CN1229769C - 有源矩阵电致发光显示设备 - Google Patents

有源矩阵电致发光显示设备 Download PDF

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CN1229769C
CN1229769C CNB018013406A CN01801340A CN1229769C CN 1229769 C CN1229769 C CN 1229769C CN B018013406 A CNB018013406 A CN B018013406A CN 01801340 A CN01801340 A CN 01801340A CN 1229769 C CN1229769 C CN 1229769C
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display device
light
transistor
described display
switch
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CN1381032A (zh
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A·塞姆佩尔
I·M·亨特
M·T·约翰森
E·W·A·杨
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
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    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
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Abstract

通过，优选地，经由一个电流镜将灰度值存储在一个连接到一个调整电路的存储电路中，可以改善在有源矩阵(O)LEDs中的灰度级线性度和功率效率。

Description

有源矩阵电致发光显示设备
本发明涉及一个包括在行和列电极的交叉区域处的象素矩阵的显示设备，每一个象素包括至少一个基于一个存储元件的，与一个发光元件相串联的电流调整电路。
这种基于电致发光的显示设备越来越基于(聚合体)半导体有机材料。该显示设备可通过分段象素(或固定图案)来发光，但是借助于矩阵图案来显示也是可以的。通过存储元件对象素的调整确定了将要由象素所发射的光强。借助与一个存储元件的所述调整，其中要使用额外的开关元件(称为有源驱动)发现了更加广泛的应用。
这种显示设备适合的应用领域，例如，时移动电话，组织器(organizer)等。
在开头段落中描述的显示设备在PCT WO 99/42983中被描述。在所述文件中，穿过一个LED的电流借助于在发光象素矩阵中每一个象素两个TFT晶体管来调整，经由一个TFT晶体管产生一个穿过一个电容器的充电。该TFT晶体管和该电容器构成一个存储元件。在第一TFT晶体管已经被关断之后，该电容器的充电确定了穿过第二TFT晶体管的电流并从而确定了通过LED的电流。在后续选择中，重复这一过程。
在这一驱动模式中，穿过该电容器的充电是以这样一种方式而被调整的，即LED在两个模式之间切换，称为“高功率模式”和“低功率模式”，其中在这两个模式之间的相互时间比例确定了灰度级。为了精确地调整该相互比例，要求许多额外的电子电路，和其他，一个处理器和转换器。而且，根据灰度值，在两个模式之间的切换可以高频率实施。这引起了功耗的增加，从而使得老化得更快。此外，在运动图像中产生人造物。
就此，本发明的一个目的是提供一个在开头段落中描述的那种类型的显示设备，其中上述问题会减小到较低程度。为此，这种设备的特征在于该设备包括在一个象素区域的，用于调整通过该发光元件的电流的装置，以及在多个发光元件和用于一个工作电压的连接点之间的开关。
借助于该开关(例如，一个TFT晶体管或双极型晶体管)，这些发光元件配置有一个相应于所需发光度的电流。在对该驱动电路的一部分进行调整期间，该开关可被闭合，如果需要。然而，它在一帧周期的一部分期间被打开。该驱动电路的各部分(例如，一个电容器和一个晶体管的组合)确定了通过这些发光元件的最终电流。因为这些发光元件现在可以在非常短的一段时间内传运电流，因此它们优选地在所谓的恒定效率范围内被驱动。在此，LED的效率作为二极管电压的函数实际上是稳定的。利用通过LED(准时)来传运电流的更短时间，在给定发光度上的电流通常是如此高，使得该LED是在这一稳定效率范围内被驱动。
在第一实施例中，用于调整通过该发光元件的电流的装置包括至少一个在一个列电极和存储元件的一个连接点之间的开关元件。
根据本发明的显示设备的一个优选实施例的特征在于该列电极可以电连接到一个电流源，并且一个附加的电路被安排在该列电极和存储元件的连接点之间，从而使得在调整通过发光元件的电流值期间电流调整电路基本不导通。这限制了功率耗散。
该附加电路优选地是可以由调整开关电拆卸的，同时该附加电流的一个晶体管，与在连通状态中的存储元件中的一个晶体管一起，构成一个电流镜。值得注意地是，当所有开关都是在一个处理过程中制成(例如，在多晶硅技术中的TFTs)，这使得在整个显示表面区域上的开关的特性一致。
本发明的这些和其他方面通过参照下面描述的实施例将变得更清楚。
在附图中：
图1为根据本发明的一个显示设备的示意图，
图2为作为电压函数的效率和通过LED的电流，
图3为图1所使用的晶体管的晶体管特性，同时
图4示出了一个有关的时序图，和
图5示意性显示了根据本发明的一个附加象素。
这些图是示意性的；相应的部件通常由相同的参考标记来表示。
图1示意性地显示了根据本发明的显示设备1的一部分的等效电路图。该显示设备包括一个具有n行(1，2，...，n)和m列(1，2，...，m)的(P)LEDs或(O)LEDs20的矩阵。行和列在此被描述，如果需要，它们可被互换。这一设备还包括一个行选择电路16和一个数据寄存器15。外部提供的信息17，例如，一个视频信号，在处理单元18中被处理，该处理单元根据将要显示的信息，经由电源线19对数据寄存器15的分离部分15-1，...，15-m进行充电。
一行的选择借助行选择电路16经由线路8，在此例中，TFT晶体管或MOS晶体管22的栅电极，通过为它们提供所要求的选择电压来发生。
写入数据发生在，在选择期间，被认为是理想电流源的电流源10借助于数据寄存器15，例如，经由开关9而开通时。电流值由数据寄存器的内容来确定。电流源10可以是多行所共用的。如果电流源10不是多行所共用的，开关9便可以被省去。
在寻址期间，电容器21被提供某个经由晶体管21，22和23的充电。该电容器确定晶体管24的调整并且因而确定在驱动周期中通过LED20的实际电流，和象素(n，l)的发光度(在此例中)，这将在下面进行描述。在行8的选择和给列7提供电压之间的相互同步借助于驱动单元18经由驱动线路14来发生。
当选择一行，在此例中为行1，的时刻，电流源10开始传运电流。在选择期间，信息有列寄存器15(在此例中)经由线路7给出。该信息确定通过(调整)晶体管21，22和23的电流，从而使得电容器24获得一个给定的依赖于所传送的电流和时间期间的充电。电容器24的另一块板被连接到正的电源线12。在选择(在开关9闭合)之后，该电容器具有一个确定在(控制)晶体管21的栅极处电压的确定充电。该电容器和该(控制)晶体管21共同地构成上述的存储元件。该二极管(LED)20基于晶体管21的调整而导通。流过该二极管(LED)20的电流规律地被中断；在这样的中断期间，对随后流过该二极管(LED)20的电流值重新调整，之后，重新调整过的电流值被施加在该二极管(LED)20。这样的重新调整是在一行或多行像素已被寻址后才予以施加的，就是说，当如上述的若干行中的所有晶体管已被调整的时候，才施加所述重新调整在这一时刻(或优选地在一帧期间的末尾)，一个共用开关11被闭合一段短时，从而使得电流可以流过晶体管21和LED20，从而使得LED与所调整的值相一致地发光。
下面将参照图2描述本发明的优点。该图显示了，作为LED两端电压的函数，的LED的效率(实线)和流过LED的电流(虚线)的对数。该图示出了由电压V1起，效率达到了一个给定的最大值。流过LED的电流(从而发光度也是)由V1起基本上以指数形式增加。因为在一个或多个LEDs和，例如，地(在此例中通过线13)之间的开关11在整个帧期间未闭合，LEDs传送电流一段较短时，从而使得所需要的光质量可以一个更高的效率和更短的电流脉冲来发射。该开关11还可以在线路的一部分(1/2，1/4，...)已经被写入(称为子帧驱动)之后闭合。
可调整的电流优选地具有这样一些值，使得它们实际上总大于与电压V1有关的电流I1(图2)。为此，晶体管21具有如图3所示的特性。在此实施例中，晶体管21时一个p型的TFT晶体管，它根据栅极电压Vg1-Vg4来提供在I2和I3之间的电流(图3)，这些电流比I2大，同时范围I2-I3宽到足够调整在高效率范围内的所有灰度级。
参照图1和4多次解释了显示设备的工作过程。通过在对行1到n连续选择期间(图4(a)，4(b)，4(c))接通与列1到m有关的电流源10(图4(d))，使得电容器24被提供了在每一象素中一个具体的充电。被保存在数据寄存器15中的信息以类似于上面对于晶体管21所描述的方式来确定了通过晶体管22和23的电流。在电源线12上的电压使得电容器的一块板并且因而使得节点25接收到在范围Vg1-Vg4之内的电压，该电压在电流源10已经被关断之后仍然保持。
在节点25处的电压并且因此在晶体管21的栅极处的电压在范围Vg1-Vg4之内。然而，如果开关11被打开，则晶体管21不能导通。该开关在此例中直到其中所有象素被充电的周期tcharge之后的帧周期tF结束才闭合。该开关11闭合，例如一段短周期tswitch，该周期长到足以使得有关的二极管(LED)20在校正调整中发光。因为所有(期望的)LEDs以最大效率导通一段短时间，在此模式中的性能恶化比在传统的无源和有源结构中的性能恶化更小。借助于一个驱动电路(未示出)，开关的占空比tswitch/tf，如果需要，作为温度或老化的函数而被调整，从而使得效率基本保持恒定(最佳的)。还可以选择占空比对于每种颜色不同(在彩色显示器中)并且因此获得最佳的彩色点。
开关11优选在单晶硅中实现。以此方式，可以快速地提供一个驱动全部象素所需的大电流。该开关可以，例如，在一个驱动IC中实现。使用时还可以由一些并联开关构成。
在图1的电路中，一个(调整)晶体管22，23可以按需分配。图5显示了一个具有额外晶体管26的变型，该晶体管26基本上与晶体管22相同并且具有一个经由开关27连接到节点25并因此连接到晶体管21的栅极的栅极，晶体管21的栅极宽度，例如，晶体管26的栅极宽度的数十倍。在电容器24充电过程中，开关27闭合使得在节点25处的电压获得一个期望值。在选择时间终点，或在另一个适当的时刻，开关27打开。在电容器两端的电压确定了在开关11闭合期间流过晶体管21的电流并因此确定了在开关11闭合期间流过LED20的电流。在包括电容器24和晶体管21的存储元件处的电压现在可以借助由晶体管26，27构成的“电流镜”来调整，该电流镜具有比LED工作时小得多的电流(10倍的缩减因子)。在一些或所有象素调整之后，多个LEDs20通过闭合一个或多个开关11而被同时驱动。
在本发明范围内当然可以具有几个变型。在给定的应用中，并非所有象素需要在LED驱动启动之前预先调整。另外，用双极型晶体管来实现是切实可行的。
本发明的保护范围并不限于所述实施例。本发明存在于每个或每一新颖性特征和这些特征的每个或每一组合中。在权利要求中的参考标记不限于这些权利要求的保护范围。动词“包括”的使用和其结合不排除在存在除权利要求中描述的元件之外的元件。在一个元件之前使用词“一个”不排除存在多个这种元件。

Claims (9)

1.一个包括在行(8)和列(7)电极的交叉处的象素矩阵的显示设备(1)，每个象素包括一个具有一个存储元件(24)的电流调整电路(21，24)以及与电流调整电路(21，24)相串联的发光元件(20)，其中：
(a)在每个象素之处的电流调整电路(21，24)包括用于调整通过该像素的发光元件(20)的电流的晶体管(21)；以及
(b)该显示设备(1)包括把多个发光元件(20)连接到一个工作电压的开关(11)，
该显示设备的特征至于：
(c)每个象素包括一个附加电路，该电路连接到所述存储元件(24)并由两个串联的晶体管组成，所述两个晶体管中的至少一个(22)利用它的栅极电极连接到一个共用行电极，还利用主电极连接到一个列电极(7)，以从电流源(10)接收电流。
2.权利要求1所述的显示设备(1)，其特征在于，在两个串联晶体管的共用点以电导通的方式连接到发光元件(20)的一个电极。
3.权利要求1所述的显示设备(1)，其特征在于，该存储元件包括一个在该晶体管(21)的栅极电极和该晶体管(21)的另一连接(12)之间的电容器(24)。
4.权利要求3所述的显示设备(1)，其特征在于，该附加电路(22，23)连接到象素中的存储元件(24)，附加电路(22，23)可操作为用于调整在存储元件处所记录的电压，而电流基本上被阻止流过象素中的发光元件(20)。
5.权利要求1所述的显示设备(1)，其特征在于，所述列电极都可连接到相应的电流源(10)。
6.权利要求1所述的显示设备(1)，其特征在于，附加电路(22，26)包括一个用以将附加电路(22，26)隔离存储元件(24)的开关。
7.权利要求1所述的显示设备(1)，其特征在于，所述显示设备(1)包括用于改变其中开关(11)闭合的时间段的驱动装置。
8.权利要求7所述的显示设备，其特征在于，所述的显示设备被安排为可操作地用于显示颜色图像，用于彼此有不同颜色的发光元件的所述驱动装置被安排成使得它们的相关的开关在不同的时间段都是可开关的。
9.权利要求1所述的显示设备，其特征在于，发光元件包括一个有机的发光二极管(LED)或一个聚合体发光二极管(LED)。
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