CN1265867C - 清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 abstract 10
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/024—Hollow fibre modules with a single potted end
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/04—Backflushing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/18—Use of gases
- B01D2321/185—Aeration
Abstract
公开一种清洗滤膜过滤组件(5)的方法。该组件(5)包括至少一个或者多个滤膜(7)，该滤膜(7)配置在进液容器(6)中，并在垂直隔开的上端板(8)和下端板(9)之间纵向延伸，该滤膜(7)的两端封装在这些端板上。不是在所有情况下均需要下端板(9)，滤膜(7)可以只垂直悬挂在上端板(8)上。该滤膜(7)具有进行过滤操作的渗透壁，其中，进液中脏物在滤膜壁的一个侧面上滤出，而滤出液从滤膜壁的另一侧面上流出。上端板(8)和下端板(9)中的一个端板或者两个端板具有一个或多个开孔(10)。该方法包括以下步骤：暂停过滤操作；对滤膜壁进行清洗操作，将滤膜壁上的脏物冲到该滤膜周围的液体中；冲洗大体平行于纵向延伸膜(7)的进液容器(6)，使包含冲洗下来的脏物的液体至少部分经端板(8、9)上的开孔(10)排出，或者在只使用上端板(8)时，经过滤组件中的开口12排出；然后重新开始过滤操作。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于过滤含高浓度颗粒物的液体的滤膜过滤系统，具体涉及一种改进这种系统过滤效率的方法和装置，改进的方法是提供一种改进的滤膜清洗系统。
背景技术
在滤膜过滤法中，用于在物理上清洗滤膜的方法是很重要的。有效的滤膜清洗方法可以保持滤膜的稳定渗透率和减少用化学方法清洗的次数。在物理上清洗滤膜的普通方法是用渗出液/滤出液或者气体进行逆流冲洗(也称作“回洗”或者“反冲洗”)。通常用逆流冲洗方法将堵塞滤膜孔的固体颗粒物冲出来，并部分地除去在滤膜表面上形成的滤饼。在过滤高浓度固体颗粒物流体的系统中，系统很快而且很严重地变脏，特别是在滤膜密集地装在过滤组件中时。
用加压气体进行逆流冲洗已经证明是很有效的清洗方法，现在已广泛地用在微过滤处理方面。这种方法的限制是滤膜孔的孔径。用渗出液逆流冲洗滤膜对孔的孔径没有任何限制，但是逆流冲洗效率一般低于用气体的逆流冲洗效率，而且跨膜压力(TMP)的恢复不足以补偿堵塞速度。可以采用另外的方法来提高逆流冲洗效率，例如在逆流冲洗渗透液中加入化学物质，或者同时采用气体洗涤法。
Maruyama等在日本专利No.JP2031200中公开一种空心织物滤膜逆流冲洗方法。这种方法包括以下步骤：停止过滤；用空气洗涤滤膜；充满滤膜容器；在加压空气下用滤出液逆向冲洗；排出废物。重复这一过程可以达到较高的效率。Sunaoka等在美国专利No.5209852中说明一种清洗过滤组件中空心织物滤膜的方法。这种方法采用两级空气洗涤和排放来清洗滤膜。
为了尽量减小成本和少占地，滤膜过滤组件通常做成具有很高的滤膜充填密度，滤膜通常为织物形状。这样可以增加滤膜的面积，以便在组件中进行过滤。然而充填密度越高，要从滤膜束上有效洗去在过滤期间捕获的固体颗粒便越困难。因此，改进逆流冲洗期间除去固体颗粒的效率便可以过滤更高颗粒物浓度的液体，或者可以应用更高的滤膜充填密度，由此降低处理成本。
在先有技术的织物滤膜系统中，通常除去固体颗粒的方法是，使水从过滤组件的一端流到另一端，进行冲洗，然后经侧面出口流出过滤组件。在这种情况下，首先沿着织物冲洗固体颗粒，将其冲洗到过滤组件的出口端，但是固体颗粒必须越过织物束，流出过滤组件。在固体颗粒物浓度高时，使流体改变方向并垂直于织物束流动而流出过滤组件的这种要求可能造成固体颗粒物在出口附近聚集，因为织物趋向于像条纹过滤器那样作用，容易捕集固体粒子，或者阻碍这些固体粒子从过滤组件的出口排出。
本发明概要
本发明设法克服或者至少减轻先有技术的一个或者多个问题，或者至少提供一种有效的代用方法。
按照一个方面，本发明提供一种清洗滤膜过滤组件的方法，上述过滤组件包括一个或者多个滤膜，该滤膜配置在进液容器中，并在垂直隔开的上端板和下端板之间纵向延伸，滤膜的端部封装在该上、下端板上，该滤膜具有渗透壁，该壁进行过滤操作，进液中的脏物在滤膜的一侧面上滤出，而滤出液从滤膜壁的另一侧面流出，上述上端板和/或者下端板中的至少一个端板上具有一个或多个开孔，该方法包括：
a)暂停过滤操作；
b)对滤膜壁进行清洗处理，将其上的脏物冲到滤膜周围的液体中；
c)冲洗基本上平行于纵向延伸滤膜的进液容器，排出包含冲下脏物的液体，至少部分经端板上的开口排出；
d)重新开始过滤操作。
该开口最好形成在下端板上，而滤出液从上端板抽出。最好还采用这些开口将气体引入到过滤组件中，以便在上述清洗过程中产生洗涤滤膜表面的气泡。这种冲洗操作可以在清洗操作的同时进行。这种冲洗最好是高速冲洗。
本发明在过滤组件槽中的一个槽中形成孔或者开口，使得在逆流冲洗过程中，从滤膜上冲洗下来的固体颗粒物在流出过滤组件时继续平行于滤膜流动。因此可以显著降低或者消除需要使固体颗粒物越过织物束经侧部出口流出的这种要求。
同样的原理适用于开放过滤桶中的浸在水中的滤膜。在先有技术中，固体颗粒物通常通过排空过滤桶而被除去。在包含固体颗粒物的流体从过滤组件排出时，该流体在底部附近必须改变方向流出过滤组件，然后从过滤桶中排出。由于在过滤组件的底部形成孔或者开孔，所以固体颗粒物可以在流出组件时继续平行于织物流动，这种不间断的流动可以更有效地从过滤容器和过滤桶中除去固体颗粒物。
按照另一方面，本发明提供一种清洗滤膜过滤组件的方法，上述组件包括一个或多个滤膜，该滤膜配置在进液容器中，并从上部端板向下垂直延伸，滤膜的近端封装在上端板上，该滤膜具有进行过滤操作的渗透壁，其中进料中的脏物在滤膜壁的一个侧面上滤出，而滤出液从滤膜壁的另一侧面中抽出，该方法包括：
a)暂停过滤操作；
b)对滤膜壁进行清洗操作，将上面的脏物冲到滤膜周围的液体中；
c)冲洗基本上平行于垂直延伸滤膜的进液容器，至少部分经上述滤膜下面的过滤组件中的开口排出包含冲下脏物的流体；
d)重新开始过滤操作。
附图的简要说明
下面参照附图，只作为举例说明本发明的实施例，这些附图是：
图1是一个实施例的滤膜过滤组件的示意截面图；
图2是另一实施例的滤膜过滤组件的示意截面图。
优选实施例的说明
下面参考图1，过滤组件5装在槽形容器6中，该容器包括要过滤的流体。该过滤组件5包括一束或者多束空心织物滤膜7，该滤膜7分别在上端板8和下端板9之间延伸。该下端板9具有许多开孔10，这些孔与织物束的内部和收集室11连通，该收集室具有用于出入的开口12。进入液体通过开口13或14输入，由阀门AV1和AV2控制。渗出液/滤出液经室15和开口16抽出，由阀门AV3控制。也可以通过开口16进行逆流冲洗，由阀门AV4控制。
在使用时，打开开口12，并将适当的压力加在组件5中的液体上，由此可以经开孔10从组件5中清洗或冲洗在过滤和逆流冲洗后聚集在过滤组件5中的固体颗粒物。也可以用开口12将气体输送到开孔10，从而在过滤组件5中形成洗涤气泡，这样有助于清洗织物滤膜的表面。
图2是类似于图1的装置，然而在此实施例中，空心织物滤膜7垂直悬挂在上端板8上，其下部的远端17没有被封装。各个织物滤膜7的远端17没有被封闭，滤液经上端板8抽出。在此实施例中，可通过开口12进行逆流清洗或冲洗。
应当认识到，本发明还具有其它实施例和例子，这些实施例不超出所述本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，上述组件包括一个或者多个薄膜，该薄膜配置在进液容器中，并在沿垂直方向隔开一定距离的上端板和下端板之间纵向延伸，该薄膜的端部封装在所述上、下端板上，该薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透的壁，其中进液中的脏物在薄膜壁的一个侧面上滤出，而滤出液从该薄膜壁的另一侧面抽出，上述上端板和下端板中的至少一个端板具有一个或多个开孔，该方法包括以下步骤：
a)暂停过滤操作；
b)对薄膜壁进行清洗操作，将上面的脏物冲到薄膜周围的液体中；
c)基本上平行于纵向延伸的薄膜冲洗进液容器，使包含冲洗下来脏物的液体至少部分经所述上、下端板中的开孔排出；
d)重新开始过滤操作。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在下端板上形成开孔，而滤出液从上端板抽出。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将气体经上述下端板中的开孔引入到过滤组件中，以便在上述清洗操作期间产生清洁该薄膜表面的气泡。
4.一种清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法，上述组件包括一个或多个薄膜，该薄膜配置在进液容器中，并从上端板向下垂直延伸，该薄膜的近端部封装在该上端板上，该薄膜具有进行过滤操作的可渗透的壁，其中，进液中包含的脏物在薄膜壁的一个侧面上滤出，而滤出液从薄膜壁的另一侧面上抽出，该方法包括：
a)暂停过滤操作；
b)对薄膜壁进行清洗操作，使上面的脏物冲到薄膜周围的液体中；
c)基本上平行于垂直延伸的薄膜冲洗进液容器，使包含冲洗下来脏物的液体至少部分经组件中的开孔排出，开孔垂直位于薄膜下方；
d)重新开始过滤操作。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在清洗操作的同时进行冲洗。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，这种冲洗是高速冲洗。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，使加压流体进入进液容器进行冲洗。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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|---|---|---|---|
| AUPR7742 | 2001-09-18 | ||
| AUPR7742A AUPR774201A0 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2001-09-18 | High solids module |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1555287A CN1555287A (zh) | 2004-12-15 |
| CN1265867C true CN1265867C (zh) | 2006-07-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB028183215A Expired - Fee Related CN1265867C (zh) | 2001-09-18 | 2002-09-17 | 清洗薄膜过滤组件的方法 |
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| US (1) | US7018533B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1441841B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2005502467A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1265867C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE368504T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AUPR774201A0 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2460207C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE60221555T2 (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY135444A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2003024575A1 (zh) |
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-
2001
- 2001-09-18 AU AUPR7742A patent/AUPR774201A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-09-17 WO PCT/AU2002/001272 patent/WO2003024575A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-17 AT AT02764383T patent/ATE368504T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-09-17 CN CNB028183215A patent/CN1265867C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-17 DE DE60221555T patent/DE60221555T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-17 JP JP2003528664A patent/JP2005502467A/ja active Pending
- 2002-09-17 CA CA2460207A patent/CA2460207C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-17 EP EP02764383A patent/EP1441841B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-17 MY MYPI20023449A patent/MY135444A/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-03-16 US US10/802,691 patent/US7018533B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60221555T2 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
| EP1441841B1 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
| EP1441841A1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
| EP1441841A4 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
| ATE368504T1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
| MY135444A (en) | 2008-04-30 |
| AUPR774201A0 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
| US20040238442A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
| CA2460207A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| JP2005502467A (ja) | 2005-01-27 |
| WO2003024575A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| US7018533B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 |
| CA2460207C (en) | 2011-05-17 |
| CN1555287A (zh) | 2004-12-15 |
| DE60221555D1 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
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Owner name: SIEMENS WATER TECHNOLOGIES COR Free format text: FORMER OWNER: U.S. FILTER WASTEWATER GROUP INC. Effective date: 20110727 |
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