CN1589556A - 多频道解调器的数字实现 - Google Patents

多频道解调器的数字实现 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1589556A
CN1589556A CNA028227956A CN02822795A CN1589556A CN 1589556 A CN1589556 A CN 1589556A CN A028227956 A CNA028227956 A CN A028227956A CN 02822795 A CN02822795 A CN 02822795A CN 1589556 A CN1589556 A CN 1589556A
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channel
digital
signal
circuit
multichannel
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CN100466643C (zh
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W·张
T·米斯科
J·沃德布恩
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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BroadLogic Network Technologies Inc
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Abstract

用于实现数字多频道解调电路的方法和电路系统。更特别地，本发明的实施例提供数字多频道解调器电路。解调器包括下变频器，它接收多频道模拟RF信号，并将多频道模拟RF信号移动到较低的频带。ADC从下变频器接收多频道模拟RF信号，并将多频道模拟RF信号转换成多频道数字RF信号。数字频道多路信号分离器从ADC接收多频道数字RF信号，并将多频道数字RF信号多路分解到单独的数字RF频道。

Description

多频道解调器的数字实现
发明背景
本发明主要涉及宽带通信，更特别地，涉及用于实现解调器电路的方法和电路系统。
如视频点播这样的视频服务及家庭服务器预期的部署正得到越来越多的接受。结果，宽带设备制造商更加需要支持多个同时存在并通过有线电视系统发送数字内容的频道。这个需求包括其它系统诸如卫星和陆地的电视系统。同时解调有可能由特定的家庭观看的所有频道，能根本上改变用于视频内容的观看模式，从由网络时间表驱动的模式到由独立于网络的消费者驱动的模式。
图1是一种类型的传统多频道电缆和卫星解调器100的简化高层次方框图，所述类型用于有线电视和卫星系统。多频道RF输入信号一般包括多个RF频道，每个频道具有不同的载波频率的特性，并且依照要在该频道上传送的所需信息调制每个频道。每个频道的带宽小于载波频率的间距。例如，在UHF频带(300MHz至3GHz)中的载波频率可隔开6MHz的间隔。所包括的是接收器链路102a，102b和102c。每个链路包括调谐器110、模数转换器(ADC)120和数字解调器130。数字解调器130包括向前纠错(FEC)电路(未明确示出)。
每个调谐器110的功能是选择落在特定频带内的RF频道。每个RF频道有一个调谐器。对于一个调谐器的输入RF信号包含许多或全部RF频道。每个调谐器接着将其所选择的RF频道的频率转换成较低固定的频率通带用于电缆系统，或者转换成基带用于卫星系统。然后每个ADC 120数字化所选择RF信号。接着每个数字解调器130执行信号解调并且输出带有错误指示信号的恢复的数字位。
每个RF频道需要一个模拟调谐器和模拟带通或低通滤波器。与这个方法有关的问题是成本、功耗和复杂性随着所需要的RF频道的数量上升而上升。
发明概述
本发明提供用于解调信号诸如下行信号的方法和电路系统。至少有些实施例具有较低成本、较低的功耗和/或较低的复杂性。
依照本发明的一个实施例的数字多频道解调器电路包括下变频器，它接收多频道模拟RF信号并且将多频道模拟RF信号移动到较低的频带。ADC从下变频器接收多频道模拟RF信号，并且将多频道模拟RF信号转换成多频道数字RF信号。数字频道多路信号分离器从ADC接收多频道数字RF信号，并且将多频道数字RF信号多路分解到单独的数字RF频道。
其它实施例包括数字选择器和多个解调器，数字选择器接收单独的RF频道并且选择一个或多个RF频道，解调器从数字选择器接收一个或多个RF频道并且解调一个或多个RF频道。
其它实施例包括在多频道解调中使用的数字调谐器。数字调谐器包括产生选择频率的数控振荡器(NCO)，选择频率与相应的和单独的RF频道相关联。复数乘法器接收多频道数字RF信号，并将多频道数字RF信号与选择频率相乘，并且传递结果通过低通滤波器LPF以提取叠加在相应的RF频道上的信号。
其它实施例包括在多频道解调中使用的多相频道多路信号分离器。多相频道多路信号分离器包括至少一个配置为接收多频道数字RF信号和同步RF频道的低通滤波器(LPF)。还包括离散傅立叶变换电路(DFT)，它将多频道数字RF信号多路分解到单独的数字RF频道。
在已知的电路与处理技术和在电子与处理领域中的已知技术的背景下，本发明的实施例实现其目的和优点。不过，通过参考说明书的后面部分、附图和所附的权利要求书可以得到对本发明的性质、特征和优点的进一步理解。
附图说明
图1是在有线和卫星系统中使用的传统多频道有线和卫星解调器的简化高层次方框图；
图2是依照本发明的一个实施例的示例性多频道解调器的简化高层次方框图；
图3是依照本发明的一个实施例的数字调谐器的简化高级示意图；
图4是依照本发明的一个实施例的多相频道多路信号分离器的简化高级示意图；
图5是依照本发明的一个实施例的M×N数字选择器的简化高级示意图；
图6是依照本发明的另一个实施例的示例性多频道解调器的简化高层次方框图；
图7是依照本发明的另一个实施例的使用示例性多频道解调器的简化高层次方框图；以及
图8是依照本发明的另一个实施例的使用示例性多频道解调器的系统的简化高层次方框图。
发明的详细描述
图2是依照本发明的一个实施例的示例性多频道解调器200的简化高层次方框图。下变频器210接收一个或多个多频道模拟RF信号，此信号来源于各种各样的系统，诸如卫星系统、陆地电视系统、电缆系统等。
为了说明，多频道RF信号是在传送多个RF频道的给定频带中的RF信号。进入RF信号的频率能从非常低的频率到非常高的频率变化。而且，在本说明的背景中，RF频道具有落在频带内的载波信号的特性。给定RF频道传送一个或多个“内容”频道，“内容”频道是叠加在该频道的载波频率上的数据流，并且想要由订户访问或使用。如在此使用的，一个RF频道能传送一个或多个内容频道。因此，一个RF频道能提供各种各样的数据流，由订户选择其中的一些，例如音频、视频等。其它数据流可能是预安排的或者是由节目供应商选择的，例如条件性访问数据等。
降频变换器210将多频道模拟RF信号移动到较低的频带。简单地下移这些频率，即，每个RF频道的频带和防护频带相对于彼此保持不变，但由同样的频率将全部平移下来。更具体地说，将多频道模拟RF信号乘以一个参考信号到较低的频带。然后滤出在这个较低频带之外的信号成分。降低频率使得后续阶段能更好地处理信号。例如，在有些特定的实施例中，将频率移动到低于300MHz的频带，因此能由一对300MHz模数转换器(ADC)或者单个600MHz ADC处理它们。对于有线系统，一般使用单个ADC。对于卫星系统，尽管能使用单个ADC，但是因为更严格的要求，例如，由于更高频率，同步更困难，一般使用两个ADC。
在这个特定实施例中，下变频器210的一部分，带通滤波器212减少来自不需要的频道的混叠。因为解调器200只要求一个单阶段下变频器，而不是象在现有技术中的许多RF调谐器，所以减少整个系统的成本。
接着ADC 220将降频变换的多频道模拟RF信号转换成多频道数字RF信号。在这个特定的实施例中，ADC 220是高速ADC，以便能够转换具有n个频道的整个信号频带。
然后数字频道多路信号分离器230将多频道数字RF信号多路分解至单独的数字RF频道C1至Cn。频道多路信号分离器230的特定实现将取决于特定的应用和要求。下面(图2和图3)更详细地描述可供替换的解调器实施例。仍参考图2，n×m的数字选择器240接收多路分解的数字RF频道C1至Cn，以及接着从一个或多个数字RF频道C1至Cn选择一个或多个RF频道D1至Dm。RF频道C1至Cn包含由订户选择或使用的内容频道。数字选择器240的频道搜索能力使其比传统的通过RF调谐器的模拟频道切换更快地。这是因为随后只解调所选择的频道，不象使用RF调谐器的系统解调所有RF频道。本发明的实施例不仅更快，而且耗散更少的热量，因为当只解调所选择的RF频道时，只需要更少的资源。
然后将m个选择的RF频道供给各个解调器250(1)，250(2)，...250(m)。解调器200的结构允许它处理多频道卫星、陆地TV(NTSC，ATSC，DVB-T等)，以及有线下行信号。在有些实施例中，解调器250(1...m)是共享的解调器，因为它们共享资源。能在不同的解调器之间共享许多功能块。这样的功能块，例如，能包括数控振荡器(NCO)、时序错误检测电路系统、载波恢复电路系统等。因为在这样的解调器之间资源共享，能实现显著的节能。因此，在本发明这样的实施例中，在单个芯片中能解调更多的RF频道。在这个特定的实施例中，解调器250(1...m)只解调由数字选择器240选择的RF频道。在其它实施例中，能解调其它内容频道，以及哪些特定的内容频道被解调将取决于特定的应用。在被解调之后，接着将所选择的RF频道D1至Dm供给数字传输接口260。
图3是数字调谐器300的简化高级示意图，在本发明的有些实施例中，能使用数字调谐器300实现图2的数字频道多路信号分离器230。数字解调器300包括n个数控振荡器(NCO)310(1...n)、复数乘法器(complexmultiplier)320(1...n)和低通滤波器(LPF)330(1...n)的集合。由这些元件的每一个构成的一个链路用于每一个RF频道。这些元件的准确数量将取决于要进行信号多路分解的RF频道的数量。在这个特定的实施例中，低通滤波器330是高速有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器。
在操作中，数字解调器300从ADC接收RF频道，诸如图2的ADC 220，然后接着分离数字域中的RF频道C1至Cn。来自ADC的同一多频道RF信号进入每个乘法器，每个RF频道具有唯一的频率。因为图3的所有链路以类似甚至相同的方式运行，为了例示的简易性，所以将只描述数字调谐器300的一个链路。
数字振荡器310(1)产生一个频率，或者“目标”频率，它匹配想得到的RF频道或者“目标”频道的特征频率。将NCO 310(1)的输出乘以在复数乘法器320(1)接收的所有RF频道。当将多频道RF信号乘以NCO 310(1)的输出时，将目标RF频道信号的频率移动到所需的频道。在本发明的有些实施例中，将目标RF频道移动到基带，即以直流为中心。LPF 330(1...n)接收所有的RF频道，并且每一个滤出除其目标RF频道之外的所有RF频道。因而，只有目标RF频道通过。因此，单独的RF频道离开数字调谐器300，即，多频道RF信号被多路分解。数字调谐器电路300接着输出分离的RF频道C1至Cn，每个RF频道以基带为中心。
图4是多相频道多路信号分离器400的简化高级示意图，在本发明的一些实施例中，能使用多相频道多路信号分离器400实现图2的数字频道多路信号分离器230。多相频道多路信号分离器400包括低通滤波器(LPF)410(1...n)的排和离散傅立叶变换电路(DFT)420。每个频道使用一个LPF，并且LPF的准确数量因而将取决于要多路分解的RF频道的数量。在这个特定的实施例中，低通滤波器410是低速有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器。对多相结构，只需要低速FIR滤波器，因为每个滤波器的系数是更大的低通滤波器的一部分。
在运行中，数字频道多路信号分离器400从ADC诸如图2的ADC 220接收多频道RF信号，并且接着分开在数字域中的RF频道C1至Cn。来自ADC的同一多频道RF信号通过下行取样电路430进入每个LPF。更具体地说，在下行取样电路430处取样多频道RF信号，即，在时域中取样，使得多频道RF信号通过LPF410(1...n)。通过LPF 410(1...n)的多频道RF信号包含相同的信息，除了在每次出现中，它被相移和时移。LPF 410(1...n)在时域中同步RF频道，以适当它们只是在相位上不同。
DFT 420从原来的RF载波信号分离RF频道。在有些特定的实施例中，能将DFT420实现为不同大小的快速傅立叶变换(FFT)的组合。DFT 420的功能类似于图3的NCO 310(1...n)的功能。图3的数字调谐器300将每个RF频道与一个唯一的频道相关联，而多相频道多路信号分离器400将每个RF频道与一个唯一的相位相关联。
因此，单独的RF频道离开多相多路信号分离器400，即，多频道RF信号被多路分解。多相多路信号分离器400接着输出分离的RF频道C1至Cn，每个RF频道以基带为中心。
因为图4的多相滤波器方案不要求NCO或者复数乘法器，所以它在芯片上要求较少的资源。而且，它减少多相多路信号分离器400的功耗，因为存在较少的元件。
图5是n×m数字选择器500的简化高级示意图，在本发明的有些实施例中，能使用它实现图2的数字选择器240。数字选择器500包括总线选择器510、一个或多个多数据总线520和时分多路信号分离器530。
在运行中，数字选择器500以数字方式从数字RF频道C1至Cn选择一个或多个RF频道D1至Dm，然后接着将它们通过不同的数据总线(未示出)送到适当的解调器或输出端口(未示出)。因为总线时钟比频道取样速率快得多，所以每条总线能由多个RF频道使用，所述多个RF频道使用在所选择的RF频道进入数据总线之前发生的时分多路复用。因此，每条数据总线为多个解调器提供数据，并且能选择每个来自频道多路信号分离器(未示出)的输出RF信号以使用任何数据总线。
对于这些特定实施例，其它变体、修改或者替换方案是可能的。例如，如上所述，每个单独的RF频道具有一个或多个内容频道。这些RF频道的有些被选择用于解调。被选择用于解调的特定RF频道将取决于特定的应用。
图6是依照本发明的另一个实施例的示例性多频道解调器600的简化高层次框图。解调器600的运行与图2的解调器200相似。在这个特定实施例中，下变频器610接收多频道模拟RF信号。这个信号可以来源于各种各样的系统，诸如卫星系统、陆地电视系统、有线系统等。在这个特定实施例中，信号来源于有线系统。因此，所示的多频道模拟RF信号是在540-750MHz之间。在其它实施例中，信号可以在这个范围之外。如所示，将进入的RF信号分成两个信号组，一个在540-645MHz的范围内，以及另外的在645-750MHz范围内。将每个组降频至较低的20-130MHz频带，使得这些组能由相应的300-MHz ADC 620a和620b处理。
ADC 620a和620b将多频道模拟RF信号转换成多频道数字RF信号。多路信号分离器630将多频道数字RF信号多路分解到单独的数字RF频道C1至Cn。单个多频道RF信号能具有多个单独的RF信号，例如，每多频道RF信号35个RF频道C1至C35。准确的数字将取决于特定的应用。数字选择器640以数字方式从RF频道C1至Cn选择一个或多个RF频道。单个分离的RF频道能具有多个单独的内容信号，例如，每RF频道18个内容频道。准确的数字将取决于特定的应用。例如，在图6中，存在35个单独的RF频道C1至C35。选择那些RF频道的20个RF频道D1至D20。那20个所选择的RF频道被送到一组解调器650(1...20)用于解调。
系统应用
本发明的实施例能在各种各样的系统中使用，以提供有成本合算的、可靠的和节能的解决方案用于家庭娱乐和信息，诸如发送高性能视频、音频和数据内容的复合VLSI(超大规模集成电路)。而且，本发明的实施例利用现有的运行基础设施，同时支持新的家庭网络结构、新型的消费电子设备和新服务。本发明的实施例可以用于使用标准处理CMOS的系统解决方案。图7是使用依照本发明的一个实施例的多频道解调器710的系统700的简化高级框图。在图7上所示的A/D转换器能够位于实现本发明的芯片上或者在一个单独的芯片上。
使用本发明的系统能够执行高级宽带前端，用于数字机顶盒、PVR、家庭网关和家庭媒体中心。图8是使用依照本发明的一个实施例的多频道解调器810的系统800的简化高级框图。图8的系统800是机顶盒/PVR/家庭媒体服务器。使用本发明的系统还能够支持娱乐与信息内容的最广泛的同时接收，同时提供宽带返回频道用于在有线和卫星服务中的双向通信。
结论
总之，可以看到，本发明的实施例提供许多优点。主要地，本发明的实施例消除了对多个下行调谐器/解调器芯片组和多个传输引擎的需求，导致显著减少的成本与能量同时输送超过10倍的性能与容量。对于卫星服务，使用本发明的实施例的系统在没有模拟调谐器的情况下能够接收整个500MHz频带，并且支持DVB-RCS返回频道。对于有线服务，使用本发明的宽带接收器能包含DOCSIS返回频道。本发明的实施例只要求一个或者少量单阶段下变频器而不是许多RF调谐器，这减少了整个系统的成本。而且，本发明的实施例提供频道之间的精确频率分隔，它们共享不同解调器之间的资源，导致显著的节能。而且，通过数字选择器的RF频道搜索比通过RF调谐器的传统模拟频道开关更快。而且，能在卫星和有线系统两者中能利用这个结构。
为了例示和说明的目的，在上面介绍了本发明的特定实施例。全部说明书将使其他本领域的熟练技术人员能够最好地在各种实施例中和用适合于特殊用途的各种修改方案利用和实施本发明。在阅读和理解本揭示之后，许多修改、变体、替换和等价方案对于本领域的熟练技术人员将是显而易见的，并且被确定为在本发明的范围之内。应理解图2-6的实现只是例子，并且在此不应该限制权利要求书的范围。按照本发明，在本领域的一个普通熟练技术人员将认识到许多其它变体、修改和替换方案。例如，RF频道能够在不同的频带中。而且，RF频道不必是连续的。而且，所述的电路和方法能以大量不同的形式(即，软件、诸如CMOS这样的硬件，或者它们的组合)在各种各样的系统中实现。因此，不是旨在穷举或者将本发明限制于所述的特定实施例，而是旨在符合与在此所揭示的原理和新颖性一致的并且如由下面的权利要求书所定义的最宽范围。

Claims (42)

1.一种数字多频道解调器电路，用于处理多频道模拟RF信号，其特征在于，所述多频道解调器包括：
配置为接收所述模拟RF信号并将所述模拟RF信号移动到较低频带的下变频器；
配置为从所述下变频器接收所述模拟RF信号，并将所述模拟RF信号转换成多频道数字RF信号的模拟至数字转换器(ADC)；以及
配置为从所述ADC接收所述数字RF，并将所述数字RF信号多路分解到单独的数字RF频道的数字频道多路信号分离器。
2.如权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于，还包括：
配置为接收所述单独的数字RF频道，并选择一个或多个单独的数字RF频道的选择器；以及
一个或多个配置为从所述选择器接收一个或多个所述选择的数字RF频道，并解调所述一个或多个选择的数字RF频道的解调器。
3.如权利要求2所述的电路，其特征在于，每个单独的数字RF频道包括要由订户访问或使用的一个或多个数据流。
4.如权利要求2所述的电路，其特征在于，所述一个或多个解调器只解调由所述选择器选择的RF频道。
5.如权利要求2所述的电路，其特征在于，还包括配置为从所述一个或多个解调器接收所述RF频道，并输出所述选择的RF频道的数字传输接口。
6.如权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于，还包括带通滤波器，用于减少来自不必要信号的混叠。
7.如权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于，所述ADC是高速ADC。
8.如权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于，所述ADC转换完整的信号频带，所述信号频带包括所述多频道模拟RF信号。
9.如权利要求2所述的电路，其特征在于，所述一个或多个解调器共享资源。
10.如权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于，所述数字频道多路信号分离器包括一数字调谐器
11.如权利要求10所述的电路，其特征在于，所述数字调谐器包括：
被配置为产生选择频率的数控振荡器(NCO)，所述选择频率与相应的RF频道相关联；
配置为接收所述数字RF信号，并将所述数字RF信号乘以所述选择频率的复数乘法器；以及
配置为接收所述数字RF信号以及通过所述相应的RF频道的低通滤波器(LPF)。
12.如权利要求11所述的电路，其特征在于，所述LPF是高速有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器。
13.如权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于，所述数字多频道解调器电路在卫星系统、陆地电视系统和有线系统的至少一个系统中处理下行信号。
14.结合存储器使用权利要求1的所述电路的系统。
15.结合处理器使用权利要求1的所述电路的系统。
16.如权利要求1所述的电路，其特征在于，所述数字频道多路信号分离器是多相频道多路信号分离器。
17.如权利要求16所述的电路，其特征在于，所述多相频道多路信号分离器包括：
一个或多个配置为接收所述多频道数字RF信号以及同步所述RF频道的低通滤波器(LPF)；
配置为接收所述数字RF信号并将所述数字RF信号多路分解到单独的RF频道的离散傅立叶变换电路(DFT)。
18.如权利要求17所述的电路，其特征在于，其特征在于，所述DFT是不同快速傅立叶变换的组合。
19.如权利要求17所述的电路，其特征在于，所述多相频道多路信号分离器包括至少两个LPF，每个LPF滤波器的系数是较大的低通滤波器的一部分。
20.如权利要求17所述的电路，其特征在于，所述LPF是低速有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器。
21.在多频道解调中使用的数字调谐器，其特征在于，所述数字调谐器包括：
至少一个配置为产生选择频率的数控振荡器(NCO)，所述选择频率与相应的和单独的RF频道相关联；
至少一个配置为接收多频道数字RF信号，并将所述多频道数字RF信号乘以所述选择频率以获得所述相应的和单独的RF频道的复数乘法器；
至少一个配置为接收所述数字RF信号并传递所述相应的RF频道的低通滤波器(LPF)。
22.如权利要求21所述的电路，其特征在于，所述LPF是高速有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器。
23.在多频道解调中使用的多相频道多路信号分离器，其特征在于，所述多相频道多路信号分离器包括：
对多频道数字RF信号取样的下行取样电路；
多个配置为接收所述多频道数字RF信号以及同步所述RF频道的低通滤波器(LPF)；以及
配置为接收所述多频道数字RF信号，并将所述多频道数字RF信号多路分解到单独的RF频道的离散傅立叶变换电路(DFT)。
24.如权利要求23所述的电路，其特征在于，所述DFT是不同快速傅立叶变换的组合。
25.如权利要求23所述的电路，其特征在于，所述多相频道多路信号分离器包括至少两个LPF，每个LPF的系数是较大低通滤波器的一部分。
26.如权利要求23所述的电路，其特征在于，所述LPF是低速有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器。
27.如权利要求23所述的电路，所述多相频道多路信号分离器在卫星系统、陆地电视系统和有线系统的至少一个系统中处理下行信号。
28.一种方法，用于将数字多频道RF信号多路分解成多个单独的内容频道，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
降频所述多频道模拟RF信号至较低的频带；
将所述多频道模拟RF信号转换成多频道数字RF信号；以及
将所述多频道数字RF信号多路分解到单独的数字RF频道。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括接收多个多频道模拟RF信号。
30.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括从所述数字频道的至少一个数字频道中选择一个或多个选择的RF频道，每个选择的RF频道是包含要由订户访问或使用的一个或多个内容频道。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括解调所述一个或多个选择的RF频道。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括只解调所述一个或多个选择的RF频道。
33.如权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个多频道模拟RF信号可以来自卫星系统、陆地电视系统和有线系统的至少一个系统。
34.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多路分解还包括：
提供多个选择的频率，每个选择的频率与相应的和单独的RF频道相关联；以及
将所述至少一个多频道RF信号乘以每个所述选择频率以获得单独的RF频道。
35.如权利要求34的方法，其特征在于，所述乘法是用复数乘法器完成的。
36.所述权利要求34的方法，其特征在于，还包括将所述目标RF频道移动到基带。
37.如权利要求34所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括对不想要的RF频道进行滤波并只传递所述目标RF频道。
38.如权利要求37所述的方法，其特征在于，所述滤波是用低通滤波器(LPF)完成的。
39.如权利要求38所述的方法，其特征在于，所述LPF是有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器。
40.如权利要求39所述的方法，其特征在于，所述FIR滤波器是高速滤波器。
41.如权利要求34所述的方法，其特征在于，所述选择频率是由数控振荡器产生的。
42.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多路分解还包括：
同步使用LPF同步的多频道RF信号的取样；以及
移动所述RF频道的频率。
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