CN1430862A - 在单个电话线上的电话通信系统 - Google Patents

在单个电话线上的电话通信系统 Download PDF

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CN1430862A
CN1430862A CN01809872A CN01809872A CN1430862A CN 1430862 A CN1430862 A CN 1430862A CN 01809872 A CN01809872 A CN 01809872A CN 01809872 A CN01809872 A CN 01809872A CN 1430862 A CN1430862 A CN 1430862A
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耶胡达·宾德尔
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Examine Vincent Zhi Cai management company
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/06—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
    • H04M11/068—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors using time division multiplex techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M9/00—Arrangements for interconnection not involving centralised switching
    • H04M9/02—Arrangements for interconnection not involving centralised switching involving a common line for all parties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/16—Half-duplex systems; Simplex/duplex switching; Transmission of break signals non-automatically inverting the direction of transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/71—Substation extension arrangements
    • H04M1/715—Substation extension arrangements using two or more extensions per line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/06—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
    • H04M11/062—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors using different frequency bands for speech and other data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M9/00—Arrangements for interconnection not involving centralised switching
    • H04M9/02—Arrangements for interconnection not involving centralised switching involving a common line for all parties
    • H04M9/022—Multiplex systems
    • H04M9/025—Time division multiplex systems, e.g. loop systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
    • H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
    • H04Q11/0435—Details
    • H04Q11/0471—Terminal access circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13034—A/D conversion, code compression/expansion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13082—Power supply via phantom line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13166—Fault prevention
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13199—Modem, modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1322—PBX
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1323—Party line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13298—Local loop systems, access network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13299—Bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1332—Logic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13334—Key telephone systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13389—LAN, internet

Abstract

本发明公开一种在住宅内或其他建筑物内的单个电话线上改进的电话通信系统(10)，该系统支持交换特性并易于扩充至多路外线。已有的电话布线被用作局部数据通信网的媒体，载运多路话音信道。在每一引出线(88a、105a)中，把一个或多个话音信道转换为标准的电话线接口。由于使用与数据通信网隔离的较低频带频谱，有利于实现应急线功能，并用引出线中的专用连接器(91)提供对该频带的接入。外部电话馈线(86a、86b)被转换成数字形式，以便与户内数据通信网接口。

Description

在单个电话线上的电话通信系统
技术领域
本发明涉及电话通信网领域，更具体说，是涉及在单个电话线上，把建筑物内的电话机连结成网。
背景技术
在户内扩充电话通信容量的需求不断增长。这一需求由两个主要因素驱动：使用附加外部线路的增长，和在户内交换功能如对讲电话系统需求的增长。
电话布线
户内的电话服务，通常采用两根或四根线，并通过电话引出线接入，把电话机接进该引出线。图1画出现有技术电话系统10的布线配置，用于住宅或其他建筑物，使用住宅电话线5布线。住宅电话线5包括与接线箱16连接的单一线对，接线箱又通过电缆17a连接至公用交换电话网(PSTN)18，终接于公众交换机19内，该公众交换机建立并实现从一个电话到另一个电话的通话。本文“模拟电话”一词，是指传统的模拟低频音频话音信号，通常在3KHz以下，有时也称为“POTS”(“通常电话业务”)，而“电话”一词，一般是指任何种类的电话业务，包括数字业务，如综合业务数字网(ISDN)。本文“高频”一词，是指任何基本上高于该模拟电话音频频率的频率，如用于数据的频率。ISDN使用的频率通常不超过100KHz(能量通常集中在40KHz附近)。本文“电话线”一词，是指导电的线，主要用于载运和分配模拟电话，并包括但不限于，诸如建筑物内先前已有且当前正提供模拟电话服务的导电的线。本文“电话装置”一词，是不加限制地指任何电话设备(包括模拟电话与ISDN)，以及任何使用电话信号的装置，如传真机、话音调制解调器、等等。
接线箱16把户内电路与PSTN分开，并用作故障检修的测试设施，以及在户内配新线。多个电话13a和13b，通过多路电话引出线11a、11b、11c、和11d与电话线5连接。每一引出线有一连接器(常称为“插口”)，在图1中分别以12a、12b、12c、和12d表示。在北美，通常使用RJ-11。每一引出线可以通过连接器(常称为“插头”)与电话单元连接，连接器在图1中(对画出的两个电话单元13a和13b)分别以14a和14b表示。应当指出，线5a、5b、5c、5d、和5e是同一对导线在电学上的不同段。
虽然画出的网络10只显示串联或菊花链接拓扑，在该种拓扑中，布线只从一引出线串联至另一引出线，但也可以用其他拓扑，如星形、树形、或任何任意拓扑。但是，住宅内的电话布线系统，常常包含布线媒体：两根或四根铜线，以及为与这些线连接而提供直接接入的引出线。
附加的用户线
图2画出户内的电话网20，其中需要把附加的用户线17b，添加到已有的线17a上。附加线17b是从交换机18到户接线箱16。为了接入附加线17b，必须安装新的引出线11e。此外，必须安装新的电话线6a，从接线箱16路由至引出线11e。在这样的设施中，用电缆15c，经连接器14c和12e，把电话机13c与添加的用户线连接。
另外，新的布线6a可以与已有布线5一起，并作为已有布线5的一部分，使用相同的墙内路由。在此情况下，或者需要安装若干新的电话引出线，或者需要用两个或更多电话连接器取代已有的各引出线。
在上述两种情况下，必需添加新的布线。这些布线的路由和安装既费力也费钱。在墙外添加新的布线花钱少，却不美观。
在已经安装四根线(两对)的建筑物内，添加第二用户线是快速而容易的。把已有的第二对布线用作第二用户线，因此不必路由附加的布线。但是，当需要第三或第四用户线时，又遇到相同的需要添加布线的问题。一般说，无论何时，向某户添加新的用户线超过已有布线容量时，都需要附加的布线。
图2画出的情形表示，对每一添加的用户线，该添加的用户线都涉及使用专用布线，从交换机拉到该户。但是，新的技术能使单个扭绞线对上载运多路话音信道(局部回路)。具体说，可以使用数字用户线(DSL)技术。例如，ISDN-BRA(综合业务数字网-基本速率接入，通常称为ISDN)能在单个扭绞线对上，载运两个话音信道，HDSL(高比特率数字用户线)支持高达16个话音信道，而HDSL2在单个扭绞线对上支持高达30个话音信道。这些和其他该类技术，一般采用两个调制解调器，连接在扭绞线对的两端，如图3的网络30所示。局部回路中的扭绞线对17，在交换机侧与交换机终端单元32接口，该终端单元32在局部回路线对上，传送至位于电缆的客户侧的远程终端单元31。远程终端单元31又提供用户线接口17a和17b，与接线箱16连接。在另外的配置中，话音信道在例如PCM高速公路、ATM或其他总线的数字流中复用。
近来由于逐渐撤销管制，用户已经能从非传统电话公司的供应商处，接受电话服务。一个例子是在美国的竞争性公司。此外，非电话业务，如电缆电视和基于卫星的网络供应商，正在开始提供电话服务。因此，客户可以选择不同服务供应商提供的额外用户线。图4画出提供给这种客户的一种采用电话网40的配置。第一电话线由图1所示的传统电话公司提供，前面已经说明。但是，第二电话线由非原先的电话供应商提供，该电话线连接至非电话网41。例如，该第二电话线可以是电缆电视网。话音信道通过远程终端单元42提供，该远程终端单元42提供附加的电话线6a，并与非电话网41通信。例如，远程终端单元42可以是顶机盒或电缆调制解调器的一部分。
交换物性
本文“PABX型特性”一词，或其等效的惯用语，是指拥有的特性包括但不限于如下特性：保持/呼叫追获；子机之间的呼叫转移；会议电话；来自或发向中心站交换机的呼叫；在所有子机上振铃；存储拨号；记忆拨号。为满足对电话通信需求数量的不断增长，面向住宅的电话系统和装备正在快速膨胀。许多住宅的一种特殊的需求，是在许多电话机之间有选择的通信能力，所有这些电话机都通过单一的中心站电话线的连接，接入住宅。此外，住宅用户其他关心的需求，是与那些专用自动小交换机(PABX)业务类似的业务。但是，大多数该类现有的交换机，要求“星形”拓扑，在该种拓扑中，所有引出线都直接连接至交换机。虽然在一些住宅中支持该种拓扑，但大多数建筑物如图1例子所示，不采用该种拓扑。在该种情况下，很难采用专用自动小交换机，除非作出努力，把布线修改为“星形”拓扑。美国专利4,821,319，4,459,434，5,090,052，5,596,631，5,781,622，和6,038,300，以及按美国专利分类379/177和379/363的其他专利，公开少量实施例，能在住宅中用单个线对，实现有限的交换功能。
电话线上的数据
存在一种需求，希望用已有的电话基础设施，同时供电话和数据建网之用。这样，由于不必安装附加的布线，简化了在户内或其他建筑物内建立新的局域网的任务。授予Crane的美国专利4,766,402(此后称为“Crane”)教导一种在双线电话线上形成LAN的方法，但不提供电话服务。
频分复用(FDM)概念，本领域是熟知的，该概念提供一种装置，把一导线载运的带宽，分解为能载运模拟电话信号的低频频带和能载运数据通信或其他信号的高频频带。该种机构，例如在授予Reichert等人的美国专利4,785,448(此后称为“Reichert”)中有说明。还有被广泛使用的是xDSL系统、基本的非对称数字用户环(ADSL)系统。
作为本领域有关的现有技术的另一个例子，公开在授予Dichter的美国专利5,896,443(此后称为“Dichter”)中。Dichter建议使用一种方法和设备，把频分复用(FDM)技术用于住宅电话布线，可同时载运电话信号和数据通信信号。该布线能载运的带宽，被分解为能载运模拟电话信号的低频频带，和能载运数据通信信号的高频频带。在该种机构中，电话服务不受影响，同时还在户内已有电话布线上，提供数据通信能力。
Dichter网络示于图5，图上画出的网络50，既用于电话，也提供数据单元的局域网。数据终端装备(DTE)单元24a、24b、和24c，分别通过数据通信装备(DCE)单元23a、23b、和23c，与该局域网连接。数据通信装备的例子，包括调制解调器、线路驱动器、线路接收机、和收发机(本文“收发机”一词，是指发射机和接收机的组合)。DCE单元23a、23b、和23c，分别连接至高通滤波器(HPF)22a、22b、和22c。这些HPF能使DCE单元接入电话线5载运的高频频带。在第一实施例中(图5中未画出)，电话13a、13b、和13c，分别通过连接器14a、14b、和14c，与电话线5直接连接。但是，为了避免电话对数据网的干扰，在第二实施例中(图5中画出)，把低通滤波器(LPF)21a、21b、和21c，从电话线5添加到电话13a、13b、和13c上。此外，也可以把低通滤波器与接线箱16连接，以便滤去来自或传至PSTN布线17的噪声。必须指出，线5a、5b、5c、5d、和5e是同一对导线在电学上的不同段。
本领域中另外的现有技术专利，可以在美国专利分类379/093.08中找到，该分类涉及无需对电话布线(如布线和引出线)作任何改变，而在该电话布线上载运数据。美国专利5,841,360和授予本发明人的美国专利申请09/123,486与09/357,379，是首次建议改变电话布线，通过把布线分解为不同的段，每一段与两个电话引出线连接。这样，网络从‘总线’拓扑，改变为能实现优越通信特征的多段‘点到点’的段。
该种网络60的一部分，示于图6，该图说明用引出线31a和31b代替图1的引出线11。电话布线5分解为不同的段5a、5b、和5c。每一线段的末端，与低通滤波器(LPF)和高通滤波器(HPF)耦合，以便把电话信号和数据信号分离。如图6所示，LPF 21b和21c，分别附于布线段5b的相对两端。该LPF的设计，要能让电话信号通过，并连接在一起，从而为电话信号提供连续的通路。电话信号通过引出线的连接器12a和12b接入，电话装置13a和13b分别通过连接器14a和14b接入该引出线连接器12a和12b。因此能充分支持电话服务。频谱高端载运的数据信号，通过HPF 22b和22c接入，同时分别耦合至线段5b的相对两端。滤波器22a和22d分别连接至线段5a和5c的末端。每一HPF与调制解调器23连接，该调制解调器在电话布线上发送和接收数据信号。调制解调器23a、23b、23c、和23d分别连接至HPF 22a、22b、22c、和22d。数据单元24a和24b通过各引出线的各自连接器(未在图中画出)分别连接至引出线31a和31b。各数据单元是通过引出线中各自的DTE接口耦合的。引出线31a和31b分别包括DTE接口29a和29b。在每一引出线中有三个数据流，两个来自每一调制解调器，一个来自DTE，三个数据流由适配器28a和28b分别处理，这些适配器分别供引出线31a和引出线31b使用。虽然图6说明的实施例中，所有相关功能的部件都装在引出线内，但也可以有别的实施例，其中用于这些功能的部件，只有一些包含在引出线内。
应急线
本文“应急线”一词，是指电话服务用于紧急目的的基本用途。所以，要求任何其他系统或业务(如电力)的故障，都不应降低电话系统的能力。事实上就是表示，只要工作的电话机通过连续的两根线与交换机连接，即使电力中断，都应维持电话服务。
因此，广泛地认识到，有必要，也极其有利的是，提供一种实现户内电话系统的装置，能够在户内对各电话单元连网，并有多路外部用户线，却无需在户内安装额外的线路设施。本发明能满足该目的。
发明内容
本发明公开一种在建筑物内单个电话线上的改进的电话系统。建筑物内的电话线，被用作按TDM(时域复用)方式载运多路话音信道的通信网的媒体。可以用新的布线或先前已有的电话线。在每一引出线中，用一模块执行一路或多路数据话音信道与标准模拟电话信号(POTS)之间的转换。前面所述交换特性，通过在引出线之间以数字方式路由话音信道来实现。来自外部电话馈线(连接在电话服务供应商的中心站与建筑物内的线之间)的信号，也能用一模块使之数字化，并在该通信网中路由。据此，标准的模拟电话装备及其信号，能够通过该模块接口，并能在单个电话线上的多话音信道网中使用。
可以支持两类通信网。第一种配置，按通常的连续排列保留电话布线，从而形成总线式网络，该网络的每一引出线中的模块，有一单个电话线的调制解调器。第二种配置，电话线在每一引出线处截断，而电话线调制解调器与每一线端耦合，从而在每对连接的引出线之间，形成点到点的通信段。
把电话线耦合至电话接口的模块，或模块的任何部件，能够完全集成在引出线内、部分集成在引出线内、或在外部配置。
应急线的功能，通过使用无源滤波器，把可用的线带宽分为低频带和高频带而方便地实现。高频带由多话音信道通信网使用，而低频带则用于载运标准的模拟电话服务，不用任何有源部件。在该种情况下，每一引出线可以包含应急线电话接口，和通信网载运的话音信道的一个或多个电话接口。
因此，本发明提供一种系统，供建筑物内的电话设施使用，该电话设施有一路线和在该线与电话服务供应商中心站之间的外部连线，本系统用于与该电话设施连接，能使该线载运多路话音信道，无需修改或扩充该电话设施，本系统至少包括两个耦合至电话线的模块，其中所述模块能用于：
(a)至少一路标准的模拟电话信号与至少一路时域复用话音信号之间的转换；和
(b)与标准模拟电话装备及其信号接口。
此外，按照本发明，还提供一成套部件，用于把先前已有一路线在建筑物内的电话设施升级，以便能使该线载运更多的话音信道，无需修改或扩充该电话设施，该成套部件包括：
至少一个引出线，所述引出线有一连线，以便与该线耦合；和
一模块，能用于：
(a)至少一路标准的模拟电话信号与至少一路时域复用话音信号之间的转换；和
(b)与标准模拟电话装备及其信号接口。
还有，按照本发明，还提供一种方法，用于把先前已有一路线在建筑物内的电话设施升级，以便能使该线载运更多的话音信道，无需修改或扩充该电话设施，该方法包括的步骤有：
(a)提供电话线调制解调器；
(b)提供用户线接口；
(c)提供分插复用器，用于话音信道与所述用户线接口间的接口；
(d)提供引出线；和
(e)用所述电话线调制解调器、所述用户线接口、和所述分插复用器装配所述引出线。
附图说明
在此仅以举例的方式，参照附图，说明本发明，其中：
图1表示住宅或其他建筑物内一般现有技术的电话线布线配置。
图2表示住宅或其他建筑物内现有技术的双线电话布线配置。
图3表示向住宅或其他建筑物提供多线的第一种现有技术的电话网。
图4表示向住宅或其他建筑物提供多线的第二种现有技术的电话网。
图5表示根据住宅或其他建筑物的电话线布线的第一种现有技术局域网。
图6表示根据住宅或其他建筑物的电话线布线的部分第二种现有技术局域网。
图7表示按照本发明第一实施例的模块。
图8表示按照本发明第一实施例的电话网。
图9表示按照本发明第一实施例的模块，该模块有支持应急线的能力。
图10表示按照本发明第一实施例的电话网，该电话网也有支持应急线的能力。
图11表示按照本发明第二实施例的模块，该模块有支持应急线的能力。
图12表示按照本发明第二实施例的电话网，该电话网也有支持应急线的能力。
图13表示成套部件，用于使已有电话设施升级，支持本发明的系统。
具体实施方式
对本发明的网络，通过参考附图及对附图的说明，可以理解其原理及操作。附图及说明仅是概念性的。实际实现时，单个部件可以实现一种或多种功能；另外，每种功能可以用多个部件和电路来实现。在附图及说明中，相同的参考数字表示不同实施例或配置共有的部件。
本发明第一实施例基于一适配器模块(此后记作“模块”)，该模块能使标准的电话机在电话线上与数据通信网连接。图7画出模块70的功能。模块70有两个端口：一个用于与电话线连接，而另一个用于与一部或多部电话机连接。在电话线上，该模块通过电话线调制解调器23，与数据通信网接口，该调制解调器可以如在Dichter网络50(图5)那样，使用DCE23a。数据通信网载运多路数字化(如PCM)话音信道。分插复用器71，向和从数据通信网中的数字数据流装入和抽取话音信道。模块70处理的话音信道，由一逻辑、控制、和PBX单元73管理。每一话音信道通过用户线接口72a，转换为单个电话接口(POTS)，用户线接口把数字话音信道流转换为模拟接口，能够经过连接器12与标准电话机连接。为了便于把第二个电话连接至模块70，添加另一个用户线接口72b，并耦合至复用器71和逻辑、控制、和PBX单元73。用户线接口72b还处理附加的不同的话音信道。附加的电话机能够通过连接器15连接至用户线接口72b。虽然说明的模块70有通过连接器12和15的两路线，分别向用户线接口72a和72b提供支持，但同样的排列也可用于单个线接口，单个线接口省略了用户线接口72b和连接器15。显而易见，模块70也能支持多于两个该类接口，但增加每个该类接口，要求添加用户线和连接器，以及分插复用器71的相应支持。
模块70也可以包含附加的逻辑、控制、处理、数据存储、和电源。除去如逻辑、控制、和PBX能力等设备由单元73处理外，这些附加的功能由图7没有画出的其他部件执行。
本发明第一网络实施例是基于Dichter网络。图8画出的网络80，是以模块，如模块70(图7)为基础的，图中每一模块能使单个电话机通过连接器12接口。每一这样的模块70，完全装在并集成在电话引出线内，如引出线88a、88b、88c、和88d，电话线调制解调器23与引出线的电话线端口连接，而电话连接器又连接至电话机。
如图8所示，数据通信网的构成，要能使每一引出线(如引出线88a、88b、88c、和88d)内的电话线调制解调器(如电话线调制解调器23)，能用电话线5a、5b、5c、5d、和5e作为网络媒体，在各引出线之间建网。因此，电话13a和13b能在数据通信网上进行它们之间的通信(用作对讲机)。为便于与外部电话网连接，必须添加模块85。模块85在电话线上，把外部电话线与户内数据通信网桥接。网络80通过线对86a和86b，与两路外部电话线接口，线对86a和86b可以是图2所示PSTN网的一部分，或者来自前述的其他外界源。外线86a和86b分别由交换线接口81a和81b转换为数字流。话音信道耦合至分插复用器82，该分插复用器把话音信道插入数字复用数据流，或从数字复用数据流抽取话音信道。复用数据流耦合至电话线调制解调器83，该调制解调器经过电缆84与户内数据网通信。
虽然已经说明网络80有两路外部馈线86a和86b，但是显然，也可以用单个这样的馈线。例如，如果只用线86a，则不需要交换线接口81b。另外，也可以用多于两路这样的馈线。对每一增加的馈线，必须装配附加的交换线接口，以及分插复用器82的附加支持能力。
在住宅内实现网络80，要求用本发明的引出线，如各包含一模块如模块70(图7)的引出线88a(图8)，取代电话引出线，如引出线11a(图1)。此时，线段5a、5b、5c、5d、和5e，各对应于图7中连接至电话线调制解调器的单个扭绞线对，而且引出线88a、88b、88c、和88d用总线拓扑与各线段连接。此外，还必须在接线箱16附近，安装如模块85的模块。但是，建筑物内无需安装或路由新的线。在住宅内安装网络80之后，交换特性及把两路或多路外部电话线接口的能力都能发挥作用。
模块70和模块85都包含有源部件。因此，任何部件出现功率损失或断电事故时，网络80可能不能提供电话服务。所以，为了支持“应急线”能力，模块需要附加的部件。图9画出修改过的模块90，该模块能提供应急线能力。高通滤波器(HPF)22和低通滤波器(LPF)21，如Dichter所说，把电话频谱分解为载运标准模拟信号的低频频带，和用于数据通信网的高频频带。LPF21只用无源部件，且直接与连接器91耦合。因此，插入连接器91的电话机，能提供“应急线”功能，在其信号通路中没有任何有源部件。模块90可以只对应急线连接器91有作用，也可以把应急线连接器91添加在连接器12和15上。另外，在本发明的其他实施例中，模块可以完全不用“应急线”连接器91。
图10按照本发明第一实施例，画出网络100，并示明修改网络使之支持应急线功能的特征。网络100包括模块90a、90b、90c、和90d，分别集成在引出线105a、105b、105c、和105d内。应当指出，集成在引出线105内的模块90，没有专门画在图内。这里同样，线段5a、5b、5c、5d、和5e，各对应于图9中连接至低通滤波器21和高通滤波器22的接线的单个扭绞线对，并且各引出线105a、105b、105c、和105d用总线拓扑与各线段连接。引出线105a、105c、和105d分别有连接器12a、12c、和12d，这些连接器根据数据通信网载运的话音信号，支持电话接口。但是，引出线105b也有连接器91，该连接器如图9所示，提供应急线连接。频谱的低频频带载运来自电话线17的POTS信号，电话线17经过LPF21，与户内网连接。因此，电话机13b直接与线17连接，从而提供应急线服务。频谱的高频频带，用于数据通信网，并通过HPF22与外界连接。LPF21和HPF22两者都用电缆102与接线箱16连接。供外线接口使用的所有部件，都包括在模块101内。在本发明的另一个实施例中，每一引出线(如引出线105a、105b、105c、和105d)除有至少一个电话接口12外，还提供应急线接口91，所以，在住宅内所有引出线中，都可以用应急线接入。
虽然图10画出的模块90完全集成在引出线105内，但本发明各实施例也包括把模块放在引出线外的实施例。同样，可以选择集成在引出线内的模块部件而把另一些部件留在外面。当然，在所有情况中，需要在模块与引出线间作适当的电的和机械的连接。
按照本发明的引出线，在物理上与标准的引出线有类似的尺寸、形状、和整体的外观，所以这样的引出线能够代替建筑物墙内的标准引出线。不需对整个电话线配置和配置作任何改变。
至此，虽然已经说明本发明的数据通信网是根据Dichter拓扑，但本发明同样能够用在图6所示的现有技术布线的网络拓扑，该种网络拓扑，是基于连接引出线的任何线对之间点到点的数据通信。图11画出支持该种网络的模块110，以及其应急线特性。一般配置与图9说明的模块90类似。但是，点到点配置的各电话线段的连线，有一高通滤波器(如HPF22a和HPF22b)、一低通滤波器(如LPF21a和LPF21b)、和一专用电话线调制解调器(如调制解调器23a和调制解调器23b)。分插复用器111把话音信道插入两个电话线调制解调器23a和23b处理的数据流，和从该两个电话线调制解调器23a和23b处理的数据流中抽取话音信道。但是，模块不使用的话音信道，则被路由至其他模块。在三段线段连接的情况，需要添加该组部件。LPF21a和LPF21b两者提供向频谱的低频频带的直接接入，并合起来与应急线连接器91连接。如果不需要应急线支持，则滤波器21a、21b、22a、和22b，以及连接器91可以省去。逻辑、控制、PBX和其他部件如电源，图11上没有画出。这些部件可以提供附加的能力，用于管理诸如数据处理和协议转换等任务。
图12画出利用模块110的网络120。各引出线，如引出线115a、115b、115c、和115d，包含如模块110(图11)的模块。但是，此时的线段5a对应于图11中连接至低通滤波器21a和高通滤波器22a的接线的单个扭绞线对，而线段5b对应于图11中连接至低通滤波器21b和高通滤波器22b的接线的单个扭绞线对。类似地，线段(5b，5c)、(5c，5d)、和(5d，5e)、各连接至引出线115b、115c、和115d，引出线115b、115c、和115d，对应于图11中各自的扭绞线对，这些扭绞线对分别连接至低通滤波器21a和高通滤波器22a的接线、和低通滤波器21b和高通滤波器22b的接线。一般说，保留了网络100(图10)的网络结构。但是，在该种配置中，引出线115a、115b、115c、和115d，用点到点(或菊花链接)拓扑与各线段连接。
升级用的成套部件
本发明还提供把已有电话设施升级的成套部件，以支持本文说明的网络。图13画出该成套部件的实施例，该成套部件包括引出线132、引出线134、和安装指南136。引出线132有耦合至电话线的连线144，和用于安装进建筑物墙内的支撑点如突缘146。引出线132还有插口138和插口140。第一插口通过连接器91(图9)，支持应急线电话服务，而后一插口则以改进的交换特性提供电话服务。在引出线132内，有一按照本发明的模块，该模块已在前面说明并画在图9或图11。类似地，在本发明的一个实施例中，插口138是电话插口。在另一个实施例中，插口140是一数据插口。图13画出的成套部件实施例，有两个引出线，即引出线132和引出线134，图上画出的基本上是全同的。但是，在其他实施例中，成套部件只包含引出线132。在不同的实施例中，也可能有其他的变化。与前述模块类似，可以提供附加的部件和能力，用于管理诸如数据处理和协议转换等任务。
本发明还提供一种方法，用于把先前已有一路线在建筑物内的电话设施升级，以支持本文说明的网络。本方法包括：
(a)提供具有所述电话线调制解调器、所述用户线接口、和所述分插复用器的所述引出线。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，已有的设施能够升级，以支持应急线通信。在此情况下，还有附加的步骤如下：
(b)提供无源的高通和低通滤波器，用于从复用话音信道的较高频带中，分离供标准模拟电话使用的较低频带；
(c)连接这些滤波器，以便把标准的模拟电话服务与复用的话音信道隔离；和
(d)提供一连接器，把标准的电话机与标准的模拟电话服务连接。
虽然本发明已经用有限数量的实施例加以说明，但显然还可以对本发明作许多变化、修改、和其他的应用。
因此，举例说，虽然本发明已经具体参照安装在家庭住宅的网络加以说明，但显然没有对本发明施加该种限制，并且本发明同样可以用于非家庭房屋，如办公室、车间、如此等等。

Claims (20)

1.一种供建筑物内电话设施使用的系统(80)，该电话设施(10)包括一线(5)和在该线与电话服务供应商的中心站(18)之间的外部连线(16、17a)，本系统(80)用于与该电话设施连接，以便使该线能载运更多的话音信道，无需修改或扩充该电话设施，本系统至少包括两个与该电话线耦合的模块(70、85、90、101、110)，其中所述模块能用于：
(a)在至少一路标准的模拟电话信号与至少一路时域复用话音信道之间进行转换；和
(b)与标准的模拟电话装备及其信号接口。
2.按照权利要求1的系统，其中该线能载运至少第一和第二频带，所述第一频带能载运标准的模拟电话信号，本系统还包括至少一个无源滤波器(21、22)，用于把第一频带与第二频带分离。
3.按照权利要求1或2的系统，其中该线是先前已有的线。
4.按照权利要求1至3任一项的系统，其中该线以总线拓扑为特征。
5.按照权利要求1至3任一项的系统，其中该线以点到点拓扑为特征。
6.按照前述权利要求任一项的系统，还包括至少一个引出线(88a、105a)，用于与至少两个所述模块耦合。
7.按照权利要求6的系统，其中至少一个所述模块，完全包含在所述至少一个引出线内。
8.按照权利要求6或7的系统，其中至少一个所述模块，部分包含在所述至少一个引出线内。
9.按照权利要求6或7的系统，其中至少一个所述模块，在所述至少一个引出线之外。
10.一套成套部件，用于把先前已有一路线在建筑物内的电话设施升级，以便使该线能载运更多的话音信道，无需修改或扩充该电话设施，本成套部件包括：
至少一个引出线(132、134)，所述引出线有一连线(144)与该线耦合；和
一模块(70、85、90a、90b、90c、90d、101)，能用于：
(a)在至少一路标准的模拟电话信号与至少一路时域复用话音信道之间进行转换；和
(b)与标准的模拟电话装备及其信号接口。
11.按照权利要求10的成套部件，其中所述模块还能用于数据处理。
12.按照权利要求10或11的成套部件，其中所述模块还能用于协议转换。
13.按照权利要求10至12任一项的成套部件，其中所述模块，完全包含在所述引出线内。
14.按照权利要求10至12任一项的成套部件，其中所述模块，部分包含在所述引出线内。
15.按照权利要求10至12任一项的成套部件，其中所述模块，在所述引出线之外。
16.按照权利要求10至15任一项的成套部件，还包括电话线调制解调器(23)。
17.按照权利要求10至16任一项的成套部件，其中所述引出线是电话引出线。
18.按照权利要求10至17任一项的成套部件，供能载运多个频带的一路线使用，该多个频带中的一个频带能载运标准的模拟电话信号，该成套部件还包括至少一个无源滤波器，用于分离该能载运标准模拟电话信号的频带。
19.一种把先前已有一路线在建筑物内的电话设施升级的方法，以便使该线能载运更多的话音信道，无需修改或扩充该电话设施，本方法包括的步骤有：
(a)提供电话线调制解调器；
(b)提供用户线接口；
(c)提供分插复用器，用于把话音信道与所述用户线接口接口；
(d)提供引出线；和
(e)用所述电话线调制解调器、所述用户线接口、和所述分插复用器装配所述引出线。
20.按照权利要求19的方法，其中该线能用于载运标准模拟电话服务，该方法还包括如下步骤：
(a)提供无源高通滤波器和无源低通滤波器；
(b)连接所述滤波器，以便把标准的模拟电话服务与该多路话音信道隔离；和
(c)提供连接器，以便把电话机连接至该标准的模拟电话服务。
CNB01809872XA 2000-04-18 2001-03-12 在单个电话线上的电话通信系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1251554C (zh)

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