CN1272942C - 在场信息的方法和系统 - Google Patents

在场信息的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN1272942C
CN1272942C CNB011197056A CN01119705A CN1272942C CN 1272942 C CN1272942 C CN 1272942C CN B011197056 A CNB011197056 A CN B011197056A CN 01119705 A CN01119705 A CN 01119705A CN 1272942 C CN1272942 C CN 1272942C
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user
signal
call
availability
user terminal
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CN1324165A (zh
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W·B·克雷内德
H·L·特鲁昂
L·S·休斯勒
Y·杜潘彻尔
M·格拉夫
G·德姆勒
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q3/00Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/0016Arrangements providing connection between exchanges
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/22Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
    • H04M3/2272Subscriber line supervision circuits, e.g. call detection circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/42195Arrangements for calling back a calling subscriber
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/42229Personal communication services, i.e. services related to one subscriber independent of his terminal and/or location
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/0024Services and arrangements where telephone services are combined with data services
    • H04M7/0042Services and arrangements where telephone services are combined with data services where the data service is a text-based messaging service
    • H04M7/0048Services and arrangements where telephone services are combined with data services where the data service is a text-based messaging service where the text-based messaging service is a Short Message Service
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/12Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal
    • H04M7/1205Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal where the types of switching equipement comprises PSTN/ISDN equipment and switching equipment of networks other than PSTN/ISDN, e.g. Internet Protocol networks
    • H04M7/125Details of gateway equipment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/12Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal
    • H04M7/1205Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal where the types of switching equipement comprises PSTN/ISDN equipment and switching equipment of networks other than PSTN/ISDN, e.g. Internet Protocol networks
    • H04M7/1295Details of dual tone multiple frequency signalling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/04Real-time or near real-time messaging, e.g. instant messaging [IM]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2203/00Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M2203/45Aspects of automatic or semi-automatic exchanges related to voicemail messaging
    • H04M2203/4536Voicemail combined with text-based messaging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2242/00Special services or facilities
    • H04M2242/30Determination of the location of a subscriber
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13098Mobile subscriber
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13152Callback
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13173Busy signals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13196Connection circuit/link/trunk/junction, bridge, router, gateway
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13209ISDN
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13336Store & forward, messaging systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13389LAN, internet
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04QSELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13405Dual frequency signaling, DTMF

Abstract

在互连传统电话系统与至少一个现场系统的远程通信系统中运行可用性服务的方法,该电话系统包括多个终端,其某些终端是可用性服务的用户终端,该方法包括针对用户终端呼叫状态从存在呼叫到没有呼叫的变化连续地监视各用户终端;在用户终端呼叫状态从存在呼叫变成没有呼叫时生成第一或“高可用性”信号;监视始于上述第一信号的时间间隔;在该间隔内预定时间τ后生成第二或“可用性未知”信号;并使可用性信号为任一互连的在场系统所接入。

Description

在场信息的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及使传统电话系统即公共业务电话系统(PSTN)、综合业务数字网(ISDN)或移动电话系统(MTS)的用户将有关他或她在互联的存在系统中的在场或可用性的信息发布给例如最好是因特网在场服务的方法和系统。
背景技术
在电话环境中,不仅是从用户(该用户需要与另一用户互相通信)的观点来看,而且从服务提供商的观点(即产生回报的需要)来看,使呼叫能够成功都是十分重要的。还存在有阻止不成功呼叫的要求。无论因为被叫用户忙或者因为被叫用户不予应答,使得主叫用户需要一再重拨号码都是浪费性的,因为,不成功的呼叫尝试通常都不付费,尽管它们消耗了大量的网络资源。
在上述情况下,可用诸如“完成对忙用户的呼叫”(CCBS)、“完成无应答的呼叫”(CCNR)、回叫等多种辅助服务来帮助主叫用户。
为了实现上述服务,所述系统通常监视被叫用户的状态并在被叫用户不再忙(在CCBS情况下)或在被叫用户再次可用(在CCNR情况下)时重新尝试呼叫。
但是,这种辅助服务在公用电话网中实际上没有开展,因为,这些服务需要用户与交换机之间以及交换机之间的复杂交互。即使在更为现代化的专用分支交换机(PBX)环境中,也仅仅是将这种服务提供给与同一PBX相连的用户。
“在场”是一种目前因特网中业已流行的通信模式。它是这样一种服务,这种服务允许用户“A”声明他对另一用户“B”的在场或可用性信息感兴趣。用户“A”被认为是预订了用户“B”的“在场信息”。用户“B”的终端发布有关用户“B”的“在场信息”。这种服务每当用户“B”的“在场信息”出现变化时都要向用户“A”传递通知。
例如,就因特网而言,有关一个用户的“在场信息就是有关该用户在场的信息,从更严格的意义上说,是有关他/她与远程通信系统相交互的可用性程度的信息。例如,这种信息可包括用户当前是否是在因特网上。
但是,就申请人所知,目前接受因特网在场服务的用户还不可能获得有关传统电话系统用户的类似或等价的在场信息。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种用于将传统电话系统用户的可用性指示提供给互连的在场服务(例如因特网在场系统)的用户的方法和系统。
更具体地说,本发明目的在于提供这样一种方法和系统,它们允许传统电话系统用户发布有关她/他的可用性信息,以便能够与任何互连的在场系统的用户进行通信,从而,可以将所述用户的所述可用性通知给业已预订了传统电话用户的可用性信息的因特网用户。
依照本发明的第一总体实施例,上述目的和优点可以通过以下记载的方法来获得:
一种用于在将传统电话系统与至少一个在场系统互连起来的远程通信系统中运行可用性服务的方法,所述传统电话系统包括多个终端,这些终端中的至少某些终端是所述可用性服务的用户的终端,所说的方法包括:
(a)针对用户终端的呼叫状态从存在有呼叫到没有呼叫的变化连续地监视各个用户终端;
(b)当所述用户终端的呼叫状态从前述存在有呼叫变成没有呼叫时,生成一个第一或“高可用性”信号;
(c)监视始于上述第一信号的时间间隔;
(d)在所述间隔内的预定时间τ之后,生成一个第二或“可用性未知”信号;以及
(e)使上述可用性信号能为任一个互连的在场系统所接入。
本发明的所述方法的最佳实施例包括:
(1)所述传统电话系统通过网关与至少一个在场系统相连,所述方法还包括:
(f)所述网关接收来自上述用户终端的电话呼叫;以及
(g)在接收到来自前述用户终端的电话呼叫时生成所述第一或“高可用性”信号。
(2)所述传统电话系统通过网关与至少一个在场系统相连,所述方法还包括:
(h)所述网关接收电话呼叫并接收来自上述用户终端的DTMF信号;
(i)当接收到来自前述用户终端的电话呼叫和以DFMF信号形式表示的用户标识码时,生成所述第一或“高可用性”信号。
(3)所述传统电话系统通过网关与至少一个在场系统相连,所述方法还包括:
(j)所述网关接收来自上述用户终端的SMS消息;
(k)当接收到来自来自上述用户终端的SMS消息时生成所述第一或“高可用性”信号。
(4)由所述传统电话系统的被预定的用户限定上述间隔中的预定时间τ。
依照第二总体实施例,本发明提供了一种用于运行可用性服务的系统,即:
一种用于在将传统电话系统与至少一个现场系统互连起来的远程通信系统中运行可用性服务的系统,所述传统电话系统包括多个终端,这些终端中的至少某些终端是所述可用性服务的用户的终端,所说的系统包括:
(A)用于针对上述用户终端的呼叫状态从存在有呼叫到没有呼叫的变化连续地监视各个用户终端的装置;
(B)用于在所述用户终端的呼叫状态从前述存在有呼叫状态变成没有呼叫状态时生成一个第一或“高可用性”信号的装置;
(C)用于监视始于上述第一信号的时间间隔的装置;
(D)用于在所述间隔内的预定时间τ之后生成一个第二或“可用性未知”信号的装置;以及
(E)用于使上述可用性信号能为任一互连的在场系统所接入的装置。
本发明的所述系统的最佳实施例包括:
(1)所述系统包括至少一个网关,它用于将传统电话系统与任一在场系统互连起来。
(2)设置有至少一个网关,以使传统电话系统与任一个在场系统互连起来。
(3)所述网关包括一用于实现上述可用性服务的程序。
依照又一个实施例,本发明提供了一种用于运行可用性服务的设备,即:
一种用于在将传统电话系统与至少一个现场系统互连起来的远程通信系统中运行可用性服务的设备,所述传统电话系统包括多个终端,这些终端中的至少某些终端是所述可用性服务的用户的终端,所说的设备包括:
(A)用于针对上述用户终端的呼叫状态从存在有呼叫到没有呼叫的变化连续地监视各个用户终端的装置;
(B)用于在所述用户终端的呼叫状态从前述存在有呼叫状态变成没有呼叫状态时生成一个第一或“高可用性”信号的装置;
(C)用于监视始于上述第一信号的时间间隔的装置;
(D)用于在所述间隔内的预定时间τ之后生成一个第二或“可用性未知”信号的装置。
对技术术语的定义和优选实施方案的讨论
一般地说,传统电话系统收集有关它们用户的在场信息,但仅用于内部目的而不向它们的用户提供在场服务。例如,PSTN可监视用户电话线的状态并确定用户是否忙。电话线从忙状态到空闲状态的事件就是一种供本发明使用的信息。这种信息是重要的,因为,该信息表示在随后的一段时间里(例如以后的几秒或几分钟内)用户应答呼叫的可能性很大。
此外,移动电话网络能提供这样一种程序,该程序用于使移动电话在其能进行呼叫或接收呼叫之前在基站中注册。所述网络跟踪该注册状态。移动电话已注册但未处于通话之中也是能供本发明使用的另一种信息。这种信息是重要的,因为,该信息表示用户应答呼叫的可能性很大。
一般地说,一个PTSN用户可能处于两种情况,即或者是忙或者是不忙。就本发明而言,表示从忙转换到不忙的信号表示在随后的一段时间τ内用户能够应答到来的呼叫,并且从本发明角度来说是在场的可能性较高。但是,应该注意,术语“用户在场”不一定是指物理上的实际在场,而是表示用户的“可用性”。这种区别是很重要的,这是因为“在场”是一个“数字”概念,因为,用户可以在场或者也可以不在场。另一方面,“可用性”可被认为是“分等级的”,因此,可限定用户可用性的程度,例如“高”、“中”、“低”可用度。为此,本文使用术语“可用性信号”而不是“在场信号”,尽管这两个术语可按同义的方式来使用。
本文用下述术语和概念来限定PSTN的在场或可用性状态:
-“忙”:是一个表示用户当前正处于通话的信号。
-“可能可用”:是一个表示用户刚才处于通话但目前是空闲的、而且用户可能应答将要到来的呼叫的信号。这种状态或信号相应地被称为“高可用性”状态或信号并且能如以下所述那样在特定时间段“τ”之后变成“可用性未知”。
-“可用性未知”是一个表示用户的不忙状态已持续了>τ的时间段的状态或信号。
时间段τ是本发明系统的可配置变量并且可在若干分钟到小时之间变化。应该认识到,用户处在不忙的时间越长,用户能应答到来的呼叫的可能性就越小。
此外,所述系统或用户可配备有将用户状况“重置”成“未知”的装置,例如,用户可生成一特定信号,例如拨打一个为该目的保留的特定代码。
用本发明的系统或方法发布的在场或可用性状态的重要优点是,用户可通过非常简单的相互作用来影响他的状态:用户可通过短暂摘机而使其状态变成“可能可用”的状态。不需要键入复杂和难以记忆的接入码。
对于移动电话系统的用户,引入了“未注册”这样一种额外的状态以便考虑移动用户的注册状态。优选的是,移动电话系统的用户应能设置成比PSTN用户更长的值T。
附图说明
以下参照附图详细地说明本发明用于将传统电话系统用户的在场或可用性发布给因特网在场服务(在场发布系统,或简称PPS)的系统,在附图中:
图1是本发明系统的图;
图2是显示PSTN用户的在场状态的转换图;
图3示出了移动电话用户的在场状态;
图4说明了本发明PPS的部件;以及
图5说明了可用性状态的转变。
具体实施方式
具体地说,图1是本发明系统1的概略图,所述系统包括一个传统电话系统10。多个终端(T1...T10)与传统电话系统1相连。所述终端中的至少某些终端(例如T1、T2)是本发明所提供的可用性服务的用户。传统电话系统10通过网关12与至少一个在场系统(例如因特网的在场服务)相连。
网关12可用于运行可用性服务程序,以便实现本发明的可用性服务的操作,这种专用程序被设计成能针对用户终端的连接状态从高可用性到可用性未知的变化来连续地监视各个用户终端T1、T2,并在出现这种变化时促使传递一个状态变化信号,此外,所述程序还被设计成能寄存用于终止上述可用性信号的预定的时间段τ。
图2示出了PSTN用户的在场状态的转换图,图3示出了移动电话用户的在场状态。引入一新状态“未注册”以便考虑移动用户的注册状态。另一个差异是τ值,它可被设置成比PSTN用户的大。
这样限定的在场或可用性状态的优点是,用户可通过非常简单的接口来改变他的状态:用户可通过短暂摘机而使其状态变成“高可用性”的状态,不需要键入复杂和难以记忆的接入码。
图4说明了将电话用户的在场信息发布给因特网在场服务所需的部件。假定存在有因特网在场服务,它包括:
-多个在场服务器,这些服务器用于存储和发布在场信息;以及
-多个在场客户机,这些客户机将在场信息发布给上述服务器并从上述服务器存取在场信息。这种在场服务(特别是必要的客户机-服务器和服务器-服务器协议)的技术要求对本领域的技术人员来说是周知的,无需作进一步的详述。此外,参照与本申请书同日提交的共同未决的专利申请书第__号(文档号SZ9-99-035/CH8-1997-0039)。这种在场服务的总体基本要求是:它应能支持本文所限定的这种在场或可用性信息。
此外,假定与用户电话相连的本地交换机能提供以下功能:
-持续地监视与本地交换机相连的电话用户的状态;以及
-将“不忙”(非激活)和“忙”(激活)事件指示给“网关”。
根据接收自本地交换机的事件,网关如图2所示那样构建电话用户的在场状态。应该注意,将计时器显示为是在网关中实现的,以便简化本地交换机的功能。但是,这并不是关键的要求,也可在系统的其它部分(例如上述模块中)很好地实现所述计时器。
再有,网关例如通过使用所述特定因特网在场服务的协议将该在场状态发布给因特网在场服务器。
因特网用户可用在场客户机来访问存储在在场服务器中的传统电话用户的在场或可用性信息。根据这种信息,可以确定在何时(例如仅在电话用户处于“高可用性”状态时)向电话用户发起电话呼叫。
在这方面还应注意,传统电话用户可控制并确定在哪里和由谁(或由哪一个终端)来观察该用户的在场或可用性信息。例如,这可由适当的因特网在场客户机来实现。但是,实现这一具体目标的精确方式并不被认为是本发明的基本特征。
还可为移动用户限定与图4所示且如上所述的系统相类似的系统,该系统可包括下列的不同/改进:
-用包括基站在内的移动交换系统来代替本地交换机;
-移动用户的在场信息如图3所示;
-所述移动交换系统还要将“注册”和“取消注册”事件报告给网关。
还可将本发明的系统和方法实现为不包括本地交换机,也就是说,本地交换机对本发明的系统是透明。
所需的系统部件与图4所示的相同,其不同在于,本地交换机不将“非激活”(与“不忙”相同)和“激活”(与“忙”相同)事件提供给网关。在没有这两种信息的情况下,电话用户的在场信息需要被降至例如图5所示的状态。
此外,电话用户本身将有关其状态的变化通知给网关。各种装置对本领域的技术人员来说是周知的,以下实例表示非限制性的选择。
实例1
用户只要拨打网关、接听几次振铃并挂机。网关不对呼叫应答,但从被包括在进入的SETUP(建立)消息内的主叫方号码可获知谁正在进行呼叫,并将该相应的用户标记为“可能可用”。通过超时和/或通过该用户所拨打的特定代码来触发向“未知”的转换。
实例2
用户拨打网关、等待直至网关应答了呼叫并拨打(例如通过DTMF)一个特定的识别码。根据接收到的识别码,网关确定将哪个用户标记为“可能可用”。再次通过超时和/或通过该用户所拨打的特定代码来触发向“未知”的转换。此外,根据被包括在进入的SETUP消息内的主叫方号码,网关将该用户可以被实际接通的电话号码发布给因特网在场服务。因此,所述方法将一定的“移动性”范围增加给上述服务。
实例3
在这一实例中,将实例1和2的方法组合如下:如果用户在家,则他使用实例1的方法,在网关中将其家中的电话号码注册为缺省。否则,如果用户要用其它号码来接通,则用户使用实例2的方法。
实例4
ISDN或移动电话用户可用SMS服务而不是用如以上实例2中所述的“不方便的”DTMF方法来与网关通信。在这种情况下,除用户的标识码以外,用户还将一个短消息发送给在场服务器,如果这一特征受到支持的话(应该注意,大多数流行的在场服务器都不支持这一特征)。
然后将所述消息发布给预订了所述电话用户的在场信息的所有用户。这种消息的实例是“我仅在10:30之前可以被接通”。
还应注意,还可用本发明上述第一种形式的系统来实现图4所示的有所减少的在场信息。
在这种情况下,
-网关的功能被综合在本地交换机内,在这种情况下,用户仅需要拨打特定的号码,以迫使进行状态转换,或者
-本地交换机仅将用户的输入转发给网关。
尽管以上用特定的实施例公开了本发明,但是,要强调的是,本发明的范围并不局限于这些实施例,本发明的范围是根据后附权利要求构成的。

Claims (5)

1、一种用于在将传统电话系统(10)与至少一个在场系统(11)互连起来的远程通信系统(1)中运行可用性服务的方法,所述传统电话系统包括多个终端(T1...T10),这些终端中的至少某些终端(T1,T2)是所述可用性服务的用户的终端,所说的方法包括:
(a)针对用户终端的呼叫状态从存在有呼叫到没有呼叫的变化连续地监视各个用户终端(T1、T2);
(b)当所述用户终端的呼叫状态从前述存在有呼叫变成没有呼叫时,生成一个第一或“高可用性”信号;
(c)监视始于上述第一信号的时间间隔;
(d)在所述间隔内的预定时间τ之后,生成一个第二或“可用性未知”信号;以及
(e)使上述可用性信号能为任一个互连的在场系统所接入。
2、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述传统电话系统通过网关(12)与至少一个在场系统相连,所述方法还包括:
(f)所述网关接收来自上述用户终端的电话呼叫;以及
(g)在接收到来自前述用户终端的电话呼叫时生成所述第一或“高可用性”信号。
3、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述传统电话系统通过网关(12)与至少一个在场系统相连,所述方法还包括:
(h)所述网关接收电话呼叫并接收来自上述用户终端的DTMF信号;
(i)当接收到来自前述用户终端的电话呼叫和以DFMF信号形式表示的用户标识码时,生成所述第一或“高可用性”信号。
4、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述传统电话系统通过网关(12)与至少一个在场系统相连,所述方法还包括:
(j)所述网关接收来自上述用户终端的SMS消息;
(k)当接收到来自来自上述用户终端的SMS消息时生成所述第一或“高可用性”信号。
5、如权利要求1-4中任何一项的方法,其特征在于,由所述传统电话系统的被预定的用户限定上述间隔中的预定时间τ。
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