CN1342046A - 复合鞋帮及其制造方法 - Google Patents

复合鞋帮及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1342046A
CN1342046A CN00804385A CN00804385A CN1342046A CN 1342046 A CN1342046 A CN 1342046A CN 00804385 A CN00804385 A CN 00804385A CN 00804385 A CN00804385 A CN 00804385A CN 1342046 A CN1342046 A CN 1342046A
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shoe
layer
composite sheet
ground floor
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爱德华·J·诺顿
泽农·O·斯莫特里克斯
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EDWARD J NORTON
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D35/00—Producing footwear
    • B29D35/12—Producing parts thereof, e.g. soles, heels, uppers, by a moulding technique
    • B29D35/14—Multilayered parts
    • B29D35/146—Uppers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
    • A43B23/0215—Plastics or artificial leather
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
    • A43B23/0235—Different layers of different material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0245—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B23/026—Laminated layers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0245—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B23/0295—Pieced uppers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/04—Uppers made of one piece; Uppers with inserted gussets
    • A43B23/042—Uppers made of one piece
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/002—Mountain boots or shoes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/04—Ski or like boots
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/04—Ski or like boots
    • A43B5/0486—Ski or like boots characterized by the material
    • A43B5/049—Ski or like boots characterized by the material with an upper made of composite material, e.g. fibers or core embedded in a matrix
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
    • Y10T428/249958—Void-containing component is synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/249988—Of about the same composition as, and adjacent to, the void-containing component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/15—Including a foam layer

Abstract

一种加工具有三维几何形状的多层复合鞋帮(70)的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:用两层或多层材料(10)形成基本平的复合片料;加热该复合片料(12);以及将所述复合片料模压成具有三维几何形状的鞋帮(14)。复合片料(70)由第一层热塑性泡沫(20)、第二层热塑性尿烷(TPU)(22)层压形成,TPU优选采用TPU膜的形式。由网状织物构成的第三层(24)可置于第一层(20)和第二层(22)之间。复合片料(70)在模腔(62)内加热后被模压以形成所需的三维几何形状。复合片料(70)可被模压成不同的部分(172,174,176),这些部分在模压成形后组合形成鞋帮(170)。作为选择,复合片料(70)可被模压成整体的、无缝鞋帮(270),如果需要的话,其只需要最少的组配工作即可完成。

Description

复合鞋帮及其制造方法
背景技术
许多户外运动都要求设计在极端条件下使用的专用鞋。专用鞋如旅游鞋、滑冰鞋、滑雪靴、登山鞋等可为穿用者提供保护，使其免受极端温度、湿度的影响，免受艰难地形对脚的损伤。为了提供这类保护，专用鞋通常都由具有隔离、耐潮、耐磨的一种材料或几种材料组合构成。
专用鞋的生产要耗费大量的劳力和成本，并需要复杂、昂贵的模制、缝制设备。比如用皮革生产专用鞋就要求手工切割、缝制皮革。同样，用塑料原料生产专用鞋也必须使用昂贵且复杂的高压注射设备及模具。
此外，专用鞋的生产通常还必须让多层材料一层一层按顺序做在一起从而提供所需的隔离、耐湿及耐磨的特性。这就使得鞋子个大、笨重，穿起来不舒服，并且加工起来既困难又耗时间。
发明概述
本发明提供一种加工鞋子和鞋帮的方法，其可使鞋子的加工过程简化，减少加工成本，并使生产出的鞋子舒适且具有在极端条件下使用所需的各种特性。此外，本发明的方法还能够灵活地改变所生产鞋子的特性，使鞋子特别适于其所设计使用的环境，而不需要多套模具或加工设备。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种加工具有三维几何形状的鞋帮的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：用两层或多层材料形成复合片料；加热该复合片料；将复合片料模压成具有三维几何形状的鞋帮。复合片料可由两层或多层材料层压形成，各层之间可通过粘接剂、热连接粘接到一起，或者通过其它方式层压到一起。
形成复合片料的一层或多层材料优选包括热成形材料。在一优选实施例中，复合片料包括第一层热塑性泡沫以及第二层热塑性尿烷(TPU)，该热塑性尿烷优选采用TPU膜的形式。热塑性泡沫可以是比如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)泡沫。由织物构成的第三层可夹在第一层和第二层之间。合适的织物包括由尼龙、聚酯、聚棉、棉、醋酸酯、聚丙烯腈系纤维等构成的网状织物。
根据本发明的另一方面，复合片料可包括第一层布料、第二层热塑性泡沫、以及第三层布料。布料包括毡、羊毛、毛、毛发、聚酯、尼龙、棉、醋酸酯或者聚丙烯腈系纤维。在一实施例中，通过针穿刺第一、第二和第三层使各层织物穿在一起形成通过第二层的第一层和第三层的布料，而将三层连接起来，构成复合片料。
根据本发明的另一方面，模压步骤包括：将复合片料放在具有模腔的第一模具件中；以及用第二模具件压制模腔中的复合片料。复合片料可在放入第一模具件之前或之后被加热，比如在复合片料被放入第一模具件的模腔时加热。复合片料可被模压成分离的各个部分，这些部分在模压后组装起来从而形成鞋帮。作为选择，复合片料可被模压成无缝的、整体鞋帮，如果需要的话，这种鞋帮仅需最少的组配工作即可完成制做。
本发明的一种加工鞋子的方法包括以下构造鞋帮的步骤：用两层或多层材料形成基本上为平面的复合片料；加热该复合片料；将复合片料模压成具有三维几何形状的鞋帮。然后将鞋帮连接到鞋底上。通过将鞋底衬垫缝(sock)制到鞋帮中、将鞋帮放在鞋楦上、将鞋帮连接到鞋底上、以及在鞋底连接到鞋帮上后将鞋楦取出，鞋帮就连接到鞋底上了。
根据本发明的另一方面，内衬可组装到鞋帮内。内衬可以是织物靴里或者是复合靴里，其可缝制到鞋帮上，也可是分离的，可从鞋帮上取下。作为选择，形成内衬的一层可在复合片料模压成形步骤之前连接到复合片料上。
根据本发明的一个方面，多层复合鞋帮可包括：第一层热塑性泡沫、第二层热塑性尿烷(TPU)，该层热塑性尿烷优选采用TPU膜的形式连接到第一层上。复合鞋帮优选为整体的无缝构造。由织物构成的第三层夹在第一层和第二层之间。热塑性泡沫可以是，比如乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)泡沫。织物优选为比如由尼龙、聚酯、聚棉、棉、醋酸酯、或者聚丙烯腈系纤维构成的网状织物。
附图说明
本发明的这些和其它特征及优点通过下面结合附图所进行的详细说明将会更加清楚，其中不同示图中相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。附图所示为本发明的原理，尽管并非按比例绘制，但也能看出相对的尺寸关系。
图1的流程图展示了本发明加工鞋帮的一种方法；
图2为本发明用来构造鞋帮的多层复合片料；
图3示意性地展示了本发明加工鞋帮的方法；
图4为根据本发明构造的鞋帮的透视图；
图5A和5B的流程图展示了本发明加工鞋帮的方法；
图6所示为本发明用来构造鞋帮的另一例多层复合片料的透视图；
图7A为本发明用来形成鞋帮的模具的透视图；
图7B为本发明用来形成鞋舌的模具的透视图；
图7C为根据本发明的鞋子加工方法构造出的鞋帮部件的分解图；
图8A为本发明用来形成鞋帮下部的模具的透视图；
图8B为本发明用来形成鞋帮筒部的模具的透视图；
图8C为根据本发明的鞋子加工方法构造出的鞋子部件的分解图；
图9为根据本发明的鞋子加工方法构造出的靴子的分解图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种加工鞋帮和一般鞋子的方法，其中多层次复合片料被加热活化到能够延展后放入模具中。该模具用来将复合片料压制成所需的三维形状以形成复合鞋帮。所形成的鞋帮可与其它部件一起连在鞋底上从而加工出鞋子。本发明的加工方法简化了鞋子的结构，降低了加工成本，并使鞋帮的加工更具有灵活性，从而使鞋子具有多种不同的特性。
图1的流程图从总体上展示了本发明加工鞋帮的一种方法。其中步骤10，用两层或多层材料形成基本上为平面的复合片料；步骤12，将基本上为平面的片料加热活化到能够延展；步骤14，基本上为平面的复合片料一旦加热就被模压成所需三维形状的鞋帮。
图2示例性的展示了一个基本上为平面的复合片料16。在形成复合片料16的各层中有一层优选包含一种热成形材料，其在被加热到一特定温度后能够延展(可变形)。这种热成形材料比如说可以是热塑性材料，当然也可采用其它热成形材料。但热塑性材料最好，因为当热塑性材料被加热到一个高于特定的活化温度时，就变得能够延展，而一旦冷到活化温度以下时，会固定并保持所需的形态和外形。这里热塑性材料实例包括，但不限于，热塑性尿烷、聚亚胺酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)。
继续参见图2，该示例性的复合片料16包括一个由热塑性泡沫如EVA泡沫构成的第一层20，以及由热塑性尿烷(TPU)构成的第二层22。其它可用的热塑性泡沫包括，但不限于，聚乙烯泡沫和聚丙烯泡沫。在优选实施例中，由织物构成的第三层24夹在第一层20和第二层22之间。该织物优选为由尼龙、聚酯、聚棉、棉、醋酸酯、或聚丙烯腈系纤维这样的织物构成的网状材料。虽然也可采用机织织物，但由于非机织织物或针织物具有更强的拉伸性能，因此优选采用非机织织物或针织物。选择由TPU构成的第二层22及其下面由网状织物构成的第三层24可以为鞋帮以及由此鞋帮做成的鞋子提供抗湿和耐磨的外层，选择由热塑性泡沫构成的第一层20可以为鞋帮以及由此鞋帮做成的鞋子提供隔离的内层。隔离的程度取决于所选热塑性泡沫的厚度及其密实度。因此，将形成复合片料16的多层材料组合后可构成具有多种特性的复合片料、以及由其构成的鞋帮和最终形成的鞋子。
本领域普通技术人员都知道复合片料16并不限于图2所示以及前面所述的三层。任何层数都可采用，这取决于被加工鞋子所需具有的特性。比如，复合片料16在厚度、硬度、密实度、或者色彩等方面的变化可通过改变、增加、减去或移动复合片料16的各个层来实现。同样，防水性、热防护性、抗蚀性以及耐磨性也可由此改变。
比如，在另一实施例中，复合片料可在TPU构成的第二层22上另加一层热固性材料，如热固性尿烷。该附加的一层热固性材料可为复合片料以及塑模成形的复合鞋帮提供更强的抗蚀性以及更好的弹性。
图6所示为另一例复合片料16’，其具有由布料构成的第一层25、热塑性泡沫构成的第二层26以及布料构成的第三层27。构成第一和第三层25、27的布料优选为毛毡。这里所用的术语“毛毡”包括，但不限于，由合成纤维或天然纤维经机织或非机织而构成的布料。其它适用于第一和第三层的布料包括，但不限于，羊毛、毛、毛发、聚酯、尼龙、棉、醋酸酯以及聚丙烯腈系纤维。第一层25的布料可与第三层27的布料相同或不同。第一、第二以及第三层可用粘接剂连接起来或者通过其它方式连接起来。此外，第一、第二以及第三层25、26、27优选由第一或第三层的纤维强力穿过第二层热塑性泡沫而连接起来。比如，由布料构成的第一层25可经针穿刺将纤维28拉过第二层26的热塑性泡沫。针穿刺后的纤维28与第三层27的布料的纤维交织或交联在一起从而将三层连在一起。
参见图3、4和5A，其所描述的是一种无缝的、整体复合鞋帮的加工方法。首先是步骤30，根据复合鞋帮所需的特性选择构成复合片料16的材料，这里出于描述的目的，采用上述的三层复合片料，然而本领域的普通技术人员都清楚可采用任意层数以及多种材料来形成基本上为平面的复合片料。然后是步骤32，所选材料例如可通过粘合剂粘接或通过热粘接层压在一起，从而形成这种基本上为平面的复合片料16。
作为选择可进行步骤34，复合片料16可预先大体切成复合鞋帮的形状从而能方便地放入用来形成复合鞋帮的模具60的模腔62中。该预切步骤通常被称为“冲切”。如图3所示，模具60包括包含模腔62的第一模具件64以及带有“阳”突件68的第二模具件66。突件68在形状上与模腔62相似。如图4所示，模腔62以及与之对应的突件68在尺寸及形状上相配从而可形成一个一体的即整件的鞋帮70。关于这点，模腔62所确定的三维形状在长、宽、深或高上对应于即等于鞋帮70的长、宽、深或高。
步骤36，作为选择，在将各层层压在一起形成复合片料16的步骤之前，将各层材料在大体上分别预切成模腔62的形状。
步骤38，作为选择，在模压成形之前，冲压的复合片料16可先大体成形，这样复合片料16能够更好地与模腔62的几何形状一致。大体成形可包括使复合片料16具备初步的三维几何形状。这可通过比如去掉一部分冲切的复合片料然后将切边连接起来而实现，这样复合片料就不再是基本平的了。大体成形还可在复合片料16的预定位置上形成刻痕线从而有助于在模制成形后将材料从鞋帮切分除去。
尽管在模制成形前优选将复合片料冲切并大体成形，但应明白，如图5A的流程图所示的那样，这里的冲切步骤和大体成形的步骤是可选的。换句话说，复合片料一旦成形，其可立即进行加热并压制成形，而不必进行这些步骤或其中的一个步骤。
步骤40，在将复合片料模压成形之前或之中，复合片料优选被加热从而使复合片料能够延展或可变形。复合片料的加热可在模具60中比如通过加热模腔62和/或突件68来进行。作为选择，复合片料可在放入模腔62之前被其它加热装置加热。在复合片料采用热塑性材料的情况下，复合片料被加热到热塑性材料的热活化温度或之上。
步骤42，参见图5B，加热了的复合片料在模具60被模压成形。模压成形可通过将突件68按压或推压到与模腔62内的复合片料接触来实现。也可采用其它的模压技术，如将一真空源连在模腔62上从而将一真空力加到复合片料的下面。同样，也可单独采有流体正压或者将流体正压与突件68所提供的按压一起作用来挤压复合片料。
模压之后，模压成形的复合鞋帮被冷却从而使形成鞋帮的材料以模压的形状固定下来。步骤44，冷却后，复合鞋帮从模腔62中移出。复合片料的模压可形成整件的鞋帮70，其不再需要其它像缝制这样的组接，因此鞋帮如图4所示为完全无缝的。多余的材料可从模压后的鞋帮切掉，并且将鞋领(collar)和鞋口区域72冲掉、切掉或者从鞋帮去掉。如果需要可将鞋带的扣眼或扣环、鞋领、鞋舌加到复合鞋帮70上。
继续参见图5B，可将做好的复合鞋帮与鞋子的其它部件组接起来从而形成鞋具如鞋子或靴子等。将鞋帮和鞋子的其它部件组装成鞋的一般步骤已在图5B的流程图中阐明。本领域普通技术人员都知道可根据所加工的鞋对加工步骤进行必要增减。
步骤46，该整体鞋帮可根据公知的楦鞋方法来楦制。正如下面将要详细论述的那样，本发明形成复合鞋帮的方法并不限于整件无缝鞋帮的形成。通过改变模腔的几何形状，可加工出多部分复合鞋帮。在这种多部分复合鞋帮的情况下，鞋帮的各个部分要在楦鞋前组合起来，即步骤48。
一示例性的楦鞋步骤包括将一内底，其通常被称作鞋底内衬，缝制到复合鞋帮的底部周边。该鞋底内衬可由织物或者其它任何软的、柔韧的、可缝制的材料制成。然后将鞋帮和鞋底内衬放在一个鞋楦上或者脚型模子上。在加上鞋底部件之前，楦制后的鞋帮上那些将与鞋底接触的部分可经粗磨、打底和/或在连接点上涂胶而准备好。步骤50，然后将鞋底部件做到楦制的鞋帮上。该鞋底部件可通过任何公知的方法做到鞋帮上，该方法包括：比如将鞋底粘接在楦制的鞋帮上，或者将构成鞋底部件的材料喷注到鞋帮上。优选是将准备组合到鞋帮上的鞋底采用与鞋帮同样的方法通过粗加工、打底和/或在鞋底部件的连接点上涂胶而准备好。任何类型的鞋底部件都可做到符合鞋帮上，这取决于被加工鞋具的类型。一旦鞋底部件连接到复合鞋帮上，就可将鞋楦从鞋帮上去掉。
步骤52，根据所加工鞋子的类型，选择性地将通常被称为内靴的内衬组合到复合鞋帮中。内衬可在加上鞋底部件之前，或优选为在加上鞋底之后，被插到楦好的鞋帮中。内衬可由织物或者复合材料构成，其可缝到鞋帮中或通过其它方式连接到鞋帮上。然而内衬并非必须连接到复合鞋帮上，相反内衬可做成单独的能从鞋帮去掉的那种。作为选择，内衬可在复合片料模压成复合鞋帮之前与形成复合片料的各层做在一起。这样，内衬就成为复合片料以及最终复合鞋帮的整个一层。
本发明的鞋帮加工方法相对于传统的鞋帮加工方法具有许多优点。本发明的加工方法能够加工出无缝的、整体造型的复合鞋帮，这样由于组合步骤减到最小同时切割和缝制的时间也显著减少，从而使加工成本得以的降低。由于本发明的模压方法可以通过对模腔内形成的轮廓以及模制的鞋帮进行符合解剖学的校正，因此可形成更舒适、更合脚的鞋子。表面的变化也可模制到复合鞋帮的任一侧即内侧或外侧从而增加外观的美感以及复合鞋帮的功能。比如，可将沟、槽模制到复合鞋帮的内面从而在复合靴和脚之间形成一个空间或多个空间，从而增强复合鞋帮的透气性。还可在复合鞋帮的外表面模制出突起从而形成初始的接触点，这些接触点可用来防止复合鞋帮外表面的凹部磨蚀。此外，还可将沟槽模制到复合鞋帮的外表面从而使沟槽所处的位置具有更好的弯曲性或柔韧性。
此外，本发明的模压成形方法还能通过改变复合片料所用的材料从而经一次模压就能生产出多种不同的复合鞋帮。模制的复合鞋帮及最终的鞋子还可具有许多的特性如重量、透气性、防水性、隔离性、柔韧性、耐磨性、刚性等中的一个或多个，这取决于构成复合片料的材料。
如上所述，复合鞋帮可被模压成多个部分，模压后这些部分再经组合从而形成复合鞋帮。图7A-C以及8A-C示例性地展示了本发明形成多部分鞋帮的方法。参见图7A-7C，由多个部分组成的鞋帮170被模压成两个分开的部分172、174，每一个部分都表示鞋帮170组合后沿纵向分开后的一半。模具160具有两个模腔，第一模腔162A在尺寸大小和形状上对应于鞋帮沿纵向分开的一半，第二模腔162B在尺寸大小和形状上对应于鞋帮沿纵向分开的另一半。模具160用来模压复合片料。第二模具163可采用类似于生成复合鞋帮的方式来形成复合鞋帮170的复合鞋舌176。
图7C展示了根据本发明加工方法所形成的复合鞋帮170的各个部件。模压后，复合鞋帮的部分172和174经缝制、粘接、或者其它传统的方法组合起来。以橡胶条形式存在的接缝盖片176可放在部分172和174之间的接缝或接线处。复合鞋舌176可带有皮制的或人造的、具有鞋带扣眼180的载扣体179。该复合鞋舌被组合到鞋帮170上。楦鞋用的鞋底内衬182缝到复合鞋帮170的底部周边，再将橡胶外底184做到鞋底内衬182上。
参见图8A-8C，由多个部分组成的鞋帮270被模压成两个分离的部分一下部272和筒部274，复合片料在模具260中模压成形，该模具具有蝶形的模腔262，该腔在尺寸大小和形状上都对应于鞋帮的下部，分开的第二模具263可采用类似于复合鞋帮生成的方式来形成复合鞋帮270的筒部274。
图8C展示了根据本发明加工方法所形成的复合鞋帮270的各个部件。模压后，将蝶形下部272折起并沿着边275A和275B通过缝制、粘接或其它方法组合起来。同样，筒部274也折起并沿着边277A和277B组合起来。然后将筒部274连接到下部272上。一个完整的角形鞋舌276被模压到鞋帮270的下部272中。一优选由皮革制成的舌形内嵌物286放在鞋舌276的角形中。舌形内嵌物286包括鞋带的扣眼280或类似物。楦鞋用的鞋底内衬282被缝制到复合鞋帮270下部272的底部周边。将橡胶外底284做到鞋底内衬282上。
图9以登山鞋的形式展示了一例鞋具。登山鞋300包括一个无缝的、整体构成的复合鞋帮370。将鞋帮的复合鞋领302和领边304组装到复合鞋帮370的上部周边，鞋舌376组装到鞋帮370上。一对模制的撑板306为鞋帮370提供侧面的支撑。在鞋帮370的后部设有后帮磨皮308。楦鞋用的鞋底内衬382被缝制到复合鞋帮370的下部周边，然后将一个多层的鞋底部件384做到鞋帮370上。鞋底部件384包括一个由两部分构成的橡胶包层388、一个由两部分构成的TPU骨架或扁平件390、以及一个橡胶外底392。橡胶外底392包括跟部392A和前部392B，每一部分都由不同密实度的橡胶构成。
由于本领域普通技术人员在不脱离本发明范围的条件下，可对上述结构做出一定的改变，因此上述说明以及附图所包含、显示的内容都是示例性的，没有限定的含义。
这里还应清楚的是下面的权利要求书是用来覆盖在此所述发明的所有一般的以及特定的特征，本发明范围的所有陈述，作为一种语言形式，都可认为是落在其中。
本发明的描述到此为止，请求保护的范围由权利要求书确定。

Claims (47)

1.一种加工具有三维几何形状的鞋帮的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
用两层或多层材料形成复合片料；
加热所述复合片料；以及
将所述复合片料模压成具有三维几何形状的鞋帮。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述形成复合片料的步骤包括将所述两层或多层材料层压以形成所述复合片料的步骤。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述两层或多层材料通过粘接剂粘接起来。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述两层或多层材料被加热连接起来。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述复合片料的所述各层中的一层包含热成形材料。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述复合片料包括：
第一层热塑性泡沫；以及
第二层热塑性尿烷(TPU)。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中热塑性泡沫为乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)泡沫。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中第二层为TPU膜。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中TPU膜包括：一热固性尿烷的顶层和一热塑性尿烷的底层，并且所述底层紧贴着第一层热塑性泡沫。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中复合片料进一步包括一由织物构成的第三层，其布置在所述第一层和第二层之间。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中织物是由尼龙、聚酯、聚棉、棉、醋酸酯、或聚丙烯腈系纤维构成的网状织物。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中复合片料包括：
第一层布料；
第二层热塑性泡沫；以及
第三层布料，所述第二层布置在所述第一层和所述第三层之间。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中布料由毡、羊毛、毛、毛发、聚酯、尼龙、棉、醋酸酯或者聚丙烯腈系纤维构成。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述形成复合片料的步骤包括用针穿刺第一、第二和第三层使各织物穿在一起从而形成所述第一和第三层的纤维穿过所述第二层的所述布料这一步骤。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中模压成形步骤包括以下步骤：
将所述复合片料放在一个具有模腔的第一模件中；
用第二模件压制所述模腔中的所述复合片料。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述加热所述复合片料的步骤放在所述复合片料被置于所述第一模件中这一步骤之前。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述加热所述复合片料的步骤放在所述复合片料被置于所述第一模件中这一步骤之后。
18.如权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括将所述复合片料切制成预模制形状的步骤，其尺寸和形状上类似于所述模腔的尺寸和形状。
19.如权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括将所述复合片料预制成非平面结构的步骤。
20.如权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括在形成所述复合片料之前将所述复合片料的所述每一层切制成预模制形状的步骤，其尺寸和形状上类似于所述模腔的尺寸和形状。
21.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中复合片料被模压成所述鞋帮的分离部分，并进一步包括将所述分离部分组合成所述鞋帮的步骤。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，其中所述的分离部分包括所述鞋帮沿纵向分开的两半。
23.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中将复合片料模压成整体的、无缝鞋帮。
24.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中复合片料基本上为为平面。
25.一种加工鞋子的方法，包括以下步骤：
通过以下步骤构造出具有三维几何形状的鞋帮：
用两层或多层材料形成复合片料，
加热所述复合片料，
将所述复合片料模压成具有三维几何形状的鞋帮；
准备好鞋底；以及
将所述鞋帮连接到所述鞋底上。
26.如权利要求25所述的方法，进一步包括以下步骤：
将一鞋底衬垫缝制到所述鞋帮上；
将所述鞋帮放在鞋楦上；
将所述鞋帮连接到所述鞋底上；以及
在所述鞋底连接到所述鞋帮上后将所述鞋楦从鞋帮上取出。
27.如权利要求25所述的方法，其中所述鞋帮被粘接在所述鞋底上。
28.如权利要求25的方法，进一步包括将内衬组装到所述鞋帮内的步骤。
29.如权利要求28的方法，其中所述内衬为织物或者是复合靴里。
30.如权利要求28的方法，其中所述组装所述内衬的步骤包括：在模压所述复合片料的步骤之前，将一形成所述内衬的层连接到所述复合片料上的步骤。
31.一种多层复合鞋帮，包括：
第一层热塑性泡沫；
连在所述第一层上的第二层热塑性尿烷(TPU)；以及
由织物构成的、夹在所述第一层和第二层之间的第三层。
32.如权利要求31所述的鞋帮，其中所述热塑性泡沫为乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)泡沫。
33.如权利要求31所述的鞋帮，其中所述第一层和第二层由粘接剂粘接起来。
34.如权利要求31所述的鞋帮，其中所述第一层和第二层被加热粘接。
35.如权利要求31所述的鞋帮，其中所述第二层为TPU膜。
36.如权利要求35所述的鞋帮，其中TPU膜包括：
由热固性尿烷构成的顶层以及由热塑性尿烷构成的底层，所述底层紧靠着第一层热塑性泡沫。
37.如权利要求31所述的鞋帮，其中织物是用尼龙、聚酯、聚棉、棉、醋酸酯或聚丙烯腈系纤维构成的网状织物。
38.如权利要求31所述的鞋帮，其中所述鞋帮包括两个沿纵向接缝接合在一起的分离部分，所述每一个分离的部分基本沿着所述鞋帮的全长延伸。
39.如权利要求31所述的鞋帮，其中所述鞋帮为整体的无缝结构。
40.一种多层复合鞋帮，包括：
第一层布料；
第二层热塑性泡沫；以及
第三层布料，所述第二层布置在所述第一层和所述第三层之间。
41.如权利要求40所述的鞋帮，其中布料由毡、羊毛、毛、毛发、聚酯、尼龙、棉、醋酸酯或者聚丙烯腈系纤维构成。
42.如权利要求40所述的鞋帮，其中形成所述第一层和第三层的所述布料的纤维穿过所述第二层从而将所述第一、第二和第三层连接起来。
43.一种鞋，包括：
多层复合鞋帮，该鞋帮包括：
第一层热塑性泡沫；
连在所述第一层上的第二层热塑性尿烷(TPU)；以及
由织物构成的、夹在所述第一层和第二层之间的第三层；和
连接在所述鞋帮上的鞋底。
44.如权利要求43所述的鞋子，进一步包括：
所述鞋帮内的内衬。
45.如权利要求44的鞋子，其中所述内衬为织物做成的靴里或复合靴里。
46.如权利要求44的鞋子，其中所述内衬与所述鞋帮整体连接成形。
47.一种多层复合鞋帮，其包括：
第一层热塑性泡沫；以及
连接所述第一层上的第二层热塑性尿烷(TPU)，
其中所述鞋帮为整体、无缝结构。
CN00804385A 1999-03-02 2000-02-29 复合鞋帮及其制造方法 Pending CN1342046A (zh)

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US6670029B2 (en) 2003-12-30
EP1164884A1 (en) 2002-01-02
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US20020012784A1 (en) 2002-01-31
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