CN1489842A - 使用会话序列的多路访问通信的动态带宽分配 - Google Patents

使用会话序列的多路访问通信的动态带宽分配 Download PDF

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CN1489842A
CN1489842A CNA028043979A CN02804397A CN1489842A CN 1489842 A CN1489842 A CN 1489842A CN A028043979 A CNA028043979 A CN A028043979A CN 02804397 A CN02804397 A CN 02804397A CN 1489842 A CN1489842 A CN 1489842A
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channel
sequence
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CN100459467C (zh
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R.
劳伦斯·R.·弗尔
A.
小詹姆斯·A.·普罗科特
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Intel Corp
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种通过经由协议和现有蜂窝信令的独特结合，通过标准无线连接来提供高速数据业务的技术。信道资源基于基站(104)和多个用户单元(101－1，…，101－n)间的缓存监控方案进行分配。每个缓存器(440－1，…，440－n)随时间来监控数据的阈值，并且考虑到进入缓存器(440－1，…，440－n)的数据，计算出概率。

Description

使用会话序列的多路访问通信的动态带宽分配
背景技术
无线电话和个人计算机的广泛使用导致了对曾经考虑仅仅用于特定应用的高端电信服务的相应需求。20世纪八十年代，使用蜂窝电话网络的无线语音通信得到了广泛地应用。因其昂贵的用户费用，这样的服务最初主要考虑的为商人的专用范围。对远程分布式计算机网络的访问也同样存在此情况，这就是直到现在为什么只有商人和大型机构能够买得起必要的计算机和有线接入设备的原因。作为这两项技术的广泛可用的结果，使目前普通用户不仅增强了对接入因特网和专用企业内部网的愿望，而且同样增加了以无线方式接入这些网络的愿望。对于使用便携式计算机、膝上型计算机、手持个人数字助理等诸如此类计算机的用户来说，其更为关心的是不受电话线的限制而接入这些网络。
目前仍然没有令人满意的可广泛使用现有无线基础设施，低廉、高速地接入因特网、专用企业内部网和其它网络的解决方案。此情形与几种不合时宜环境中的人工复制品非常相似。首先，通过无线网络为商务环境提供高速数据业务的典型方式与多数家庭或办公室里的语音升级业务是不相匹配的。这种标准高速数据业务同样没有很好的支持标准蜂窝无线手机的有效传输。而且，现有的蜂窝网络最初仅仅是为了传输语音业务而设计的。其结果是尽管某些方案，例如为数据传输调节提供一些不对称状态的测量，但是目前数字无线通信协议和调制方案的重点仍取决于语音。例如，IS-95前向通信信道的数据速率可从1.2千比特每秒(kbps)调节增加到9.6 kbps，称为速率设置1；且可从1.8 kbps调节增加到14.4 kbps，称为速率设置2。但是，在反向链路通信信道，数据速率固定在4.8 kbps。
因此，现有的此系统的设计典型地提供了前向调节速率最大范围仅为14.4千比特每秒(kbps)的无线信道。这样的低速率信道无法给予其自身直接以56.6 kbps的速率进行传输，而此速率正是目前使用的廉价的有线调制解调器的速率，更不用说像128kbps这样应用在综合服务数字网(ISDN)这类设备中的更高速率了。此水平的数据速率已经迅速成为例如浏览网页的行为的最低可接受速率。如数字用户环路(xDSL)服务等的使用更高速标准部件的其它类型的数据网络目前在美国正在被开始使用。然而，其费用直到最近才降到能吸引居民用户的程度。
尽管在最初设计蜂窝网络的时候就已经配置这种网络，但是在很大程度上，在基于蜂窝网络拓扑还没有准备提供更高速的ISDN或xDSL等级的数据业务。遗憾的是，在无线环境中由多用户接入信道是昂贵的并且对其还存在竞争。无论多路接入是由基于一组无线载波使用模拟调制的传统的频分多址(FDMA)所提供的，还是由使用时分多址(TDMA)或者码分多址(CDMA)的允许无线载波共享的新型数据调制所提供的，无线频谱特性为期望媒介被共享。这点与传统的数字传输环境完全不同，有线媒介能够相对低廉地获得，因此不必特意地设计共享。
其它考虑的是数据本身特性。例如，伴随不对称数据速率传输需求，访问网页通常是定向突发的(burst-oriented)。特别地，当远端客户计算机的用户首次将网页的地址指定到浏览器程序时。浏览器程序接着将此一般为100字节或者更少长度的网页地址数据，通过网络传输到服务器计算机。服务器计算机然后对请求网页的内容作出响应，其可包含10K字节到几兆字节的文本、图片、音频甚至视频数据。然后在用户请求另外一个页面下载前，可能花费几秒钟或者甚至几分钟来阅读这些网页的内容。因此，对前向信道数据速率的要求，即从基站到用户的数据速率，典型的将是反向信道数据速率的很多倍。
在办公环境中，多数员工的计算机操作习惯的特性是有代表性地检查一些网页，然后延续一定时间而做别的事情，例如去访问本地存储数据或者甚至完全停止使用计算机。因此，即便这种用户可能期望一整天都连在因特网或者专用企业内部网上，需要支持从特定用户单元来往的所需数据传输行为的全部特性实际上是非常零星的。
此外，现有技术的无线通信系统为单独的用户提供了持续的带宽。即在这样的网络中，在通信会话中所有时间内的可用带宽为常量，并正如上所述主要被设计为语音等级的用途。
发明内容
基于无线网络的数据传输的现有技术方法存在许多问题。如上所述，单一用户单元信道的可用带宽大小通常是固定的。然而，数据通信本质上趋向于突发性，经常在特定时间内需要大量的带宽，而在其它时间上其需求数量又很小，甚至没有。这种带宽需求上的大范围波动的发生在时间上可能非常接近。
例如，当使用超文本传输协议(HTTP)浏览网站时，用户主要通过选择或点击到一个页面的单个链接，其使得客户计算机将小的页面请求包发送到网站服务器。在接收链路方向的请求包需要非常小的带宽。为响应该请求，服务器主要在前向链路方向向客户端发送范围在10到100千字节(kB)大小或更大的一个或多个网页。接收这些页面所需的带宽比请求这些页面要大的多。很少考虑到可接受的接收网页的所需要的合适的带宽，是由于目前的无线协议在最优条件下仅仅提供大约9600bps的最大数据速率的这样的低效率。这就导致了服务器直到网络能够“跟上”数据的传输之前必须保留一些被请求的数据，并且同时也使受挫的用户进行缓慢响应和网页进行多次下载。从本质上说，发送请求的带宽比其所需求的要大的多，去接收页面的带宽对可接受的速率下的传输数据来说是不够的。
现有技术系统的另外一个问题是，页面请求信息离开无线网络并且成为有线界限的时间，与被请求数据的页面进入数据通信会话的无线部分的时间的差异，后者的时间通常很长。这种来自请求的时间到接收时间的延迟是网络和服务器拥塞的原因之一。
本发明部分上是基于等待来自有线线路网络的数据的时间段中，对所浪费的带宽而进行的观察。现有技术的无线通信系统中，即使无线客户端可能正在等待返回页面，其也在整个数据通信会话中维持9600bps的无线连接的全部带宽的恒久的可用性。因此，实际未用的带宽被浪费了，因为这种数据通信无法把正在使用的该数据通信的会话的信道资源分配到另外一个需要更大带宽的会话中去。也就是说，比如在此例中，如果为其它用户单元产生其它同时发生的无线数据通信会话，在现有技术的系统中这些同时发生的会话将无法利用任何未用带宽向仅仅在等待返回页面的客户进行分配。
本发明经由协议和现有蜂窝信令的独特结合，提供通过标准无线连接的高速数据和语音业务，例如在码分多址(CDMA)类型的系统中是可用的。本发明通过接入CDMA信道的更为有效的分配实现了高速的数据速率。
特别地，本发明提出用于确定在M个用户中的N个固定速率数据信道的有效分配的方案。本发明解决了在用户竞争使用信道时如何有效分配这些信道的问题。例如，当用户的存在数量多于信道时，本发明确定了用户在何时需要进行信道接入的一组概率，并据此分配信道资源。本发明也从空闲用户处动态取走或者对信道(即带宽)进行去分配，并且为需要这些带宽的用户提供或分配这些空闲的信道。
根据在基站和多个用户单元之间的前向和反向链路上所提供的缓存器监控方案，对信道资源进行分配。数据缓存器为每个基站和用户单元之间的连接进行维护。每个缓存器随时间对在该缓存器中要转输数据的阈值进行监控。实质上，阈值为每个受监控的相应用户单元随时间测量缓存器“充满度”的情况。对于每一个缓存器，计算出指示为每隔多久特定用户的特定缓存需要传输数据以及多少数据将被传输的概率。此概率值考虑到了数据到达缓存的速率，同时考虑了其超出了哪个缓存的阈值，还考虑到了哪个以信道形式的资源已经分配给了用户单元。基于此概率值，数据传输的信道资源可以依靠预先的需求进行分配或解除分配到用户单元。
附图说明
本发明的前述的以及其他目的、特征和优点在下面关于本发明的优选实施例的说明变得更加明显，如附图所示的，使用相同的附图标记指示所有不同视图的相同部分。附图并不必是按比例的，取而代之则是强调例示了本发明的原理。
图1是根据本发明的使用带宽管理方案的无线通信系统的实施例的方框图；
图2是在给定的射频(RF)信道中如何进行信道分配的示意图；
图3是说明无线通信系统协议层的示意图；
图4例示了应用在基站中的会话序列和数据缓存器的结构；
图5是缓存器等级示意图；
图6是资源被增加时的缓存器等级示意图；
图7是资源被取走时的缓存器等级示意图。
具体实施方式
更特别地，现在开始关注附图，图1是基于无线连接提供高速数据业务的系统100的方框图，该连接是通过例如传输控制协议/网际协议(TCP/IP)等的无缝集成有线数字数据协议，以及像码分多址(CDMA)等的数字调制业务无线服务而进行的。
系统100由两个不同类型的部分组成，包含用户单元101-1，101-2，...，101-n(统称用户101)和一个或多个基站104，以提供获得本发明实施例所希望的必要功能。用户单元101提供无线数据和/或语音服务，并且能够通过基站104，可以将诸如膝上型计算机、便携式计算机、个人数字助理(PDA)等设备连接到如公共交换电话网络(PSTN)、分组交换计算机网络、或其它数据网络如因特网或者专用内部网的网络105上。基站104可以基于任何数量的不同有效通信协议与网络105进行通信，这些协议可以是主速率(primaryrate)ISDN，或基于如IS-634或V5.2协议的其他的LAPD，或当网络105是如因特网的以太网网络时甚至可以是TCP/IP。用户单元101实际上可以是移动的，在与基站104通信时能够从一个位置运动到另一个位置。
为了简化本发明的说明，图1例示了一个基站104和三个移动用户单元101。本发明对于典型地具有更多的用户单元101与一个或多个基站104通信的情况是同样适用的。
对于本领域普通技术人员不难理解，图1可以是如CDMA、TDMA、GSM或者其它在基站104和用户单元101之间分配有无线信道的系统的标准蜂窝通信系统。然而，本发明更特别地应用在非语音传输中，并且能够更好的应用在可变带宽的数字数据传输中。因此，在一个优选的实施方案中，图1在空中接口上应用码分多址原理的类似CDMA的系统。当然，可以理解本发明并不局限于使用如IS-95或者新出现的CDMA协议如IS-95B标准的CDMA协议。本发明对于其它多址技术也同样适用。
为了在用户单元101和基站104之间提供数据和语音通信，通过从基站104向用户单元101传送信息的前向通信信道110，以及从用户单元101向基站104传送信息的反向通信信道111，通过有限数目的无线信道资源提供数据的无线传输。本发明根据每个用户单元101的需求提供这些有限信道资源的动态带宽管理。同样应当可以理解数据信号进行双向传输通过CDMA无线信道110和111，也就是将源于用户单元101的数据信号耦合到网络105，将从网络105接收的信号耦合到用户单元101。
图2提供了在系统100中如何进行无线带宽动态分配的实施例。首先，在用户单元101或基站104内的典型接收机可以依指令被调节到在更大带宽上的任意1.25兆赫兹(MHz)的信道上，例如分配到蜂窝电话中的无线频谱时达到了30MHz。在美国，该带宽在800至900MHz之间是典型地有效的。对于PCS类型的无线系统，将5或10MHz的带宽典型地被分配在1.8到2.0GHz的范围内。除此之外，典型地具有一对同时激活的相匹配的频带，其被如80MHz的保护频带分离；该两个匹配的频带在基站104和用户单元101之间形成一个前向和反向的全双工通信链路。
在用户单元101和基站170中，传输处理器(即收发信机)能够在任意给定的时间点调谐到1.25MHz无线频率信道。通常认为提供此1.25MHz无线频率载波在可接受的比特错误率限制内，最好可以提供总体相当于约500到600kbps的最大数据速率传输速度。在现有技术中，通常考虑为了支持XDSL类型的连接，其最多能够容纳128kbps速率的信息，每个无线信道最多支持仅仅大约(500kbps/128kbps)或仅仅三(3)个用户单元101。
与此相比，当前系统100将可使用无线信道资源再分为相对大量的子信道，然后提供一个在基站104和每个用户单元101之间可以最好地进行数据传输的分配这些子信道的方法，反之亦然。在图2说明的实施例中，带宽被分配为六十四(64)个子信道300。在此应当理解在CDMA类型系统的情况中，子信道300使用大量不同伪随机(PN)中的一个或正交信道编码，物理地实施对数据传输的编码。例如，在单一CDMA射频(RF)载波情况下，子信道300能够通过使用不同正交编码为每个所定义子信道300进行定义。(子信道300在下面论述中同样也是指“信道”，这两个术语在此段之前可交替使用)。
如上所述，信道300仅仅按需进行分配。例如，在特定用户单元101请求大量的数据传输时给予其多路信道300。在优选实施方案中，为了允许为独立用户单元101的数据速率达到大约5兆比特每秒时，单一用户单元101可以被给予多达28个这样的信道。这些信道300在用户单元101的负荷相对较轻时会被解除分配。
通过调节编码速率和使用于每个连接中的调制类型，如信道数目，能够获得最大适应性。一个分配信道编码的特定方案，前向纠错(FEC)编码速率和符号调制类型在2001年1月31日申请的美国共同未决的专利申请序列号为09/773,253，名称为“Maximizing DataRate by Adjusting Code and Coding Rates in CDMA system(通过CDMA系统调整码字和码字速率获得最大数据速率)”申请中有所描述，此申请转让给与本申请相同的受让人Tantivy通信公司，在此合并作为参考。
在讨论信道300如何更好地分配和基站104之前，基站104通过213建立并分配一个相应的数据缓存器211。数据缓存器211通过213存储将要传输到相应用户单元101的数据。即在优选实施方案中，基站104有对应于每个用户单元101的独立数据缓存器。当用户单元进入和退出与基站104的通信会话或连接时，缓存器的数目可以改变。在通过213分配的与基站104通信的用户单元101的数目与缓存器211的数目总是存在一一对应的关系。例如，通过213的缓存器211可以是例如由软件控制的队列或其它存储结构，或者可以是由快速缓存控制的硬件。
在基站104和用户单元101中实施的上层协议中，决定如何分配信道和再分配的特定处理能够在数据服务功能处驻留。
特别地现在参照图3，示意了例如典型地与第三代(3G)无线通信服务相联系的协议层的图。协议层遵循开放式系统互联(OSI)分层模型，其包括物理层120、媒体访问控制子层130、链路访问控制子层140和上层通信层150。物理层120提供了物理层的处理，如各个逻辑信道的编码和调制。对逻辑信道的访问通过在MAC子层130中，包括有信道复用子层132、无线链路协议子层133以及SRPB 134中的不同功能而进行控制，信令链路访问控制功能141在LAC子层140中被提供。
上层处理150包括上层信令151、数据业务152和语音业务153。因此，将信道分配或解除分配给特定网络层连接的特定判决处理驻留在上层150的数据业务功能152中。数据业务功能152在MAC子层130与无线链路协议133通信以执行其功能，如按需端到端地发送分配和解除分配信道信息。
现在参照图4，在这里与确定何时应该分配或解除分配信道的处理相关，更详细的说明基站104和用户单元101的各个组成部分。
图4是在数据业务功能152中实现面向会话的缓存方案的实施例更为详细的示意图。图4还特别地说明了其是如何在基站104中实现的。网络层业务使用如传输控制协议/网际协议(TCP/IP)等的典型网络路由协议，路由到基站104。在基站104中，输入业务流被分离为目的是单独用户单元101-1，101-2，...101-n的单独业务流。可以通过如检查TCP/IP报头的目的地址字段对业务流进行分离。单独的业务流首先传输至传输模块401-1，401-2，...401-n，同时传输模块401与每个预定用户单元101一一对应。给定的传输模块401是在为每个用户单元101执行预发数据处理步骤链中的第一步。此处理流程链不仅包括由传输模块401所实现的功能，而且还包括大量的会话序列410、会话复用器420以及传输缓存器440。各种传输缓存器440-1，440-2，...，444-n的输出随后由形成在前向无线链路110上进行传输的数据的传输处理器450进行组合。
现在再次参照图4的上部，每个传输模块401负责或监控通信流，方法是存储属于与传输模块401相关的会话序列410中特定序列中不同传输层会话中的业务流数据。例如，分配了用以路由至用户单元101的处理数据的传输模块401-1与会话序列410-1-1，410-1-2，...410-1-m的数目m相联系。在优选实施方案中，给定会话的特征在于使用特定的传输协议。例如，在面向会话的传输的协议中，会话序列410被分配给每个会话。该面向会话的传输协议例如包括传输控制协议。在无会话传输的协议中，会话序列410优选地被分配给每个数据流。该无会话协议例如可以是用户数据报协议(UDP)。因此，目的为特定用户单元101-1的业务并不是简单地路由至用户单元101-1。首先，来自于传输层方面的不同类型的业务将首先路由至与此特定连接相联系的单独会话序列401-1-1，401-1-2，...401-1-m。
由传输模块401执行的另外一个关键功能是将与之相联系的优先级分配到单独序列410-1。随后可以理解，根据特定用户单元101的可用带宽，高优先级业务将先于低优先级业务传输至缓存器440-1。其可能包括不是面向会话的业务，例如能够传输语音和/或视频信息的实时业务或数据流协议。
更特别地，传输模块401-1将每个单独会话序列410-1的优先级报告至与之相联系的会话复用器420。通常，由会话复用器420选择高优先级的业务加载至传输缓存器440-1中，以加载低优先级业务。使用已知技术如加权的公平排队算法(WFQ)或其它首先加载最早序列数据的方案，对相同优先级的通信量进行任意地公平选择。
与每个会话序列相联系的优先级可以从例如为每个用户保留的简表数据记录中获得。例如，一些用户可能指定他们请求的在TCP类型会话连接传输的网页具有低于在UDP类型连接中携带的音频流信息的优先级。优先级也可以基于被传输的数据内容的其它方面。例如，来自专用数据网的被前向传输的业务能够被给予一个高于来自公共网的被前向传输的业务的优先级。
每个会话复用器420-1，420-1，...，420-n向会话管理器430报告当前管理的所有会话序列410的状态的指示。会话管理器430同样也接收由信道分配器209为每个单独用户单元101给定的当前的前向信道分配的指示。信道分配器209监控基站中传输缓存器440的使用率。依据收到的有关响应于传输缓存器440的被排队的数据的数量状态的特征信息，信道资源分配器209随后确定一个代表每个用户单元101在有效前向链路无线信道110上接收数据的相对需求的紧急系数。使用这些紧急系数，信道资源分配器209能够动态地分配出将被分配到每个用户单元101的信道资源的最佳数目。有关在信道分配中紧急系数的详细论述将在下面进行更为详细的解释。
为估计有线网络中及时的在任意特定瞬时上能够通过的数据的数量，会话管理器430也需要在另一传输层会话结束时继续运行对等待时间的估计或将呼叫网络105备分到任意特定服务器上。因此，传输模块401监视来自位于有线网络105中不同的网络服务器的单独会话流，并且能够估计延迟时间，例如通过确定典型TCP往返时间进行估计。传输模块401将此信息报告至会话管理器430。
包含所有此信息的会话管理器430当感知来自有线网络中的特定单独用户单元101的当前进入数据流大于由当前信道配置允许用户单元的数据速率时，能够向信道资源分配器209发送信道请求。如前面所述的，信道配置可以包括对每个特定信道已分配的信道数目、编码速率以及符号调制速率。同样地，会话管理器430在如果来自有线网络105的进入数据流小于当前分配给前向链路的最大数据速率，在能够为特定用户单元101-1释放分配信道资源时，会通知信道资源分配器209。
如果使用分割连接传输的方法(如在RFC2757—长瘦型网络(Long Thin Network)中所描述的，参见http：//www ietf.org/rfc/rfc2757.txt？number＝2757)，会话管理器430能够发送请求到传输数据模块401，以中止任何特定会话或多个会话数据流。如果该会话为TCP会话，传输模块401随后能够主动将网络105另一端的TCP发送器置为所谓的持续模式，由此中止此外所有的会话流。如果会话是流或不可靠的协议，如UDP，丢失简表将确定队列和进入数据是如何丢失的特性。如果会话管理器430请求应该为特定用户单元101-1分配更多的前向带宽和请求被拒绝，会话信息将会中止或丢失。
如果信道请求被拒绝，会话管理器430随后根据内容优先级信息确定被调节、中止或丢失的会话信息。如上文所示，传输会话管理器401保持信息以允许根据内容区分它们独立会话序列410的优先级，因此这些传输模块401能够根据优先级选择起动和/或终止正确的会话序列。
每个传输缓存器440都被标记用以计算每个缓存器440的紧急系数等级。紧急系数通过信道分配器209在每一用户的每一的内容基础上用来确定信道的分配。图4中指示的如L1、L2和L3的等级，表示为信道分配和/或解除分配的边界线点。特别地，当传输缓存器440-1被充满时和等级被越过时，用户单元101-1可能需要分配更多的前向链路带宽的指示发送至信道资源分配器209。如果此请求被拒绝，信道资源分配器209然后将此指示发送到会话管理器430。
相反地，当传输缓存器440-1空闲和等级被越过时，指示被送至信道资源分配器209，相关的用户单元101-1可能将前向业务信道取走或者解除分配而不影响到端对端性能。
等级L1，L2..L3的值因此能够限定在流量阈值下。此等级基本代表为每个单独用户单元101分配的有效编码速率的和信道编码参数。确定阈值等级需要两个条件。第一，在有线网络的传输往返时间需要被估计或初始近似值需要被设置。对于TCP会话，做出连续的往返时间(RTT)的估计。对于面向流的会话，如UDP，能够得出另外一个近似值，例如是在使用UDP协议的在一特定的实时应用中，能够最优化用户感受的队列数据的多少的功能。
第二，需要确定通过空中接口的数据速率。其是分配给特定用户单元当前码速率(CR)和分配信道数目(NCH)的功能。这些值由信道资源管理器209确定。
由无线连接的质量确定的码速率被分配给用户单元101。对于每个分配的码速率，用户也可以被分配一定数目的信道。因此，有一种方案为每个有效分配的信道分配一个等级。所以，等级L1-LC在任意时间上给定瞬时对服务连接是可用的，这里C指示了被分配信道的数目。因此等级L1-LC改变每次分配的信道数目，同时每次也改变码速率。详细地说，与每个L等级相联系的特定缓存器等级将依据可用码速率改变。
图5例示了特定传输缓存器440的示意图。根据网络105中往返传输时间和通过分配到特定用户单元101的前向链路无线信道110的当前可用数据速率的知识，能够如下计算等级L1-LC：
Ln＝下溢阈值＝DRAir(编码速率和信道配置)*Δt，
其中DRAir是通过空气接口的数据速率，并且往返传输时间是通过有线网络105已估计的时间或设置的往返时间。Δt是用以监控进入数据流的时间间隔。如果此方案仅仅用以优化面向会话的TCP连接，Δt也可以依据有效缓存器的空间，认为是由TCP端点所估计的所有往返时间的最大值或者平均值。
发送将要分配到一个特定用户单元101更多带宽的请求的条件由下面关系式描述：
[ B C Δt + ( Σ i = 1 max Fi n i * Δt ) ] > L ( n + 1 )
其中Δt是用来监控进入数据流的时间间隔，BCΔt表示在一个特定时间帧开始时的当前传输缓存器的容量，Fini减Finmax代表从会话或者流向传输缓存器440的所有进入数据流，L(n+1)是在Δt时间内为下次增加信道配置能够通过无线前向链路110发送的数据总量。
注意到对于面向会话的TCP流，其最大Finsubi等于由往返传输时间划分的最大通知接收窗口。在特定时间间隔内所有进入流的合并大于Δt时间间隔内下次增加信道容量分配能够被传输的数据总量。
图6用在图中代表Δt时间段内进入流量方框箭头表示了这一情况。
为用户单元发送信道解除分配请求条件由以下关系式给出：
[ B C &Delta;t + ( &Sigma; i = 1 max Fi n i * &Delta;t ) ] < L ( n )
其中L(n)是为当前信道配置的Δt时间内能够通过已分配的前向链路信道110被发送的数据总量。在特定时间间隔内当合并所有进入流时此情况发生，Δt小于在当前信道容量分配的此时间间隔内被传输的数据总量。在示意图7中用代表时间Δt内进入流的数量的方框箭头表示了这一情况。
注意到在实际的实施方案中，传输缓存器440可能仅是由会话管理层430或会话复用器420中的一个数据结构表示的理论上的序列。传输缓存器440实际是驻留在任意特定用户单元101的所有会话序列410中的所有数据的组合。使用同样的逻辑为传输缓冲器数据结构确定应急系数和等级，即，此逻辑可在会话管理器430和/或会话复用器420中实现，而不是作为一个单独物理数据存储结构和相关的逻辑。
因此，本发明提供了加载传输序列以及如何在每一个用户基础上对附加资源进行请求和/或分配和/或解除分配的有益方法。依据观察缓存器充满率，能够对给特定用户的单独传输序列进行数据等级和信道的分配或再指定的监控。因此信道资源分配器209根据应用内容了解通过基站的业务类型。其在竞争可用资源时，允许更多智能有效信道的分配。因此，通过基于当前配置的前向链路无线信道容量，结合上溢和下溢阈值的计算对传输层已知信道进行分配和解除分配，从而使在前向链路方向的基站和用户单元间的连接达到最优化。
虽然本发明参照最优实施方案进行了特别地说明和描述，但可以理解本领域普通技术人员在形式和细节上进行多种改变，而不脱离本发明附加权利要求中涉及的范围。

Claims (14)

1.一种从有限数目的信道资源分配和解除分配信道资源的方法，所述信道资源用于从基站发射机向多个用户单元的接收机传输数据，该方法包括步骤：
把将要发射的数据按多个数据序列存储在特定的一个用户单元接收机中，其中多个序列与每个接收机相关联，并且每个分配了的处理数据业务的序列具有特定的业务类型属性；
在发射机内的发射处理器接收数据，该数据来自于用来传输至特定的接收机的多个序列；
为此特定接收机分配多个信道资源；和
为了动态分配最佳数目的信道资源到发射机和接收机之间的通信链路，由信道资源分配器监控每个序列的使用情况以确定传输至每个序列相应接收机的数据的紧急性。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，多个序列中的每一个都具有相联系的多个阈值，每个阈值与存储在各自序列中的数据的级别相关联。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，业务属性包括内容类型。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，业务属性包括传输机制类型。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，从包括文件传输协议(FTP)和超文本传输协议(HTTP)的组中选择应用类型。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，从包括传输控制协议/网际协议(TCP/IP)和用户数据报协议(UDP)的组中选择传输类型。
7.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，序列阈值指示数据下溢。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，给定用户的单独序列与不同传输层会话相关联。
9.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，由分配给与发射机和接收机之间链路相关联的通信信道的码速率确定序列阈值。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，序列阈值取决于往返传输时间。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，序列阈值取决于往返传输时间和编码速率。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，序列阈值取决于信道中的预期质量和数据速率。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
基于在与该序列相关联的多个相关阈值中累计数据收集的统计信息，计算与每个序列相关的紧急系数，该紧急系数表示与每个序列相关联的发射机发送数据的相对需求，并且其中每个序列的紧急系数用来确定将要分配给发射机和接收机之间的连接的最佳信道资源的数目。
14.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括以下步骤：
通过确定具有最大紧急系数U的缓存器是否超过相应的高阈值和具有最小紧急系数U的缓存器是否超过相应的低阈值，确定如何在缓存器之间分配可用信道，并且如果这样，为具有最小紧急系数的缓存器解除分配一个资源信道并且为具有最大紧急系数的缓存器重新分配一个资源信道。
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