The Chinese government always attaches great importance to the improvement of desert and sandy land, over ten billion have been invested so far, 14 dissimilar desertification control patterns have been built in support, develop more or less a hundred sand control technological achievement, but effect is not very good, especially the ecological effect of sand control and long-term effect are not good enough, present the local whole trend that worsens of administering.
Trace it to its cause is that the sand control material that is adopted is difficult to take into account solid water, solid fertilizer and the structure improved three efficacy of sandy land.Water, fertile and edaphic condition is three big key elements of plant-growth, and is indispensable.Sand control material in the past often has only single function, or solid water water glass for example only, sodium aluminate, Xylo-Mucine, super absorbent resin etc., or only fix the sand for example grout, glue, organic mulch film etc., certainly use the solid water sand fixation material with and can improve effect, as Ge Xuegui (environmental mineral, SAP, the pre-test of Chemical Sandy Fixation Slurry Material comprehensive regulation desert; " petromineralogy magazine ", 2001,20 (4), 511~514) with water glass-ethyl acetate, vegetable extract fixes the sand to starch material and pillared montmorillonite, lacks aluminium type zeolite, and SAP is mixed and makes matrix material together, may have certain effect like this, but complicated operation is with high costs.Sand control material simultaneously often contains macromolecular material, has inevitably caused secondary pollution in the time of sand control.
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of sand control novel material, and it integrates solid water, solid fertilizer and sandy land structural improvement, and also can not cause secondary pollution, is a kind of environmental protection sand control novel material.
Sand control novel material of the present invention is to carry out the formed salt and fertilizer ion column layered silicate material of intercalation replacement(metathesis)reaction with the fertile pillared special-purpose liquid of salt and the layered silicate of soil propertyization fully, wherein the main ingredient sulfuric acid of the fertile pillared special-purpose liquid of salt: calcium monofluorophosphate (3Ca
3(PO4)
2CaF
2): phosphogypsum (CaSO
42H
2O): water: the straw powder: the weight proportion of nitrogenous fertilizer compound is 1.6~2.2: 0.3~0.8: 0.4~1.2: 1.5~3.0: 0.5~0.8: 0.3~2.0.
Wherein the layered silicate of soil propertyization comprises one or more following mineral fully: wilkinite, sepiolite and polygorskite; The phosphorus pentoxide content of the fertile pillared special-purpose fluid component calcium monofluorophosphate of salt is 30%, and granularity is 80 orders; Phosphogypsum size is 80 orders; The granularity of straw powder is 60 orders; The nitrogenous fertilizer compound comprises one or more following compounds: volatile salt, ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, primary ammonium phosphate and ammoniacal liquor;
The preparation method of sand control novel material of the present invention is with the layered silicate oven dry of soil propertyization, is crushed to 60~200 orders, adds entry, making solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 1~5, stirring pulping adds the fertile pillared special-purpose liquid of salt, is heated to 40 ℃~105 ℃, under agitation reacted 0.2~1.5 hour, PH is controlled at 0.5~9 during reaction, and adding sulfuric acid acidation then is 3.5~5.1 to PH, filtration, drying is pulverized and is finished product; Wherein the preparation method of the fertile pillared special-purpose liquid of salt is exactly that proportional quantity according to aforementioned component adds water with calcium monofluorophosphate earlier and is made into ore pulp, adds sulfuric acid then, opens and stirs, and controlled temperature reacted 30~60 minutes at 80~100 ℃.This moment, pH was about 0.5, added phosphogypsum again, and nitrogenous fertilizer compound and straw powder reacted 40~80 minutes, and temperature slowly drops to 60~70 ℃,, add the water of surplus at last, mix;
The best preparation scheme of sand control novel material of the present invention is in 180 ℃ of oven dry 2 hours with 100 kilograms of calcium-base bentonites, be crushed to 80 orders, adding the water management solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 3, stirring pulping adds the fertile pillared special-purpose liquid of 17 kilograms of salt, again in 85 ℃ of reactions 40 minutes, add then sulfuric acid acidation to pH be 3.5~5.1, filter, drying is pulverized and is finished product.The preferred plan that wherein prepares the fertile pillared special-purpose liquid of salt is for to be added to 40 kilograms of calcium monofluorophosphate in 80 kg of water, open to stir and make ore pulp, the sulfuric acid that adds 180 kilograms of content 93% in 95 ℃ of reactions 40 minutes, adds 50 kilograms of phosphogypsums again, 60 kilograms in 180 kilograms of ammoniacal liquor and straw powder, continue reaction 60 minutes, temperature of reaction slowly drops to 70 ℃, and pH rises to about 4.2, add 100 kilograms in water at last, mix;
The present invention utilizes the special laminate structure of the layered silicate of complete inorganic soil materialization, replaces the layered silicate that its interlayer ion forms salt and fertilizer ion column with the fertile ion intercalation of salt.Adjust the CONTROL PROCESS condition, can organically control its interlamellar spacing, form vesicular layered silicate structure, break the original charge balance of its interlayer, make its interlayer possess suction, solid water; Inhale the fertile ion of solid salt, the fertile ion of sustained release salt prevents nutrient loss; Inhale the three efficacy of solid tiny sand grains.Simultaneously, again the vesicular layered silicate is carried out acidification, further improve its absorption and cohesive action to the interlayer edge with the silicic acid class material of toughness therebetween is free, make it in solid water, solid fertilizer when fixing the sand, possesses the effect that improves the sand ground crumb structure.Through test, be the vesicular layered silicate of feature with the salt and fertilizer ion column, its water-retaining capacity improves 16~18 times, Gu fertile ability improves 6 times, adds 3.5% and can resist 12 meter per second strong wind wind erosion 30 minutes in sand.
Sandy land is a slice soil erosion, and plant nutrient ingredient runs off, the soil that Soil structure wrecks, but also be that a slice does not have contaminated soil relatively simultaneously.Vesicular layered silicate of the present invention, the raw material of employing is the soil material of full-inorganic, being used for the fertile ion of intercalation metathetical salt also is inorganic entirely, has also added a bit natural straw powder.Thereby vesicular layered silicate of the present invention can not bring any secondary pollution in the sand control process, is a kind of environmental protection sand control novel material.
The preparation of the fertile pillared special-purpose liquid of embodiment 1 salt
40 kilograms of calcium monofluorophosphate are added in 80 kg of water, open to stir and make ore pulp, the sulfuric acid that adds 180 kilograms of concentration 93% in 95 ℃ of reactions 40 minutes, adds 50 kilograms of phosphogypsums again, 60 kilograms in 180 kilograms of ammoniacal liquor and straw powder, continue reaction 60 minutes, temperature of reaction slowly drops to 70 ℃, and pH rises to about 4.2, add 100 kilograms in water at last, mix.
The preparation of embodiment 2 vesicular layered silicates
100 kilograms of calcium-base bentonites in 180 ℃ of oven dry 2 hours, are crushed to 80 orders, and adding the water management solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 3, stirring pulping, add the fertile pillared special-purpose liquid of 17 kilograms of salt again, in 85 ℃ of reactions 40 minutes, add then sulfuric acid acidation to pH be 3.5~5.1, filter, drying is pulverized and is finished product.