CN1310874A - 经由对等通信网络的故障数据同步 - Google Patents
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
Abstract
用来同步响应于诸如故障这样的非预定的电力系统事件而收集的电力系统数据的系统和方法。多个保护继电器在对等的通信网上通信,并且当第一个设备检测到发生了电力系统事件时,该设备就记录下该电力系统事件之前、之后或围绕它的多个周期的电力系统数据。第一设备经由网络向各远程设备通知该事件和与该事件相关联的时间标记,而远程设备则记录同步的电力系统数据。
Description
本发明总体上涉及向电力分配系统(以下简称配电系统)提供保护控制的继电器。更具体地,本发明涉及使多个保护继电器的故障数据收集得以同步的一种技术。
电力系统的故障会很快地开始和结束。保护继电器被设计成能感受到故障并通过操作断路器以切断故障而提供保护控制。现代的保护继电器引入了数字信号处理,以便通过在保护继电器切断电力系统之前及之后记录下的采样波形来分析故障数据。为了完整地分析故障的原因和范围,必须分析电力系统中多个位置处的故障数据。
常规的监测保护继电器故障数据的系统主要是主从通信系统,在这种系统中中心控制站(主)启动到保护继电器(从)的通信。在主从系统中,主站启动所有的通信。在通常的方法中,主控站周期性地和顺序地监测各个从站设备以了解其状态的变化。这种监测过程在继电器对故障作出反应和控制站得知该故障的时间之间会引入显著的延迟。控制站会通知其它继电器去记录波形,但是在主从系统中为了在故障穿越系统时捕获信息,其随后的延迟是不能接受的。
授予Wallis的美国专利5,224,054和5,223,538揭示了在主从系统中对同步的采样数据进行收集的问题。这些专利揭示了一种技术,它利用一个控制站向多个“线路监测器”送出了一个命令信号以便在当前或未来的时间同步地对系统采样。虽然这一方法适合于按要求或按预定时间来表征一个电力系统,但是这个方法不能完善地解决故障数据的同步问题,因为故障并不是按时间表发生的。
当前先进的自动跳闸单元和保护继电器在故障时间捕获波形。在一个典型的设计中,保护继电器将连续地测量和丢弃多达72个周期的电力系统数据。当发生了(未预期的)故障时,保护继电器继续采集预定数量的周期的波形(以及其它计算出来的参数和状态标志)。在这一时期之后,全部数量的存储的样本(包括在故障之前和之后的各个周期的电力系统信息)都被放入存储器中以便将来传送给本地的或远程的计算机。虽然这个过程有效地提供了故障数据信息,但它只能在系统中的某一点做到这样。
鉴于上面的讨论,希望能提供一种方法,用于在电力系统发生事件时,能在电力系统的多个点上同步地记录采样的电力系统数据。同时还希望这样的数据能够被后处理以便同步来自多个来源的信息。
按照下面所说明的示范性实施例,本发明可以这样来实现,即:与电力系统中第一点相关联的第一保护继电器感知一个电力系统事件,例如一次故障;记录下该电力系统事件的时间标记和第一组电力系统数据;并从第一保护继电器通过对等通信网络向远程的保护继电器传送数据消息。第一保护继电器和远程保护继电器最好是同步的(例如,通过公共的时间标准)。数据消息最好包括该电力系统事件的时间标记。然后每个远程继电器就可以使用该时间标记去保存它自己的一组电力系统数据,而这组电力系统数据是和第一组电力系统数据同步的。
本发明的技术有利地提供了有关一次故障、电力浪涌、或其它电力系统事件的系统范围的数据。这种信息能够让用户更加准确地分析电力系统事件的原因和影响。
本发明的特点和优点可以通过结合附图来阅读以下的详细说明而理解得更加清楚,在附图中:
图1是按照本发明的一个实施例的、处于电力保护方案的保护控制下的电力系统的方块图;和
图2是说明按照本发明的示范性实施例的一种方法的流程图。
现在参考图1,图中示出了按照本发明的一个实施例的、处于保护方案的保护控制下的一个电力系统。在图1中,多个保护继电器10按工作方式连接以向电力系统12提供保护控制。保护继电器10另外还按工作方式通过适当的通信端口连接到对等的通信网络14。保护继电器10的每一个都包括一个微处理器16、一个相关的存储器18、和一个时钟(未示出)。继电器10的时钟由时间标准20同步,该时间标准可以按工作方式连接到对等通信网14,或者可以通过其它适当的方式按工作方式连接到各个继电器。各个保护继电器10在电力系统的相关点上对电力系统数据进行采样,并暂时保留(例如在和微处理器16相关的缓冲器中)一定数量的周期的电力系统数据。随着继电器10继续采样并保留新的电力系统的数据,暂时存储(采样并保留)的周期的电力系统数据被新的周期的电力系统数据所取代。
在工作中,图1的系统实现了在电力系统中的多处位置对诸如故障这样的非计划性事件的同步采样数据的收集。对等的通信网14(和传统的主/从通信网相反)使用了这样一种协议,它允许在通信网14上的各个设备在网络可供使用(即在通信总线没有已被使用)的情况下启动通信。在传统的主/从系统中,只有主站能够启动通信,而当从站设备感知系统中的某一情况时,从站设备不能传送这一事实直到主站向该从站设备请求信息(查询)。对等通信系统的例子包括在Profibus或以太网协议下的所谓现场消息传递系统。
在传统的保护继电系统中也采用时间同步。按照惯例保护继电器具有一个内部实时时钟,它在继电器内部连续地保持时间。在继电器内部的每一事件能够根据这一内部时钟而加上时间标记。通过把各个设备连接到时间标准(例如IRIG-B时间标准)就可以实现时间同步,其中这个时间标准不仅使所有设备相互同步,而且还和协调世界时同步。时间标准包括一个无线电接收机,它让该标准从多个国际时间标准发射机中的某一发射机接收精确时间的更新。因此,到时间标准20的连接可以向保护继电器提供精确的时间脉中和数字时间命令,通过时间脉冲和数字时间命令保护继电器能够更新它的内部时钟。
现在参考图2,它示出了说明按照本发明的一个实施例的一种方法的流程图。图2的方法开始于步骤100,在那里与电力系统中第一点相关联的第一保护继电器10(图1)感知一次电力系统事件,例如故障。在步骤102,第一保护继电器记录下该电力系统事件的时间标记,而与该继电器相关联的处理器则保存与该检测到的事件有关的第一组电力系统数据(例如72个周期)。第一组电力系统的数据最好包括作为电力系统事件先导的若干数据周期,也包括在该事件之后的若干电力系统数据周期。步骤102可以这样执行,即:由处理器收集并将第一组电力系统数据存入存储器18,或者存入比继电器的数据采样系统更为永久性地存放数据的其它合适的数据存储装置中。举例说,微处理器16可以选择72个周期的缓冲数据,它可能包括这样一种分配,即在故障前的60个周期的电力系统数据和故障以后的12个周期的电力系统数据。在步骤104,第一保护继电器在对等的通信网上启动向其它保护继电器的数据传输,表明发生了一起电力系统事件。数据消息最好包括该事件的时间标记,并且还可以包括由第一保护继电器记录的电力系统数据的周期数目和/或分布。或者,各个继电器可以被编程(通过与它相关联的微处理器)以记录下围绕着电力系统事件的预定的电力系统数据的周期数目及其分布。在步骤106,和对等网相关联的其它设备接收到数据消息,而且每个接收的设备用收到的时间标记来确定哪些周期的电力系统数据是应该保存在它相关的存储器中的。在步骤108,各继电器记录下以步骤106中所确定的时间差为基础的、对应于第一组电力系统数据的一个或多个周期的电力系统数据,同时还记录下该事件的时间标记。各个保护继电器最好是在与该继电器相关联的微处理器的控制下来设置它的采样数据系统,以便保存其周期数量和分布与第一保护继电器(即发起通信消息的设备)完全相同的、由时间标记所指明的、与该电力系统事件相关的数据。
在上列例子的方式下,本发明的技术可以得到对未预料事件的同步的电力系统数据,并且该同步的数据可以在以后的时间方便地被检索以供分析(例如用一个分析程序)该电力系统事件的原因和影响。同步的数据能够示出由不同的保护继电器在刚好先于电力系统事件和紧接于其后的同一时间内所采样的数据。
本发明比起已知的系统,尤其是比那些采用主/从通信系统的系统具有更多优点。由于在主/从通信系统中,主站是轮询从站设备以确定故障的发生,因此主站有可能没有察觉到故障而等到它通知从站设备去保留所需的数据时却为时已晚(例如,因为从站设备的采样和保护系统已经丢弃了相关数据)。
虽然上面的说明包括了许多细节和技术要求,但它们只是为了说明的目的而提供的,它们不应被看作是对本发明的限制。对于本领域的技术人员而言很容易理解:对上述例子的许多修改都是在由下列权利要求和它们的法定等价物所规定的本发明的精神和范围之内的。
Claims (21)
1.一种在电力系统中提供同步的故障数据的方法,包括以下步骤:
在与电力系统中第一点相关联的第一保护继电器中感知一个电力系统事件;
在第一保护继电器中记录电力系统事件的时间标记以及与该事件相关的一个或多个周期的第一组电力系统数据;
在对等通信网上启动到其它保护继电器的数据消息的通信,该数据消息中包括时间标记;
在各个其它保护继电器中根据在数据消息中的时间标记确定与第一组电力系统数据相对应的一组电力系统数据;以及
在各个其它保护继电器中记录已确定的相对应的组。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,还包括在与各个其它保护继电器相关联的存储器中存储包括一个或多个周期的电力系统数据和时间标记的同步数据的步骤。
3.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,还包括从存储器中检索已存入的同步数据以用于故障分析的步骤。
4.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,其中各个确定的相对应的组包括与第一组数量相同的电力周期。
5.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,其中各个保护继电器连接到一个公共的时间标准。
6.权利要求5的方法,其特征在于,其中的时间标准是IRIG-B。
7.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,其中该消息是按照Profibus协议传送的。
8.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,其中该消息是按照以太网协议通信的。
9.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,其中第一组以及各个确定的相对应的组包括预定数量的电力系统数据周期。
10.一种用于向配电系统提供保护控制的系统,包括:
多个数字保护继电器,各个继电器按工作方式连接到配电系统中的一个点以便提供保护控制,各个继电器具有数字处理器和用于存放各周期的电力系统数据的存储器;
连接起来以便在多个保护继电器之间交换数据消息的对等的通信网络;以及
按工作方式连接到多个保护继电器的每一个上以便使多个保护继电器同步的时间标准。其中多个保护继电器的每一个响应于由多个保护继电器中的一个或多个所检测到的故障而同步地记录并存储多个周期的电力系统数据。
11.权利要求10的系统,其特征在于,其中多个保护继电器的每一个响应于故障的检测而存储相同数量的电力系统数据周期。
12.权利要求10的系统,其特征在于,其中多个保护继电器中进行检测的那一个通过对等的通信网发送消息以通知其它保护继电器发生了故障。
13.权利要求12的系统,其特征在于,其中消息包括一个指明与故障相关的时间的时间标记。
14.权利要求10的系统,其特征在于,其中消息是按照Profibus协议而传送的。
15.权利要求10的系统,其特征在于,其中消息是按照以太网的协议而传送的。
16.权利要求13的系统,其特征在于,其中其它保护继电器根据消息中的时间标记来确定哪些周期的电力系统数据要保存。
17.一种保护继电器,包括:
微处理器,它被设计用于接收和监测电力系统数据,以便在对等的通信网上启动通信以通知其它保护继电器发生了电力系统事件,以及从其它保护继电器接收表明发生了电力系统事件的信息,每个信息都包括该电力系统事件的时间标记;
与微处理器相关联的存储器,该存储器响应于电力系统事件的发生而存储第一组多个周期的电力系统数据;以及
内部时钟,它同步于与对等的通信网相关的其它保护继电器的内部时钟。
18.权利要求17的保护继电器,其特征在于,其中该微处理器在收到来自其它保护继电器的表明发生了电力系统事件的信息时,就根据时间标记来确定哪些周期的电力系统数据需要存储。
19.权利要求17的保护继电器,其特征在于,其中通信是按照Profibus协议的。
20.权利要求17的保护继电器,其特征在于,其中通信是按照以太网协议的。
21.权利要求17的保护继电器,其特征在于,其中电力系统数据的周期数量是一个预定的数量。
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US09/275,347 US6405104B1 (en) | 1999-03-24 | 1999-03-24 | Fault data synchronization via peer-to-peer communications network |
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CN109246215A (zh) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-18 | 西门子电力自动化有限公司 | 用于获取电力系统中继电器的故障数据的方法与终端 |
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CN104793601A (zh) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-07-22 | 山东创恒科技发展有限公司 | 一种dcs控制器冗余装置和方法 |
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CN109246215A (zh) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-18 | 西门子电力自动化有限公司 | 用于获取电力系统中继电器的故障数据的方法与终端 |
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AU759447B2 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
JP4868645B2 (ja) | 2012-02-01 |
JP2002540751A (ja) | 2002-11-26 |
BR0005547A (pt) | 2001-01-30 |
AU3739800A (en) | 2000-10-09 |
CA2333105A1 (en) | 2000-09-28 |
WO2000057527A1 (en) | 2000-09-28 |
CN1311603C (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
CA2333105C (en) | 2012-02-14 |
US6405104B1 (en) | 2002-06-11 |
CZ20004382A3 (cs) | 2001-08-15 |
EP1082797A1 (en) | 2001-03-14 |
JP2011109911A (ja) | 2011-06-02 |
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