CN1215440A - 共挤塑单丝 - Google Patents

共挤塑单丝 Download PDF

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CN1215440A
CN1215440A CN96197619.5A CN96197619A CN1215440A CN 1215440 A CN1215440 A CN 1215440A CN 96197619 A CN96197619 A CN 96197619A CN 1215440 A CN1215440 A CN 1215440A
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nylon
monofilament
resin
coextruded monofilaments
monofilaments
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CN1088768C (zh
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R·L·雷克莱
C·F·内尔森
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
    • A46D1/02—Bristles details
    • A46D1/023—Bristles with at least a core and at least a partial sheath
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y10T428/2931—Fibers or filaments nonconcentric [e.g., side-by-side or eccentric, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y10T428/2969—Polyamide, polyimide or polyester
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
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    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y10T428/2978—Surface characteristic

Abstract

本发明涉及一种共挤塑单丝,它包括由第一树脂形成的芯材料和由第二树脂形成的皮材料(所述第二树脂不同于第一树脂)和在单丝端部形成的袋。本发明还涉及通过化学或机械手段在共挤塑单丝端部形成袋的方法。

Description

共挤塑单丝
本发明要求美国临时申请No.60/005,542(1995年10月18日提交)的优先权。
                    发明背景
1．发明领域
本发明涉及可以用作例如牙刷的刚毛的共挤塑单丝。
2．相关领域的描述
由尼龙6,12或聚酯制成的刚毛的横截面一般是圆形的，刚毛的端部是圆润的。当用于牙刷时，圆润的端部是优选的，因为使用端部圆润的刚毛不易损害口腔中的软组织和硬组织。
                    发明概要
本发明涉及一种共挤塑单丝，它包括由第一树脂构成的芯材料和由第二树脂构成的皮材料(所述第二树脂不同于第一树脂)和在单丝端部形成的袋(pocket)。
本发明还涉及通过化学或机械手段或其组合在共挤塑单丝端部形成袋的方法。
                    附图简述
图1是按照本发明方法制造的共挤塑单丝的立视图的截面视图。
图2是图1的共挤塑单丝的顶视图；
图3是常规单丝的立视图；
图4是图3的常规单丝的顶视图；
图5是本发明共挤塑单丝的端部形成的袋的放大318x的扫描电子显微图。
图6是本发明共挤塑单丝的端部形成的袋放大50x的的照片。
图7是本发明共挤塑单丝的端部形成的袋放大242x的扫描电子显微图。
图8是本发明共挤塑单丝的端部形成的袋的放大照片。
图9是本发明共挤塑单丝的端部形成的袋放大158x的扫描电子显微图。
图10是本发明共挤塑单丝的端部形成的袋放大419x的扫描电子显微图。
            本发明的详细描述
本发明涉及一种共挤塑单丝，它包括由第一树脂构成的芯材料和由第二树脂构成的皮材料(所述第二树脂不同于第一树脂)和在单丝端部形成的袋。本发明的目的是保留一种材料(例如清洗材料)，使得比起在常规单丝的圆润端上的清洗材料来，单丝中的清洗材料与待清洗表面有较长时间的接触。例如，如果共挤塑单丝被用作牙刷刚毛，该袋将使牙膏与牙齿的接触时间比起常规的端部圆润的共挤塑单丝的更长。
在本文中，术语“芯”是指共挤塑单丝从横截面观察时的中心部分。在本文中，术语“皮”是指共挤塑单丝芯材料上的外部包覆层。
皮材料与芯材料的组合的例子包括皮材料是尼龙6；尼龙6,6；尼龙6,10；尼龙6,12，尼龙6,9；尼龙11；尼龙12；尼龙6与尼龙6,6的共聚物；尼龙10,10；及其混合物；芯材料是共聚酯醚，例如商标为Hytrel的共聚酯醚(E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company ofWilmington,Delaware)。
皮材料与芯材料的组合的其它例子包括其中皮材料是尼龙，聚酯、特别是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)，聚氨酯，聚偏二氯乙烯或其混合物，芯材料是聚氯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯共聚物，聚苯乙烯或其混合物。
对于共挤塑单丝的芯或皮的横截面的形状没有限制。它们两者都可以是圆形、三角形、正方形、五边形、六边形、椭圆形、叶形、三眼形、四眼形或任何其它形状。
共挤塑单丝可以通过本领域已知的常规方法制备，例如美国专利No.5,313,909所述的方法。重要的是，芯和皮是由不同的材料构成的，以获得本发明的所有利益。
单丝中的袋可以通过机械或化学的手段，或者通过将化学和机械手段结合的方法来制造。
制造单丝端部的袋的一种方法是用例如细不锈钢刷子磨蚀单丝的端部来形成袋。可以向皮材料中加入耐磨蚀添加剂例如聚乙烯、硅油或无机添加剂例如滑石或二氧化钛，使得芯材料优先被机械磨蚀。
形成袋的另一方法是使单丝端部与能够溶解或降解芯材料但不溶解或降解皮材料的溶剂接触。单丝与溶剂的接触时间和溶剂的温度都对袋的深度构成影响。
如果芯材料是共聚酯醚，那么适宜的溶剂是二氯乙烷、antine、四氯化碳、氯代磺酸、乙基氯、二氯乙烯、肼、37％盐酸、全氯乙烯、苯酚、硝酸、硫酸或110F蒸汽。其中大部分溶剂对尼龙几乎没有影响，在暴露时间短时更是如此。
如果芯材料是聚氯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚苯乙烯或其混合物，则适宜的溶剂是丙酮。
皮聚合物和芯聚合物的其它例子是皮聚合物为尼龙6,10或尼龙6,12，芯聚合物为尼龙6或尼龙6,6。对于这样的共挤塑单丝，稀盐酸是用来在共挤塑单丝的端部形成袋的适宜溶剂。
本发明的共挤塑单丝另一例子是皮聚合物为尼龙6,12，芯聚合物为尼龙6,10。90％甲酸溶液是用来在共挤塑单丝的端部形成袋的适宜溶剂。
形成共挤塑单丝中袋的另一种方法是将紫外光抑制剂加到皮聚合物中，但不加到芯聚合物中，将共挤塑单丝暴露在强烈的紫外光下，以有优先解在共挤塑单丝端部的芯材料。然后，必要时可以将共挤塑单丝进行进一步机械处理以形成所需比例的袋。
袋的深度应当为大约0.001-0.250英寸(0.025-6.4毫米)。
共挤塑单丝的直径应当为大约0.001-0.100英寸(0.025-2.5毫米)，并且芯面积与共挤塑单丝面积之比应当为大约0.1-0.9，优选的比率为大约0.25-0.75。
可以将单丝弄成一簇丛毛，连接到刷子上。可以使用这些单丝的刷子的种类的例子包括牙刷，但本发明不限于任何具体类型的刷子，可以用于任何种类的刷子。
本发明的共挤塑单丝的端部可以用常规方法使其呈现旗状。“旗状”是指本发明的在端部具有袋的共挤塑单丝的端部可以用常规方法从单丝端部到袋的底部分裂开，在单丝的底部形成所谓“旗状”。这些旗子包括袋的下凹部分，并且提供了与未下垂的端部具有袋的共挤塑单丝相同的益处。
                    实施例实施例1
用常规方法制造芯为Hytrel4056共聚酯醚和皮为尼龙612的共挤塑单丝。将单丝返绕通过纺丝线中的调节器而使其于125℃下调节，然后加工成丝束。芯横截面积为单丝总横截面的25％。
将这些共挤塑单丝弄成牙刷丛毛簇并将单丝的端部进行常规磨圆。
用0.003英寸不锈钢毛的细不锈钢刷磨蚀丛毛形式的共挤塑单丝的端部2-3分钟，以在单丝的端部形成袋(如图7所示)。
将3英寸(76.2毫米)直径的不锈钢刷以1200转/分的速率旋转。不锈钢刷和刚毛之间采用大约0.5英寸(12.7毫米)的公盈。从而刚毛的端部被磨蚀，但由于芯材料是较软的树脂，所以在刚毛的端部形成了0.02英寸深的小袋。实施例2-比较例
如实施例1那样制成芯为PET和皮为尼龙6,12的共挤塑单丝，不同的是调节温度为175℃。芯横截面积为50％PET。采用比实施例1较高的调节温度是因为实施例1的芯的熔点为150℃，而本实施例的PET芯具有255℃的较高熔点，所以采用了标准尼龙6,12调节温度。
象实施例1那样将刚毛加工为牙刷，用不锈钢刷进行类似的机械处理。然而，本实施例没有形成袋，因为PET芯未被优先磨蚀。因而，刚毛的顶端具有如图3所示的轮廓。需要将化学和机械处理方法结合起来，以便在本实施例的皮芯组合的共挤塑单丝的端部形成袋。实施例3
如实施例2那样制成芯为PET和皮为尼龙6,12的共挤塑单丝。皮横截面积为单丝横截面积的70％。
从实施例1和2的共挤塑单丝制得牙刷。用不锈钢刷将单丝端部磨蚀大约2-3分钟。从图5可以看出，虽然形成的袋不象实施例1的那么深，但该单丝的外观与实施例1的类似。70％芯产生的袋的确比实施例1的宽。实施例4
如实施例1那样制成共挤塑单丝并捆成直径大约2英寸的束。用与实施例1相同的不锈钢刷磨蚀单丝束中共挤塑单丝的端部，不同的是磨蚀进行大约15分钟。共挤塑单丝的中心截面象实施例1那样缩入而形成袋，它表明本发明的共挤塑单丝既可以丝束也可以牙刷的形成进行加工。实施例5
如实施例1那样制成具有共挤塑单丝的牙刷，但进行化学处理而不是进行机械处理。将牙刷的共挤塑单丝的端部暴露在二氯甲烷中大约12分钟，它是Hytrel共聚酯醚的强溶剂，但不是尼龙612的溶剂。将共挤塑单丝端部的芯溶解形成袋，并将共挤塑单丝进行机械磨蚀大约1-3分钟，以使单丝的端部平滑。刚毛的照片示于图6和图8中。实施例6
如实施例4那样制成共挤塑单丝的丝束，通过将端部浸入浅二氯甲烷浴大约10分钟来处理共挤塑单丝的端部，以在单丝端部形成袋。用实施例1的不锈钢刷对共挤塑单丝端部进行机械处理，以使单丝端部圆滑。图9示出了这些刚毛放大158倍的照片，图10示出了放大419倍的照片。对袋深度与宽度进行比较，估计本实施例形成的袋大约0.004英寸(0.1毫米)深。实施例7-比较例
制成具有尼龙6,12皮和尼龙6,12芯的共挤塑单丝，皮和芯的横截面积都是单丝横截面积的50％。挤出单丝并象实施例3那样调节，加工成刷子。象实施例3那样用不锈钢刷磨蚀单丝的端部。在单丝的端部未形成袋，端部具有如图3所示的通常的圆形外观。

Claims (14)

1．一种共挤塑单丝，它包括
第一树脂的芯材料，
第二树脂的皮材料，所述第二树脂不同于第一树脂，和
在单丝端部形成的袋。
2．权利要求1的共挤塑单丝，其中皮材料是尼龙6；尼龙6,6；尼龙6,10；尼龙6,12，尼龙6,9；尼龙11；尼龙12；尼龙6与尼龙6,6的共聚物；尼龙10,10；及其混合物，并且芯材料是共聚酯醚。
3．权利要求1的共挤塑单丝，其中皮材料是尼龙、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚偏二氯乙烯或其混合物，芯材料是聚氯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯共聚物，聚苯乙烯或其混合物。
4．权利要求1的共挤塑单丝，其中皮材料是尼龙6,10或尼龙6,12芯材料是尼龙6，尼龙6,10或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
5．权利要求1的共挤塑单丝，其中芯材料的横截面积占单丝横截面积的大约10-90％(重量)。
6．权利要求1的共挤塑单丝，其中芯材料的横截面积占单丝横截面积的大约25-75％(重量)。
7．权利要求1的共挤塑单丝，其中袋的深度从单丝端部算起为大约0.001-0.250英寸。
8．权利要求1的共挤塑单丝，其中皮横截面的形状是圆形、三角形、正方形、五边形、六边形、椭圆形、叶形、三眼形或四眼形。
9．权利要求1的共挤塑单丝，其中皮横截面的形状是圆形、三角形、正方形、五边形、六边形、椭圆形、叶形、三眼形或四眼形。
10．权利要求1的共挤塑单丝，其中使共挤塑单丝的端部呈旗状。
11．包括许多权利要求1的共挤塑单丝的丝束。
12．包括一个把手和具有至少一个连接有丛毛的头部的刷子，所述丛毛包括许多权利要求1的单丝。
13．在共挤塑单体端部形成袋的方法，包括提供具有第一树脂芯材料和第二树脂皮材料的单丝，所述第二树脂与所述第一树脂不同，和磨蚀单丝的芯，以在单丝的端部形成袋。
14．在共挤塑单体端部形成袋的方法，包括提供具有第一树脂芯材料和第二树脂皮材料的单丝，所述第二树脂与所述第一树脂不同，和使单丝的端部与能够溶解芯材料但不能溶解皮材料的溶剂接触，以在单丝的端部形成袋。
CN96197619A 1995-10-18 1996-10-11 共挤塑单丝、含其的丝束和刷子及在单丝端部形成袋的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1088768C (zh)

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