CN1377433A - 合成皮革 - Google Patents

合成皮革 Download PDF

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CN1377433A
CN1377433A CN00813811A CN00813811A CN1377433A CN 1377433 A CN1377433 A CN 1377433A CN 00813811 A CN00813811 A CN 00813811A CN 00813811 A CN00813811 A CN 00813811A CN 1377433 A CN1377433 A CN 1377433A
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synthetic leather
multicomponent filaments
weaving cloth
polymer
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R·瓦格纳
R·格罗坦
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Carl Freudenberg KG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/016—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the fineness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
    • A43B23/0215—Plastics or artificial leather
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/07—Linings therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/08—Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners
    • A43B23/16—Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners made of impregnated fabrics, plastics or the like
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/018—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the shape
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0004—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using ultra-fine two-component fibres, e.g. island/sea, or ultra-fine one component fibres (< 1 denier)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes

Abstract

本发明涉及一种合成皮革,它是由一种用聚合物浸渍的和/或涂层的单位面积重为150－500g/m2,以及在纵向和横向的抗拉强度>300N/5cm的非织造布组成的。其中非织造布是由熔融纺丝,气动牵伸和直接铺成网的纤度<2dted的多组分长丝组成的,多组分长丝在预固定后至少90%分裂成纤度<0.2dtex的超细长丝和然后再进行固定。

Description

合成皮革
本发明涉及合成皮革，它是由一种用聚合物浸渍和/或涂层的单位面积重量为100-500g/m2和纵向及横向抗拉强度＞300N/5cm的非织造布组成的。
从文献EP-A0090397可知非织造布是由超细缠结的长丝组成的，它具有层结构和通过用聚合物浸渍和/或涂层可加工成合成皮革。作为原料纤维特别是采用“海岛”型纤维，在其中超细纤维由于基质聚合物的溶出而分离出来。此外也有报导采用可分裂的原料纤维。
文献EP-A0624676公开由超细纤维组成的非织造布和由双组分纤维制造非织造布的方法。双组分纤维的原料聚合物的熔点差别应在30-180℃和将其纺成多断片纤维。将铺成纤维网的双组分纤维进行点轧，在其中只有较低熔点的纤维组分熔化和固定。下一步是将由多断片纤维形成的非织造布通过机械作用于纤维上，使之至少70％分裂成超细的分断片纤维。这样得到的非织造布达到在纵向和横向上的抗拉强度值最大为260N/5cm并可用作床上用品，卫生产品的吸收剂，如手巾，尿布，睡袋的填充料，人造革，绝热材料和其它用途。
本发明的任务是，提供价廉物美和高抗拉强度的合成皮革和制造它的方法。
按本发明此任务通过一种合成皮革来解决，它是由一种用聚合物浸渍和/或涂层的单位面积重为100-500g/m2和在纵向和横向上的抗拉强度＞300N/cm2的非织造布组成的，其中非织造布由熔融纺丝，气动牵伸和直接铺成网的具有纤度＜2dtex的多组分长丝组成，多组分长丝在预固化后至少90％分裂成纤度＜0.2dtex的超细长丝和进行固定。这样的合成皮革在比较轻的重量下具有高的抗拉强度，因此是低廉物美的。此外它在其手感上接近天然材料。
优选是这样的一种合成皮革，在其中多组分长丝是由两种不相容的聚合物组成的双组分长丝，尤其是聚酯和聚酰胺。这种双组分长丝显示良好的分裂成超细长丝的可分裂性和实现合适的强度对单位面积重量的比例。
优选是这样的一种合成皮革，在其中多组分长丝具有桔子(瓣)状的多断片结构的截面，其中断片交替地各含有两个不相容的聚合物中的一种。除了多组分长丝的这种桔子(瓣)状的多断片结构外，不相容的聚合物在多组分长丝中也有另外的排列如并列或类似菊花瓣状的排列也有可能。在多组分长丝中不相容聚合物这样的排列证明具有非常好的可分裂性。
优选是这样的一种合成皮革，在其中形成多组分长丝的不相容聚合物中至少有一种含有一种含量至10％(重量)添加剂，如颜料，永久性作用的抗静电剂和/或影响亲水性或疏水性的添加剂。由纺液着色的纤维组成的合成皮革显示非常高的高温色牢度。此外也可通过添加剂减少和避免静电荷和改善输湿性能。
特别优选的是一种合成皮革，在其中非织造布用10-45％(重量)的聚合物(以非织造布原料重量为基础)浸渍。按本发明在同样的或甚至于更优的合成皮革的强度性能时只需要比至今已知产品的原料非织造布较少的浸渍。
按本发明的制造合成皮革的方法是，多组分长丝由熔融纺丝，气动牵伸得到和直接将其铺成网，进行预固定和将非织造布通过高压流体射流固定，同时分裂成纤度＜0.2dtex的超细长丝，随后用聚合物浸渍和/或涂层。这样得到的合成皮革厚度非常均匀，它显示出各自同性的纤维分布，无脱层的倾向和以高模量值为特征。
更有利的制造合成皮革的方法是，多组分长丝的固定和分裂按下法进行，即将预固定的非织造布多次交替地在两侧用高压水射流冲击(加载)。因此合成皮革的原料非织造布显示良好的表面和多组分长丝的分裂度＞90％。
更有利的是多组分长丝的分裂和固定的方法是在一带有转动的滚筒筛的设备上进行。这样的设备使装置建得很紧凑。
更有利是将分裂成超细长丝和用高压流体射流固定的非织造布用溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中的聚氨酯浸渍和聚合物用已知方法凝固。
在制造按本发明的合成皮革时特别优选的是，用聚合物浸渍是采用含水的聚氨酯胶乳分散液和随后进行凝固。原料非织造布的这种浸渍的形式使得无残余溶剂和固此是环境友好的。
此方法特别优选的是，在其中多组分长丝是纺液着色。染料在聚合物纤维中紧密结合导致突出的热光牢度。
此外优选的是在不同的应用中进行磨毛或起绒后处理。由此可改善手感和表面性能，此外可达到所谓的“书写效应。”对于“书写效应”可理解为超细纤维端部暴露在合成皮革表面上，可看出它的取向。
按本发明制造的合成皮革特别适用于制鞋工业中作面料，内衬，缘饰或鞋跟衬料。此外它们适合用作服装材料。由于它们良好的机械强度和在纺液着色的产品由于它的热光牢度，本发明的合成皮革适合应用于汽车内构造制作控制板，侧面衬里，顶部贮存室(Hutablage)，车顶衬里或行李间衬里和用于制造软垫家具，特别是适用作安乐椅，沙发和椅子的面料。
实例1
由聚酯聚酰胺(PES-PA)双组分长丝制造单位面积重为160g/m2的纤维网和用高至250巴的压力进行双面水刺。在水刺(导致原料长丝同时分裂)后双组分长丝的纤度＜0.2dtex。将固定的非织造布用在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中溶解的聚氨酯(PUR)浸渍。其中大约基于非织造布原料重量的12％(重量)的聚氨酯涂覆在上面。将得到的、聚合物浸渍的非织造布进行表面磨毛和为改善手感例如用专用有机硅树脂进行整理。由此得到带有正绒面(nubuk)状表面的合成皮革。
实例2
由PES/PA双组分长丝制造单位面积重为110g/m2的纤维网和用高至250巴的压力进行双面水刺。在水刺(导致原料长丝同时分裂)后双组分长丝的纤度＜0.2dtex。将固定的非织造布用含水的聚氨酯胶乳分散液浸渍，其中大约基于非织造布原料重量的10％(重量)的聚氨酯涂覆在上面。聚氨酯通过用热水或饱和蒸汽处理而凝固和随后在的150-160℃进行干燥和交联。将得到的、聚合物浸渍的非织造布进行表石磨毛和为改善手感例如用专用的有机硅树脂进行整理。同此得到带有正绒面状表面的合成皮革。

Claims (15)

1.一种合成皮革，由一用聚合物浸渍和/或涂层的单位面积重为100-500g/m2和在纵向和横向的抗拉强度＞300N/5cm的非织造布组成，在其中非织造布是由熔融纺丝，气动牵伸和直接铺成网的纤度＜2dtex的多组分长丝组成，多组分长丝在预固定后至少达到90％分裂成纤度＜0.2dtex的超细长丝和将其进行固定。
2.按权利要求1的合成皮革，其特征在于，多组分长丝是一种由两种不相容聚合物，特别是由聚酯和聚酰胺组成的双组分长丝。
3.按权利要求1或2的合成皮革，其特征在于，多组分长丝具有桔子(瓣)状的多断片结构的截面，其中断片交替地各含有两个不相容聚合物中的一种。
4.按权利要求1至3之一的合成皮革，其特征在于形成多组分长丝的不相容聚合物中至少有一种含有含量至10％(重量)的添加剂，如颜料、永久性作用的抗静电剂和/或影响亲水性或疏水性的添加剂。
5.按权利要求1至4之一的合成皮革，其特征在于，非织造布用10-45％(重量)的聚合物浸渍，基于非织造布原料重量。
6.按权利要求1至5之一的合成皮革的制造方法，其特征在于，多组分长丝由熔体纺丝，进行气动牵伸和直接铺成网，预固定，非织造布通过高压流体射流进行固定以及同时分裂成纤度＜0.2dtex的超细长丝和随后用聚合物浸渍和/或涂层。
7.按权利要求6的方法，其特征在于，多组分长丝的固定和分裂是这样进行的，即将预固定的非织造布多次交替地用高压流体射流从两面加载。
8.按权利要求7的方法，其特征在于，多组分长丝的固定和分裂是在一台带有转动的滚筒筛的设备上进行。
9.按权利要求6至8之一的方法，其特征在于，用溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中的聚氨酯的聚合物浸渍和聚合物进行凝固。
10.按权利要求6至8之一的方法，其特征在于，浸渍是用含水的聚氨酯胶乳分散液的聚合物进行。
11.按权利要求7至10之一的方法，其特征在于，多组分长丝的染色是用纺液进行。
12.按权利要求7至11之一的方法，其特征在于，后处理是用磨毛或起绒。
13.按权利要求7至12之一制造的合成皮革的应用，其特征在于，合成皮革用于制鞋工业作面料，内衬，缘饰和鞋跟衬料。
14.按权利要求7至12之一制造的合成皮革的应用，其特征在于，合成皮革应用于汽车内部，用于制造控制板，侧面衬里，顶部贮存室，车顶衬里或行李间衬里。
15.按权利要求7至12之一制造的合成皮革的应用，其特征在于，合成皮革应用于服装一或软垫家俱工业中，特别是作安乐椅，沙发和椅子的面料。
CNB008138117A 1999-10-05 2000-09-01 合成皮革 Expired - Fee Related CN1174143C (zh)

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EP (1) EP1226304A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2003511568A (zh)
KR (1) KR20020043605A (zh)
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AU (1) AU772800B2 (zh)
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CN103976509A (zh) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-13 王叔杰 用于鞋加强件的复合层状结构及其制造方法

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DE102005014317A1 (de) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-05 Carl Freudenberg Kg Synthetisches Leder, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung
JPWO2007099951A1 (ja) * 2006-02-28 2009-07-16 株式会社クラレ 人工皮革およびその製造方法
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CN103168127A (zh) * 2010-06-15 2013-06-19 朗盛德国有限责任公司 规格板型
CN103976509A (zh) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-13 王叔杰 用于鞋加强件的复合层状结构及其制造方法
CN103976509B (zh) * 2013-02-08 2016-03-09 王叔杰 用于鞋加强件的复合层状结构及其制造方法

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CZ20021153A3 (cs) 2002-06-12
IL148867A0 (en) 2002-09-12
NO20021519L (no) 2002-03-26
CN1174143C (zh) 2004-11-03
ZA200202652B (en) 2005-09-28
EE200200167A (et) 2003-04-15
CA2386390A1 (en) 2001-04-12
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BG106564A (bg) 2002-10-31
HUP0203698A2 (en) 2003-04-28
TR200200908T2 (tr) 2002-08-21
EP1226304A1 (de) 2002-07-31
AU772800B2 (en) 2004-05-06
RU2233359C2 (ru) 2004-07-27
NO20021519D0 (no) 2002-03-26

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