CN1284186A - 收集与处理市场数据的方法和系统 - Google Patents

收集与处理市场数据的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN1284186A
CN1284186A CN98813269.9A CN98813269A CN1284186A CN 1284186 A CN1284186 A CN 1284186A CN 98813269 A CN98813269 A CN 98813269A CN 1284186 A CN1284186 A CN 1284186A
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约翰·赖尔登
布鲁斯·摩尔豪斯
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Abstract

一种用于收集市场数据的系统和方法,在销售点(120)同时获取有关特定用户交易的数据。一种包含行项目数据,并用付款载体号码识别的电子发票被建立并传送到信用授权场所供信用授权。信用授权场所将此发票转交到数据库(185),它可位于远离信用授权场所的一个地方。数据库包括若干关连的数据结构,便于分析和检索收集到的数据。

Description

收集与处理市场数据的方法和系统
       发明领域
本发明涉及一种收集与处理市场数据的系统和方法。
       发明背景
市场研究是一种重要的商业工具，使制造商，零售商，财务机构，和其它部门能有成本效益地制定他们的市场和销售活动并有效地达到潜在的客户。这些组织在计划新产品，销售策略和推广活动，以及对各种各样其他的销售和市场有关的商业活动作出决策时非常依赖于市场数据。
过去，市场数据一直用几种方法收集。典型的做法是，雇用市场研究公司来利用调查，询问，和其他费钱费时的技术收集数据。然后利用统计技术处理这些信息，努力由此去推断消费者行为的主要趋势。然而根据统计上的显著相关性，这些技术不可能绝对精确地确定特定人群或各种消费者的购买方式。确实，正如在技术上已被承认的那样，这样的调查经常得到不准确和误导的结果。
相反，某些组织，尤其是大型零售商，通过在零售商的销售点上跟踪销售业务收集市场数据。然而，这种技术提供的只是未加工的数据，例如，由商家售出的项目的数量和类型。并未提供有关特定的社会经济群体或个体消费者的销售方式的详细数据。
为了收集更精确的数据，零售商们有时向顾客提供“特惠顾客”卡或类似的物件。典型情况下“特惠顾客”卡包括与数据库记录相链接的顾客识别号码，数据库记录存储着与顾客的过去采购有关的信息。每次顾客进行采购，商家扫描或人工地将顾客识别号码从“特惠顾客”卡输入商家的销售点(POS)计算机。然后商家扫描或人工地输入由顾客购买的项目的识别码。典型情况下，用来识别每个产品的识别码可以是产品的通用产品码(UPC)。以这种方式，收集有关特定顾客的购买方式的数据是可能的。
这种技术也有几个缺陷。首先，它只收集颁发了“特惠顾客”卡的特定零售商的销售数据。它并不允许由第一零售商收集的数据与由其他零售商收集的数据结合起来和交叉参照。因此所收集到的数据从整体上来说可能提供一种被大大地歪曲的顾客购买方式展望。
而且，这样的系统要求顾客将他的或她的卡带到零售商的POS。为了这个目的，零售商必须大力提供各种各样的刺激，例如对一些特定项目的折扣，以便诱导顾客携带并使用他们的“特惠顾客”卡。尽管有这样的一些刺激，许多顾客还是忘记将他们的卡带到POS。
而且，系统需要大量的硬件和软件来收集和保持所收集到的数据。常常，将顾客数据从一个远距离的零售地点传送到一个由商家维持的中心计算机。这种市场数据基础结构常常与商家的销售数据基础结构完全分离，因而导致被收集到的事务数据无用的重复处理。
       发明概述
本发明通过提供一种有效地收集和组织市场数据的系统和方法克服现有技术的缺陷。
在一个最佳实施方案中，本发明在POS上同时获得有关一个特定顾客事务的所有财务上的和非财务上的数据。从被获得的数据制作一张电子发票并通过为发送对此事务的信用授权请求必定要建立的一种通信链路将它发送到信用授权地点。该电子发票包含每个被采购项目的行项目数据作为事务的部分。该发票围绕由顾客支付此事务所采用的付款手段的识别号码来编制，因而将包含在发票中的采购信息与一个特定的顾客相联系。
信用授权地点接收所发送的电子发票交将此发票转交到数据库，它可以位于远离信用授权地点的一个地方。该数据库包括用于存贮接收到的数据的多种相关的数据结构。该相关数据结构允许简单和灵活的分析与检索收集到的市场数据。
       附图简述
当采用以下的详述连同附图时，将会更好地理解以上的发明概述，其中：
图1是适于实现本发明的第一最佳实施方案的一种系统结构的方框图，其中销售事务通过互联网进行。
图2是适于实现本发明的第二最佳实施方案的一种系统结构的方框图，其中销售事务在一台实际的POS上进行。
图3是描述本发明第一最佳实施方案操作的一张流程图。
图4是在一份电子发票中用于行项目目录的一种最佳实施方案的简要表示。
图5是描述本发明第二最佳实施方案操作的一张流程图。
图6是用于存储收集的市场数据的一种数据库可能结构的方框图。
       最佳 实施方案详述
图1示出适于在一种互联网采购环境中实现本发明的有效市场数据收集系统的一种系统结构。如图1所示，此结构包括一个顾客终端105，典型情况下位于顾客的家中或工作场所。顾客终端105装有一台调制解调器11O。调制解调器110可以是位于顾客终端105内部的一个内部调制解调器或者按另一种方案可以包括一个外部调制解调器。顾客终端105可以还装有一台付款手段扫描器107，其用途将在以下描述。
该结构还包括通常标记为115的一个POS位置。POS位置115包括一台适合于接收和处理由商家放置的命令的POS计算机120。与POS计算机120有联系的是一个存货数据库127，其中存储着与商家的存货有关的信息，例如，在商家存货库中的货物类型，货物数量，和货物价格。POS计算机120进一步装有一台第一调制解调器125和第二调制解调器130。
POS位置115可还包括一台连接到POS计算机120的运输部计算机135。正如以下将详述的那样，运输部计算机135接收用于由POS计算机120放置的定单的发单并跟踪定单的装货和运输。顾客终端105和POS计算机120被适配成允许通过互联网在它们之间通信。如在技术上已知的，这种连接一般是通过一个或多个互联网入口建立的。举例说明，如图1中所示，顾客终端105在典型情况下被通过电话线145连到第一互联网网关150。同样，POS计算机120在典型情况下被通过电话线160连到第二互联网网关155。网关150和155在典型情况下被通过互联网主干线140相连。
网关150和155典型情况下由互联网服务提供者操作，有偿提供对互联网的访问。另一种方案是，大商家可以拥有和维持它自己的互联网网关。在这种情况下，POS计算机120典型情况下可通过一条专用数据线直接连到互联网网关155。
在其他的实施方案中，顾客计算机105可通过直接的拨号连接连到POS计算机120。
图1的结构还包括典型情况下位于远离POS地点115的一个地方的信用授权场所165。信用授权场所165典型情况下由财务机构拥有和操作，该财务机构颁发顾客支付在P0S采购的项目所采用的付款手段，将在以下作更详细的描述。信用授权场所165最好包括一台信用授权计算机170，它接收来自POS计算机120的信用授权请求，评估接收到的请求，和将交易授权或交易拒绝发送到POS计算机120，这取决于各种参数，例如是否所请求的信用线超过顾客的信用限。
信用授权计算机170装有一台调制解调器175。典型情况下，POS计算机120和信用授权计算机被适配成允许通过电话线180和调制解调器130，175在它们之间通信。另一种方案是，可以采用其他的传输途径用于信用请求和授权的通信。
也示于图1中的是一个数据库185，它可位于信用授权场所165或另一种方案，可位于远离信用授权场所165的一个地方。如以下将详细描述的那样，数据库185存储着关于在销售点例如POS115发生的交易的详细市场数据。
转到图2，在此示出用作说明较通常的设置的另一种结构，其中顾客在交易时实际上位于POS。正如将被承认的是，两种采购环境的结构共同使用许多公共部件，在图1和2中类似的部件已经用类似的参考数字标记。
因此，如图2中所示，实际的POS环境包括与存货数据库127和运输部计算机135有联系的POS计算机120。同样，POS120被通过调制解调器130和电话线180连到信用授权场所165。
另外，实际的POS环境还包括一个产品扫描器205，用于将代表被顾客采购的项目的识别码扫描到POS计算机中。另一种方案是，系统可以包括一个键盘210或其他用于扫描这种信息的数据输入设备215。系统还装有一台付款手段扫描器220，用于将识别号码和与顾客的付款手段有关的PIN扫描到POS计算机120中。
在实际的POS环境中，顾客在典型情况下将把他希望购买的项目收集在篮子或小车中，并将它们带到POS终端所在的一个特定的位置。商家的雇员使用产品扫描器205将印在项目上的条形码或其他的产品标识符扫描到POS计算机120中。另一种方案是，雇员可人工地通过键盘21O或其他的数据输入设备215将识别所购买的项目的信息输入。
现在将结合图3描述，在互联网采购环境中本发明有效的市场数据收集系统的一种最佳实施方案的操作。如图3所示，在步骤302中，顾客通过互联网主干线140建立与POS计算机120的链路。为了建立这条链路，顾客典型的做法是在他的互联网帐户上注册并被提供通过互联网网关150访问互联网。然后，顾客进入零售商的网址的网地址并通过互联网网关155连到此网址。
在步骤304，顾客选择他希望购买的项目。作为说明，商家的网址可以包括一个显示关于供销售的项目信息的接口，并可以，例如，允许顾客通过在图标上点击或打入识别号码或特定项目的名称来选择采购的项目。同样，此接口可允许顾客点击或另外的方法辨别他想要购买的每个项目的数量。
在步骤306，顾客输入他想用来支付要采购的项目的付款手段的识别号码。典型情况下输入这种信息以响应来自商家的网址的提示符，可被人工地输入，或另一种方案是可通过将付款手段经付款手段扫描器107摆动来输入。由顾客采用的付款手段最好是智能卡。另一种方案是，付款手段可以是磁条纹卡，例如作为信用卡，付费卡，或记帐卡，或任何其他需要对事务授权验证的付款手段所采用的那些卡。如在该技术上已知的，智能卡提供比传统的磁条纹卡增强的安全性，因为典型的做法是它们被制造成防止通过电子仪器和物理拆卸进行物理探查。另外，智能卡可以采用对称的或不对称的密码软件，以便增加在智能卡和商家之间通信的安全性。
除了载体(Vehicle)的识别号码以外，付款载体信息通常包括PIN，它的功用是保证采用付款载体的人被授权如此做。
在步骤308，POS计算机从由顾客输入的信息建立一份电子发票。该发票包括与顾客所采购的项目有关的行项目目录。在目录中的每个行项目表列值包括被采购的项目的本身性质，项目的价格，和该项目被采购的数目。典型的做法是，该项目的本身性质由识别码表示，例如UPC号码，由POS计算机从存货数据库127检索。一种用于行项目目录的图示安排示于图4中。正如本领域的技术人员将会认识到的那样，在图4中所示的特定的区仅仅是用作说明，另外的或不同的区可被替换地采用来为一种特定的环境定做行项目目录。
如图4中所示，一种典型的行项目目录可包括以下的区：
日期区，存储发生交易的日期；
时间区，存储发生交易的时间；
零售场所识别区，存储典型情况下由信用授权场所165分配的一个唯一的标识符，以便识别提交行项目目录的零售场所；
付款手段标识符，存储由顾客为支付此交易所用的付款手段的识别号码；
发票号码区，存储由零售商分配的用于行项目目录的一个唯一的标识符；
总额区，存储此交易的总金额；
项目数区，存储被采购的不同项目数；
产品标识符区，存储被采购的产品的一个唯一的标识符(典型情况下是UPC或其他标准码)；
数量区，存储被采购产品的数量；
单价区，存储被采购产品的价格；
总价区，存储用于每个被购产品的数量区和单价区的乘积；和
备注区，存储有关此交易商家可能有的注解。
也可以为此交易的其他方面建立行项目表列值，例如说，零售商折扣，等。如图4中所示，这样的行项目表列值可以包括识别此项目的一个唯一的字母数字码(如，“T-A-X”)并被存储在产品的识别区中。项目总数(如，税)也可存储在总价区中。
在步骤31O，在POS计算机120中的程序存储区建立一个用于传送到信用授权场所165的发票分组。此发票分组包括以上所描述的行项目目录。该发票分组还包括对来自信用授权场所165授权的请求。对授权的请求，典型情况下包括顾客的付款载体的识别号码和PIN以及销售总额。
在步骤312，该发票分组被传送到信用授权场所165。在现有技术中，从商家传送到信用授权计算机170仅有一种用途：请求对一项交易的授权。相反，本发明的发票分组的用途有两种：首先，请求从信用授权场所165对此项交易的授权，其次，将涉及此交易的行项目目录发送到信用授权场所165。用这种方法，本发明有效地利用与信用授权场所165建立的通信链路，同时将包括涉及此交易的全部市场数据的行项目目录传送到此。
在决策步骤314，信用授权计算机170确定是否批准从POS计算机120接收到的信用请求。这种决定，典型情况下包括确定是否在发票上列举的项目的总金额超过顾客的信用限的步骤。如果顾客的信用限被超过，则决策步骤314失败和系统进行到步骤316，其中信用授权计算机170通过线路180发送拒绝消息到POS计算机120。在步骤318，POS计算机120接收来自信用授权计算机120的拒绝消息并取消此项交易。商家在典型情况下也可采取与拒绝对信用授权的请求有关的，在技术上已知的其他步骤。
如果，在另一方面，顾客的信用限并未超过，那末决策步骤314成功和系统进行到步骤320，其中信用授权计算机170通过线路180发送信用批准到POS计算机。同时，在步骤322，信用授权计算机170典型情况下，采取与批准财务事务有关的另外的薄记工作。例如，如该技术上已知的那样，信用授权计算机170，典型情况下通过将此项交易的总额记入顾客信用限的借方来更新顾客的帐目。
根据接收到来自信用授权场所165的交易授权，在步骤324，商家开始完成此项销售的步骤。典型情况下这些步骤包括对顾客的确认和准备供装运的定单。
在步骤326，信用授权计算机170将从POS计算机120接收到的发票分组复制品传送到数据库185。如上所述，此发票分组含由顾客采购的每个项目上的行项目信息以及顾客支付此项交易所使用的付款载体的识别号码。在步骤328，数据库185对接收到的发票分组进行处理并将包含在其中的市场数据存贮到关系数据库中，将在以下进行更详细的描述。
因此，本发明便于收集详细的行项目采购信息，该信息以在此以前不可能的方式，通过他的付款载体识别号码与一个特定的顾客相链接。尤其是，因为付款载体被用作该项交易的中心标识符，在行项目目录中的每个项目特别与各个顾客连在一起。另外，因为行项目目录被作为包括信用授权请求的发票分组的一部分发送的，本发明通过允许市场数据在一个中心场所里被收集，不需要另外的从POS到一个中心数据库的通信，使得市场数据能有效地收集。
现在将结合图5描述在实际的采购环境中，本发明有效市场数据收集系统的一种最佳实施方案。
如图5所示，在步骤502，一个顾客进入由一个商家维持的一个零售场所。在步骤504，顾客选择要采购的项目并将它们带到一个销售点终端。也在步骤504，一个商家的雇员使用产品扫描器205将印在项目上的条形码或其他的码扫描到销售点计算机120中。另一种方案，雇员可人工地通过键盘210或其他的数据输入设备215输入识别被采购项目的信息。在步骤506，顾客让商家辩认支付所选的项目所使用的付款手段。典型情况下，顾客可将付款载体交给商家的一个雇员或按另一种办法，将付款载体经位于靠近销售点计算机120的付款载体扫描器220摇摆(swipe)。
在本发明的实际采购环境中执行的其余步骤与以上描述的在线采购环境中执行的步骤是相同的。在图3和5中相对应的步骤由相对应的数字来辩认。
本发明也提供一种新型的用于收集到的市场数据的关系存贮方案，这种方案便于数据分析。正如以下将要描述的那样，数据被存储在一种被设计成便于灵活与细致的数据检索的关系数据库中。用作说明本发明的一种最佳的关系数据库的略图示于图6中。
如图6所示，数据库185包括用于存贮接收到的电子发票内容的第一数据结构600，数据库185为每份从信用授权场所165接收到的电子发票在数据结构600中建立一个新的记录。在一种最佳实施方案中，该记录可包括以下各区：
零售场所识别区，存储典型情况下由信用授权场所165分配的唯一的标识符，以便辩认提交此电子发票的零售场所；
发票识别区，存储由零售商分配的用于发票的一个唯一的标识符；
付款载体识别区，存储顾客支付此交易所采用的付款载体的识别号码；
发票号码区，存储由数据库185分配的用于此发票的一个唯一的标识符；
日期区，存储发生交易的日期；和
总额区，存储该交易的总金额。
数据库185最好还包括一个数据结构601，用于存储接收到的电子发票上有关每个行项目的信息。当数据库185接收到一份电子发票时，它为发票上的每个行项目建立一个新的记录。在一种最佳实施方案中，该记录可包括以下各区：
发票识别区，存储由零售商分配的用于发票的唯一的标识符；
产品码区，典型情况下是用于所购项目的UPC或其他标准码；
发票号码区，存储由数据库185分配的用于此发票的唯一的标识符；
行项目总额区，存储行项目表列值的总金额。
数据库185还包括一种数据结构602，存储用于存储在数据库185中的每个产品的通用识别码。现在将描述这种数据结构的用途和为它设计的一种最佳实施方案。
UPC编码方案不可能通过类目，例如通过产品类型或等级来交叉参考市场数据。这是因为UPC不是一种等级式的编码方案。相反，每个UPC号码作为一个整体识别由一个特定的制造商制造的一个特定的产品。然而，组成码的数字并不传递任何有关该特定产品所属的产品等级的实质性信息。
相反，本发明最好采用一种等级式的编码方案，其中一个码的每个部分辨别该产品的一种重要的特性。因而，编码方案本身的结构传递有关存储在数据库185中不同产品之间关系的信息。如下所述，这种等级式的方案便于检索和分析存储在数据库185中所收集到的市场数据。这种所采用的特定的等级式方案对于实现本发明来说并不是决定性的。
在一种最佳实施方案中，本发明的等级式编码方案包括多个唯一的通用识别码，称为UIDC。每个UIDC最好以这样一种方式描述一个特定的产品或服务类目，使得该产品或服务类目的关键性特性可通过利用与类目的码有关的UIDC定义来确定。
举例说明，本发明的等级式系统可将网球鞋作为产品类目来分类并分配此产品类目一个唯一的UIDC。等级式方案可进一步将网球鞋作为一个运动鞋类的子类目来分类。运动鞋类本身可以是一个包含一般鞋类的更广泛的类目的子类目，而依次可以是一个包含所有种类的服装类更为广泛的类目的子类目。
在以上用作说明的例子中，用于网球鞋的UIDC可优先包括多个码段。第一段辨别网球鞋是属于服装类目。所有属于服装类目的产品类目共同使用这个码段。第二段辨别网球鞋是属于鞋类子类目。属于鞋类子类目的所有产品的类目共同使用这个码段。第三段辨别网球鞋是属于运动鞋的子类目，属于运动鞋子类目的所有产品类目的UIDC共同使用这个码段。第四段唯一地辨别网球鞋的产品类目，将它从运动鞋类家族中的其他产品类目区分开来。
本发明并不限于以上描述的特定的等级式编码方案，可采用任何适当的等级式码，包括并不像以上用作说明的例子那样包括多个码段的方案。
一旦一种等级式编码方案被采用，存储在库185中的每个产品或服务(通过一个唯一的UPC号码识别)被分配一个或多个对应于此产品或服务所属的产品类目的UIDC。在以上的例子中，NiKe(TM)网球鞋和Addidas(TM)网球鞋，每个与不同的UPC码有关，它们被分配相同的对应于网球鞋产品类目的UIDC。
在一种最佳实施方案中，数据结构602包含多个记录，每个记录存贮与一个通用识别码有关的数据。最好，每个记录包含以下各区：
通用识别码区，存贮用于一个产品的通用识别码；
描述区，规定在通用识别码内所包括的产品的范围；和
关键字区，存贮一组关键字，可用于便于查寻未知的码，例如，该系统可被编程检索与由用户输入的一个特定的关键字，或关键字组有关的所有UIDC。
数据库185还包括一种数据结构603，存贮有关制造商的信息。在一种最佳实施方案中，在数据结构603中的每个记录包括以下各区：
制造商识别区，存储由数据库185分配给制造商的一个唯一的标识符；和
制造商信息区，存储有关制造商的进一步信息，例如它的名称，地址，和电话号码。
数据库185还包括一种数据结构604，存储有关每个上市产品的信息并将此产品与一个或多个通用识别码相链接。正如本领域的技术人员将会认识到的那样，制造商可同时将两项或多项捆扎在一起销售，并分配给被捆扎的项目一个单一的UPC号码。在这种情况下，正如以下要描述的那样，数据结构604将两个或多个通用识别码(每个被捆扎的项目一个)与一个单一的UPC号码相联系。在一种最佳实施方案中，在数据结构604中的每个记录包括以下各区：
通用识别码区，存储用于该产品的通用识别码(或在被捆扎产品的情况下多于一个通用识别码)；
产品码区，存储用于此产品的UPC号码；
制造商识别区，存储此产品制造商的身份；
产品名称区，存储由制造商分配给此产品的名称；
描述区，存储此产品的描述；和
关键字区，存储一组关键字，有利于查寻产品，例如，该系统可被编程检索与由用户输入的一个特定的关键字，或关键字组有关的所有UIDC。
数据库185还包括一种数据结构605，存储与顾客有关的信息。在一种最佳实施方案中，在数据结构605中的每个记录包括以下各区：
顾客识别区，存储由数据库185分配给顾客的一个唯一的标识符；和
顾客信息区，存储其他有关顾客的信息，例如顾客的名字，地址，和电话号码。
数据库185还包括一种数据结构606，存储涉及零售商的信息。在一种最佳实施方案中，在数据结构606中的每个记录包括以下的各区；
零售商识别区，存储由数据库185分配给零售商的一个唯一的标识符；和
零售商信息区，存储有关零售商的进一步信息，例如零售商的名称，地址，和电话号码。
数据库185还包括一种数据结构607，它包括一个地理信息系统(GIS)。如技术上已知的那样，GIS包括一套表，根据不同的参数链接顾客群体，包括：住所，年纪，种族，家庭状况，电话号码，税金，职业，所持信用卡的号码，等。数据结构607有利于通过人口段分析存储在数据库185中的市场数据，如以下所示。例如，利用数据结构607的链接表，该系统可以产生一份在美国西南部，有四个或更多家庭人员和家庭收入至少$45，000/年的所有家庭的目录，其中家庭的一个或多个成员受一家保险公司雇用。
数据库185还包括一种数据结构608，其中将特定的付款手段链接特定的个人。在一种最佳实施方案中，在数据结构608中的每个记录包括以下各区：
载体识别号码，存储一种付款载体的识别号码；和
顾客识别号码，存储与此付款载体有关的一位顾客的识别号码。
数据库185还包括一种数据结构609，将特定的零售场所链接到特定的零售公司，因为每个零售商可维持一个以上零售场所。在一种最佳实施方案中，在数据结构609中的每个记录最好包括以下各区：
零售商识别区，存储维持此零售场所的零售商的识别号码；和
零售场所识别区，存储典型情况下由信用授权场所165分配的唯一的标识符，以便识别一个零售场所。
以上所描述的数据结构使数据库185能被灵活地利用各种检索询问进行检索。这就允许满足在数据结构600-609中的各区的值上的任何特定的约束或若干约束的组合的详细列举的市场数据可从数据库185检索。
作为说明，用户能够确定：
(1)过去24个月内网球鞋(UIDC123-456-789)的销售总数，用月份和州来分组。
(2)去年售出的由Nike(TM)制造的运动鞋的百分数。
(3)去年从Addidas(TM)和至少一个其他公司购买鞋类的每个人的名字和地址。
(4)在6/24/97到7/23/97期间由John Q。Doe利用付款手段Master卡(TM)1234 5678 9012 3456所进行的每笔采购的行项目细节。
(5)在过去三周内已经购买优惠价格范围内的跑步鞋，跑步衫，和跑步袜的组合的每个American Express(TM)卡持有者的目录。
(6)在所规定的价格范围内自行车头盔的总销售量。
(7)在过去六个月内被购买的所有动力工具牌子的总销售量。
本领域的技术人员将理解，如何对一台通用计算机编程交互作用方式地询问数据库185，以便获得对以上的询问，和其他事项的回音。正如本领域的技术人员将认识到的那样。本发明的系统利用几种专门的方法有利于这样一些检索。通过举例的方法不是限制，本发明的等级式编码方案允许系统在许多概念的层次上检索收集到的市场数据。如上所述，例如，对于一个特定产品类目的UIDC(例如，网球鞋)可以作为属于等级式关连的，顺序展宽的类目的一种推进来识别此产品的类目。这就使此系统能比较容易地响应不同广度的询问，从涉及单一产品或服务类目的很狭窄的询问到涉及关连的产品和服务类目的等级的较宽的询问。
应该认识到，对数据库185的专门询问受法律或其他理由的限制。例如，访问顾客专有的采购信息在某些州被法律禁止。同样，信用授权场所165在契约上可以强迫数据库185出于公共关系的原因限制顾客专有的询问，或者阻止顾客放弃由信用授权机构颁发的付款手段。
虽然已经结合特定的实施方案描述了本发明。很明白，利用以上的描述，许多替代方案，修改，和变更对本领域的技术人员来说将是明显的。

Claims (5)

1．一种收集市场信息的方法，包括：
在销售点，收集关于一项或多项交易的行项目数据；
在销售点和信用授权场所之间建立通信链路；
通过通信链路将信用授权请求从销售点发送到信用授权场所；
通过通信链路将行项目数据从销售点发送到信用授权场所。
2．如权利要求1的方法，其中销售点是一个互联网的网址。
3．如权利要求1的方法，其中行项目数据包括用于每个行项目的UPC号码，该方法还包括：
在远离销售点的一个场所存储由销售点发送来的行项目数据；
根据该项目的UPC号码识别用于每个行项目的产品或服务的类目标识符；
存储与由此被识别的行项目链接的每个产品或服务的类目标识符。
4．一种用于组织市场数据的系统，包括：
销售点计算机；
信用授权计算机；
链接销售点计算机和信用授权计算机的通信链路；
连到信用授权计算机的数据存储器；
位于数据存储器中并包括多种数据结构的数据库；
其中至少一种数据结构存储有关一件或多件由销售点计算机执行并报告给信用授权计算机的交易的行项目信息；和
至少一种第二数据结构存储指明支付此交易所使用的付款载体的信息；
用于此交易的付款载体信息被链接到用于此交易的行项目信息。
5．权利要求4的系统，其中数据存储器位于远离信用授权计算机的地方。
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