CN1461967A - Ion-colour controlled electrophoresis display device - Google Patents
Ion-colour controlled electrophoresis display device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1461967A CN1461967A CN 02121017 CN02121017A CN1461967A CN 1461967 A CN1461967 A CN 1461967A CN 02121017 CN02121017 CN 02121017 CN 02121017 A CN02121017 A CN 02121017A CN 1461967 A CN1461967 A CN 1461967A
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Abstract
An ion-color controlled electrophoretic display device is composed of electrodes and electrophoretic pool in which there are the color and image displaying material and the ionized substance for controlling said displaying material under direct drive of electric field. Its advantages are high response speed and contrast, wide visual angle, memory function, and very thin and foldable device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control.
Background technology
Electrophoresis is to describe to be dispersed in the electrophoresis solution phenomenon that the particle with electric charge moves along the direction of electric field. This electrophoresis system is by electrode, tiselius apparatus, and electrolyte solution, holder forms. The electrophoresis system that does not have holder is the free electrophoresis system. The demonstration of adopting electrophoresis method to be used for image and literal has been gone through many decades and had been done many-sided research. Usually used electrophoresis showed method is under the effect of electric field, and the material that will be used for image and literal demonstration directly moves and (the Ota et al 1973 that shows along the direction of electric field; Dalisa, 1977). This electrophoresis showed method shows United States Patent (USP) 6,323,989 with the method for tiselius apparatus or micro-capsule (microelectrophoretic cell of sealing) usually; 5,914,805; 5,754,332; In 5,604,027 announcement was arranged. This display mode is that electrophoresis directly drives explicit representation. This display packing is used for manifolding (duplicating) technology and image display technology always. Particularly be subjected to the impact of wet printing technology, electrophoresis showed side adopts this electrophoresis directly to drive display packing to carry out image and show always. Therefore, present display material used in the electrophoretic display apparatus of this ion-colour control is all with positive charge or negative electrical charge. Used display material is the display material of a kind of color or two kinds of different colours. The display material of same color is with same electric charge. The display material of two kinds of different colours is wherein a kind of another kind of with negative electrical charge with positive charge. It is transparent that show electrode has an electrode at least. Because the thickness of two interelectrode distances or tiselius apparatus is at micron order, add some dyestuffs in the electrophoresis solution and be used for hidden display material, be called background dye. For the display system of only using a kind of display material, when adding opposite voltage on two lateral electrodes, just to the direction motion away from display screen, the color of background dye only appears to its display material in display screen. When carrying out the image demonstration with two kinds of display materials, along with the change of direction of an electric field, display material exchanges demonstration, and namely a kind of display material is away from display screen, the display material of another oppositely charged and color is then shifted to display screen (Comiskey et al, 1998; 6,323,989; 5,604,027). Carry out a kind of color or two kinds of colors demonstrations, the mode that this electrophoresis directly drives is enough to be competent at. But, owing to charged plasmid moves towards a direction along electric field, so be difficult to carry out the demonstration of two or more colors at a display surface. This is that the puzzlement electrophoretic techniques is used for one of the colored reason that shows (United States Patent (USP) 6,323,989; 6,067,185; 6,327,072; 4,891,245; 4,833,464; 5,754,332).
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to realize a kind of electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control, carry out color by this device and show that not only responsing reaction is fast, and contrast is large that the visual angle is wide, be applicable to image and literal and show.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following technical scheme, the electrophoretic display apparatus of this ion-colour control includes electrode, tiselius apparatus, in tiselius apparatus, have the display material that carries out color and image demonstration, and adopt electric field directly to drive, be used for controlling the Ionized material that described display material carries out color and image demonstration.
Its distinguishing feature of electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention is directly to drive without electric field to be used for carrying out the used display material of image demonstration, is used for the non-display material that the control display material shows but drive under the effect of electric field. The change color of control display material reaches and carries out that pictograph shows by the concentration of controlling these non-display materials. This is distinct with usually used electrophoresis showed method. Compare with common electrophoresis showed method, the electrophoresis that this method that reaches the color demonstration by electric field driven control material is a kind of indirect type drives display packing.
In the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention, the ionised species of described control display material is can Ionized inorganic matter or can Ionized organic matter or can Ionized macromolecule compound, can Ionized inorganic matter is in one or more or the inorganic salts in one or more or the inorganic base in the inorganic acid one or more; Can Ionized organic matter be one or more or the salt compounds of organic acid and organic base in one or more or the organic base in the organic acid; Can natural polymer or synthetic macromolecular compound for example be arranged the ionization macromolecule compound, natural polymer includes one or more in cellulose, polysaccharide, fatty acid, protein and the nucleic acid; Synthetic macromolecular compound for example has one or more in polyacrylic acid, polylysine, poly arginine, polyglutamic acid and the poly-aspartic-acid, the ionised species of described control display material or in free mode in electrophoresis solution, or be cured on the holder, said curing here comprises that the mode by chemical bond is coupled on the holder or is trapped in the holder.
In the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention, described display material includes one or more in acid-base indicator compounds, fluorescence indicator compounds, dyestuff, pigment and the macromolecule chromophore compound, described display material or in free mode in electrophoresis solution, or be cured on the holder, said curing here comprises that the mode by chemical bond is coupled on the holder or is trapped in the holder.
In the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention, when the compound in the described display material is two or more, their part by weight or homogeneous, or non-homogeneous.
In the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention, described display material is the fluorescence indicator compounds, and is equipped with the ultraviolet light source system of a correspondence.
In the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention, the ionised species of the display material in the described tiselius apparatus and control display material is on apparent or liquid-type, or liquid-solid type, or solid type, solid type also comprises micro-capsule, microballoon system, the electrophoresis solution that the Ionized material of described display material and control display material forms or water-soluble, or water-insoluble, or the two compatibility.
In the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention, curing materials or cellulose macromolecular material or gel-like macromolecular material or resinae macromolecular material or the Plastic macromolecular material of described Ionized material for solidifying display material and control display material, but, be not limited to these materials.
In the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention, the material of described electrode or metal material or inorganic transparent conductive material or organic transparent conductive material, described electrode or an electrode or two electrodes are transparent, the driving voltage on the described electrode or interchange or direct current.
In the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention, be provided with dielectric substrate between the display layer that the Ionized material of described display material and control display material forms and the electrode, dielectric substrate or electric bridge or conductive layer, dielectric substrate or inorganic matter or organic matter or macromolecule or their mixture consists of.
In the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention, the electrophoretic display apparatus of described ion-colour control or fixed or folding.
The display mechanism of electrophoresis showed method of the present invention and cathode-ray tube has its similarity. The display material of cathode-ray tube is comprised of special additive and highly purified phosphorus. Under the strike of electron beam, phosphorus is that the radiation of visible light shows namely there is one by the transfer process of electronics-visible light with the power conversion of electronics. The present invention shows namely there is one by ion-chromophoric transfer process with the change color of the chromophoric group of ionic control display material.
These are used for the control display material and show that the material of usefulness mainly is can Ionized compound, comprise mineral-type, organic and macromolecular compound, and the mineral-type compound is hydrochloric acid for example, sulfuric acid, sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, but be not limited to these compounds. The organic compound is organic acid, organic base and can Ionized compound acetic acid for example, propionic acid, ethylenediamine, triethylamine, ethanol, propyl alcohol, caustic alcohol, sodium acetate, potassium oxalate, alanine, Sodium L-alaninate, glycine, but be not limited to these compounds. Macromolecular compound is for example with cellulose family, gel-like and the resinae of ionic group. Ampholytes such as natural products amino acid, protein-based; Synthetic ampholytes. But be not limited to these compounds. In a display system, the ionised species that the control display material is used can be a kind of also can be two or more ionic compound.
Another characteristics of the present invention are that used display material is the material to the ion concentration sensitive. Acid-base indicator for example, fluorescence indicator, oxidation-reduction indicator compounds, dyestuff, pigment and macromolecular compound etc. These compounds normally are solidificated on the holder by the chemical bond coupling method or the method for non-chemically coupling is solidificated in the support. Comparing with the control material with these display materials, without the compound of the demonstration usefulness of further processing, in free electrophoresis, should be not move or mobile very limited under the effect of electric field. The change color of these display materials depends on the ion concentration in the electrophoresis system solution. In a display system, used display material can be single display material, also can be two kinds or two or more display materials. Thereby the mixture that this display unit is based on compound that single display uses or multiple display material carries out at molecular level that color shows.
The Ionized material of control display material can be can Ionized inorganic matter or can Ionized organic matter or can Ionized macromolecular compound.
Can Ionized inorganic matter mainly be with acid, alkali and salt compounds. In the aqueous solution or non-aqueous solution, the degree of dissociation of these compounds is different, exists with the form of ion pair. Ask for an interview at CRC HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (71STEDITION 1990-1991, David R. Lide) can Ionized compound (4 in. 41-4. 119 pages).
Can Ionized inorganic matter mainly be organic acid, organic base and their salt compounds. In the aqueous solution or non-aqueous solution, the degree of dissociation of these compounds is different, exists with the form of ion pair. Ask for an interview at CRC HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (71STEDITION 1990-1991, David R. Lide) can Ionized compound (3 in. 12-3. 552 pages).
Can derive from nature and synthetic macromolecular compound by Ionized macromolecule compound. The macromolecular compound of occurring in nature such as cellulose, polysaccharide, fatty acid, protein and nucleic acid etc. Peptides and proteins is amino and carboxyl (ionic compound COOH) that has. For example, H+Ion can dissociate from these large molecules in the solution as the control material. Cellulose can be used as the control material through the ion exchange resin that chemical modification becomes anionic cellulose or cationic cellulose. For example, carboxymethyl cellulose, sulfonic acid ethyl cellulose and DEAE cellulose. This family macromolecule class material is asked for an interview SIGMA company catalogue. Synthetic macromolecular compound have anion and cation group the time, can be used as the control material. Such as polyacrylic acid, polylysine, poly-smart
Propylhomoserin, polyglutamic acid and poly-aspartic-acid. Synthetic polymer substance is not as having anion and cation group (CRC HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 71STEDITION 1990-1991, David R. Lide, 13. 1-13. 12 pages), have anion and cation group after modified, also can be used as the control material. With glucan, dextrose is sweet make anion-cation exchange resin and
The H of polystyrene+Type, Na+Type, Cl-The ion exchange resin of type is the most representative. This family macromolecule class material is asked for an interview SIGMA and ALDRICH company catalogue.
In a word, no matter be inorganic matter, organic matter and macromolecular compound, so long as have the attribute of ionic compound, namely can be as the control material. This is because show that the show state of material is to be restricted by the zwitterion in the solution.
Can Ionized organic compound, can Ionized inorganic compound and can Ionized macromolecule compound be namely can use separately also to unite (mixings) use. This is desired by display material. Little and the electrically charged many swimmings in electric field of the volume of ion are fast, thereby will accelerate the change color of display material. Uniting the different control material of use mainly is to show for multiple color, namely with the different different big or small ion swimmings of driving voltage control, and in the different ion concentration of local implementation, reaches the multiple color demonstration.
It is to consider simultaneously with used driving voltage that the control material is united use, for example, for when same microenvironment forms different ion concentrations when pH-value (different), under a given driving voltage and during action time, allow a part of snap-action ion arrive first this microenvironment, it is interval to form a specific soda acid. When with another driving voltage and action time, make slow ion also arrive this microenvironment, like this, will different pH-values appear at same position, and make display material be in different color development states. For example, with the resin of sodium propoxide or the sodium type source as sodium ion, these sodium ions are exactly fast ion. Free ethyl, the tertiary amine of propyl group or quaternary amine peace are just as slow ion.
Can Ionized organic compound, can Ionized inorganic compound and can Ionized macromolecule compound be namely can use separately also to unite (mixings) use, during use, consider driving voltage and action time, instantiation sees Table 1.
4,029, No. 598 of the U.S. introduction that patent is detailed acid-base indicator and the pigment of nondiscoloration, have 57 kinds of compounds. Simultaneously, also introduced the basic structure of some dyestuffs and thus can derivative derivative. These indicator can be used as display material. Three kinds of mixed color change intervals of different acid-base indicators and change color in the table 2. LANGE ' S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY, 13THEDITION also have been introduced many acid-base indicators and fluorescence acid-base indicator in 1985, sees also (5,109-5,116 pages). This also comprises and appears in SIGMA and the ALDRICH company catalogue existing acid-base indicator and fluorescence acid-base indicator. At HANDBOOK OF FLUORESCENT PROBES AND RESEARCH CHEMICALS BY RICHARD P. HAUGLAND 6THAlso fluorescence acid-base class indicator is described among the EDITION. Table 1
Table 2
| The control material type | The control material | Driving voltage | The zone ion concentration |
| Single compound | The sad propane diamine sodium sulphate of NaOH acetic acid magnesium sulfate sodium acetate lithium acetate potassium propionate caustic alcohol sodium butoxide glycine glutamic acid asparatate cholic acid deoxycholic aicd N-Hamposyl L (N-Lauroylsarcosine) alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (Alkyltrimethylammoniu m bromides) xyxylene tetradecyl ammonium chloride (Benzyldimethyltetradec ylammonium Chloride) | A kind of driving voltage or multiple driving voltage and driving time | Ion concentration is decided by used a kind of cation or anion. |
| Hexadecyldimethyl benzyl ammonium ethylamine bromine (Cetyldimetheylethyla mmonium Bromide) 3-((3-cholamine propyl group) dimethyl amine)-2-hydrogen-oxygen-1-propane sulfonic acid (CHAPSO) lecithin (Phosphatidylcholine) N-myristyl-N, N-dimethyl-3-amine-propane sulfonic acid (N-Tetradecyl-N, N-dime thyl-3-ammonio-1-propan esilfonate) polylysine polyglutamic acid amino acid is with organic polymer CM methylcellulose CM glucan sulfonic group polystyrene diethylamide ethyl glucan chlorion type polystyrene |
| Two kinds of compounds | Sulfate of ammoniac+triethylamine sodium propoxide+triethylamine sodium acetate+dodecyl sodium sulfate sodium acetate+polyglutamic acid (sodium or sylvite) sodium propoxide+polyglutamic acid (sodium or sylvite) sodium propionate+CM base cellulose (sodium) sodium acetate+CM glucan (sodium) sodium propoxide+CM base cellulose (sodium) sodium oxalate+CM base cellulose (sodium) | A kind of driving voltage or multiple driving voltage and driving time | Local anion and cationic concentration corresponding ion from two kinds of compounds forms. |
| Multiple compounds | Sulfate of ammoniac+ethamine+trimethyl propylamine sodium acetate+butyl sulfonic acid sodium+sodium type sulfonic acid polystyrene sodium acetate+sodium succinate+own sodium disulfonate magnesium sulfate+ethylenediamine+trimethyl propylamine ammonium acetate+Trimethylamine+diethylamide ethyl glucan Sodium Glycinate+sodium succinate+ethamine+propyl group-Trimethylamine | A kind of driving voltage or multiple driving voltage and driving time | The ion concentration in zone is decided by the cation in the multiple compounds or anion. |
| Color change interval pH | Chemical name | Mixed proportion (weight ratio) | Change color |
| 0-7 | 4-anilino--3 '-HSS-azobenzene-6 '-carboxylic acid (4-Anilino-3 '-HSS-azobenene-6 '-c arboxylic acid) 2-(2-sulphur-4, the 6-azobenzene)-and 6-(N-methyl-HSS-acylamino--)-1-naphthols-3-sulfonic acid (2-(2-sulfo-4,6-dinitrophenylazo)-6-(N-methyl-HSS-amido-)-1-naththol-3-sulfonic acid) 4-9N methyl-HSS-acylamino-)-2 '-dimethylamino-azobenzene-6 '-sulfonic acid (4-9N-Methyl-HSS-amido)-2 '-dimethylamino-azobenzene-6 '-sulfonic acid) | 1∶1∶3 | Aubergine-yellow-green |
| 0-7 | 4-anilino--3 '-HSS-azobenzene-6 '-carboxylic acid (4-Anilino-3 '-HSS-azobenene-6 '-c arboxylic acid) 2-(2,4-dinitro-phenylazo-6-(N-methyl-HSS-acylamino-)-1-naphthols-3-sulfonic acid (2-(2,4-dinitro-phenylazo-6-(N-methyl-HSS-amido)-1-naphthol-3-sulfonic acidnaphthol) 4-9-methyl-HSS-acylamino-)-2 '-dimethylamino-azobenzene-6 '-sulfonic acid (4-9N-Methyl-HSS-amido)-2 '-dimethylamino-azobenzene-6 '-sulfonic acid) | 1∶1∶3 | Aubergine-yellow-blueness |
| 4-10 | 2-(2, (N-methyl-HSS-acylamino-)-(2-(2 for 1-naphthols-3-sulfonic acid for 4-dinitro-phenylazo-6-, 4-dinitro-phenylazo-6-(N-methyl-HSS-amido)-1-naphthol-3-sulfonic acid) 2-(2-nitro-4-HSS-phenylazo)-1 naphthols-3-6-disulfonic acid (2-(2-Nitro-4-HSS-phenylazo)-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid 2-(4-hydroxyl naphthyl-1-azo) 4-HSS-benzene sulfonic acid 2-(4-Hydroxynaphthyl-1-azo)-4-HSS-benzenesulfonic acid) | 2∶2∶1 | Yellow-green-aubergine |
| 4-10 | 2-(2-nitro-4-HSS-phenylazo)-1-naphthols-3,6-disulfonic acid 2-(2-Nitro-4-HSS-phenylazo)-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid 2-(2-nitro-4-HSS-phenylazo)-1-naphthols-3-sulfonic acid 2-(2-Nitro-4-HSS-phenylazo)-1-naphthol-3-sulfonic acid 2-(4-hydroxyl naphthyl-1-azo)-4-HSS-benzene sulfonic acid 2-(4-Hydroxynaphthyl-1-azo)-4-HSS-benzenesulfonic acid | 1.4∶1∶ 2.6 | Yellow-brown-redness |
| 9-14 | 1-(2-chloro-5-HSS-phenylazo)-beta naphthal-3,6-disulfonic acid (1-(2-Chloro-5-HSS-phenylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid) 2-(4-hydroxyl naphthyl-1-azo)-4-HSS-benzene sulfonic acid (2-(4-Hydroxynaphthyl-1-azo)-4-H SS-benzenesulfonic acid) 1-(2-nitro-4-HSS-phenylazo)-beta naphthal-7-sulfonic acid (1-(2-Nitro-4-HSS-phenylazo)-2-na phthol-7-sulfonic acid) 1-(2-nitro-4-HSS-phenylazo)-beta naphthal-6,8-disulfonic acid (1-(2-Nitro-4-HSS-phenylazo)-2-naphthol-6,8-disulfonic acid) | 2.5∶1∶ 5.5∶ | Yellow-red-aubergine |
Color change interval, the color change interval of acid-base class indicator used in the present invention, acid-base indicator, fluorescence class acid-base indicator seen following each table.
The acid-base class indicator:
Acid-base indicator
| Indicator | Color change interval (pH) | Color change interval |
| Crystal violet (Methyl violet) | 0.0-1.6 | Yellow-blueness |
| Ethyl violet (Ethyl violet) | 0.0-2.4 | Yellow-blueness |
| Verdigris (Malachite Green) | 0.2-1.8 | Yellow-green |
| Methyl green (Methyl Green) | 0.2-1.8 | Yellow-blueness |
| Quinaldine red (Quinaldine Red) | 1.0-2.2 | Colourless-redness |
| Paramethyl red (Paramethyl Red) | 1.0-3.0 | Redness-yellow |
| Tropeolin G (Metanil Yellow) | 1.2-2.4 | Redness-yellow |
| 4-azobenzene diphenylamines(4-pbenylazodiphenylamine) | 1.2-2.6 | Redness-yellow |
| Cresol-purple (Metacresol purple) | 1.2-2.8 | Redness-yellow |
| Erythrosine disodium salt (Erythrosine, disodiumsalt) | 2.2-3.6 | Orange-redness |
| Benzoyl purple 48 (Bensopurpurine 48) | 2.2-4.2 | Purple-redness |
| Bromophenol blue (Bromophenol Blue) | 3.0-4.6 | Yellow-blueness |
| 2,4-dinitrophenol dinitrophenolate (2,4-Dinitrophenol) | 2.8-4.0 | Colourless-yellow |
| P-dimethylamino azobenzene(p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene) | 2.8-4.4 | Redness-yellow |
| Congo red (Congo Red) | 3.0-5.0 | Blueness-redness |
| Methyl orange (Methyl Orange) | 3.2-4.4 | Redness-yellow |
| Ethyl orange (Ethyl Orange) | 3.4-4.8 | Redness-yellow |
| Bromophenol green (Bromocresol Green) | 3.8-5.4 | Yellow-blueness |
| Resazurin (Resazurin) | 3.8-6.4 | Orange-purple |
| 4-benzeneazo-1-naphthols ammonia(4-Phenylazo-1-naphthylamine) | 3.5-4.8 | Redness-yellow |
| Ethyl red (Ethyl red) | 4.0-5.8 | Colourless-redness |
| Reindeer moss (Lacmoid) | 4.4-6.2 | Redness-blueness |
| Alizarin red (S Alizarin Red S) | 4.6-6.0 | Yellow-red |
| Methyl red (Methyl Red) | 4.8-6.0 | Redness-yellow |
| Propyl red (Propyl Red) | 4.8-6.6 | Redness-yellow |
| Bromine phenol red (Bromocresol Purple) | 5.2-6.8 | Yellow-purple |
| Chlorophenol red (Chlorophenol Red) | 5.2-6.8 | Yellow-red |
| P-nitrophenols (p-Nitrophenol) | 5.4-6.6 | Colourless-yellow |
| Alizarin (Alizarin) | 5.6-7.2 11.0-12.4 | Yellow-red redness-purple |
| 2-(2,4-dinitroazobenzene)-1-naphthalene alcohol-3-6-disulfonic acid, and disodium salt (2-(2,4-Dinitrophenylazo)-1-naphthol-3-6-disulfonic acid，di-Na salt) | 6.0-7.0 | Yellow-blueness |
| The inferior urea of m-dinitrobenzene(m-Dinitrobenzoylene Urea) | 6.4-8.0 | Colourless-yellow |
| Bright Huang (Brilliant Yellow) | 6.6-7.8 | Yellow-orange |
| Phenol sulphur base naphthols (Phenolsulfonephthalein) | 6.6-8.0 | Yellow-red |
| Neutral red (Neutral Red) | 6.8-8.0 | Redness-yellow |
| Cresol red (Cresol Red) | 0.0-1.0 7.0-8.8 | Red-yellow yellow-red |
| Two (the 4-hydrogen-oxygens-3-methoxybenzene)-1 of 1,7-, 6-twoHeptane-3,5-diketone (Curumin) | 7.4-8.6 | Yellow-red |
| Meta-nitrophenols (m-Nitrophenol) | 6.8-8.6 | Colourless-yellow |
| Cresol-purple (Metacresol Purple) | 1.2-2.8 7.4-9.0 | Redness-yellow-purple |
| 4,4 '-two (4-ammonia-1-naphthols) 2, and 2 '-stilbene disulfonic acid (4,4 '-Bis (4-amino-l-naththylazo), 2,2 ' stilbene disulfonic acid) | 8.0-9.0 | Blueness-redness |
| Ortho-, meta-or p-cresolphthalein (O-Cresolphthalein) | 8.2-9.8 | Colourless-redness |
| P-naphthalene benzene (p-Naphtholbenzene) | 8.2-10.0 | Orange-blueness |
| Phenolphthalein (Phenolphthalein) | 8.2-10.0 | Colourless-pink |
| Ethyl-fork (2,4-dimethyl phenol) ethyl acetate(Ethyl-bis(2，4-dimethylphenyl)acetate) | 8.4-9.6 | Colourless-blueness |
| Thymolphthalein (Thymolphthalein) | 9.4-10.6 | Colourless-blueness |
| The yellow R (Alizarin Yellow R) of alizarin | 10.1-12.0 | Yellow-red |
| 5,5-sulfindigotic acid disodium salt(5，5-Indigodisulfonic acid，di-Na-salt) | 11.4-12.6 | Yellow-orange |
| TNT(2，4，6-Trinitrotoluene) | 11.4-13.0 | Colourless-orange |
| 1,3,5-trinitrobenzen (1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene) | 12.0-14.0 | Colourless-orange |
| Ke Laidun yellow (Clayton Yellow) | 12.2-13.2 | Yellow-amber Bose |
| Molten 0.1% methylene of the molten 1 part of ethanol of 0.2% methyl red of 1 part of ethanol is green | 5.2-5.6 | Purple-blueness-green |
| 1 part of molten red sodium salt of 0.1% chlorophenol of 1 part of water of 0.1% bromocresol green that water is molten | 5.4-6.8 | Yellowish green-blueness-aubergine |
| Molten 0.1% α of 1 part of ethanol-0.1% molten phenol dai of 3 parts of ethanol of ∈ phenol dai | 8.6-9.0 | Rose look-green-purple |
| 1 part of 0.1% molten phenol dai of 0.1% Moschus grass 3 parts of ethanol of phenol that ethanol is molten | 8.8-9.2 | Yellow-green-aubergine |
High score subclass soda acid indicator normally prepares through covalent bond coupling soda acid indicator on macromolecular compound. Soda acid indication test paper commonly used is typical this compounds. But macromolecular compound self also is responsive to acid ion alkali ion, and change color is arranged. For example Sulfonated polystyrene-acrylic acid compound is yellow under acid condition, and
Under alkali condition, it is aubergine.
Fluorescence class soda acid indicator:
| Indicator | Color change interval (pH) | Change color |
| Seven leaves sweet (Esculin) | 1.5-2.0 | Colourless-blueness |
| 4-second oxygen base acridine ketone (4-Ethoxyacridone) | 1.2-3.2 | Green-blueness |
| 3,6-tetramethyl, two amido anthrols (3,6-tetramethyldiaminooxanthone) | 1.2-3.4 | Green-blueness |
| Fluorescein (Fluorescein) | 4.0-4.5 | Colourless-green |
| Naphthalene red (Magdala Red) | 3.0-4.0 | Colourless-blueness |
| Alpha-Naphthol ammonia (α-Naphthylamine) | 3.4-4.8 | Colourless-blueness |
| Betanaphthol ammonia (β-Naphthylamine) | 2.8-4.4 | Colourless-purple |
| Phloxin (Phloxine) | 3.4-5.0 | Colourless-bright Huang |
| Salicylic acid (Salicylic acid) | 2.5-3.5 | Colourless-blueness |
| Acridine (Acridine) | 4.9-5.1 | Green-purple |
| Dichlorofluorescein (Dichlorofluorescein) | 4.0-5.0 | Colourless-green |
| Erythrosine (Erythrosine) | 4.0-4.5 | Colourless-yellowish green |
| Resorufin (Resorufin) | 4.4-6.4 | Yellow-orange |
| The quinoline acid (Quininic acid) of giving repeated exhortations | 4.4-5.0 | Yellow-blueness |
| Coumaric acid (Coumaric acid) | 5.8-8.2 | Colourless-green |
| Cumarin acid (Orcinaurine) | 6.5-8.0 | Colourless-green |
| Special permission phosphorus hydrides (Patent Phosphine) | 6.0-7.0 | Green-yellow |
| The yellow phenol (Thiofiavine) of sulfo-bifurcation | 6.5-7.0 | Yellow |
| Acridine orange (Acridine Orange) | 8.4-10.0 | Orange-green |
| Naphtho-arsenic is coughed up derivative (Naphthazol derivatives) | 8.2-10.0 | Colourless-yellow green |
| α-α-naphthalenesulfonicacid (α-α-Naphtholsulfonic acid) | 8.0-9.0 | Blueness-green |
| Oxynaphthoic acid (α-Naphthionic acid) | 9.0-11.0 | Blueness-purple |
| Betanaphthol (β--Naphthol) | ＞8.6 | Colourless-blueness |
| Eosin B N (Eosine BN) | 10.5-14.0 | Colourless-yellow |
| SS-acid (sodium salt) (SS-Acid (sodium salt)) | 10.0-12.0 | Purple-yellow |
Fluorescence polymer compound indicator also be by covalent bond with fluorescence soda acid indicator with the macromolecular compound coupling. Be connected to protein or polystyrene microsphere as the soda acid indicator such as fluorescein (Fluorescein).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the electrophoretic display apparatus schematic diagram of ion-colour control
Fig. 2 is the electrophoretic display apparatus schematic diagram of another kind ion-colour control
Fig. 3 is the electrophoretic display apparatus schematic diagram of the ion-colour control of liquid-type
Fig. 4 is the electrophoretic display apparatus schematic diagram of the ion-colour control of liquid one solid type
Fig. 5 is the electrophoretic display apparatus schematic diagram of the ion-colour control of solid type
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of demonstration different colours of the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control
Fig. 7 is that the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control carries out the schematic diagram that the electrophoresis color shows and specifically implements mode
Fig. 8 is the side view of conductive layer of the electrophoretic display apparatus of Fig. 7 intermediate ion-color control
Fig. 9 is the front view of conductive layer of the electrophoretic display apparatus of Fig. 7 intermediate ion-color control
Concrete enforcement mode
Electrophoresis showed principle of the present invention as shown in Figure 1. This is the electrophoretic display apparatus schematic diagram of a typical ion-colour control. In the both sides of tiselius apparatus, the parallel auxiliary electrode 10 that respectively disposes. One of them electrode is transparent. Electrophoretic display materials 11,12 is distributed in the tiselius apparatus. Therefore display material in the native system solidifies, and outside in the added electric field, is the not swimming with the effect of electric field. In the electrophoresis system of the present invention, the control material of control display material being arranged in the electrophoresis solution, is among the T=0 of Fig. 1 13 and 14 here, is respectively the ion with positive charge and negative electrical charge. When adding voltage on the power supply, occur one in the tiselius apparatus and drive electric field. Under the effect that drives electric field, with the direction swimming along electric field of the ion of electric charge. Move with the ion of the positive charge direction to negative electrode, and move to positive electrode direction with the ion of negative electrical charge. The speed of ionic transfer and the charge number of ion, the viscosity of self quality and electrophoresis solution is closely related. Along with the effect of electric field, because the movement of ion, the cation in the residing microenvironment of each display material molecule and the ratio of anion change. Therefore, the chromophoric group of display material is subject to the effect of microenvironment intermediate ion concentration and changes color. As shown in fig. 1, the change color of display material is the 11a of gradual change along with the ion concentration in the microenvironment, 12a and 15. Along with continuing of electric field action, final ion an electronegative ion district occurs at power positive end, and brings out an existing positively charged ion district (shown in the T=F of Fig. 1) at power cathode. At this moment, place the display material of this microenvironment also to finish this procedure for displaying. On display screen, the final color that presents display material shows. After adding opposite voltage on the electrode, will move to opposite direction at the already present ion of the industry of electrode tip. When the control ion in the solution reached again even distribution, display material had also recovered original color (shown in the T=0 ' among Fig. 1). For the display screen of appointment, this has finished procedure for displaying. If drive electric field continuation effect, final, original cation district will become the anion district, and original anion district becomes the cation district. Display material is specifying the opposite side of screen to present final color demonstration.
Display material is very responsive to the ion change in concentration in the electrophoresis solution. Phenol red is a soda acid indicator, is yellow (acid) in acid solution, and in alkaline solution, take on a red color (alkali formula). Phenol red acidolysis is 5 * 10 from constant-8 When the pH of solution value was 7.3, the phenol red and phenol red ratio of alkali formula of acid was 1 to 1. This moment, phenol red in the solution was orange. When the pH of solution value was 7.8, the alkali formula was phenol red when being 3 to 1 with the phenol red ratio of acid, phenol redly was orange red in solution. When the pH of solution value was 6.8, acid was phenol red when being 3 to 1 with the phenol red ratio of alkali formula, phenol redly was orange-yellow in solution. So when 1 to 2 the pH value of changing into of the acid-base value of solution, that is to say when the increase of effects of ion number or when reducing 10 to 100, will make phenol redly to become another color by a kind of color.
Some display material is to show two or more colors. Moschus grass phenol indigo plant is a kind of soda acid indicator, and two transition intervals are arranged. One is under acid condition, becomes yellow by redness when pH1.2-2.8; Another is under alkali condition, becomes blueness by yellow when pH8.0-9.6. So it is red to use this a kind of soda acid indicator to show, Huang, blue three-color. When Moschus grass phenol indigo plant places with electrophoresis system of the present invention, just can control the mutual conversion of these three kinds of colors by the ion concentration in the control solution. For the color display method of current trend, a pixel is that three kinds of display materials the most basic consist of, and is namely red, green and blue display material. In other words, for this kind display system, the pixel of a minimum is by redness in theory, green, and blue this each single molecule of three kinds of materials consists of. And display system of the present invention only needs a molecule just can obtain three effects that pigment molecular reaches in other system. The method of this kind demonstration is very important in the making of display system. Because all show this three kinds of basic colors in the display screen any point, so can extremely be easy to reach the purpose that shows three kinds of basic colors. Plate of flat liquid crystal display is to carry out color with three kinds of color filter of arranging in order to show at present. On the level of micron and nanometer, carrying out orderly color alignment is a fine process, so manufacturing expense is high. If no matter employing the present invention is with a kind of, two kinds or more of display materials do not need to arrange in order the effect that just can reach high resolution. Therefore can effectively reduce cost of manufacture. Moschus grass phenol indigo plant need to show three kinds of basic colors in a wider pH scope, this can affect the response time that color shows. For system of the present invention, this is easy to solve, select two kinds or three kinds of different display materials, they possess must basic colors, but require their the pH value of transition interval close, in a narrower pH scope, just can realize the demonstration of basic colors like this, shorten color and shown the time of replying. For example, be the aqueous solution of 1wt% with bright Huang and bromophenol blue concentration, be mixed with mixed indicator by 3: 1 part by weight. When solution at pH＜5 time, solution is light green. When solution was pH=7, it is yellow that solution is. When solution was pH＞9, solution was peony.
Solidifying the control material is that another kind carries out the demonstration mode as shown in Figure 2, and the control material here is 21 and 22 among an ion pair such as Fig. 2, and one group of ion 22 wherein is cured in to be supported on the thing. Display material 23 also is cured in to be supported on the thing. When not adding electric field, the ion concentration in the tiselius apparatus is uniformly, and therefore everywhere pH value is the same, shown in the T=0 among Fig. 2. So display material is same color. After adding the driving electric field, only have one group of ion 21 in the tiselius apparatus along the direction swimming of electric field, the ion concentration in the solution begins from new distribution. For specific environment, such as the microenvironment near anodal place, because freely behind the ionic transfer, the ion of the curing in this environment determines the pH value in its microenvironment, such as the T=1 among Fig. 2. The color of display material also begins to change, such as the 23A among Fig. 2. Along with the ion swimming, begin to occur the accumulation of ion near the microenvironment at negative pole place, make the microenvironment of this end of tiselius apparatus be subjected to the impact of swimming ion. The ion 21 here is positively charged ion, and therefore the microenvironment pH value near the negative pole place begins to increase. Because the ion of local microenvironment changes, the chromophore of display material 23 is affected, and therefore shows that the color of material changes along with the variation of the ion concentration of part, such as 23B among Fig. 2. Along with the continuous action of electric field, Fig. 2 has described namely by T=1, the process of ion migration and display material variable color during T=3 to T=F. Final free ion all moves to a side of negative pole, forms the cation district of high concentration at the negative pole place, and the color of the display material of therefore close negative pole shows the impact that mainly is subjected to local cation concentration. Therefore, the display material in the zone of close negative pole has experienced 23B, 23C, and the change color of 23D. And the most of zone in the tiselius apparatus, determined by the ion that solidifies, so in this case, the color of most of display material is to show along with the pH of the formation of solidifying ion, so the color that display material presents is the 23A at initial stage and final 23H. When electrode added opposite voltage, ion was again to opposite swimming freely. Along with the movement of ion, at a time, the pH in the tiselius apparatus presents again uniform state. This moment, the color of display material showed the initial color of T=0 when being returned to again such as Fig. 2. If continue to keep electrophoresis, can repeat again T=0 among Fig. 2, T=1, the process of T=F in another side of electrode.
The method that the control color shows also has other mode. For example, adopt ampholytes, carry out isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. By the gradient of formed pH, also can reach the purpose that the control color shows. So, no matter be which kind of form, as long as change the concentration of ion, just can realize the control that color is shown.
The electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention is identical with the electrophoretic display apparatus that traditional ion-colour is controlled, and is comprised of electrode and tiselius apparatus. The preparation method of electrode and tiselius apparatus and traditional electrophoretic apparatus are not quite similar, and used electrode should adapt to the electrophoresis solution system. Show electrode can be selected metal, oxidation indium tin or high polymer (polyphenyl amine, poly-ratio is coughed up) electrode, but be not limited to the electrode of these materials. The electrode of one side must be transparent. Driving voltage is the voltage of interchange or direct current.
Because most of ion indicator shows outstanding color display characteristic at the aqueous solution or water one organic solution kind, so require transparent electrode material to work under certain humidity. Can be competent at this kind condition of work with the electrode that metal or high molecular polymer are made. But to the electrode of making of oxide because the change of ion concentration can produce larger impact to kind electrode self. So setting up a separation layer or cushion between kind electrode and electrophoresis showed layer is a scheme that addresses this is that. The method of utilizing wet property dielectric substrate (electric bridge or conductive layer) is that a kind of method commonly used is used for the solid phase electrophoresis. It also is the deposit that is used for ion with the method for this kind wet method electrolysis matter in electrochomeric glass.
Electrophoresis will be taken into account the dissolving of control display material and display material with solution. Therefore, solution can be water-soluble, non-water-soluble or the two mixture. For the electrophoretic display apparatus of free ion-colour control, because precipitation appears in display material when isoelectric point, the selection of solution is just even more important.
The tiselius apparatus that electrophoresis showed is used exteriorly has liquid-type, liquid-solid type and solid type. Liquid-type is at the electrophoresis of not supporting the principle condition, as shown in Figure 3, namely has display material 32 that the material of control display material 30 is arranged again in the tiselius apparatus. Display material 32 is dispersed in the electrophoresis solution, and this kind electrophoresis generally is for being subjected to the less display material of electric field action. Power electrode is shown in 31 among Fig. 3. Electrophoresis solution and control material are shown in 30 among Fig. 3. Liquid-solid type refers to that the material of control display material appears at liquid phase, supports on the thing or be solidificated in the display material of supporting in the thing to be used as solid phase and be coupled to. As shown in Figure 4, display material is 43, supports that thing is 42. Control material and electrophoresis solution are shown in 44 among Fig. 4. Power electrode 41 is in the both sides of tiselius apparatus. Solid type is that control display material and display material are solidificated in the support thing, and the display material here can be the form appearance with coupling. The used material of solid type can homogenous material, also can be different materials. Among Fig. 5,50 for filling the support thing of tiselius apparatus, and 52 is the display material that is cured, and control material and electrophoresis solution (and do not show) in supporting thing.
The host material that is used for curing is numerous, for example cellulose family: hydroxylated cellulose, nitro cellulose, cellulose acetate, methylcellulose etc.; Gel-like; Polyacrylamide, the glucan gel, starch, glucosides is executed on the right side, gelatin etc., resin class; Phenolic resins, poly-urine, polystyrene polyester etc. But be not limited to these macromolecular materials as the matrix of solidifying display material.
That a kind of effective tiselius apparatus is made and the method (6.323,989 of high-quality electrophoresis showed with electrophoresis solution and display material little capsule of packing into; John A..Rogers 2001). Common little capsule is less than 50 microns. Make technical maturation (J.Wnde Van Valkcnburg, 1979) of little capsule. Make material such as the resin class of little capsule, cellulose family, gel, polyblend etc., but be not limited to these compounds. It is that the electricity that is less than electrophoresis solution in little capsule is led that the electricity of common little Nang Nangbi is led. Adopt conducting polymer or organic conductive material can change the electric conductivity of little Nang Bi. Using microcapsule technology is in order to improve the display effect of electrophoresis. Fig. 6 has described and has driven under the electric field action change color that display material presents when being subject to effects of ion control. 64 display materials among Fig. 6 in difference constantly, are 64A, 64B, 64C, 64D etc. When demonstration state during in T=0, if take power supply positive electrode 60 1 sides as display screen, at the visible display material 64A of display screen one side. Along with the effect of electric field, control ion 62 moves to the negative pole direction, and the color of the display material of display screen one side changes and is 64D when T=m, and the display material color that is in other position is 64E and 64F. When control ion 62 moves entirely to negative pole one side, namely during T=F, be 64Cc in the color of display screen one side display material. And the color that an opposite side of display screen is display material is 64Aa. During with T=0, present identical color at the display material 64A of display screen one side.
The electrophoresis system of solid type is the electrophoretic display apparatus of the preferential ion-colour control of adopting of the present invention. Main reason is 1): in electrophoresis solution, most of soda acid indicator, the fluorescence indicator, the pigment compound is driven electric field influence, therefore solidify display material and can move the absorption that the copolymerization precipitation of display material and display material cause at electrode by effective solution display material. 2): owing to solidify display material and control material, can improve greatly the effect that color shows. And be easier to control and carry out the color demonstration. In solidifying display material and control material, adopt grid type (display layer that is formed by numerous square or circular honeycomb shape spacers), little capsule and microballoon (in the support thing is arranged; With not in little capsule) can better improve display effect.
In a broad sense, ion pair shows that the effect of the chromophoric group of material is a high speed course of reaction, reaches and can ignore. At least can select some to the more sensitive display material of ion ratio, accelerate this responsing reaction. So when making the color display unit, the response time of control ion is to determine that color shows the principal element of response time. This depends on used electric-field intensity, and the size of ion and electrophoresis are supported thing, the viscosity of electrophoresis solution and the thickness of tiselius apparatus.
Support the thing electrophoresis system owing to adopt, the control ion can be remained in the tiselius apparatus when not adding the driving electric field, local display material still is subject to the impact of these control ions like this, makes display material keep original demonstration state. This also is exactly said memory characteristic. The length of keeping memory is and size and the support thing of ion that the viscosity of electrophoresis solution is closely related.
Can fold when electrode adopts transparent organic conductive material and kind electrode material, display material and control material are made microballoon or little capsule, just can make folding display.
The response time of the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control can reach Millisecond, and is close with the speed of liquid crystal reaction. It is that not only responsing reaction is fast that this color shows, and contrast is large, and the visual angle is wide, is applicable to image and literal and shows. Particularly its Memorability when removing electric field, still keeps the image of demonstration, and therefore, the electrophoresis colour apparatus is to be hopeful to occupy a seat in image and literal demonstration, replaces the liquid crystal display system.
Because display system of the present invention is control color reaction, has again memory, the multilayer electrophoresis system of gel shape is not only transparent but also have a preferably heat-blocking action. Therefore, the present invention is applicable to the relevant field with color control. For example, the electrochomeric glass field is one and had already begun to take shape market novel glass product (P.J.Gellings, 1997). The main characteristics of electrochomeric glass are namely to allow visible light pass glass, also can stop owing to the change color of self visible light that imports glass into. When not driving voltage, still can keep the state that presents when voltage drives, Memorability is namely arranged. The effect (P.J.Gellings, 1997) that photo chromic glass also has thermal resistance of sending a telegraph is arranged again. Colour display system of the present invention is to have ready conditions to satisfy the requirement send a telegraph photo chromic glass. For example, adopt the display material of solid color. Because display material is color development not when a kind of state, so can allow visible light pass through device by the manufacturing of this kind display material. When the display material color development, just can effectively stop visible light to pass through. These chromonic materials also increase ultrared absorption simultaneously, and therefore the thermal resistance effect is arranged.
Embodiment
The making of electrophoresis Color display system
Support that the thing electrophoretic techniques has been a kind of electrophoretic techniques of maturation. Utilizing existing support thing electrophoretic techniques to carry out the color demonstration is to implement easily. Fig. 7 is one and carries out the schematic diagram that the electrophoresis color shows. Electrode 71 and the glass matrix 73 made from transparent electrode material at the two ends of tiselius apparatus. Other both sides at tiselius apparatus are sealed with glass matrix 74. In the side near electrode a conductive layer 72 (such as Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9) is arranged. By the colored display layer 70 of supporting that thing consists of between two conductive layers. Here just make as an example of the polyacrylamide gel example and support thing electrophoresis colour display system processed. Polyacrylamide is by the macromolecular compound of acrylamide through forming after the polymerization, has the molecular sieve effect, and preferably printing opacity and electric conductivity are arranged. Polyacrylamide also is a kind of macromolecular material that Memorability is arranged, and has good machine solution performance.
Electrophoresis is supported the preparation of thing display layer:
1): polyacrylamide: acrylamide 48 grams, two acryloyl 2 grams add without milliliter conduct of ion water to 100 and stock liquid. Tetramethyl ethylenediamine and 10wt% ammonium persulfate.
2): the phenol red aqueous solution of 1wt%: phenol red 94 ml waters that are dissolved in of 1 gram add 1ml NaOH (0.1N) and 5ml ethanol and help molten. Get 3 milliliters of acrylamides and stock liquid in beaker, add first the phenol red solution of 100 little liters, and then add 50 little ammonium persulfate and 10 little tetramethyl ethylenediamines that rise of rising. After the mixing, pour in the prefabricated tiselius apparatus, form one 50 microns display layer.
The preparation of dielectric substrate (electric bridge or conductive layer):
1): material: metaantimmonic acid gel (water content is 36wt%), the 50wt% polyacrylic acid aqueous solution, glycerine.
The ratio that three kinds of compounds carried out 1: 0.35: 0.32 in its weight is mixed, and dry rear one-tenth starchiness anhydrates. This conductive material is transparent, and electric conductivity is relevant with water content. Make conductive layer with this mixture. This material and inorganic oxide electrode have good compatibility.
In sum, its distinguishing feature of electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control of the present invention is directly to drive without electric field to be used for carrying out the used display material of image demonstration, is used for the non-display material that the control display material shows but drive under the effect of electric field. The change color of control display material reaches and carries out that pictograph shows by the concentration of controlling these non-display materials. Carry out color by this device and show that not only responsing reaction is fast, and contrast is large, the visual angle is wide, is applicable to image and literal and shows. Another characteristics of display unit of the present invention are that Memorability is arranged, and still keep the color and the image that show without driving voltage the time. It is thin as a piece of paper that this display unit can be made, but also can fold.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control, this device includes electrode, tiselius apparatus, it is characterized in that: in tiselius apparatus, have the display material that carries out color and image demonstration, and adopt electric field directly to drive, be used for controlling the Ionized material that described display material carries out color and image demonstration.
2, the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ionised species of described control display material is for can Ionized inorganic matter or can Ionized organic matter or can Ionized macromolecule compound, can Ionized inorganic matter is in one or more or the inorganic salts in one or more or the inorganic base in the inorganic acid one or more; Can Ionized organic matter be one or more or the salt compounds of organic acid and organic base in one or more or the organic base in the organic acid; Can natural polymer or synthetic macromolecular compound for example be arranged the ionization macromolecule compound, natural polymer includes one or more in cellulose, polysaccharide, fatty acid, protein and the nucleic acid; Synthetic macromolecular compound for example has one or more in polyacrylic acid, polylysine, poly arginine, polyglutamic acid and the poly-aspartic-acid, the ionised species of described control display material or in free mode in electrophoresis solution, or be cured on the holder, said curing here comprises that the mode by chemical bond is coupled on the holder or is trapped in the holder.
3, the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described display material includes one or more in acid-base indicator compounds, fluorescence indicator compounds, dyestuff, pigment and the macromolecule chromophore compound, described display material or in free mode in electrophoresis solution, or be cured on the holder, said curing here comprises that the mode by chemical bond is coupled on the holder or is trapped in the holder.
4, the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control according to claim 3 is characterized in that: when the compound in the described display material is two or more, their part by weight or homogeneous, or non-homogeneous.
5, the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described display material is the fluorescence indicator compounds, and is equipped with the ultraviolet light source system of a correspondence.
6, the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ionised species of the display material in the described tiselius apparatus and control display material is on apparent or liquid-type, or liquid-solid formula, or solid type, solid type also comprises micro-capsule, microballoon system, the electrophoresis solution that the Ionized material of described display material and control display material forms or water-soluble, or water-insoluble, or the two compatibility.
7, according to claim 2 or the electrophoretic display apparatus of 3 described ion-colours control, it is characterized in that: curing materials or cellulose macromolecular material or gel-like macromolecular material or resinae macromolecular material or the Plastic macromolecular material of described Ionized material for solidifying display material and control display material, but, be not limited to these materials.
8, the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of described electrode or metal material or inorganic transparent conductive material or organic transparent conductive material, described electrode or an electrode or two electrodes are transparent, the driving voltage on the described electrode or interchange or direct current.
9, the electrophoretic display apparatus of ion-colour control according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: be provided with dielectric substrate between the display layer that the Ionized material of described display material and control display material forms and the electrode, dielectric substrate or electric bridge or conductive layer, dielectric substrate or inorganic matter or organic matter or macromolecule or their mixture consists of.
10, the electrophoretic display apparatus of described ion-colour control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the electrophoretic display apparatus of described ion-colour control or fixed or folding.
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