CN1290356A - 一种包括光栅光阀阵列和干涉光学系统和显示装置 - Google Patents

一种包括光栅光阀阵列和干涉光学系统和显示装置 Download PDF

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CN1290356A
CN1290356A CN98812876A CN98812876A CN1290356A CN 1290356 A CN1290356 A CN 1290356A CN 98812876 A CN98812876 A CN 98812876A CN 98812876 A CN98812876 A CN 98812876A CN 1290356 A CN1290356 A CN 1290356A
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image
light
optical devices
light wave
array
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P·K·曼哈特
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ECHELLE Inc
Silicon Light Machines Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0808Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more diffracting elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/02Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7416Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7416Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • H04N5/7458Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of deformable mirrors, e.g. digital micromirror device [DMD]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3102Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
    • H04N9/3105Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3197Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using light modulating optical valves

Abstract

显示系统采用一个平面光栅光阀(GLV)阵列作为空间光调制器,以显示所要显示的图象。用于显示图象的该系统依赖于GLV阵列可移动反射元件的位置,这些可移动元件平行于阵列平面地移动。可移动元件从入射的相位不变波前得到一个代表着待显示图象的反射相位调制波前。通过将相位调制波前与也是直接或间接从入射的相位不变波前形成的参考波前干涉合成,而得到显示图象。

Description

一种包括光栅光阀阵列和干涉光学系统的显示装置
发明技术领域
总体上讲,本发明涉及一种包括空间光调制器件的显示系统。尤其涉及一种小型显示系统,其中光入射到光栅光阀阵列构成的空间光调制器上,该调制器对入射到其上的光波前进行相位调制,相位调制后的波前与参考波前干涉合成,并进行显示。
背景技术
小型显示器件在一些场合是有用的,诸如视频仿真中所用的便携式显示器,等等。应当理解,本文讨论的小型显示器是一种足够小的显示器,它需要一个光学放大装置配合工作。这种显示器的优点是其能耗比具有与放大后小型显示器视觉尺寸相等的实际尺寸的传统显示器能耗要小。
特别适于用作小型显示系统中空间光调制组件的器件是反射光栅光阀(GLV)阵列。这种显示器在US.5,459,610有详细描述。这种类型的反射光栅光阀阵列可以提供很高度显示分辨率,很高的开关速度和很大的带宽,且阵列的工作元件尺寸很小(大约1×40微米)。这些很小的工作元件可以用低电压驱动工作,因此,通过二极管激光器照明与适当的光学系统组合,有可能实现以(Q)干电池为能源的掌中投影显示器。
设计这种显示系统的主要问题是由于这样的情况,GLV阵列通过衍射来调制光,且入射到阵列上进行调制的光在返回时是反射与衍射光的组合。因此,用于显示器的光学系统不仅必须能够放大、聚焦或投影GLV阵列的图象以形成显示图象,而且必须能够分离衍射和反射光。
已知的大多数用于分离衍射和反射光的光学装置是纹影光学系统。利用纹影光学系统,可使GLV阵列衍射的光以不同于该阵列所反射光的角度离开GLV阵列。该光的不同衍射级可以有不同的衍射角。通常,第一级(最亮)用于显示图象。纹影光学系统可以安置成这样,在该系统的某些点比如在光瞳位置,衍射和反射光线可以物理地分离开。这样可以用光阑遮挡住反射光,从而至少理论上仅仅让衍射光通过光阑,提供显示的图象。
纹影光学系统本身存在着几个固有的问题。例如,分离衍射光的要求使得提供衍射光的GLV阵列照明效率有些降低。由于光学系统的实际局限(象差),一个光阑也难以百分之百地阻挡住反射光。通过光阑的反射光构成杂散光,它有降低图象对比度的作用。杂散光还包括光学表面的重影反射光。这些重影反射光没有被光学系统引向光阑。衍射光的散射光和不需要的衍射级也在分离反射和衍射光时产生问题。
因此,需要另一种方法用GLV器件形成显示器。该方法不应该依赖于来自GLV阵列用于形成图象的衍射和反射光的物理分离。
发明概要
本发明旨在提供一种基于GLV阵列(空间光调制器)的显示器件。该系统不需要纹影光学系统来分离反射和衍射的光。该系统包含有GLV阵列,而该阵列包括多排纵向延伸的,平行排列且间隔开的可移动反射组件。每个所述的可移动组件可以平行于光栅平面地相对于光栅平面单独移动一个与待显示图象单元对应的量。作为GLV阵列干涉图的象被即时地显示出图象。
一方面,该系统包括提供相位不变的第一光波前的第一光学装置。包含有GLV阵列的第二光学装置,它使第一光波前变成被GLV阵列的可移动反射组件空间相位调制的第二光波前,和相位不变的第三光波前。第三光学装置用于形成对应于第二和第三光波前的第一和第二图象,而且第二和第三光学装置的结构是这样的:它们使第一和第二图象干涉合成,以提供出显示图象。
在本发明的一个实施例中,第二和第三光学装置实际上构成了一个迈克尔逊干涉仪。第三光波前是该干涉仪的参考波前,并由参考反射镜反射出来的第一光波前的反射部分构成。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,第二和第三光学装置实际上是一个波前剪错干涉仪。GLV阵列在每排可移动反射镜中还具有一排间隔开的固定反射组件。固定反射组件位于平行于光栅平面的一个平面内,彼此间隔开的距离与可移动反射组件的相同,且横向排列成每个固定反射组件都处在相邻可移动反射组件之间的横向位置。
第二光学装置使第一光波前由GLV阵列反射出来,然后反射的波前被分成两个复合波前,其每一个都包含分别对应于GLV阵列的固定和可移动反射组件的相位不变和相位调制的部分。第二光学装置使复合光波前轴向传播,并彼此横向移开一个等于反射镜组件之间间隔整数倍的距离,进而该复合光波前的相位调制部分合成起来形成第二光波前,而该复合光波前相位不变的部分合成起来形成第二光波前。
本发明系统所产生的图象可以放大成实象,而投影到观看表面(如屏幕)上。这些图象也可以放大成虚象,而由观看者通过第三光学系统直接观看。
本发明的显示系统基本设计成这样,其与二维GLV阵列一起使用,直接从中产生相应的二维图象。但是,该系统也可以与一维GLV阵列一起使用。在此情况下,需要一个扫描装置与第三光学系统,并与驱动GLV阵列的调制器电路相配合,以使对应于一维GLV阵列的一维图象迅速扫过观看者的视野,进而依次显示出二维阵列的各行。
附图简要说明
说明书所包含的且作为其一部分的附图,示意性地表示出了本发明的优选实施例,并与上文给出的概括性说明和下文给出的优选实施例详细说明一起,用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是具备透视图,示意性地表示了现有技术的平面反射光栅光阀阵列的一部分,它适合用于本发明的显示系统中,该系统包括平行于光栅平面放置的固定和可移动反射组件阵列。
图2是一个总截面图,示意性地表示了图1光栅光阀阵列部分的工作状态,其中可移动的反射组件处于一个平面内,该平面与固定反射组件所在平面相隔开入射光半个波长的距离。
图3是一个总截面图,示意性地表示了图1光栅光阀阵列部分的工作状态,其中可移动的反射组件处于一个平面内,该平面与固定反射组件所在平面相隔开入射光四分之一波长的距离。
图4是一个总截面图,示意性地表示了根据迈克尔逊干涉仪原理的本发明单色显示器的一个优选实施例,它被安置成在屏幕等上投影实象的方式。
图5是一个总截面图,示意性地表示了根据迈克尔逊干涉仪原理的本发明单色显示器的第二优选实施例,它被安置成直接观看虚象的方式。
图6是一个总截面图,示意性地表示了根据迈克尔逊干涉仪原理的本发明多色显示器的第三优选实施例,它包括多色光源,三个GLV阵列,和使特定基色光照射每个GLV阵列的菲利普棱镜装置。
图7是一个总截面图,示意性地表示了根据迈克尔逊干涉仪原理的本发明多色显示器的第四优选实施例,它包括分别对应于红绿蓝三基色之一的三个源和三个GLV阵列,相应的光源与GLV通过两个相应的菲利普棱镜装置而光学连接,以及使三个光源发出光准直的单透镜。
图8是一个总截面图,示意性地表示了根据迈克尔逊干涉仪原理的本发明多色显示器的第五优选实施例,它包括分别对应于红绿蓝三基色之一的三个源和三个GLV阵列,相应的光源与GLV通过两个相应的菲利普棱镜装置而光学连接,而且每个光源都有一个专用的准直透镜。
图9A和9B是总截面图,它们示意性地表示了根据波前剪错干涉仪原理的本发明多色显示器第六优选实施例的两条光路部分。
图10是是一个总截面图,示意性地表示了图9A和9B系统中的波前剪切光学装置对球面波前的剪切角。
图11A和11B是总截面图,它们示意性地表示了图9A和9B系统中横向剪切的平面相位调制波前的干涉合成。
图12是一个总截面图,示意性地表示了根据迈克尔逊干涉仪原理的本发明扫描单色显示系统优选实施例的一个方面。
图12A是一个从图12中12-12方向看去的总截面图,它示意性地表示了图12扫描单色显示系统的另一个方面,其中该系统被设置成直接观看的方式。
图12A是一个从图12中12-12方向看去的总截面图,它示意性地表示了图12扫描单色显示系统的又一个方面,其中该系统被设置成在屏幕等上投影实象的方式。
对发明的详细说明
在本发明的显示系统中,尤其适宜的光调制器件是反射光栅光阀(GLV)阵列。已经有人建议,在用于制作显示器的实际二维阵列中采用这种器件,且这种器件在美国专利US.5,459,610中有详细描述,因此该文的内容在此引为参考。这种类型的反射光栅光阀阵列可以借助于很小的外形或元件尺寸、很高的开关速度和大带宽来提供很高分辨率的显示。现在请看附图,其中相似组件用相似的标号表示,在下文中将参考图1,2和3对这种器件一个实施例进行描述。
图1表示了反射光栅光阀阵列的部分10,为了清晰起见,没有表示出其整体。GLV阵列10包括成排可单独移动的带有反射涂层14的长形组件或长条12(见图2)。非工作状态的长条12(图2)悬浮在基板16上方一个与之平行的平面17之内(受到拉伸)。长条12是彼此分开且相互平行的。组12之间以一定间隔横向排列,且彼此间隔大致与之相同的是固定反射组件18,它们是通过在基板16上沉积反射涂层而形成的。固定反射组件可以限定在一个与基板16平行的平面19内。
GLV阵列10用在硅(晶片)基片20上光刻半导体器件的制造技术而制出。基板16是晶片的一个表面。电极层22沉积在晶片相反的表面上。长条12和固定反射组件适宜具有约1至4μm的宽度和约40.0μm至100.0μm的长度。适合用于本发明二维显示器中的GLV阵列,适宜具有约(Q)厘米的宽度,和大约(Q)的高度。这种阵列应当包括每排约(Q)个可移动的组件12,且与待显示图象的线数相对应的排数。固定和可移动组件有窄的宽度,因此一组相邻的组件,如8对固定的和可移动组件,可以用于代表一个两百五十六灰度级的图象单元或象素,且同时提供一个足够小的象素,他可以获得与传统CRT计算机监视器相比拟分辨率。
通过在组件和基板16之间施加电压来移动或操作长条12。在非工作状态下,可移动组件反射涂层14与相应(相邻)固定组件之间的距离设定为二分之一的阵列照明光波长(见图2)。
当施加了足够的电压时,长条12向前偏转,并可以支撑在基板16上。长条12的厚度这样选定,在“工作和支撑”状态下,对应于固定在可移动反射组件上的反射表面之间的距离为照射该阵列所用光波长的四分之一(见图3)。在此状态下,可移动的和固定的组件所反射光之间的相消干涉将产生衍射波前(未示出)。但是在本发明中,衍射波前不在考虑之列,在相位调制一个“理想”或相位不变的入射波前24时,由可移动元件的作用产生出图象信息。
任何相邻的可移动和固定组件对12和18,或代表图象单元整体和部分的这种对的任何功能组,可以被看作为“光阀”。由此,为了便于说明采用了术语“光栅光阀阵列”。
本发明所属领域的普通技术人员会认识到,在图2和图3所示的极端状态之间的状态下,长条12将移动通过平行于基板16(任何光栅平面)的各平面。中间状态可以在组件以模拟方式工作时使用。
现在参考图4,图中表示出本发明显示系统的一个优选实施例30。该系统适用于构成一个单色显示系统。系统30包括一个光源32,优选为“单色”光源,例如发光二极管或激光器等等半导体发光器件。在本文中,术语“单色”是指光源32所发出光的波长局限在标称中心波长周围的一个窄带宽内,且该带宽足够的窄,以致在共同传播波前之间发生干涉时没有明显的不利影响,本发明系统的原理也是以此基础上的。
光源32发出的光36经透镜40准直,并因此可以描述为已经形成了在图4这用虚线24所表示的理想平面或“相位不变”的波前。在本文中,相位不变是指,波前上所有点基本上彼此同相位。光学领域的普通技术人员将会认识到,本文中的基本含义是,同相位仅仅可能是形成或导致该波前的光学元件的光学精度所允许的程度。为简单起见,图4中透镜40被表示为一个单一的元件。但是,光学领域的普通技术人员会认识到透镜40通常可包括两个或更多的元件。当然,波前24的理想化程度取决于透镜40的元件材料与形状的选择。
然后,波前24(准直光36)进入一个光学装置42,该装置42包括GLV阵列10,参考反射镜43和具有45度反射表面46的立方体分束器44。表面46包括部分透射和部分反射光36的滤光涂层(未示出)。透射和反射率适宜大致相等。光36的这种部分透射和部分反射可定义为将波前24分成了两部分。箭头36R表示的反射部分入射到GLV10上。箭头36T表示的透射部分到参考反射镜43上。参考反射镜43具有一个反射表面(图4中没有具体地表示出来),该表面适宜足够地平,不致使入射于其上的波前的相位产生明显象差。于是,反射镜43和表面46反射出来的相位不变的参考波前24R从分束器立方体44中射出。另外,反射镜43可以用涂覆在分束器立方体44与之光学相邻面上的反射涂层代替。
在GLV10反射了被表面46反射的一部分波前40之后,波前上各点会有不同相位关系,这些相位关系取决于GLV10上反射出这些点的可移动元件12工作状态。因此,在大多数工作环境中,即当用GLV10产生图象时,相位调制波前24M从分束器立方体44中射出,并沿着系统的轴48与相位不变的参考波前24R一起传播。
当用图象形成光学装置52使波前24R和24M在观看表面,如屏幕50上,成象时,这些波前彼此将发生干涉(干涉合成)形成一个实象54,该图象是GLV10的干涉图案或干涉图的图象,其中明或暗部分代表GLV的可移动组件12的工作状态。于是,通过提供用于驱动GLV10的适合电子电路和软件(图4中未示出),可以得到基本代表任意视频或图形的图象54,而不管该图象是用软件直接产生的或是从独立视频源,如摄像机或VCR,中变换出来的。
这里应当注意,本说明书及其权利要求书中所用的术语“图象”应该解释为任何情况下的图象,除了图象不清楚的情况。这意味着,所谓“运动”图象和许多“静止”图象可以由迅速显示的序这种瞬时图象列构成,并避免了令人生厌且不必要的重复。
优选的系统30是在所有可移动组件处于任意样极端状态的情况下,用GLV10初始校准的。这种状态适宜为可移动组件都处于“上”的状态,即未加电压的状态(见图2)。在此条件下,固定和可移动的反射组件彼此间隔开二分之一波长,从而使入射到可移动与固定反射组件的波前部分之间产生一个波长的往返相位变化。在此条件下,波前24M会表现为相位不变的波前,与波前24R一样。通过调节GLV10的缝隙(幅度)使这些波前平行,并随后调节轴向位置使这些波前(全部)具有半波长奇数或偶数倍的相位差,图象54将能够分别呈现出完全黑暗或完全明亮。如果选择“完全黑暗”的条件,GLV10提供图象或视频图象的后续操作将在暗背景上产生由亮点组成的图象。
现在继续参考图4讨论成象光学装置。在一个优选的装置中,成象光学系统包括透镜56和58。与透镜40相同,为了简单起见,这些透镜也被表示为单一元件,但是实际上它们都会包括两个或更多的元件。为了形成图象,GLV10被视为一个物体,且GLV10的任何独立组件或其上的点都可视为发出了从GLV发散出去的虚线37所示的锥形光线。GLV10位于透镜56的焦平面上,由此光线37在通过改透镜之后被准直来了。近轴光线36A,就是从GLV10和参考反射镜43选择性反射的那些光线,被透镜56聚焦在其出瞳53处,然后向着透镜58发散前进,进而再由透镜58导向屏幕50。透镜58使光线37在屏幕上聚焦。在相对于屏幕任何方便的位置,如眼睛60R所示,观看者都能看到屏幕50上的实象54。
尽管上面将系统30描述成一个具有在屏幕50上投影实象54的光学装置52的投影系统,该系统也可以通过简单地从光学装置中省略掉透镜58而设置成供直接观看的。这在图5中表示出来(系统31),这其中光学装置52A仅仅包括透镜56,而且位于或靠近出瞳53并直接对着透镜的观看者眼睛60V会看到波前24R和24M干涉合成的虚象(无穷远)。这个干涉合成的虚象可以以虚拟形式代表系统31所要显示的图象。
尽管上文已经描述了作为单色显示系统的本发明显示系统,但是本发明的原理同样可以提供多色(多种颜色或“全色”)显示。图6表示了一个这样的多色显示系统70。这里,多色光源32P发出的光36P有透镜40准直。光36P包括所有基色成分,即红、绿、蓝。透镜40将包括全部这些基色成分的平面波前24P引入光学装置42P。
光学装置42P包括一个分束器立方体44,它具有一个45度角的部分反射、部分透射表面46。与上文单色系统30所述的一样,参考反射镜43于分束器立方体相邻。准直光36P从表面46反射之后,进入分色棱镜74R、74G和74B的阵列72,该棱镜阵列引导光进入三个GLV阵列10R、10G和10B,每个GLV阵列用于调制待显示最终图象中的一个基色成分。当然,每个GLV阵列都有与系统30的GLV10相同形式的结构。每个GLV是可以单独调节的,以便于如上述系统30那样校准图象。棱镜装置72的表面76有反射红光但透射蓝光和绿光的滤光涂层。棱镜装置72的表面78有反射绿光但透射蓝光的滤光涂层。
本发明所属领域的普通技术人员将会认识到棱镜装置72是公知的菲利普棱镜装置。在棱镜装置72的目标是以距棱镜装置入射/出射表面80相同的光学距离放置每个GLV阵列10R、10G和10B。这里应当注意,菲利普棱镜装置72仅是本领域普通技术人员应当知道的能实现这个目标的几种装置之一。因此,棱镜装置72不应该构成对本发明的限制。
GLV阵列10R、10G和10B分别受到准直光束36PRR、36PRG和36PRB的照射。为了成象的目的,可以视为GLV阵列提供了红、绿和蓝色的发散光束37R、37G和37B。由此产生了有待于成象光学系统52成象的三个(分别是红、绿和蓝色)相位调制的波前24MR、24MG和24MB。此外,多色相位不变的参考波前24RP由分束器立方体44的表面46和参考反射镜43的部分反射光36P产生。成象光学系统32如讨论系统30是所述的那样布置,以便在屏幕上形成波前24MR、24MG、24MB和24RP的实象(图6中未示出,但是眼睛60R示意),其中它们干涉合成从而使待显示的多色图象成一实象。与上述系统31相似,光学装置52可以只包括透镜56,且观看者的眼睛60V可以直接观看代表待显示多色图象的波前24MR、24MG、24MB和24RP经虚拟干涉合成的虚象。
现在参考图7,其中表示了多色或多种颜色显示系统的另一个实例71。除了多色光源32P用三个独立的单色红、绿和蓝光光源32R、32G和32B代替之外,系统71的结构基本与上述系统70相同。这些光源发出的红光36R、绿光36G和蓝光36B由菲利普棱镜装置72引入透镜40进行准直。从透镜40出射的是多色相位不变的波前24P。当然,光学领域的普通技术人员将认识到,多色相位不变的波前24P也可以看作是分离的符合本发明干涉原理的相位不变红、绿和蓝光波前。
光学领域的普通技术人员还将认识到,如果单色光源32R、32G和32B是半导体二极管激光器,则每个光源的输出特性通常是椭圆象散,其彼此的差别可能大到单透镜系统40不能使所有三个光源都恰好变圆和准直(消象散校准)。这种情况可以如图8所示的那样用系统73解决,该系统73的操作基本与上述系统71相同,但是其中系统71的透镜40被三个单独的透镜40R、40G就40B所代替。这些透镜特别设计成能使光源32R、32G和32B的输出光变圆和准直的构造。从透镜40R、40G就40B射出的准直光进入菲利普棱镜装置72,并将图8所示的准直多色输出光合成为多色相位不变波前24P。当然,该波前也可以看成是分离的相位不变的红、绿和蓝光波前,并符合本发明的干涉原理。
显然对本领域普通技术人员而言,上述任何一种显示系统,即使是最复杂的一种,且无论图象是实的还是虚的,都可以看作是成象的迈克尔逊干涉仪,其中“待测”的光学表面是GLV10的表面。但是,本发明的系统不局限于采用迈克尔逊干涉仪的原理,也可以利用如下文中将要提出的其他干涉仪原理。
现在参考图9A和9B,其中描述了采用波前剪错干涉仪原理的多色投影显示系统的一个实施例80。系统80仅仅在干涉原理上不同于前述的实施例,系统中相同的构成不再详细描述。而仅对理解波前剪错干涉仪原理所必需的构成和光线轨迹作详细描述。只描出一种基色(蓝色)的光线,因为其他基色的光线的情况和作用完全相同。
从GLV10R、10G和10B反射的光将受到相位调制的屏幕波前24MR、24MG和24MB(见图9A)。这么波前沿着轴48共同传播,并进入到包含透镜56和58的投影光学系统52中,该这些透镜与前面所述的投影系统中的作用相同,而且实际上它们都是多元件透镜组。
在透镜组56和68之间有一个波前分裂和剪切装置82,它由分束器立方体84、固定反射镜86(当然也可以是立方体的涂覆面)和可轴向移动并沿两个正交轴倾斜的可调反射镜88组成。波前的分裂由45度表面83完成,该表面上具有部分反射部分透射的滤光涂层(未示出)。
继续参考图9A并再参考图10,透镜56适宜有这样的结构,在分束器立方体84与透镜58之间间隔88中,沿着轴48传播的波前(这里被表面83“折叠”了90度)是球面的但又是相位调制的。相对于反射镜86倾斜反射镜88的结果是,每个出射的球面相位调制波前24MS1和24MS2(在图9A中仅用光线90和91表示)呈现为彼此剪错开一个X角度,并仍然形式相同(球面)。
透镜58包括一或多个平象场元件(未示出),以使波前24MS1和24MS2通过该透镜之后变平,从而提供一对相应蓝色的平行的相位调制波前24MB1和24MB2。然后,这些波前在屏幕50上形成图象,如图9B所示,用光线37、37B1和37B2干涉合成并且形成多色图象。
波前24MB1和24MB2彼此横向剪切开一个距离Y。该距离是GLV中可移动组件间间隔的整数倍,优选是一倍。相位调制波前24MB1和24MB2干涉合成的方式在下文中参考图11A和11B作出说明。
如图11A所示,在一种合成中,每个波前24MB1和24MB2包括与GLV10B中固定和可移动反射组件18和12相对应的固定部分25F和相位调制部分25M。当彼此横向剪切开一个等于相邻可移动组件间隔的距离Y时,一个波前的固定部分将与另一个波前的相位调制部分对准。两个波前固定部分与相位调制部分对准成双的情况实际上是一种显微干涉仪,并将提供一个具有该对波前相位关系所确定的亮度的图象单元。由此,任何一个波前都可看成是另一个的参考波前。
如图11B所示,在另一种合成中,波前24MB1和24MB2的重叠也可以看成是形成了两个另外的波前,受到相位调制的一个27MB,和作为相位不变参考波前的另一个27RB。波前27MB和27RB的干涉合成在屏幕50上形成了多色图象的蓝色部分。
无论哪一种合成,多色图象都可以看成是由红、绿和蓝色波前对构成的。红、绿和蓝色波前对的干涉合成,分别形成了多色图象的红、绿和蓝三个基色部分。
本领域普通技术人员将会认识到,尽管已经用迈克尔逊干涉仪和波前剪错干涉仪的原理描述了上述系统,只要不违背本发明的构思和范围,其他干涉仪装置也可以采用。尤其应该注意的是,所述的波前剪错装置只是几个公知波前剪错装置中的一个。
本发明干涉显示系统的所有上述实施例,已经对二维GLV阵列用作空间光调制器的方式进行了描述,该调制器提供了构成图象的相位调制波前。该二维阵列包括多排固定和可移动反射组件,对于每一行图象,至少一排组件代表该一排或一行图象单元(象素)。如上所述的每个象素可以由一或多个可移动组件代表。
但是如果采用仅包括一排固定和可移动反射组件的一维GLV阵列,本发明的原理同样适用。在此情况下,必须有一个扫描装置,用于扫描一个通过观看者视场的干涉产生的图象(实象或虚象)。GLV阵列与扫描装置的驱动单元协同工作,由此该阵列顺序地表示待显示图象的依次各行。为了表示由M行N个象素构成的图象,一维GLV应需要M×B个可移动组件,其中B是每个象素的数据比特数。一维GLV阵列通常会在一次扫描中作M次调制,以顺序地表示出M个显示行。下文将参考图12、12A和12B,简要说明用干涉原理提供实象(投影)和虚象(直接观看)的装置。
图12、12A表示了一个系统90,除了系统90中采用的是一维GLV10R,而非系统31的二维GLV10之外,它基本与前述系统31(见图5)相同。该系统通过依次干涉合成相位调制和相位不变的波前24M和24R而形成图象。由于形成的图象是一维的,所以需要一个用于扫描上述一维图象的扫描装置92。扫描装置92包括扫描反射镜94,它由驱动电机98驱动关于轴96作往复角度扫描,如图12中箭头C所示。扫描反射镜94适宜靠近透镜56的出瞳53放置。反射镜94的角度扫描产生GLV阵列10R的一个要直线扫过(如箭头D所示)观看者60V视场的虚象(在图12中用虚线的矩形99V表示)。用于从视频数据源100将视频数据转换成GLV阵列可用形式的视频数据的电子处理器100,与用于提供代表各显示行一维图象的GLV10移动组件和扫描驱动电机98协同工作。
现在参考图12B,其中表示了系统91,除了加入用于在屏幕50上投影一维实象99R的投影透镜58之外,该系统基本与图12A中的系统90相同。这里,反射镜94的角度扫描产生待扫过屏幕50通过观看者视场的图象99R,如箭头D所示。
分别在依照迈克尔逊干涉仪的图5和图4单色二维系统31和30的基础上,已经对上述扫描系统90和91作出简单叙述。这是为了突出系统的扫描部分,并避免对已经详细描述过的多色光情况和干涉仪方面作不必要的重复。但是,光学领域的普通技术人员应该理解,当系统的干涉成象过程与GLV阵列是一维还是或二维的无关时,所述的扫描原理可以用于上述任何二维系统或这些系统的变型中。
显然,光学领域的普通技术人员还应该理解,反射扫描装置92只是几种可用的公知扫描装置中的一种。事实上,似乎可以采用任意一种这样的扫描装置,只要不违背本发明的构思和范围。
简而言之,对采用平面GLV阵列作为空间光调制器来表示待显示图象的显示系统已作出描述。这些用于表示图象的系统依赖于移过平行于该阵列平面的平面的GLV阵列可移动反射组件的相位位置。可移动组件从入射到其上的相位不变波前中提供一个反射的相位调制波前,该波前代表了待显示的图象。通过干涉合成相位调制的波前与直接或间接从入射相位不变波前形成的参考波前,而显示出图象。
已经描述和解释了本发明的几个优选实施例。但是,本发明不局限于所述的这些实施例。本发明仅仅由权利要求书限定。

Claims (33)

1.一种显示图象的系统,包括:
至少一个平面光栅光阀(GLV)阵列,它包含至少一排长条的、分隔开的、平行对准的可移动反射组件,每个所述的可移动组件可以平行于光栅平面地相对于光栅平面单独移动一个与待显示图象单元对应的量;和
用于显示至少一个GLV阵列干涉图之图象的成象干涉仪装置,该干涉图的图象即时代表至少一部分待显示图形。
2.权利要求1的系统,其中所述的成象干涉仪装置根据迈克尔逊干涉仪原理放置。
3.权利要求1的系统,其中在所述的GLV阵列中,在每一排可移动反射组件中设置一排间隔开的固定反射组件,所述的固定反射组件位于平行于所述光栅平面的平面内,并间隔开与所述可移动反射组件相同的距离,横向排列成使得其每一个都处于相邻所述可移动反射组件之间的位置;而且其中所述的成象干涉仪装置根据波前剪错干涉仪的原理布置。
4.一种显示图象的系统,包括:
至少一个平面光栅光阀(GLV)阵列,它包含多排长条的、分隔开的、平行对准的可移动反射组件,每个所述的可移动组件可以平行于光栅平面地相对于光栅平面单独移动一个与待显示图象单元对应的量;
用于提供第一相位不变光波前的第一光学装置;
用于将所述第一光波前形成为由所述GLV阵列可移动反射组件空间光调制的第二光波前,和第三相位不变光波前的第二光学装置;
用于形成所述第二和第三光波前各自的第一和第二图象的第三光学装置;
并安置所述的第二和第三光学装置,以使得所述第一和第二图象干涉合成而提供出待显示的图象。
5.权利要求4的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是投影在观看表面上的实象。
6.权利要求4的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是虚象,并可由观看者通过所述的第三光学装置直接观看。
7.权利要求4的系统,其中所述的第二和第三光波前是通过将所述第一光波前分裂成两部分,且其中一部分由所述GLV阵列反射以提供所述第二光波前,而另一部分由一参考反射镜反射以提供所述第三光波前。
8.权利要求4的系统,其中在所述的GLV阵列中,在每一排可移动反射组件中设置一排间隔开的固定反射组件,且所述的固定反射组件位于平行于所述光栅平面的平面内,并间隔开与所述可移动反射组件相同的距离,横向排列成使得其每一个都处于相邻所述可移动反射组件之间的位置。
9.权利要求8的系统,其中所述的第二光学装置使第一光波前由GLV阵列反射,然后反射的波前分成两个复合光波前,其每一个都包含相位不变和相位调制的部分,分别对应于固定和可移动GLV阵列的反射组件;且所述的第二光学装置使复合光波前轴向传播,并彼此横向移开一个等于反射镜组件之间间隔整数倍距离,从而所述复合光波前的所述相位调制部分合成起来形成了第二反射波前,而所述复合光波前的所述相位不变部分合成起来形成了第三反射波前。
10.权利要求4的系统,其中所述的第一第二和第三波前是平面波前。
11.一种显示图象的系统,包括:
一个光栅光阀(GLV)阵列,它包含多排长条的、分隔开的、平行对准的可移动反射组件,每个所述的可移动组件可以平行于光栅平面地相对于光栅平面单独移动一个与待显示图象单元对应的量;
一个参考反射镜;
第一光学装置,用于提供第一相位不变的光波前;
第二光学装置,用于将所述第一光波前分裂成第一和第二部分,并用于使所述第一光波前的所述第一部分形成为由所述GLV阵列的所述可移动反射组件空间光调制过的第二光波前,并通过所述参考反射镜的反射而将所述第一光波前的所述第二部分形成为第三相位不变的光波前;
用于形成所述第二和第三光波前各自的第一和第二图象的第三光学装置;并且
安置所述的第二和第三光学装置,以使得所述第一和第二图象干涉合成而提供出待显示的图象。
12.权利要求11的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是投影在观看表面上的实象。
13.权利要求11的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是虚象,并可通过所述第三光学装置由观看者直接看到。
14.一种显示图象的系统,包括:
一个光栅光阀(GLV)阵列,它包含多排长条的、分隔开的、平行对准的可移动反射组件,每个所述的可移动组件可以平行于光栅平面地相对于光栅平面单独移动一个与待显示图象单元对应的量,在每一排可移动反射组件中设置一排间隔开的固定反射组件,且所述的固定反射组件位于平行于所述光栅平面的平面内,并间隔开与所述可移动反射组件相同的距离,横向排列成使得其每一个都处于相邻所述可移动反射组件之间的位置;
第一光学装置,用于提供第一相位不变光波前;
第二光学装置,用于使所述第一光波前从所述GLV阵列反射,然后分裂两个复合光波前,其每一个都包含分别对应于所述GLV阵列的所述固定和可移动反射组件的相位不变和相位调制部分,并用于使两个所述复合光波前在反射组件之间同轴传播,并彼此横向移开一个等于反射镜组件之间间隔整数倍距离,从而两个所述复合光波前的所述相位调制部分合成起来形成受所述GLV阵列的所述可移动反射组件空间调制的第二光波前,而两个所述复合光波前的相位不变部分合成起来形成第三相位不变的光波前;及
用于形成所述第二和第三光波前各自的第一和第二图象的第三光学装置;并且
安置所述的第二和第三光学装置,以使得所述第一和第二图象干涉合成而提供出待显示的图象。
15.权利要求14所系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是投影在观看表面上的实象。
16.权利要求14的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是虚象,并可通过所述第三光学装置由观看者直接看到。
17.一种显示多色图象的系统,包括:
第一,第二和第三平面光栅光阀(GLV)阵列,它们分别用于处理待显示图象的基色红、绿和蓝分量,每个所述的GLV阵列都包含多排长条的、分隔开的、平行对准的可移动反射组件,每个所述的可移动组件可以平行于光栅平面地相对于光栅平面单独移动一个与待显示图象单元对应的量;
一个参考反射镜;
一个多色光源,它包含代表待显示图象的所述红、绿和蓝色分量的波长成分;
第一光学装置,用于从所述多色光源提供第一相位不变光波前,所述的第一光波前包含所述的红、绿和蓝色分量;
第二光学装置,用于使所述第一光波前的所述第一部分形成为红、绿和蓝色的分别由所述第一第二和第三GLV阵列的所述可移动反射组件空间光调制过的第二光波前,并用于使所述第一光波前的第二部分反射出所述参考反射镜而形成第三相位不变的光波前;
第三光学装置,用于形成所述红、绿和蓝第二光波前和所述第三光波前各自的第一、第二、第三和第四图象的第三光学装置;并且
安置所述的第二和第三光学装置,以使得所述第一、第二、第三和第四图象干涉合成而提供出待显示的多色图象。
18.权利要求17所系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是投影在观看表面上的实象。
19.权利要求17的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是虚象,并可通过所述第三光学装置由观看者直接看到。
20.权利要求17所系统,其中所述的多色光源包括单独的红、绿和蓝单色光源,其输出的光通过放置双色滤光器而合成,以提供多色光。
21.一种显示多色图象的系统,包括:
第一,第二和第三光栅光阀(GLV)阵列,它们分别用于处理待显示图象的基色红、绿和蓝分量,每个所述的GLV阵列都包含多排长条的、分隔开的、平行对准的可移动反射组件,每个所述的可移动组件可以平行于光栅平面地相对于光栅平面单独移动一个与待显示图象单元对应的量,在每一排可移动反射组件中设置一排间隔开的固定反射组件,且所述的固定反射组件位于平行于所述光栅平面的平面内,并间隔开与所述可移动反射组件相同的距离,并横向排列成使得其每一个都处于相邻所述可移动反射组件之间的位置;
一个多色光源,它包含代表待显示图象的所述红、绿和蓝色分量的波长成分;
第一光学装置,用于从所述多色光源提供第一相位不变的多色光波前,所述的第一光波前包含所述的红、绿和蓝色分量;
第二光学装置,用于使所述第一多色光波前的所述第一部分分裂成单独的红、绿和蓝色第一光波前,用于使所述的红绿蓝第一光波前从各自所述第一第二和第三GLV阵列反射出来,用于使每个所述的反射红绿蓝第一光波前分裂成一对复合光波前,其每一个复合光波前都包括分别对应于所述GLV阵列的所述固定和可移动反射组件的相位不变和相位调制部分,并用于使复合光波前对同轴传播,并彼此横向移开一个等于反射镜组件之间间隔整数倍距离,从而红绿蓝复合光波前对的相位调制部分合成起来形成分别受所述第一第二和第三GLV阵列的所述可移动反射组件空间调制的红绿蓝第二光波前,而红绿蓝复合光波前对的相位不变部分合成起来分别形成红绿蓝第三相位不变的光波前;
第三光学装置,用于形成所述红绿蓝第二光波前,和所述红绿蓝第三光波前各自的第一、第二、第三、第四、第五和第六图象;并且
安置所述的第二和第三光学装置,以使得所述第一、第二、第三、第四、第五和第六图象干涉合成而提供出待显示的多色图象。
22.权利要求21的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是投影在观看表面上的实象。
23.权利要求21的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是虚象,并可通过所述第三光学装置由观看者直接看到。
24.权利要求21所系统,其中所述的多色光源包括单独的红、绿和蓝单色光源,其输出的光通过放置双色滤光器而合成,以提供多色光。
25.一种显示图象的系统,包括:
一个光栅光阀(GLV)阵列,它包含多排长条的、分隔开的、平行对准的可移动反射组件,每个所述的可移动组件可以平行于光栅平面地相对于光栅平面单独移动一个与待显示图象单元对应的量,在每一排可移动反射组件中设置一排间隔开的固定反射组件,且所述的固定反射组件位于平行于所述光栅平面的平面内,并间隔开与所述可移动反射组件相同的距离,横向排列成使得其每一个都处于相邻所述可移动反射组件之间的位置;
第一光学装置,用于提供第一相位不变光波前;
第二光学装置,用于使所述第一光波前从所述GLV阵列反射,然后分裂两个复合光波前,其每一个都包含分别对应于所述GLV阵列的所述固定和可移动反射组件的相位不变和相位调制部分,并用于使所述第一和第二光波前同轴传播,并彼此横向移开一个等于反射镜组件之间间隔整数倍距离;及
第三光学装置,用于形成所述第二和第三光波前各自的第一和第二图象;并且
安置所述的第二和第三光学装置,以使得所述第一和第二图象干涉合成而提供出待显示的图象。
26.权利要求25的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是投影在观看表面上的实象。
27.权利要求25的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是虚象,并可通过所述第三光学装置由观看者直接看到。
28.一种为观看者显示图象的系统,包括:
至少一个平面光栅光阀(GLV)阵列,它包含至少一排长条的、分隔开的、平行对准的可移动反射组件,每个所述的可移动组件可以平行于光栅平面地相对于光栅平面单独移动一个与待显示图象单元对应的量;和
其中显示的图象是通过扫描经过观看者视场的GLV阵列干涉图的图象序列而形成的。
29.权利要求28的系统,其中所述的干涉图的图象是投影在观看表面上的实象。
30.权利要求28的系统,其中所述干涉图的图象是虚象,观看者可通过包含在形成所述干涉图图象的系统中的光学装置看到。
31.一种用于显示二维图象的系统,二维图象包含多行图象单元,该系统包括:
一个光栅光阀(GLV)阵列,它包含多排长条的、分隔开的、平行对准的可移动反射组件,每个所述的可移动组件可以平行于光栅平面地相对于光栅平面单独移动一个与待显示图象单元对应的量;
第一光学装置,用于提供第一相位不变光波前;
第二光学装置,用于使所述第一相位不变的光波前变成为受所述GLV阵列的所述可移动反射组件空间相位调制的第二光波前,和第三相位不变光波前;
第三光学装置,用于形成所述第二和第三光波前各自的第一和第二图象;
安置所述的第二和第三光学装置,以使得所述第一和第二图象干涉合成而提供出待显示图象的一个图象行;
电子装置,用于操纵所述的可移动组件,以使得所述的图象行依次地显示出待显示的所有行;及
扫描装置,与所述第三光学装置和所述的电子装置配合,用于使所述图象行横向移过观看者的视场,使得所述移动的图象行在观看者面前呈现为二维图象。
32.权利要求31的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是投影在观看表面上的实象,可供观看者观看。
33.权利要求32的系统,其中所述的第一和第二图象是虚象,且观看者可通过所述第三光学装置直接看到。
CN98812876A 1997-10-31 1998-10-22 一种包括光栅光阀阵列和干涉光学系统和显示装置 Pending CN1290356A (zh)

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CN100468127C (zh) * 2005-10-07 2009-03-11 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 投影显示装置
CN109154737A (zh) * 2016-02-18 2019-01-04 奥里姆光学有限公司 动态全三维显示
CN109154737B (zh) * 2016-02-18 2022-05-03 奥里姆光学有限公司 动态全三维显示
CN106646884A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2017-05-10 苏州苏大维格光电科技股份有限公司 一种投影物镜及三维显示装置
CN106646885A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2017-05-10 苏州苏大维格光电科技股份有限公司 一种投影物镜及三维显示装置
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