CN1373941A - Cdma通信系统中使用天线阵列之传输 - Google Patents

Cdma通信系统中使用天线阵列之传输 Download PDF

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CN1373941A
CN1373941A CN00812637A CN00812637A CN1373941A CN 1373941 A CN1373941 A CN 1373941A CN 00812637 A CN00812637 A CN 00812637A CN 00812637 A CN00812637 A CN 00812637A CN 1373941 A CN1373941 A CN 1373941A
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大卫·米雪克
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/712—Weighting of fingers for combining, e.g. amplitude control or phase rotation using an inner loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
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    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0678—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using different spreading codes between antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
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    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
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    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
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    • H04B7/0857—Joint weighting using maximum ratio combining techniques, e.g. signal-to- interference ratio [SIR], received signal strenght indication [RSS]
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
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    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70701—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation featuring pilot assisted reception
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/0845—Weighted combining per branch equalization, e.g. by an FIR-filter or RAKE receiver per antenna branch

Abstract

本发明提供使用复数传输天线之资料讯号之传输及接收。每一天线传输具有一假随机晶片码序列之一不同的前导讯号。一接收器过滤每一使用该前导讯号之晶片码之被传输之前导讯号。被过滤之前导被加权并被结合。每一前导讯号之权数有部份在被结合讯号之讯号品质上被合适地调整。一资料讯号被传输,使得该资料讯号之不同的展频版本从每一天线被传输。每一版本具有不同晶片码识别子之版本。于接收时,每一版本以其相关之晶片码而被过滤。该被过滤之版本依据与被接收天线之前导讯号相关之被调整权数而被加权。

Description

CDMA通信系统中使用天线阵列之传输
发明背景
发明领域
本发明一般是关于无线划码存取通信系统(code division multiple access)中之讯号传输及接收。尤指一种使用天线阵列以改进无线CDMA通信系统中之讯号接收之系统及方法。
习知技术说明
第一图表示一种习知CDMA通信系统。该通信系统具有复数基地台20-32。每一通信基地台20于其运作区域中使用展频(spread spectrum)CDMA与使用者设备(EUs)34-38进行通信。从基地台20到每一UE 43-38之通讯被视为下行链路(downlink)通信，而从每一UE 34-38至基地台20之通信被视为上行链路(uplink)通信。
表示于第二图中系一简化之CDMA传输器及接收器。一具有预定频宽之资料讯号由一混合器40将之与产生由天线42传输用之数位展频讯号之一假随机晶片码序列(pseudo random chip code sequence)混合。当讯号在天线44被接收时，该资料经过在混合器46中与用以传输资料之假随机晶片码序列之相关(correlation)以后被复制。藉由使用不同的假随机晶片码序列，许多资料讯号使用相同的通道频宽。尤其是，基地台20将在相同频宽上对多个UE2 34-38进行通信。
为了与一接收器之间的时脉同步，一未调变之前导讯号被使用。该前导讯号允许对应的接收器与一预定之允许资料讯号在接收器被去扩展(despreading)之传输器同步。在典型的CDMA系统中，每一基地台20传送由通信范围内之所有Ues34-38所接收之一单一前导讯号以便同步前向链结(forward link)传输。相反地，在某些CDMA系统中，例如在B-CDMATM空气介面中，每一UE 34-38传输一单一之被指定前导讯号以同步逆向链结(reverse link)传输
当一UE 34-38或一基地台20-32接收一特定讯号时，在相同频宽中之所有讯号系关于该特定讯号之类似杂讯的讯号。增加一讯号之功率准位将衰退相同频宽中所有其它讯号。然而，将功率准位降低太多会产生不想要的被接收讯号品质。一种用以测量被接收讯号之指标是讯号对杂讯比(signal to noise ratio，SNR)。在接收器端，所述之被接收讯之大小被与所接收之杂讯的大小做比较。在传输讯号中以具有高SNR而被接收之资料很容易地在接收器被还原。低SNR导致资料的遗失。
为了在最小的传输准位功率准位中维持想要的号对杂讯比，大多数的CDMA系统使用某些适应性的功率控制形式。藉由降低传输功率，相同频宽中之讯号之间的杂讯被降低。使得，增加了相同频宽中之位于所欲之讯号对杂讯比之被接收讯号的最大数目。
虽然适应性的功率控制降低相同频宽中之讯号的干扰，限制系统容量之干扰依然存在。一种增加使用相同射频(radio frequency，RF)频谱之讯号的技术系使用扇化(sectorization)。在扇化中，一基地台使用方向性天线以便将该基地台之运作区域分割为数个区段。使得，在不同区段中之讯号之间的干扰被降低。然而，在相同频宽之相同区段中的讯号之间互相产生干扰。此外，被扇化的基地台通常指定不同的频宽给降低一预定频宽之频谱效率之相邻的区段。
美国第5,652,74号专利揭示一种传输器阵列系统。每一阵列之天线传输一扩展(spread)的资料讯号。每一资料被以不同的正交码(orthogonal code)扩展。一接收器接收该被传输之扩展资料讯号。该被接收之讯号使用正交码被匹配虑波器或相关器而被去扩展。被去扩展之复数资料讯号被结合或是选择其中一被去扩展讯号做为被接收讯号
EPO 881 781 A2揭示一种传输多样化架构。一讯息讯号从复数使用每一天线用之不同扩展码之天线被传输。
美国第5,812,542号专利揭示一种CDMA系统之软交流(softhandoff)系统。复数基地台之每一基地台传输一前导讯号及相同的资料讯号。行动单元接收该前导讯号并使用从前导讯号决定之比重讯息而去扩展该相同的资料讯号该被去扩展之相同资料讯号被结合为一输出资料讯号
使得，存在着进一步改良被接收讯号之讯号品质而不降低传输功率之系统的需求。
发明概述
本发明提供使用复数传输天线之资料讯号之传输及接收。每一天线传输具有一假随机晶片码序列之一不同的前导讯号。一接收器过滤每一使用该前导讯号之晶片码之被传输之前导讯号。被过滤之前导讯号被加权(weighted)并结合每一前导讯号之权数(weight)适合在被结合讯号之讯号品质上被部份调整。一资料讯号被传输，使得该资料讯号之不同的展频版本(version)从每一天线被传输。每一版本具有不同晶片码识别子之版本。于接收时，每一版本以其相关之晶片码而被过滤。该被过滤之版本依据与被接收天线之前导讯号相关之被调整权数而被加权。
图式简要说明
第一习系一种习知之无线展频CDMA通信系统。
第二图系习知之展频CDMA传输器及接收器。
第三图系本发明之传输器。
第四图系传输多重资料讯号之本发明之传输器。
第五图系本发明之前导讯号接收电路。
第六图系本发明之资料讯号接收电路。
第七图系前导讯号接收电路之一实施例。
第八图系最小平均平方加权电路。
第九图系与第七图之前导讯号接收电路一起使用之资料讯号接收电路。
第十图系每一RAKE之输出被加权之前导讯号接收电路之一实施例。
第十一图系与第十图之前导讯号接收电路一起使用之资料讯号接收电路。
第十二图系前导讯号接收电路之一实施例，其中传输阵列之天线系紧密扩展
第十三图系使使用第十二图之前导讯号接收电路之资料接收电路。
第十四图系CDMA通信系统中之电波控制。
第十五图系一电波控制传输器。
第十六图系传输多重资料讯号之电波控制传输器。
第十七图系与第十四图之传输器一启使用之资料接收电路。
第十八图系于上行链路及下行链路使用相同频率时之前导讯号接收电路
第十九图系与第十八图一起使用之传输电路。
第二十图系与第十八图之前导讯号接收电路一起使用之资料讯号接收器。
1：前导讯号
48-52、56-60：天线
54：资料处理器
56-60：前导讯号产生器
62-66、94、112、162-164、208-212、250-254、302、404、418：组合器
74-78：产生器
82-86、100-104、406-410：RAKE88-92、106-110、324-340、344-348、398-402、412-416：加权装置
98、420：误差讯号产生器
106-110、318-322：权数装置
114-124、178-188、292-294：延迟装置
126、144-160、190-206、214-230、256-260、274-290、304-306、378-382：混合器
168、262-266：减法器
170、268-272、422：权数调整装置
174：放大器176：积分器
232-248、308-310、424-440：转储(sum and dump)电路
312-316：电波
342：资料讯号产生器
392-396：资料RAKE加权
较佳实施例说明
较佳实施例将参照图式而被描述，全文中之相同标号代表相同元件。第三图系本发明之传输器。该传输器具有一天线48-52阵列，较佳者为3或4天线。为区别每一天线48-52之用，一不同的讯号与每一天线56-60产生相关。与每一天线相关之较佳讯号系如第十三图所示之一前导讯号。每一扩展前导讯号由使用一不同的假随机晶片码序列之一前导讯号产生器56-60所产生并由组合器62-66以个别的扩展资料序号组合。每一扩展资料系使用资料处理器54藉由在混合器378-382混合所产生之讯号与每一天线48-52之不同之假随机晶片码序列D1-DN而被产生。被组合的讯号被调变至想要的载频并经由阵列之天线48-52被发射。
藉由使用阵列天线，传输器使用特别的差异。如果被分离得够远，由每一天线48-2发射之讯号在行进至一预定接收器时将受到不同的多路径失真。因为被天线48-5传送之每一讯号将依循多路径(multipath)至一预定之接收器，每一被接收讯号将具有多路径成份。这些成份产生传输器之每一天线48-52与接收器之间之通信通道。较佳者，当被一天线48-52于一假频道上被传输到一预定接收器之讯号被衰退时，来自其它天线48-52之讯号被用以维持高接收SNR。此效应藉由适合地在接收器组合被接收讯号而达成。
第四图表示于一基地台内被使用以传送多重资料讯号之传输器。每一扩展资料系由在混合器360-376混合一来自产生器74-78之相对讯号与不同的假随机晶片码序列D11-DNM而被产生。使得，每一资料讯号使用每一天线48-52之不同的假随机晶片码序列，总共N×M个码序列。N系天线数量，而M系资料讯号之数量。接着，每一扩展的资料讯号被与关于天线48-52之扩展前导讯号组合。该被组合之讯号被调变并由阵列之天线48-52发射。
前导讯号接收电路表示于第五图。每一被传输之前导讯号被天线80接收。对每一前导讯号，一去扩展装置，如第五图所示之RAKE 82-86或一向量相关器，被用以使用相对之前导讯号之假随机晶片码序列之复制而去扩展每一前导讯号。该去扩展装置也补偿通信通道中之多路径。每一被回复之前导讯号被一加权装置88-92所加权。权数系指讯号之大小及相位。虽然加权被表示为耦合至RAKE，加权装置最好也加权RAKE之每一指(finger)。于加权之后，所有被加权回复之前导讯号在组合器94中被组合。使用一误差讯号产生器98，由加权组合所提供之前导讯号之估计被用以产生误差讯号。基于误差讯号，每一加权装置88-92之重量使用适合的演算法，如最小平均平方(least mean squared，LMS)或循环最小平方(recursiveleast squares，RLS)，而被调整以使误差讯号为最小。使得，被组合讯号之讯号品质为最大。
第六图表示使用由前导讯号回复电路所决定之权数之资料讯号接收电路。被传输之讯号由天线80所还原。对传输阵列之每一天线48-52而言，来自对应去扩展装置，如所示之RAKE 82-86，被用于使用相对应天线所使用之资料讯号之扩展码之复制来过滤资料讯号。使用为每一天线前导讯号决定之权数，每一权数装置106-110以关于对应前导之权数加权RAKE之去扩展讯号。例如，加权装置88对应前导讯号1之传输天线48。由前导RAKE 82所为前导讯号1所决定之权数也于第六图之加权装置106被应用。此外，如果RAKE的指(finger)为对应的前导讯号之RAKE 82-86而被调整，相同的权数将被应用于资料讯号之RAKE 100-104之指(finger)。于加权之后，被加权的讯号由组合器112组合以回复原始的资料讯号。
藉由使用资料讯号用之与每一天线之前导讯号相同的权数，每一RAKE 82-86补偿由每一天线讯号所经历之通道失真。使得，资料讯号接收电路在每一假通道上使资料讯号为最佳化。藉由最佳地组合每一假通道之最佳化讯号，可增加被接收之讯号的讯号品质。
第七图表示前导讯号回复电路之实施例。每一被传输之前导由接收器天线80所复原。为解扩展每一前导，每一RAKE 82-86使用对应前导之假随机晶片码序列，P1-PN。每一前导讯号之延迟版本由延迟装置114-124所产生。每一延迟版本被一混合器126与一被接收讯号混合。该被混合之讯号穿过总合及转储(sum and dump)电路424-440并使用混合器144-160被加权由该权数调整装置170所决定之数量。每一前导之被加权之多路径成份被组合器162-164所组合。每一前导之组合的输出被组合器94所组合。因为一前导讯号没有资料，被组合之前导讯号应该具有一值为1+j0。被组合之前导讯号在减法器168被与理想值1+j0比较。基于被组合之前导讯号从理想值之偏移加权装置144-160之权数使用适合的演算法而被权数调整装置170所调整。
用于产生一权数之LMS演算法被表示于第八图。减法器168之输出使用一混合器172而被乘上前导之对应的扩展延迟版本。所得之乘积将被一放大器174所放大并被积分器176所积分积分的结果被用以加权W1M，RAKE指(finger)。
与第七图之实施例一起使用之资料接收电路系为第九图所示之基地台接收器所使用。所接收之讯号被传送至分别与每一阵列之天线48-52相关之RAKE 100-104集合。每一RAKE 100-104使用延迟装置178-188产生被接收讯号所使用之延迟版本。被延迟之版本使用混合器190-206基于为相对应之天线的前导所决定之权数而被加权。该预定RAKE 100-104之被加权之资料讯号由组合器208-212组合。一组合器208-212系与每一N传输天线48-52有关。每一被组合讯号系由在混合器214-230混合组合的讯号与用以在传输器产生M展延资料讯号D11-DNM之展延码而被去展延M次。每一去展延资料讯号经过总合及转储电路232-248。对每一资料讯号而言，对应的总合及转储电路之结果被一组合器250-254所组合以复原每一资料讯号。
另一前导讯号接收电路表示于第十图。此接收电路之去扩展电路82-86系与第七图相同。每一RAKE 82-86之输出使用一混合器256-260于组合被去扩展前导讯号之前被加权。于组合之后，组合的前导讯号被与理想值比较而其比较结果则被用以使用一适合的演算法调整每一RAKE之输出之权数。为调整每一RAKE 82-86之中的权数，每一RAKE 82-86之输出使用减法器262-266与一理想值比较。基于比较的结果，每一加权装置144-160之权数由权数调整装置268-272决定。
与第十图之实施例一起使用之资料讯号接收电路表示于第十一图。此电路类似具有加权每一总合及转储电路232-248之输出之额外的混合器274-290之第九图之资料讯号接收电路。每一总合及转储电路232-248被加权的量与相对应之前导RAKE 82-86被加权的量相同。较佳者，每一RAKE组合器208-212之输出可于被混合器214-230混合之前被加权对应前导RAKE 82-86之量以取代混合后之权数。
如果传输阵列中之天线48-52之间隔小，每一天线之讯号将经验类似的多路径环境。于此情况中第十二图之前导接收电路可被使用。被选择之一前导讯号之权数以类似第十图之方式被决定。然而，因为每一前导之传送经过相同的假通道，为简化电路，相同的权数被用以去扩展其它前导讯号。延迟装置292-294产生被接收讯号之延迟版本。每一被延迟版本被一混合器296-230加权与对应之被选择前导讯号之延迟的版本所被加权之权数相同。加权装置之输出被一组合器302所组合。被组合的讯号被混合器304-306使用前导讯号之假随机晶片码序列P2-Pn之复制而被去扩展。每一前导之混合器304-306穿过总合及转储电路308-310。于同第十图之方式，每一被去扩展之前导被加权并组合。
与第十二图之实施例一起使用之资料讯号回复电路表示于第十三图。延迟装置178-180产生被接收讯号之延迟的版本。每一被延迟版本被混合器190-194加权在第十二图中之前导讯号所使用之相同权数。混合器之输出被组合器208所组合。组合器208之输出被输入第十三图之每一资料讯号去扩展器。
本发明也提供如第十四图所示之适应性电波控制之技术。由天线阵列所传送之每一讯号将基于被提供给阵列之每一天线48-52之权数而于图案中产生结构性及破坏性的干扰。使得，藉由选择适合的权数，天线阵列之电波312-316被引导至所欲之方向。
第十五图表示电波控制传摅电路。此电路类似第三图之电路具有额外的权数装置318-322目标接收器将接收由阵列所传输之前导讯号。使用第五图之前导讯号接收电路，目标接收器决定调整每一前导之RAKE之输出之权数。这些权数也被传送到传输器，如藉由使用讯号通道。这些权数被输入扩展资料讯号如第五图所示。对每一天线而言，扩展资料讯号藉由加权装置318-322对应被用以调整在提供扩展增益之目标接收器上之天线前导讯号之权数而被给予一权数。使得，被发射之资料讯号将被聚集至该目标接收器。第十六图表示电波控制传输器如同被使用于传送多重资料讯号至不同目标接收器之基地台。由目标接收器所接收之权数藉由加权装置324-340被应用于对应的资料讯号。
第十七图表示第十五及十六之图电波控制传输器之讯号接收电路。因为被传输之讯号已被加权，资料讯号接收电路不需要第六图之加权装置106-110。
本发明之电波控制之优是双重的。被传输的讯号被朝向目标接收器聚集改良了被接收讯号的品质。相反地，该讯号偏离其它接收器而被聚集降低了对其它讯号的干扰。由于此二因素，使用本发明之电波控制之系统的容量可以增加。使得，由于前导讯号接收电路所使用之适合的演算法，权数可以动态性地被调整。藉由调整权数，资料讯号之电波将动态地回应移动的接收器或传输器以及回应在多路径环境中的改变。
在使用下行链路及上行链路讯号之相同频率之系统中，例如划时双工(timedivision duplex，TDD)，另一实施例被使用。由于往复性，下行链路讯号经验如同在相同频率上传送之上行链路讯号之多路径。为获得往复之优点，由基地台之接收器所决定之权数被使用于基地台之传输器。于此种系统中，第十八图之基地台之接收电路是与第十九图之传输电路共置，如同在一基地台内。
在第十八图之接收电路中，每一天线48-52接收由UE所传送之个别的前导讯号。每一前导被RAKE 406-410所过滤并由一加权装置412-416加权。被加权及过滤之前导讯号被组合器418组合。使用误差讯号产生器420及权数调整装置422，与权数装置12-416相关之权数使用适合的演算法而被调整。
第十九图之传输电路具有一资料讯号产生器342以产生一资料讯号。资料讯号使用混合器384被扩展。被扩展之资料讯号被加权装置344-348加权如同由第十九图之接收电路为每一假通道决定之加权。
第二十图之电路系用以当做基地台之资料讯号接收电路。传输之资料讯号由多重天线48-52接收。一资料RAKE 392-396被耦合至每一天线48-52以过滤资料讯号。被过滤的资料讯号被加权装置398-402加权至为对应之天线之接收前导所决定之权数，并于组合器404被组合以回复资料讯号。因为第十九图之传输电路传输具有最佳权数之资料讯号，在EU之被回复之资料讯号之讯号品质将比习知技术所提供之讯号的品质高。

Claims (23)

1.一种用于具有复数传输天线(48-52)之展频通信系统之方法，该方法之特征在于：
从每一传输天线(48-52)传输具有唯一与该天线(48-52)相关之一假随机晶片码序列之一前导讯号；
于该接收器接收全部该等被传输之前导讯号；
使用该前导讯号之假随机晶片码序列过滤每一该被传输之前导讯号；
使该被过滤之前导讯号被加权一特定的权数；
组合该等被加权之前导讯号为一组合讯号；
部份地基于该组合讯号之信号品质而适合地调整每一该前导讯号之特定权数；
传输一资料讯号，使得资料讯号之不同的展频版本从每一天线(48-52)被传输，每一版本就相关传输天线具有不同之晶片码识别子；以及
经由过滤具有其相对之晶片码之每一版本而接收讯号并组合该等被过滤之版本，其中不同的资料讯号之版本依据与个别天线(48-52)之前导讯号相关之被调整权数而被加权。
2.如申请专利范围第1项之方法，其中该不同资料讯号版本系依据在传输之前被调整之权数而被加权。
3.如申请专利范围第1项之方法，其中该不同资料讯号版本系依据接收之后被调整之权数而被加权。
4.如申请专利范围第1项之方法，其中该合适地调整系藉由使用一最小平均平方演算法。
5.如申请专利范围第1项之方法，其中该合适地调整系藉由使用一循环最小平方演算法。
6.如申请专利范围第1项之方法，其中该合适地调整系藉由比较该组合讯号与一理想值以产生一误差讯号并部份地依据该误差讯号调整每一该前导讯号之特定权数。
7如申请专利范围第6项之方法，其中该理想值系1+j0。
8如申请专利范围第1项之方法，其中该过滤与加权步骤系同时发生。
9.如申请专利范围第1项之方法，其中每一该被传输前导讯号及该资料讯号之每一版本之过滤系由一RAKE(82-86，100-104)所执行。
10如申请专利范围第1项之方法，其中每一该被传输前导讯号及该资料讯号之每一版本之过滤系由一向量相关器所执行。
11.如申请专利范围第9项之方法，其中每一该前导讯号之加权系由加权该前导之RAKE(82-86)之每一特定指(finger)(144-148，150-154，156-160)一特定量，而资料讯号之RAKE之每一该版本之每一指(finger)(190-194，196-200，202-286，274-290)之加权系依据与个别天线(48-52)之前导讯号用之该前导讯号RAKE(82-86)相关之个别指(finger)(144-148，150-154，156-160)之被调整权数。
12.如申请专利范围第9项之方法，其中每一该前导讯号之加权系由加权该前导之RAKE(82-86)之每一特定指(finger)(144-148，150-154，156-160)并加权该前导之RAKE(82-86)之一输出，而该资料讯号之每一该版本之加权系藉由依据与个别的指(finger)(144-148，150-154，156-160)以及个别天线(48-52)之前导讯号用之前导讯号之RAKE(82-86)之输出加权每一指(finger)(190-194，196-200，202-286，274-290)以及资料讯号RAKE(100-104)之每一该版本。
13.一种展频通信系统，其特征在于：
一传输器，包括：
复数传输天线(48-52)；
装置(56-60)，用以从每一传输天线(48-52)传输具有唯一与该天线(48-52)相关之一假随机晶片码序列之一前导讯号；以及
装置(378-382，360-376)，用以传输一资料讯号，使得该资料讯号之不同的展频版本从每一传输天线被传输，每一版本具有个别传输天线用之晶片码识别子；以及
一接收器，包括：
一接收天线(80)；
装置(82-86，88-92)，耦合至该接收天线用以使用该前导讯号之假随机晶片码序列过滤每一该被传输之讯号并使该被过滤之前导讯号被加权一特定的权数；
装置(94)，用以组合该等被加权之前导讯号为一组合讯号；
装置(98)，用以部份地基于该组合讯号之信号品质而适合地调整每一该前导讯号之特定权数；以及
装置(100-104，106-110，112)，用以经由过滤具有其相对之晶片码之每一版本而接收讯号并组合该等被过滤之版本，其中不同的资料讯号之版本依据与个别天线(48-52)之前导讯号相关之被调整权数而被加权。
14.如申请专利范围第13项之系统，其中该传输器更包括依据该被调整的权数加权不同的资料讯号版本之装置。
15.如申请专利范围第13项之系统，其中该接收器更包括依据该被调整的权数加权不同的资料讯号版本之装置(82-86)。
16.如申请专利范围第13项之系统，其中该适应性调整装置(98)系使用一最小平均平方演算法以适合地调整该前导讯号之特定权数。
17.如申请专利范围第13项之系统，其中该适应性调整装置(98)系使用一循环最小平方演算法以适合地调整该前导讯号之特定权数。
18.如申请专利范围第13项之系统，其中该适应性调整装置(98)包括装置(168)，系用以比较该组合讯号与一理想值以产生一误差讯号并部份地依据该误差讯号调整每一该前导讯号之特定权数。
19.如申请专利范围第13项之系统，其中该理想值系1+j0。
20.如申请专利范围第13项之系统，其中该前导讯号过滤及加权装置(82-86，88-92)包括复数RAKE(82-86)用以个别地过滤每一该被传输之前导讯号，而该资料讯号接收装置(100-104，106-110，112)包括复数RAKE(100-104)用以个别地过滤该资料讯号之每一版本。
21.如申请专利范围第13项之系统，其中该前导讯号过滤及加权装置(82-86，88-92)包括复数相量相关器用以个别地过滤每一该被传输之前导讯号，而该资料讯号接收装置(100-104，106-110，112)包括复数相量相关器用以个别地过滤该资料讯号之每一版本。
22.如申请专利范围第20项之系统，其中该前导讯号过滤及加权装置(82-86，88-92)藉由加权该前导之RAKE(82-86)之每一特定指(finger)(144-148，150-154，156-160)一特定量而加权每一该前导讯号，而资料讯号之RAKE(100-104)之每一该版本之每一指(finger)(190-194，196-200，202-286，274-290)之加权系依据与个别天线(48-52)之前导讯号用之该前导讯号RAKE(82-86)相关之个别指(finger)(144-148，150-154，156-160)之被调整权数。
23.如申请专利范围第20项之系统，其中该前导讯号过滤及加权装置(82-86)藉由加权该前导之RAKE(82-86)之每一特定指(finger)(144-148，150-154，156-160)并加权该前导之RAKE(82-86)之一输出而加权每一前导讯号，该资料讯号之每一该版本之加权系藉由依据与个别的指(finger)(144-148，150-154，156-160)以及个别天线(48-52)之前导讯号用之前导讯号之RAKE(82-86)之输出加权每一指(finger)(190-194，196-200，202-286，274-290)以及资料讯号RAKE(100-104)之每一该版本。
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