CN1240960C - 具有用于光反馈的光学传感器结构的发光二极管光源 - Google Patents

具有用于光反馈的光学传感器结构的发光二极管光源 Download PDF

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CN1240960C
CN1240960C CNB028114531A CN02811453A CN1240960C CN 1240960 C CN1240960 C CN 1240960C CN B028114531 A CNB028114531 A CN B028114531A CN 02811453 A CN02811453 A CN 02811453A CN 1240960 C CN1240960 C CN 1240960C
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T·M·马沙尔
M·D·帕斯利
F·J·P·舒尔曼斯
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Abstract

发白光的发光二极管(LED)光源(100)设置有红、绿、蓝LED(102、103、104)的阵列以及保持所需色平衡的反馈装置。该反馈装置包括光电二极管(112、113、114)，其定位成便于单独地测量每种红、绿、蓝颜色分量。在一个实施例中，单个光电二极管或光电二极管阵列(111)定位成便于截获来自部分反射元件(107)的反射光，该部分反射元件设置在LED阵列的组合光输出的路径上。可通过使LED和光电二极管产生脉冲，或使用滤色器(116、117、118)来顺序地测量独立颜色。在替代实施例中，每一LED(121)具有相关的光电二极管(122)，每一光电二极管结合在发光二极管封装件(119)或单独的封装件中。

Description

具有用于光反馈的光学传感器结构的发光二极管光源
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有红、绿、和蓝发光二极管(LED)的阵列的发白光的光源，还涉及一种用于调节独立部件的光输出以便保持所需色平衡(色度)的控制系统，本发明尤其涉及这种具有用于光反馈的光学传感器结构的发光二极管光源。
背景技术
发白光的光源具有红、绿、和蓝发光二极管(LED)的阵列(也称为RGB(红、绿、和蓝)发光二极管光源)，由于高效率、低成本、以及可调节光输出的色度等原因，所以该发白光的光源受到关注。
一个需解决的重要问题在于，芯片之间以及在每一芯片的寿命过程中，其中的发光二极管的光输出各有不同。发光二极管的光输出也会随温度反比例变化，但是对于每一颜色这种变化不均匀。此外，在发光二极管阵列中，单独芯片的损坏也会改变光输出。
美国专利6127783披露了一种带有以电子方式调节色平衡的发白光的光源。该光源包括多个发光二极管，其中红、绿、和蓝色的每一发光二极管对于每种颜色带有独立的电源，还包括布置成测量所有发光二极管的光输出的光电二极管。每种颜色的光输出有电子控制电路来测量，该电路关闭在时间脉冲序列中不进行测量的颜色的发光二极管。对于每种颜色，被测量的光输出与由使用者输入来确定的所需光输出进行比较，并且由此对每种颜色的发光二极管的电流进行校正。美国专利6127783的说明书在此作为参考引入本发明的说明书。
为了准确地控制光源的光输出，全部的发出的光必须准确地监控。这需要如此地设置光电二极管，即，使得来自每一发光二极管的光的等量部分被采样，同时使得来自发光二极管的足够的漫射光落在光电二极管上，以确保反馈回路令人满意的操作。
发明内容
本发明提供多种光学结构，以便在RGB发光二极管光源的光路中或围绕光路，可选地使用各种滤色器定位一个或多个光电二极管，以实现从每一发光二极管中采样获得等量的光，以便总的光输出可准确地监控。对于标准的RGB发光二极管光源的光学系统只需要做较少的改变，效率和其它性能规格基本上没有影响。通过使光电二极管如此定位，以便反馈信号可用于电子控制装置，以调节总光输出和色平衡。
根据本发明，提供了一种发光二极管光源，其包括：包括至少一个发光二极管的发光二极管阵列，所述发光二极管具有多种颜色中的一种颜色；定位成以便将该发光二极管阵列的组合光输出引导到目标光导件的聚光透镜；定位成以便将来自该聚光透镜的该光输出的一部分部分地反射到该发光二极管阵列的部分反射元件；以及定位成以便截获并测量该反射光的一部分的光学传感器。
根据本发明，还提供了一种发光二极管光源，其包括：包括至少一个发光二极管的发光二极管阵列，所述发光二极管具有多种颜色中的一种颜色；定位成以便将该发光二极管阵列的组合光输出引导到目标光导件的聚光透镜；光学传感器的阵列，每一光学传感器与发光二极管或发光二极管组相关，每一光学传感器定位成以便截获并测量与其相关的发光二极管或发光二极管组的该光输出的一部分；用于将电流供应给所述发光二极管阵列的装置，由此每种所述颜色的所述发光二极管具有光输出，并且该发光二极管阵列具有组合的光输出；用于将对于每种颜色的该被测量的光输出与对于每种颜色的相应的所需光输出相比较的装置；以及用于基于所述比较来调节供应给每种颜色的发光二极管的所述电流的装置，由此可实现所需的组合光输出。
在本发明的第一实施例中，单独的光电二极管结合到每一发光二极管封装件中，该发光二极管封装件包括发光二极管芯片以及引导来自发光二极管的光的透镜。光电二极管设置就位，以便直接或间接地接收来自发光二极管的光。离开透镜表面的反射充分地使光散射，以落在光电二极管上以便确保令人满意的操作。
在第二实施例中，单独的光电二极管封装件定位在紧靠每一发光二极管或一个小组的发光二极管(例如三个发光二极管)附近，其中封装件的出口孔或聚集透镜朝向待监控的该发光二极管。
在第三实施例中，部分反射元件(通常1％的反射率是足够的)位于该光路中，在主聚光透镜定位成并定形成将小部分的输出光束经该聚光透镜反向反射，以便聚焦在光轴与发光二极管阵列的平面的交点处或稍微在交点之上。光学传感器组件设置在该交点处，该光学传感器包括一个或多个光电二极管、围绕该光电二极管的白光聚集腔、以及例如为在该腔与该聚光透镜之间的平面散射屏的散射器。该光学传感器组件如此布置，即，使得在较大的区域(例如一个光电二极管封装件的尺寸的几倍)之上，来自每一发光二极管的光通量是大致恒定的。尽管本发明的实施例是最复杂的，但是其提供了最佳的性能、经济性、和通用性。
在每一实施例中，滤色器与光电二极管相关，使得它们选择性地获得RGB输出的特定光谱区域，这样省去了按照美国专利6127783使得发光二极管和光电二极管产生脉冲的需要。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的发光二极管光源的一个实施例的截面图，其中光学传感器组件定位在发红、绿、蓝光的发光二极管阵列的中心，并且部分反射元件设置在该阵列的组合光输出的光路中；
图2示出了图1所示的光学传感器的细节，其包括光电二极管阵列、散射器、聚集器、和可选的可变滤色器；
图3示出了图2所示的光学传感器的替代实施例，其包括与每一光电二极管相关的独立的滤色器；
图4示出了包含独立的发光二极管和发光二极管阵列的密封封装件，该密封封装件包括相关的光电二极管；
图5示出了带有相关的光电二极管的密封封装件的截面图；
图6示出了带有相关的光电二极管的三个发光二极管封装件阵列；
图7示出了本发明的发光二极管光源的另一实施例的截面图，其与图1相似，不同之处在于部分反射元件和光学传感器组件由与发光二极管阵列相关的光电二极管阵列代替；
图8是本发明的RGB发光二极管光源的一个实施例的光学和电气系统的示意图，其中包括光反馈和控制装置；以及
图9是用于图7所示的光源的光反馈和控制部分的逻辑序列的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照附图，图1是本发明的RGB发光二极管光源的光学部件的一个实施例的示意截面图，发光二极管阵列101包括独立的发光二极管组件(102、103、104)，其布置成围绕中心轴线A的两个同心环的独立的发光二极管组件。每一个发光二极管组件包括密封的发光二极管封装件126和准直透镜120。光学传感器组件105位于中心轴线A上，该光学传感器组件包括散射器109、聚集器110、以及光电二极管阵列112、113、114(见图2和3)。
主聚光透镜106将来自发光二极管阵列101的光输出引导到目标光导件108。适当形状的部分反射器107设置在主聚光透镜106与目标光导件108之间的区域中。该部分反射器107应具有大约1％的全反射率，这小于大多数光学部件的全反射率。通过使用常规的抗反射涂层来进行涂敷，从而获得这样低的反射率。使用稍微的非球面的凹形形状，如图1所示，可获得最佳的效果，但是使用平面反光镜的构形也可获得相当好的结果。没有涂敷的玻璃或塑料也可使用，但是必定降低整个系统的效率。
图1示意性地示出的光学传感器组件105作为在发光二极管阵列的中心附近的轴线上的单个圆柱体物件。可采用许多不同的构形，其中包括单个或多个光电二极管以及简单或复杂的聚集器结构。两个代表性的实施例如图2和3所示，其中光学传感器组件包括散射器109、聚集器110和光电二极管阵列111。
光学传感器组件105按照美国专利6127783中所述的方式与发光二极管阵列中的不同颜色的发光二极管的脉冲产生同步地被读取，以便提供调节发光二极管光源的色平衡所需的信息。或者，可通过使用滤色器以便分离不同颜色的发光二极管的光输出来避免发光二极管的脉冲产生，以便由光电二极管来测量。在一个可行的实施例中，如图2所示，单个可变色滤色器115在光感测过程中可周期性地调谐成不同颜色的波长带。在另一可行的实施例中，固定的不同颜色的滤色器116、117、118可与独立的光电二极管112、113、114相关，如图3所示。
一个示例性的光学子系统包括围绕中心(光)轴线布置的由6个(内)和12个(外)发光二极管组件形成的两个同心环，每一组件具有15mm的直径的准直透镜，并且简单的光学传感器组件包括六边形散射板，白纸管形成简单的聚集器结构，这两者也具有15mm的直径；以及四个布置在聚集器腔内的光电二极管封装件。该光学传感器组件居中地布置在光轴上并且从准直器的顶部向下垂直延伸到发光二极管芯片的水平面上。带有抗反射涂层的平面反射镜定位在主聚光透镜和目标光导件之间，该平面反射镜用作部分反射器。这种结构在光电二极管阵列之上获得了令人满意的光均匀性。通过使用更精细更准确的组装结构，在以较低的总的光收集为代价的情况下，可实现：聚集程度越好，导致均匀性越高。
当然，替代居中定位的光学传感器105也是可行的。例如，在发光二极管阵列中每一发光二极管封装件可具有与其相关的独立的光电二极管。对于独立的发光二极管封装件的这种相关的两个不同的实施例如图4和5所示。
图4示出了密封的发光二极管封装件119，其包括安装在底衬123上的发光二极管芯片121。光电二极管芯片122与发光二极管芯片121相邻，也安装在底衬123上，该光电二极管芯片122定位成便于测量来自发光二极管的光输出。透镜126覆盖发光二极管芯片121和光电二极管122，以便沿向前的方向引导来自发光二极管的光。
图5示出了与图4所示相似的结构，其中不同之处在于，光电二极管不安装在密封的发光二极管组件126的内部，单独的光电二极管封装件152定位成以便测量来自发光二极管封装件150的光。发光二极管封装件150包括安装在底衬153上并由透镜156覆盖的发光二极管芯片151。
图6示出了另一结构，其中三个发光二极管封装件161、162、163的阵列与单个光电二极管164相关。图7示出了本发明的发光二极管光源的另一实施例的截面图，其类似于图1的结构，不同之处在于，部分反射元件和光学传感器组件由光电二极管176、177、178的阵列来代替，该光电二极管的阵列与发光二极管171、172、173的阵列以图6所示的方式相关。当然，单独的光电二极管176、177、178均可按照如图4所示的替代结构的方式结合到发光二极管封装件中，或者按照如图6所示的方式与两个或多个发光二极管封装件的组相关。如图1所示，来自发光二极管阵列的光由聚光透镜174引导到目标175。
参照图8，本发明的光源的一个实施例的光学部件和电器部件的示意图，控制器30将来自光电二极管24的反馈传送到色点测量装置，其与通过使用者输入端40提供的所需设定值进行比较。基于该比较，控制器30确定是否出现所需的色平衡，并且由此对于相应的二极管10、12、14向电流调节器11、13、15提供信号。因此来自交流转变器50的电力输入传送到电流输出端，该电流输出端对于相应红、绿、蓝的颜色控制光强度，以便获得所需的色平衡。阵列中对于每种颜色的二极管通过在底衬16上的电路保持相同的电位。用于所需设定的使用者控制装置包括对于相应颜色的输入端41、42、43，以及控制所获得的白光的总强度的调光器。
图9示出了用于图8所示的光源的控制逻辑部分。当灯打开(31)时，电力供应给发光二极管，并且启动测量序列(32)。色点测量值与所需的设定值进行比较(33)，根据使用者的调节(35)来存储该所需的设定值(34)。基于该比较，确定是否需要进行颜色调节(36)，并且如果需要，则进行该调节(37)，并重复该测量序列(32)。如果确定不需要进行颜色调节(36)，控制器将在重复该测量序列(32)之前等待预定的测量间隔(38)。
本发明不必以限定数量的实施例来描述。对于本领域的普通技术人员显而易见的是，本说明书、其它实施例和实施例的变型完全包含在本发明及其后附的权利要求的范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种发光二极管光源(100)，其包括：
包括至少一个发光二极管(102、103、104)的发光二极管阵列(101)，所述发光二极管具有多种颜色中的一种颜色；
定位成以便将该发光二极管阵列的组合光输出引导到目标光导件(108)的聚光透镜(106)；
定位成以便将来自该聚光透镜的该光输出的一部分部分地反射到该发光二极管阵列的部分反射元件(107)；以及
定位成以便截获并测量该反射光的一部分的光学传感器(105)。
2.如权利要求1所述的发光二极管光源，其特征在于，其还包括：
用于将电流供应给所述发光二极管阵列(101)的装置(50)，由此每种所述颜色的所述发光二极管(102、103、104)具有光输出，并且该发光二极管阵列具有组合的光输出，还包括用于将每种颜色的该反射光输出单独地提供给该光学传感器(105)的装置(32、115)；
用于将对于每种颜色的该被测量的光输出与对于每种颜色的相应的所需光输出相比较的装置(33)；以及
用于基于所述比较来调节供应给每种颜色的发光二极管的所述电流的装置(37)，由此可实现所需的组合光输出。
3.如权利要求2所述的发光二极管光源，其特征在于，用于将每种颜色的该反射光输出单独地提供给该光学传感器(105)的该装置(32、115)包括用于选择性地关闭该发光二极管的装置，以该光学传感器在一系列时间脉冲中单独地测量对于每种颜色的光输出。
4.如权利要求2所述的发光二极管光源，其特征在于，用于将每种颜色的该反射光输出单独地提供给该光学传感器(105)的该装置(32、115)包括用于选择性地滤除每种单独的发光二极管颜色的光输出的滤色器装置(115)。
5.如权利要求4所述的发光二极管光源，其特征在于，该光学传感器包括光电二极管(112、113、114)的阵列(111)。
6.如权利要求5所述的发光二极管光源，其特征在于，该滤色器装置(115)包括与所述独立的光电二极管(112、113、114)相关的单独的滤色器(116、117、118)。
7.如权利要求5所述的发光二极管光源，其特征在于，该光学传感器还包括光散射器(109)和光聚集器(110)。
8.一种发光二极管光源(100)，其包括：
包括至少一个发光二极管(171、172、173)的发光二极管阵列，所述发光二极管具有多种颜色中的一种颜色；
定位成以便将该发光二极管(171、172、173)阵列的组合光输出引导到目标光导件(175)的聚光透镜(174)；
光学传感器(176、177、178)的阵列，每一光学传感器与发光二极管或发光二极管组相关，每一光学传感器定位成以便截获并测量与其相关的发光二极管或发光二极管组的该光输出的一部分；
用于将电流供应给所述发光二极管阵列(171、172、173)的装置(50)，由此每种所述颜色的所述发光二极管具有光输出，并且该发光二极管阵列具有组合的光输出；
用于将对于每种颜色的该被测量的光输出与对于每种颜色的相应的所需光输出相比较的装置(33)；以及
用于基于所述比较来调节供应给每种颜色的发光二极管的所述电流的装置(37)，由此可实现所需的组合光输出。
9.如权利要求8所述的发光二极管光源，其特征在于，每一光学传感器(164)与一组三个发光二极管(161、162、163)相关。
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