢转运动限制在稍稍超过20度至稍稍超过40度的范围内。在一个特定的实施例中,角度θ约16度,从而将关节件32、34之间总的枢转运动限制在稍稍超过32度。如将会变得明白的那样,角度θ可以选取与关节件32、34之间的所需相对枢转运动量相应其它值。还应予理解的是,平面表面112可以呈非平面的形状,例如为围绕凹入凹进部110延伸的倾斜形状。还应予理解的是,平面112可构造成与承载表面104平行定向的一平面表面,且关节件32的表面52可构造成锥度为角度θ的一圆锥或倾斜表面,或者表面52、112两者都可构造成锥度为预定角度θ的圆锥或倾斜表面。在表面52、112都成以预定角度θ为锥度的一个实施例中,角度θ较佳的是约8度,从而将关节件32、34之间总的枢转运动限制在稍稍超过32度。
尽管凹入凹进部110所示为大体成一平滑、未被打断的关节表面,但应予理解的是,可以沿着凹进部110的一部分形成一表面凹陷部或凹腔,以形成一种可清除位于关节件32、34的邻接关节表面之间的诸如颗粒碎屑之类的物体的结构。在这样的情况下,球部60的凸出关节表面可以形成一大体平滑、不中断的关节表面。在本发明的另一实施例中,凸起凸部60和凹入凹进部110各形成一表面凹陷部,以便于取出取出位于相邻关节表面之间的颗粒。
在本发明的一个实施例中,承载表面104基本成平面状,并与关节件32的承载表面54相似,定向成一角度α,以形成从轴向表面108a朝向轴向表面108b延伸的一向外的锥度。不过,应予理解的是,承载表面104可选取其它的形状,例如与表面104所邻靠的相邻脊骨端板的特定形状相应的一弯曲的或弧形的形状。还应予理解的是,承载表面104可以构造成可适应诸如脊柱侧凸之类脊柱异常情况。在这种情况下,承载表面104可倾斜,以形成在横向表面106a、106b之间延伸的一锥度。此外,还应予理解的是,可以将承载表面104弄粗糙,和/或在承载表面104上形成多个表面凸起,以帮助抓牢脊骨端板,并抑制假体关节30相对相邻脊骨的移动。
与关节件32的龙骨80相似,从承载表面104伸出一凸缘件或龙骨120。在一个实施例中,龙骨120从承载表面104垂直伸出,并基本位于沿着承载表面104的中心处。不过,应予理解的是,也可设想龙骨120有其它位置和定向。还应予理解的是,关节件32可以包括两个或多个从承载表面104伸出的龙骨120。
龙骨120从轴向表面108a附近的一位置、较佳的是沿着支承板100的一较大的部分、朝向轴向表面108b延伸。如图11中所示,龙骨120较佳的是楔形的,并且,龙骨120在从一前端或插入端120a朝向一后随端120b延伸时形成一向外的锥度。此外,龙骨120的插入端120a包括一斜角表面122,以进一步帮助假体关节30的植入。在本发明的另一实施例中,龙骨120也可在横向表面106a、106b之间、沿着支承板100的一较大的部分延伸,以适于利用横向途径来将假体关节30插入在相邻椎体之间。在本发明的另一实施例中,龙骨120可以沿着其高度成锥度,或者是从承载表面104向内成锥度以形成一楔形,或者是从承载表面104向外成锥度以形成一鸠尾的形状。在还有一个实施例中,龙骨120可以构造成一带翼的龙骨,它包括横穿龙骨120主体部分延伸的一横向部分。
龙骨120还包括一对延伸穿过其的开孔126,以便于骨穿过生长,以加强对相邻脊骨的固定。不过,应予理解的是,也可穿过龙骨120形成任意数量的开孔126,包括单个开孔或者三个或更多的开孔。还应予理解的是,开孔126不一定要完全延伸穿透龙骨120,而是可以仅部分地延伸穿入龙骨。还应予理解的是,龙骨120不一定要形成任何部分穿过或者完全穿透其延伸的开孔126。如上所述,关节件34与脊椎骨直接接触的表面较佳的是涂覆有一促进骨生长的物质,例如一羟基磷灰石涂层。也如上所述,较佳的是在涂覆羟基磷灰石涂层之前将关节件34与脊椎骨直接接触的表面弄粗糙。
再次参见图2,关节件32的凸部或球部60至少部分地设置在关节件34的凹进部或承窝110中。球部60和承窝110的凹入和凸出的关节表面彼此接触,且使关节部分32、34之间可进行相对关节运动。具体地说,关节部分32、34可相对彼此枢转和转动,以保持或恢复与自然的椎间盘所提供的正常生物机械学运动基本相同的运动。由关节件34的圆锥形表面112在关节件32的平面表面62上的邻靠来对关节部分32、34之间的相对枢转运动加以限制。在关节运动的过程中,沿着球部60形成的凹槽70提供用于去除可能聚集在关节部分32、34的邻接关节表面之间的、任何诸如颗粒碎屑之类的物体的通道。凹槽70引导任何这样的碎屑以从假体关节30的接触关节表面上清除掉,以防止或至少减少如果杂质颗粒和/或聚集的磨损碎屑残留在关节表面的邻接部分之间就会发生的磨损。
请参见图15和16,图中示出了根据本发明其它实施例椎间假体关节。关于图15,图中示出了包括一第一关节元件132和一第二关节元件134的一假体关节130。关节元件132、134在许多方面与关节件32、34相似,只是关节件132的凸出球部160包括沿着球部160的一部分延伸的一扁平部分170。扁平部分170基本上起到与沿着球部60延伸的凹槽70相同的功用;亦即,用来形成可去除可能聚集在关节件132、134的邻接关节表面之间的任何颗粒碎屑的结构。尽管扁平部分170设置在球部160的大致中心处,但应予理解的是,扁平部分170可以沿着球部160设置在任何位置上。还应予理解的是,可以沿着球部160形成任意数量的扁平部分170,球部160也可以包括凹槽70和扁平部分160的组合,以便于去除位于邻接关节表面之间的物体。
关于图16,图中示出了包括一第一关节元件232和一第二关节元件234的一假体关节230。关节元件232、234在许多方面与关节件32、34相似,只是关节件234的凹入凹进部240包括形成在其中的一开口270。开口270基本上起到与沿着球部60延伸的凹槽70相同的功用;亦即,用来形成可去除可能聚集在关节件232、234的邻接关节表面之间的任何颗粒碎屑的结构。较佳的是,开口270延伸穿过关节件234的支承板100,以将可能聚集在邻接关节表面之间的任何颗粒碎屑引导离开球部-承窝式关节。尽管开口270也可以延伸穿过关节件234的龙骨120,但应予理解的是,开口270可以沿着承窝240设置在任何位置,并可相对承窝240成任何定向。还应予理解的是,可以沿着承窝240形成任意数量的开口270,并且承窝240也可以包括凹槽70和开口270的组合,以便于去除位于邻接关节表面之间的物体。
在本发明的再一实施例中,关节件32、34的凸出和凹入关节表面之一或两者可以形成其它类型和结构的表面凹陷部。例如,表面凹陷部可以构造成沿着关节表面之一或两个延伸的多个凹痕或陷窝。在一特定的实施例中,凸出关节表面可以包括多个表面凹陷部,如高尔夫球的外表面上所形成的那样。不过,应予理解的是,可以适用许多类型和结构的表面凹陷部。
请参见图17,图中示出了脊柱一部分的横向视图,示出了被一自然椎间盘D间隔开的一对相邻的上和下脊骨VU、VL。如上所述,在自然椎间盘D发生疾病或变性时,通常通过椎间盘切除术或一类似的外科手术来去除该自然椎间盘,所述手术的细节是为本技术另一的普通技术人员所知的。
如图18和19所述,去除发生疾病或变性的椎间盘D导致在上和下脊骨VU、VL之间形成椎间间隙S。为了适于将假体关节30插入该椎间间隙S内,需要对上和下脊骨VU、VL进行一定的准备工作,以在其间接收假体关节30。具体地说,沿着上和下脊骨VU、VL的脊骨端板形成细长的开口或狭槽300,且成一预定的宽度w和一预定的深度d。在本发明的一个实施例中,细长狭槽300是矩形的,并从脊骨VU、VL的前方侧302朝向脊骨VU、VL的后方侧304延伸。在一特定的实施例中,狭槽300是通过开凿或刮挖来形成的。不过,也可以设想有其它形成狭槽300的方法,如本技术领域的普通技术人员会想到的那样,例如通过钻凿或铰孔。在本发明的一个实施例中,狭槽300的宽度w等于或少小于关节件32、34龙骨80、120的相应宽度。此外,狭槽300的深度d较佳的是大致等于或稍大于龙骨80、120的长度。
请参见图20和21,在准备好椎间间隙S之后,就可将关节件32、34插入上和下脊骨VU、VL之间。首先,较佳的是通过插入器械(未示出)或适于接合沿着支承板50、100形成的沟槽57、107的等效工具,将关节件32、34放置成彼此成一预定关系。插入器械(未示出)将关节件32、34保持成相对彼此成一预定的空间关系和一预定定向。大体沿纵向轴线L的方向将假体关节30插入到上和下脊骨VU、VL之间且使关节件32、34的龙骨80、120沿着狭槽300轴向移动。应予注意的是,由于龙骨80、120是轴向移动穿过预先形成的狭槽300的,所以上和下脊骨VU、VL为了适应假体关节30的插入而进行的牵引分开如果不是完全消除的话,也应是最小的。
如上所述,龙骨80、120是成锥度或楔形的,以便于插入到狭槽300内。各支承板50、100所形成的锥度角度也利于将假体关节30插入到椎间间隙S内。由于狭槽300的宽度w等于或稍小于龙骨80、120的相应宽度,所以龙骨80、120有效地楔入在狭槽300内。因而形成在上和下脊骨VU、VL中的狭槽300的深度d控制了假体关节30在椎间间隙S中的定位。具体地说,当龙骨80、120的插入端80a、120a触底在狭槽300的端面上时,假体关节30就完成了正确的定位。控制假体关节30的插入深度使定位更加精确,从而避免假体关节30的过度插入或者插入不足。如上所述,关节件32、34相对彼此的角度定位是由上和下脊骨VU、VL的几何形状以及位于脊柱内的特定位置所指定的。如应明白的那样,支承板50、100之间的距离应接近等于所去除的椎间盘D的高度,以及支承板50、100的角度位置是由脊柱的特定曲率或脊柱前凸来指定的。
在本发明的所示实施例中,假体关节30是通过一前方方法来植入在椎间间隙S中的。不过,应予理解的是,狭槽300可以从脊骨VU、VL的后方侧304朝向前方侧302延伸、且深度为d,并且假体关节30可以通过一后方途径来植入椎间间隙S中。还应予理解的是,狭槽300可以从脊骨VU、VL的一第一横向侧朝向脊骨的相对横向侧延伸、且深度为d,并且假体关节30可以通过一侧向方法植入椎间间隙S。
一旦将假体关节30插入椎间间隙S内,就藉由将龙骨80、120放置在形成在脊骨VU、VL中的狭槽300中、以及通过由相邻的脊骨端板施加在关节件32、34上的压力,把关节件32、34初始地固定于上、下脊骨VU、VL。因此,龙骨80、120起到抵抗假体关节30相对相邻脊骨VU、VL发生移动或移位的作用。在植入假体关节30之后,通过穿过龙骨80、120中的开孔86、126的骨生长和/或通过生长到关节件32、34与脊椎骨直接接触的表面上的骨的面上生长,靠与关节件32、34进一步固定到上和下脊骨VU、VL上。骨的穿过生长和骨的面上生长进一步抵抗假体关节30发生移动或移位,并防止假体关节30被驱逐出椎间间隙S。应予理解的是,也可设想出其它将假体关节30接合至上、下脊骨VU、VL的结构,如通过接骨螺钉、骨钉、粘合剂,或者通过本技术领域的普通技术人员会想到的其它方法。
在使用中,关节件32、34彼此协作以提供一球部-承窝式关节,该关节允许在其间发生相对的枢转和转动运动,因而也允许上、下脊骨VU、VL之间的相对枢转和转动。结果,就可使被治疗的脊柱部分恢复基本正常的生物机械学运动。尽管本发明的装置和方法特别可应用于脊柱的腰部区域,但应予理解的是,本发明也可应用于脊柱的其它部分,包括脊柱的颈部和胸部区域。
尽管在附图和前面的描述中详细地图示和描述了本发明,但是这样所示和所述的内容应认为是说明性、而非限制性的,可以理解的是,所示和所述的仅是较佳的实施例,并且希望要求保护所有落入本发明精神之内的修改和变型。

Claims (40)

1.一种椎间假体关节,它包括;
适于接合一第一脊骨并包括一第一关节表面的一第一件;和
适于接合一第二脊骨并包括一第二关节表面的一第二件,所述第一和第二关节表面协作以允许所述第一和第二件之间的关节运动;以及,
其中,所述第一和第二关节表面中的至少一个包括至少一个表面凹陷部,所述表面凹陷部构造成可便于去除位于所述第一和第二关节表面之间的物体。
2.如权利要求1所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述表面凹陷部包括一凹槽,所述凹槽在所述关节运动过程中的某位置处延伸超出所述第一和第二关节表面的邻接部分。
3.如权利要求1所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述表面凹陷部包括在所述第一和第二关节表面中的至少一个与远离所述第一和第二关节表面的邻接部分的一表面之间连通的一开口。
4.如权利要求1所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述第一和第二关节表面之一包括一凸出表面,所述第一和第二关节表面中的另一个包括一凹入表面,所述凸出表面的至少一部分邻接所述凹入表面的至少一部分,以允许进行所述关节运动。
5.如权利要求4所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凸出和凹入表面基本呈球形。
6.如权利要求5所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述表面凹陷部包括从所述凸出和凹入表面中的至少一个的圆周向内延伸的一凹槽。
7.如权利要求4所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凹陷部包括至少沿着所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述至少一个的一部分延伸的一凹槽。
8.如权利要求7所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凹槽从所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述至少一个的周缘向内延伸。
9.如权利要求7所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凹槽在所述关节运动过程中的某位置处延伸超出所述第一和第二关节表面的邻接部分。
10.如权利要求7所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凹槽延伸横穿所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述至少一个,以将所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述至少一个分成两个分别的部分。
11.如权利要求10所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述分别的部分基本对称。
12.如权利要求7所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凹槽以非直线的形状沿着所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述至少一个延伸。
13.如权利要求12所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述非直线形状是一曲线形状。
14.如权利要求7所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,多条所述凹槽沿着所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述至少一个延伸。
15.如权利要求7所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凹槽沿着所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述至少一个的外形延伸。
16.如权利要求7所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凹槽具有一长度和一宽度,所述长度大于所述宽度。
17.如权利要求4所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述表面凹陷部包括在所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述一个与远离所述凸出和凹入表面的所述邻接部分的一表面之间连通的一开口。
18.如权利要求15所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述远离的表面是构造成与第一和第二脊骨中的相应的一个接合的一脊骨承载表面。
19.如权利要求4所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凸出表面的一部分是扁平的,以形成所述表面凹陷部。
20.如权利要求4所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述至少一个至少部分地被一成锥度的表面包围,以将所述关节运动限制在一预定的运动范围内。
21.如权利要求20所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述成锥度的表面是整个地围绕所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述至少一个的一圆锥表面。
22.如权利要求1所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述第一和第二件各包括至少一条沟槽,所述沟槽构造成可在其中接纳一插入工具的一相应部分,以在将假体关节插入在第一和第二脊骨之间时,把所述第一和第二件保持相对彼此的在一预定位置和一预定定向上。
23.如权利要求1所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述第一和第二件各包括一脊骨承载表面和从所述脊骨承载表面伸出的一凸缘,所述凸缘适于穿入第一和第二脊骨中的相应一个,且所述凸缘形成穿过其延伸的至少一个开孔,以允许骨穿过所述凸缘生长。
24.如权利要求1所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述物体包括颗粒材料。
25.一种椎间假体关节,它包括:
适于接合一第一脊骨并包括一凸部的一第一关节件;和
适于接合一第二脊骨并包括一凹进部的一第二关节件,所述凸部的至少一部分放置在所述凹进部内,以允许所述第一和第二件之间的关节运动;以及,
所述凸部和凹进部中的至少一个形成至少一个凹腔,所述凹腔构造成可便于去除位于所述凸部和所述凹部之间的物体。
26.如权利要求25所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凸部包括一凸出表面,所述凹进部包括一凹入表面,所述凸出表面的至少一部分邻接所述凹入凹进部的至少一部分,以允许进行所述关节运动。
27.如权利要求26所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凹腔包括沿着所述大体凸出的表面的至少一部分延伸的一扁平部分。
28.如权利要求26所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凹腔包括沿着所述凸出凹入表面中的至少一个的至少一部分延伸的一凹槽。
29.如权利要求26所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凹腔包括在所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述一个与远离所述凸出和凹入表面中的所述至少一个的一表面之间连通的一开口。
30.一种椎间假体关节,它包括:
具有适于接合一第一脊骨的一承载表面的一第一关节件;和
具有适于接合一第二脊骨的一承载表面的一第二关节件;以及
其中,所述第一和第二关节件各包括一凸缘,所述凸缘从所述承载表面伸出,并构造成穿入第一和第二脊骨中的相应一个,所述凸缘形成穿过其延伸的至少一个开孔,以允许骨穿过所述凸缘生长。
31.如权利要求30所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凸缘定位在第一和第二脊骨中的所述相应一个的一预先形成的开口中。
32.如权利要求31所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凸缘具有一长度,并沿着所述长度的至少一部分成锥度,以便于将所述凸缘插入所述预先形成的开口中。
33.如权利要求31所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凸缘具有一前端,所述前端形成一斜角表面,以便于将所述凸缘插入所述预先形成的开口中。
34.如权利要求30所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述第一和第二关节件各包括设置成大体与所述承载表面相对的一关节表面,所述关节表面协作以允许所述第一和第二件之间的关节运动。
35.如权利要求34所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述关节表面中的至少一个包括至少一个表面凹陷部,以便于去除位于所述关节表面之间的物体。
36.如权利要求35所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述表面凹陷部是沿着所述关节表面中的所述至少一个延伸的一凹槽。
37.如权利要求36所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述第一和第二关节表面之一包括一凸出表面,所述第一和第二关节表面中的另一个包括一凹入表面,所述凸出表面的至少一部分邻接所述凹入表面的至少一部分,以允许进行所述关节运动,所述凹槽在所述关节运动过程中的某位置处延伸超出所述凸出和凹入表面的所述邻接部分。
38.如权利要求30所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凸缘涂覆有一促进骨生长的物质,以促使骨生长到所述凸缘上。
39.如权利要求30所述的椎间假体关节,其特征在于,所述凸缘形成多个穿过其延伸的所述开孔。
40.一种椎间假体关节,它包括:
包括用以接合一第一脊骨的结构的一第一关节件;和
包括用以接合一第二脊骨的结构的一第二关节件;以及
其中,所述第一和第二关节件包括用以允许在其间进行关节运动的表面结构,所述表面结构包括用以去除位于所述第一和第二关节件的邻接部分之间的物体的结构。
CNA038020440A 2002-01-09 2003-01-08 椎间假体关节 Pending CN1612718A (zh)

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US10/042,589 US6740118B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2002-01-09 Intervertebral prosthetic joint
US10/620,529 US20040073312A1 (en) 2002-01-09 2003-07-16 Intervertebral prosthetic joint

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US20040073312A1 (en) 2004-04-15
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US6740118B2 (en) 2004-05-25
WO2003059212A1 (en) 2003-07-24
JP2005514983A (ja) 2005-05-26
US20060095133A1 (en) 2006-05-04
US20030208273A1 (en) 2003-11-06
CA2472463A1 (en) 2003-07-24

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