CN1252148C - 纤维素纤维复合物 - Google Patents

纤维素纤维复合物 Download PDF

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CN1252148C
CN1252148C CNB988103656A CN98810365A CN1252148C CN 1252148 C CN1252148 C CN 1252148C CN B988103656 A CNB988103656 A CN B988103656A CN 98810365 A CN98810365 A CN 98810365A CN 1252148 C CN1252148 C CN 1252148C
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马歇尔·梅多夫
阿瑟·拉加斯
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种树脂和稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维的复合物，及形成该复合物的方法。

Description

纤维素纤维复合物
技术领域
本发明涉及树脂和纤维素或木素纤维素纤维的复合物。
背景技术
树脂，如在食品包装中，具有广泛的应用。通常由树脂制成的食品容器在一次性使用后，被丢弃。
纤维素或木素纤维素纤维被大量地生产，加工和用于各个方面。在一次性使用后，这些纤维通常当作废物被丢弃。结果产生了日益增加的废纤维素或木素纤维素纤维，以及树脂。
发明内容
总体上说，本发明的特征在于包括一种树脂和稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维的复合物。优选地，所述复合物含有约50重％-70重％的树脂和30重％-50重％的纤维。
本发明的特征在于包括一种树脂和稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维的一种复合物。其中树脂为一种热塑性树脂。所述纤维为至少约2重％，优选为至少约5重％。本发明的特征还在于包括聚乙烯和至少约50重％的稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维的一种复合物。
本发明的另一个特征在于提供一种复合物，该复合物含有用至少2重％的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维强化的聚乙烯，其中至少50重％的所述纤维素或木素纤维素纤维被剪切到内部纤维基本暴露出来的程度。
本发明的另一个特征在于包括一种树脂和纤维素或木素纤维素纤维的复合物，该复合物具有至少约3000磅/平方英寸(psi)优选至少约6000磅/平方英寸，更优选至少约10000磅/平方英寸的弯曲强度，或至少约3000psi的拉伸强度。
此外，本发明的特征在于制造一种复合物的方法，该方法包括剪切纤维素或木素纤维素纤维，以形成稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维，然后将该稠化的纤维与一种树脂混合。优选的方法包括用旋转刀片切割机剪切纤维。本发明的特征还在于制造一种复合物的方法，该方法包括剪切纤维素或木素纤维素纤维，并将该纤维与一种树脂混合。
本发明的另一个特征在于提供一种制造复合物的方法，该方法包括将纤维素或木素纤维素纤维剪切到内部纤维基本暴露出来的程度，以形成稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维，并将该稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维与一种树脂混合。
本发明所用术语“稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维”是指将所述纤维剪切到内部的纤维基本暴露出来的程度。至少约50％，更优选至少约70％的这些纤维具有长度/直径比(L/D)为至少5，优选至少25，或至少50。稠化的纤维的一个实施例见图1所示。
本发明的另一个特征在于提供一种制备稠化纤维材料的方法，该方法包括：将具有内部纤维的纤维素或木素纤维素材料剪切到内部纤维基本暴露出来的程度，以形成稠化的纤维材料。
本发明的另一个特征在于还提供一种稠化的纤维材料，该纤维材料含有具有内部纤维的纤维素或木素纤维素材料，其中将所述纤维素或木素纤维素材料剪切到内部纤维基本暴露出来的程度。
本发明的复合物具有强度、重量轻和便宜的优点。用于制造复合物的原材料容易获得，例如，这些原材料包括废弃的由树脂和废纤维素或木素纤维素纤维组成的容器。
本发明的其它特征和优点通过下面优选的实施例和权利要求的描述将变得更加明显。
附图说明
图1为稠化的报纸的放大[---]倍的照片。
具体实施方案
优选的复合物包括一种树脂和稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维。
树脂包封稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维，并帮助控制该复合物的形状。树脂还向纤维传递外部的负载并防止纤维的环境和结构的损坏。优选的复合物包括约20重％-约60重％，更优选约30重％-约50重％的树脂。
树脂的例子包括聚乙烯(包括例如低密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯)、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丁烯、热塑性聚酯、聚醚、热塑性聚氨酯、PVC、尼龙、和其它树脂。优选的是具有低熔体流动指数的树脂。优选的树脂包括具有低于3克/10分钟，更优选低于1克/10分钟的熔体流动指数的聚乙烯和聚丙烯。
树脂可作为原材料购买，或作为废料或废弃的树脂获得，并通常以颗粒形式购买。优选作为废料或废弃的树脂获得，因为这些材料更便宜。树脂的一个优选的来源是使用过的聚乙烯奶瓶。
稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维为该复合物提供了强度。该复合物可包括重量百分比为约30％-约90％，更优选约50％-约70％的稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维。纤维素纤维的例子包括纸和纸制品，木素纤维素纤维的例子包括木材、木质纤维、与木材有关的材料、以及由洋麻纤维、草、稻壳、甘蔗渣、棉花和黄麻衍生而来的材料。优选的纤维素纤维是新闻用纸，杂志纸以及漂白的牛皮纸板。优选的木素纤维素纤维包括洋麻纤维和黄麻。
所述复合物也包含偶联剂。该偶联剂帮助亲水性纤维与疏水性树脂键合。偶联剂的例子包括马来酸酐改性的聚乙烯，如商标名为FUSABOND(得自特拉华的杜邦公司)和POLYBOND(得自UniroyalChemical，connecticut)系列。优选的偶联剂是马来酸酐改性的高密度聚乙烯，如POLYBONDMB 100D。
所述复合物还可包含配料领域技术人员已知的添加剂，如增塑剂、润滑剂、抗氧化剂、遮光剂、热稳定剂、着色剂、阻燃剂、抗微生物剂、抗冲改性剂、光稳定剂、抗静电剂。
起始原料的制备
如果使用纤维素或木素纤维素纤维废料，应该将其净化和干燥。在将其与热塑性树脂混合前，必须将该纤维素或木素纤维素纤维稠化。该纤维可以通过任何一种机械方式或这些方式的结合来进行稠化。优选的稠化方法包括首先将这些纤维素或木素纤维素纤维用标准的剪切装置切成1/4-1/2英寸的片。然后将这些片用旋转切割机剪切，如在“Perry的化学工程手册”(第6版，8-29页，1984年)中描述的一种旋转切割机(得自Sprout，Waldron公司)。然后将该稠化的纤维通过一个2毫米目的筛子，并可将其保存在密封的袋中。在使用前，应该立刻将其在约105℃干燥4-18小时(直到水含量低于约0.5％)。
树脂可以以颗粒或丸状形式购买，无需进一步纯化或干燥后使用。如果在颗粒或丸状树脂表面含有水分，应在使用前干燥。
复合物的制备
复合物可按照如下方式制备：将标准的橡胶/塑料复合2-滚压机加热至325-400℃。将所述树脂(通常为丸状或颗粒)加入到该加热的滚压机中。约10分钟后，将偶联剂加入到该滚压机中。再过5分钟后，将稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维加入到该熔融的树脂/偶联剂的混合物中。该稠化的纤维在10分钟的时间内加入。
从所述滚压机中取出所述复合物，将其切成片并冷却至室温。然后，采用标准的模压技术将其模压成板状。
或者也可以将各种配料装入一混合机，如Banbury内混合机。在温度维持在低于约190℃下将各种配料进行混合。然后，将该混合物进行模压。
在另一个实施方式中，可以将各种配料在一个挤出混合机中混合，例如装有共旋转叶片的MARIS(Turin)TM 85型挤出机。将树脂和偶联剂在挤出机的入口处导入，将纤维素或木素纤维素纤维在沿挤出机长度的大约1/3处引入到熔融的树脂中。挤出机的内部温度保持在低于约190℃。在出口处，通过冷线切割而将所述复合物颗粒化。
或者也可以先在混合机中制备所述混合物，然后转移至挤出机中进行挤出和颗粒切割步骤。
在另一个实施方式中，可以通过本领域的技术人员熟知的形成纤维的技术将所述复合物形成纤维。
复合物的性能
所获得的复合物包括包封在树脂介质中的纤维网络。该纤维形成一种晶格网络，该网络为所述复合物提供了强度。由于将纤维素或木素纤维素纤维稠化，因此，与用未稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维制备的复合物相比，可增加与所述树脂键合的表面积的量。树脂与暴露的纤维的表面键合，造成了纤维网络与树脂介质的均匀共混合。该纤维网络与树脂介质的均匀共混合进一步强化了所述复合物。
应用
树脂/纤维复合物具有广泛的应用。该复合物强力、重量轻，可用作，例如木材替代物。树脂的涂敷赋予了该复合物防水的性能，使得该复合物可以在室外应用。例如可以将该复合物制成集装箱，它可以在室外保存很长时间。
实施例
复合物可按照如下方式制备：将标准的橡胶/塑料复合2-滚压机加热至325-400℃。将所述树脂(通常为丸状或颗粒)加入到该加热的滚压机中。约10分钟后，树脂卷在滚子上(即，树脂熔融或熔结在滚子上)，将偶联剂加入到该滚压机中。再过5分钟后，将纤维素或木素纤维素纤维加入到该熔融的树脂/偶联剂的混合物中。该纤维素或木素纤维素纤维纤维在10分钟的时间内加入。
从所述滚压机中取出所述复合物，将其切成片并冷却至室温。然后，采用标准的模压技术，每批约80克将其模压成6英寸×6英寸×1/8英寸的板状。
一种组成含有下列配料：
组成1
配料                            量(克)
高密度聚乙烯1                  160
旧报纸2                        240
偶联剂3                        8
组成1的性能如下：
弯曲强度(psi)                   9810(ASTM D790)
弯曲模量(109psi)                6.27(ASTM D790)
第二种组成含有下列配料：
组成2
配料                             量(克)
高密度聚乙烯1                   160
旧杂志2                         240
偶联剂3                         8
组成2的性能如下：
弯曲强度(psi)                    9060(ASTM D790)
弯曲模量(109psi)                6.78(ASTM D790)
1Marlex 16007
2用带有2毫米目的筛子的旋转切割机稠化
3FUSABOND100D
其它实施方式包含在权利要求书中。

Claims (29)

1.一种复合物，该复合物含有一种树脂和至少2重％的纤维，其中所述纤维为纤维素或木素纤维素纤维，该纤维被剪切到内部纤维基本暴露出来的程度。
2.权利要求1的复合物，其中至少5重％的所述纤维被稠化。
3.权利要求1的复合物，其中所述纤维为新闻用纸。
4.权利要求1的复合物，其中所述纤维为黄麻。
5.权利要求1的复合物，其中所述纤维为洋麻。
6.权利要求1的复合物，其中所述纤维为杂志纸。
7.权利要求1的复合物，其中所述纤维为漂白的牛皮纸板。
8.权利要求1的复合物，其中所述树脂为热塑性树脂。
9.权利要求8的复合物，其中所述热塑性树脂为聚乙烯。
10.权利要求8的复合物，其中所述热塑性树脂为聚丙烯。
11.权利要求1的复合物，其中所述复合物含有50％-70重％的树脂和30％-50重％的纤维。
12.权利要求11的复合物，其中所述复合物具有至少6000磅/平方英寸的弯曲强度。
13.权利要求11的复合物，其中所述复合物具有至少10000磅/平方英寸的弯曲强度。
14.一种复合物，该复合物含有用至少2重％的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维强化的聚乙烯，其中至少50重％的所述纤维素或木素纤维素纤维被剪切到内部纤维基本暴露出来的程度。
15.一种复合物，该复合物含有用至少2重％的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维强化的树脂，其中至少50重％的所述纤维素或木素纤维素纤维被剪切到内部纤维基本暴露出来的程度，并且其中该复合物具有至少3000磅/平方英寸的弯曲强度。
16.权利要求1、14或15的复合物，其中所述树脂选自由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丁烯、热塑性聚酯、聚醚、热塑性聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯、和聚酰胺所组成的组中。
17.权利要求1、14或15的复合物，其中至少50重％的所述暴露的内部纤维具有长径比为至少5。
18.权利要求1、14或15的复合物，其中至少50重％的所述暴露的内部纤维具有长径比为至少25。
19.权利要求1、14或15的复合物，其中至少50重％的所述暴露的内部纤维具有长径比为至少50。
20.权利要求1、14或15的复合物，其中至少70重％的所述暴露的内部纤维具有长径比为至少50。
21.一种制造复合物的方法，该方法包括将纤维素或木素纤维素纤维剪切到内部纤维基本暴露出来的程度，以形成稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维，并将该稠化的纤维素或木素纤维素纤维与一种树脂混合。
22.权利要求21的方法，其中所述树脂为热塑性树脂。
23.权利要求22的方法，其中所述剪切纤维素或木素纤维素纤维的步骤包括用旋转刀片切割机剪切。
24.一种制备稠化纤维材料的方法，该方法包括：将具有内部纤维的纤维素或木素纤维素材料剪切到内部纤维基本暴露出来的程度，以形成稠化的纤维材料。
25.权利要求21或24的方法，其中所述纤维素或木素纤维素材料选自由棉花、黄麻、纸和纸制品所组成的组中。
26.权利要求21或24的方法，其中至少50重％的所述纤维具有长径比为至少5。
27.权利要求21或24的方法，其中至少50重％的所述纤维具有长径比为至少25。
28.权利要求21或24的方法，其中至少50重％的所述纤维具有长径比为至少50。
29.一种稠化的纤维材料，该纤维材料含有具有内部纤维的纤维素或木素纤维素材料，其中将所述纤维素或木素纤维素材料剪切到内部纤维基本暴露出来的程度。
CNB988103656A 1997-10-31 1998-10-26 纤维素纤维复合物 Expired - Lifetime CN1252148C (zh)

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