CN1207659A - 用导线及其导管放置腔内移植物 - Google Patents

用导线及其导管放置腔内移植物 Download PDF

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CN1207659A
CN1207659A CN96199579A CN96199579A CN1207659A CN 1207659 A CN1207659 A CN 1207659A CN 96199579 A CN96199579 A CN 96199579A CN 96199579 A CN96199579 A CN 96199579A CN 1207659 A CN1207659 A CN 1207659A
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G·H·怀特
于蔚云
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Abstract

本发明描述了一种在患者体内的分支管腔中放置一种腔内移植物的方法以及在该方法中使用的一种运送导管。这种运送导管(24)包括一根细长的导管,在靠近其一端优选安置一个可膨胀的球囊(20),球囊外周放置的一个腔内移植物(10)分支延伸为两个短管状部分(19a,19b),而一根装有导丝(26)的细长附加导管(25)沿第一管状延伸部(19a)逆血流而上并沿移植物的另一短管状延伸部(19b)顺血流而下。这种应用运送导管放置腔内移植物的方法尤其适用于一种裤形移植物的准确放置,以使其架桥于那种自单一管腔(如主动脉)沿至一条或多条分支管腔(如髂动脉)的动脉瘤内。

Description

用导线及其导管放置腔内移植物
发明领域
本发明涉及一种在分支动脉内放置一种腔内移植物的方法以及在该方法中所应用的一种导管。
技术背景
众所周知,人体内的动脉由于疾病极易被延展的肉瘤,如动脉瘤的发展所影响,而这种动脉瘤则很容易破裂。传统上动脉瘤是完全由外科手段治疗的。这种治疗方法对患者来说危险较大,并且在许多病例中由于患者已存在其他疾病而无法施行。新近提出了许多在腔内放置腔内移植物以架桥于动脉瘤囊内的方法,从而使一条活性的动脉导管与动脉瘤囊隔离开来。其中的一种方法在澳大利亚专利申请第78035/94号中有所阐述。
当动脉瘤是始于一条单一动脉而延伸至一条或多条分支动脉时,放置上述腔内移植物则面临困难。在这种情况下须启用一种所谓的“裤形移植物”。这种移植物由一个单一的管状物分支为两个较小的管状体,目的在于其单一的管状体被放置于单一的动脉内而两个较小的管状体则分别置于两支分支动脉内(如见Barone美国专利第5,360,443号)。实践证明很难有效地放置这种裤形移植物。
本发明涉及一种被设计用来帮助在分支动脉内安置腔内移植物的新方法及所用的导管。
发明公开
本发明的第一方面包括一种运送导管,该导管包括:
(a)一根细长的导管,包括第一端及第二端;
(b)一个置于细长导管的外围的腔内移植物,其体部的第一端位于邻近细长导管的第一端,具有一个管状部分,其体部的第二端分支为第一及第二管状移植物延伸部,上述细长导管自第一管状移植物延伸部向上延伸入管状部分;以及
(c)一根附加导丝沿第一方向通过第一管状移植物延伸部延伸,并沿第二个不同的方向伸入第二管状移植物延伸部。
本发明的另一方面,包括一种在患者体内的分支管腔中放置一腔内移植物的方法,该管腔包括一条单一的分支前管腔,该分支前管腔分支为一对分支后管腔,上述方法包括:
(a)将第一个在体部第一端有一管状部分而第二端分支为第一和第二管状移植物延伸部的腔内移植物导入一条分支后管腔,在第一个腔内移植物中放置有一根沿第一方向通过第一管状移植物延伸并沿第二个不同的方向伸入第二管状移植物延伸部的导丝;
(b)将第一个腔内移植物的第一端与第二管状移植物延伸部放置在分支前管腔内,撑开移植物,直到至少该移植物的第一端与分支前管腔的周壁相接触;
(c)将与移植物相应的导丝沿第二个不同的方向延伸入另一分支后管腔,以及
(d)将第二个含有上游端和下游端的腔内移植物导入另一分支后管腔,并利用上述导丝或置于其位置上的另一根导丝移动第二个腔内移植物,直到使其上游端位于第二管状移植物延伸部之内或环绕其外,而下游端位于另一分支后管腔内,同时使第二个腔内移植物的上游端与第二管状移植物延伸部接合形成流体通路。
本发明所涉及的导管及方法优选使用按照澳大利亚专利申请第78035/94号所公开的发明而制造的带可膨胀球囊的移植物,该专利申请的内容在此引证作为参考。可有一个可膨胀的球囊位于或邻近细长导管的一端,而腔内移植物安置于球囊周围。其他适宜的可膨胀球囊或者可自动膨胀的斯坦特装置或移植物亦可用于实施本发明。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,至少部分放置于分支后管腔的腔内移植物可有多种直径尺寸,这就保证了能有合适的移植物有效地适应常规手术实践中分支后管腔的不同直径。在一实施方案中,腔内移植物的外径至少沿其干体长度部分呈正锥形或倒锥形变化,从而使腔内移植物具有不同的直径。另一实施方案中,直径的变化是由在组成移植物的两个不同直径的基本圆柱形部分之间连接上一个较短的逐步变粗或逐步变细的锥体而实现的。腔内移植物的上游端优选有一标准直径,以便与完全置于分支后管腔内的腔内移植物各个管状移植物延伸部进行可靠的连接。
下面作为参考描述在一分支动脉内安置裤形移植物这一本发明的典型应用。然而,该发明尚可用于其他体内管腔如静脉和胆管中。
腔内移植物最好能具有一定的长度,以便每一管形移植物延伸部均可延伸至动脉分支的上游端。在这种方案中,一个独立的管状移植物被用来连接各个管状延伸部及与之相关的远端动脉。在另一方案中,上述腔内移植物具有的一个长度足以使之伸入第一支远端动脉的管状延伸部。这种情况下则有第二个管状移植物将另一位于分叉上方的管状延伸部与第二支远端动脉连接起来。
通过第一管状移植物延伸部逆血流而上并延伸第二延伸部顺血流而下的导丝优选为很细并且基本为抗扭结的。在一实施方案中,附加导丝可以通过一管道延伸入移植物内。在另一实施方案中,一条附加导管通过第一管状移植物延伸部逆流而上并顺流向下延伸进入第二管状移植物延伸部,且该附加导管中含有导丝。3弗仑奇的附加导管尤其适用。附加导管及导丝在被缚于细长导管周围之前可以被疏松地置于移植物内。或者附加导管被连接于移植物的某段长度上。另一种可能的选择是部分导管与部分移植物相交织或连接。更进一步的可能情况则为附加导管嵌于移植物壁结构上的管道中。设计以上多种方法的目的在于在将移植物插入动脉系统的过程中更好地固定附加导丝以及与其相关的导管。
本发明的再一个方面还包括一种自患者体内的主动脉延至两侧髂动脉将腔内移植物穿越放置在动脉瘤之内的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)切开或穿刺以暴露患者的一侧股动脉;
(b)插入第一根导丝,使其通过暴露的股动脉、相应的骼动脉以及主动脉而横越动脉瘤;
(c)沿第一根导丝导入第一根导管鞘并使其横越动脉瘤;
(d)抽出第一根导丝;
(e)沿第一根导管鞘插入第二根相对硬的导丝并使其横越动脉瘤;
(f)抽出第一根导管鞘;
(g)沿第二根导丝导入第二根直径较粗的导管鞘并使其横越动脉瘤;
(h)在第二根直径较粗的导管鞘内沿第二根导丝导入第一根运送导管,该导管一端附近带有一个未膨胀的球囊,球囊外围安置有第一个腔内移植物,此第一个腔内移植物在其体部第一端有一管状部分;导管第二端分支为第一和第二管状移植物延伸部;含有第三条导丝的第三条导管在第一个移植物内沿第一方向通过第一管状移植物延伸部延伸并沿第二个不同的方向进入第二管状移植物延伸部;
(i)固定第一根运送导管以使第一个移植物的第一端位于动脉瘤的上游;
(j)部分抽出第二根较粗直径的导管鞘以游离第一个腔内移植物;
(k)膨胀球囊从而撑开第一个腔内移植物的第一端,直到它在动脉瘤的上方与主动脉管壁紧密接合;
(l)将球囊放气,使血液向下流经第一个移植物从而撑开第一及第二管状移植物延伸部;
(m)沿第二方向顺血流向下将第三根导丝导入对侧骼动脉及股动脉;
(n)在对侧股动脉做切开或穿刺以引出第三根导丝;
(o)沿同侧股动脉抽出第三根导管;
(p)经对侧股、骼动脉沿第三根导丝导入第四根导管鞘并使其进入第一个移植物内并至少到达第二管状移植物延伸部的顶端;
(q)经同侧股动脉抽出第三根导丝;
(r)经第四根导管鞘导入第四根直径相对粗的导丝并使该导丝至少到达第二管状移植物延伸部的顶端;
(s)经对侧股动脉抽出第四根导管鞘;
(t)沿第四根导丝导入第五根直径较粗的导管鞘,使该导管鞘至少到达第二管状移植物延伸部的顶端;
(u)在第五个较粗直径的导管鞘内沿第四根导丝导入第二个运送导管,该运送导管的一端带有一个未膨胀的球囊,球囊外围安置了具有一个上游端与一个下游端的第二个腔内移植物;将第二个移植物的上游端一直送入第二管状移植物延伸部内;
(v)部分抽出第五根导管鞘以游离第二个腔内移植物;
(w)膨胀第二根运送导管上的球囊从而撑开第二个腔内移植物的上游端,直到它与第二管状移植物延伸部紧密接合;
(x)在保持球囊膨胀的情况下自同侧股动脉抽出第一根运送导管;
(y)一旦第一根运送导管移出同侧股动脉即将球囊放气;
(z)经对侧股动脉完全抽出第五根导管鞘;
(aa)在第二根导管鞘内沿第二根导丝导入第三根运送导管,该运送导管的一端带有一个未膨胀的球囊,球囊外围安置有具有一个上游端与一个下游端的第三个腔内移植物,将第三个移植物的上游端一直送入第一管状移植物延伸部;
(bb)部分抽出第二根导管鞘以游离第三个腔内移植物;
(cc)膨胀第三根运送导管上的球囊从而撑开第三个腔内移植物的上游,直到它与第一管状移植物延伸部紧密接合;
(dd)将第三根运送导管上的球囊放气;
(ee)经对侧股动脉抽出第二根运送导管,经同侧股动脉抽出第三根运送导管;
(ff)经对侧股动脉抽出第四根导丝及第五根导管鞘,并缝合该动脉上的切口或穿刺部位;
(gg)经同侧股动脉抽出第二根导丝及第二根导管鞘并缝合该动脉上的切口或穿刺部位。
附图简述
图1为部分剖开的患者正视轮廓图,显示了依本发明在患者的主动脉瘤内架设腔内移植物;
图2显示了用于图1所描述方法中的管状腔内移植物的侧视图;
图3为图2所示腔内移植物的纵向沿直径剖开的剖视图;
图4为图2所示腔内移植物一端的详细视图;
图5为图4所示腔内移植物第一端的详细透视图,显示移植物端线的各个峪在插入移植物在过程中是如何呈放射状向外推出的;
图6及6a为实施本方法时所应用的运送导管上安置的可分支移植物的两种实施方案的垂直剖视图;
图6b为导管及导丝游离端分别安置的可膨胀球囊在充气时的放大图;
图6c为图6b所示装置在球囊未充气时的纵向剖视图;
图6d为一根在游离端具有可膨胀伞状物的导丝的简明剖视图;
图7a至7i显示了实施本发明方法的各个步骤;
图8a至8f为可用于本发明方法的更多不同腔内移植物的简明侧视图;
图9为可用于实施本方法的一根运送导管上所安置的管状移植物的一种实施方案的垂直剖视图。
实施本发明的优选方案
应用一种包括三个腔内移植物10,10a及10b的分支形成裤形移植物经患者股动脉插入,可达到架桥并闭塞一个延伸入左骼动脉的主动脉瘤的目的。如图1所示,主动脉11与左、右髂动脉13、12相连。主动脉瘤位于肾动脉14、15与髂动脉12、13之间并向下延伸入左髂动脉13。
每一个腔内移植物(图2-5所示)可以包括一个由聚酯编织而成的波形管16。其他材料包括聚四氟乙烯、聚氨酯及其复合物亦可应用于此。管道16沿其长轴由一些不相连并有一定间距的不锈钢金属丝17进行加固(每一金属丝可具有通常所描述的闭合正弦形图形)。金属丝17优选尽可能细,典型的直径为0.3至0.4毫米。金属丝17具有可塑性,可被弯曲成任何预先设计的形状,也就是说,它们并非在任何大的范围内均有弹性,因此它们必须被外力撑开而非靠自身的弹性撑开与主动脉相接合。每根金属丝17均被编织于管道16的纤维结构中,这样每根金属丝17的各个嵴突出于管道16之外,而其余部分在管16内部(下文将提及的最末端的金属丝17除外)。每根金属丝17的末端均置于管16外并扭结在一起形成尾端18。各末端除可如上文所述扭结在一起形成尾端18外,尚可被卷曲在一起。各金属丝17的尾端18沿管道16的外表面被弯成背向纵轴的方向。
最末端的金属丝17a突出于管16的各个末端之外,以便金属丝17a的各个嵴在管16的末端之上沿纵轴方向延伸。金属丝17a的最末端优选具有大约6mm左右的振幅与一适当的波长,后者应使6~8个嵴环绕分布于直径为22mm的移植物之周壁。紧接的两根相邻  金属丝17优选尽可能地靠近最末端的金属丝17a并分别具有4mm与5mm的振幅。这些金属丝将典型地与末端金属丝17a具有相同的波长。此后,沿移植物分布的金属丝17将具有15mm的间隔,6mm的振幅,并固定地具有与末端金属丝17a最初相同的波长。
由于动脉瘤主动脉11延伸至骼动脉12与13的分支处上方,因此单个管状移植物尚不足以架桥于动脉瘤内同时保证血液流向每支骼动脉12与13。本方法使用了三个独立的管状移植物10,10a与10b以代替单个的管状移植物。第一个移植物10的下游端提供了一个分支以形成一对短管状移植物延伸部19a,19b。短管状移植物延伸部19a、19b可以被血液被动地撑开或被球囊膨胀主动地撑开或借助弹力自动撑开。
如图8(a)至(f)良好地显示那样用于延伸入各髂动脉12、13的移植物部分10a与10b分别具有一个相同直径的上游端。这些上游端分别与置于主动脉11中的移植物10的延伸部19a及19b相接合。这种接合优选地为上游端由球囊膨胀或靠弹力自动膨胀而使各上游端分别与延伸部19a,19b的摩擦接合。
除具有圆柱形的直管外,移植物部分10a与10b的下游端35尚可被制成多种直径以适应移植物部分的10a与10b所植入的髂动脉的不同直径。
直径的变化是由一段较短的逐渐变细的部分31(见图8c)或一段逐渐变粗的部分32(见图8d)提供的,或者由一段沿移植物部分10a或10b的长轴方向延伸并逐渐变细的圆锥体部分33与34提供的(见图8e与8f)。
下面将参照图7a至7i讲述放置腔内移植物的方法。为实施该方法需行切开或穿刺以暴露一侧股动脉(即同侧),该动脉延自相应的髂动脉,应用Seldinger穿刺技术将一根直径为0.035″、尖端柔软可弯曲的导丝插入并穿过股动脉、髂动脉12并进入主动脉11以使其横越动脉瘤。随后将一根8弗仑奇的止血鞘沿导丝导入以止血。再导入一根管腔造影导管进行管腔造影以显示肾动脉14、15的位置以及患者体内其他有关的解剖结构。
随后抽出尖端柔软的可弯曲导丝并插入一根Amplatz extra  stiff(AES)导丝23(直径为0.035″),使其穿过管腔造影导管进入主动脉11(见图7a)。抽出管腔造影导管,将硬导丝23留于体内。此后沿硬导丝23导入一根优选为24弗仑奇的导管鞘21与套针(见图7a)。再将一根球囊导管24导入导管鞘21。
正如图6所详细显示的,球囊导管24是一根预先固定有分支移植物10的运送导管,该分支移植物具有两个在分支点40分开的第一和第二管状移植物延伸部19a、19b,而一条含有导丝26的细导管25沿第一方向通过第一管状移植物延伸部19a延伸并沿第二个不同的方向进入第二移植物延伸部19b。
球囊导管24与细导管25可以在移植物10以下由一根共同的导管鞘56连结在一起,以便更好地保证在管腔中安置移植物10时能准确放置细导管25与金属丝26。除可在管状移植物延伸部19a、19b中滑动外,细导管25可在将移植物10插入管腔之前固定于移植物10中。导丝26可以被缝合、粘着或编织入移植物10体内。
由于图6显示导丝26被置于导管25之内,可以设想只有导丝26仅可被置于第一与第二管状移植物延伸部19a、19b。在图6a所示的另一种方案中,导丝26被置于移植物10体内所形成的一条管状通道22内。通道22保证了导丝26在将移植物10固定于球囊20外之后、将球囊导管24置于主动脉11内之前能够保持在第一与第二管状移植物延伸部19a、19b内的预期位置。
当球囊导管24已被安置于主动脉11之内的预期位置之后,导管鞘21将被部分抽出以游离移植物10,随后膨胀球囊(见图7b)。导管24上球囊20的膨胀撑开了第一个移植物10的上游端,并使其在动脉瘤的上方、肾动脉14与15的下游端与主动脉壁紧密接合。第一个移植物10所具有的长度将恰好使短管状移植物的延伸部19a、19b完全置于主动脉11内。此时将球囊20放气但仍保持球囊导管24于原位(见图7c)。球囊20放气后将使血液经移植物10内流下从而撑开各个管状移植物延伸部19a、19b。
细导管25优选为3弗仑奇而导丝26优选抗扭结材料以使导丝26能沿导管25向下游方向延伸(见图7c)。导丝26的顶端可带有一个小的可膨胀球囊55或其他促进漂流的装置,如图6所示。在延伸导丝26时球囊55可被膨胀从而在血流的推动下帮助导丝26进入对侧髂动脉。导丝26优选包括一个Nitinol核心与一个亲水性的外套。还可在导管25的游离端安装一个球囊50。有关上述球囊50、55例子的更详细描述见图6b及6c。球囊50、55膨胀后可分别有助于导管25及导丝26由血流携带并导入对侧髂动脉13。
图6b与6c显示了分别接于导管25及导丝26游离端的球囊50、55的放大图像,由图可见导管25具有两个腔52和53。导丝26穿过第一腔52。第二个腔53的两端是密闭的,而在导管25的外表面开有一个小孔51。在50a处乳胶球囊50被环形缚于导管25的外表面。当准备膨胀球囊50时,液体或气体经过第二个腔53向下注入,随后经孔51使球囊50膨胀。同样地,导丝26亦含有腔54,可经其注入气体以使置于导丝26游离端的球囊55膨胀。
尽管可膨胀球囊为优选的,但亦可设想采用其他的可膨胀装置。例如在另一实施方案中,导管25与导丝26上的球囊50、55可以被一种可撑开的伞形物所代替。图6d即显示了一种可被利用的伞形物类型的例子。伞形物70被安置于导丝26的游离端。图6d所示为伞形物70被撑开的结构,它被一根经过导丝26内腔72的金属丝71所撑开。金属丝71附着于支撑物72上,当回抽金属丝71时,支撑物72联动撑开伞形物70。尽管导丝26上设有伞形物70,我们也可以设想在导管25上应用其它相似的装置。另一备选实施方案为将导丝26上的球囊55替换成由环氧树脂或钛等制成的固体小珠,如图6e所示。优选小珠80的剖面尺寸大于导丝26。
在一实际操作中,希望一旦导管25被送至管腔中的预期位置,则膨胀导管25游离端的球囊50,直到球囊50与管腔壁贴合并将导管25固定于管腔内的预期位置,从而可在导丝26通过管腔时起到成为另一支撑物的作用。
一旦导丝26被准确置于对侧股动脉内,则钳闭股动脉两端并于中间行动脉切开。如果导丝26已被全部导导入对侧股动脉,则经过动脉上的切口或穿刺点抽出导丝可轻易重视导丝26。如果导丝26未被全部导入对侧股动脉,则可应用一网状物或类似装置经对侧股动脉套住导丝26从而将其经切口或穿刺点抽出。抽出导丝26后即可由同侧抽出细导管25,并沿导丝26由对侧股动脉送入另一导管27至第一个移植物10内,并使其至少达到第二管状移植物延伸部19b的顶端(见图7d)。随后抽出细导丝26而经对侧股动脉向导管27内插入一较粗的导丝30。再将导管27抽出,而沿硬导丝30导入一根优选24弗仑奇的导管鞘21a及套针(见图7e)。
在将导丝26伸入对侧髂、股动脉之前,可沿对侧股、髂动脉逆血流向上插入一导管鞘(可类似于导管鞘21),从而减少这些动脉可能存在的曲度以利于导丝26的导入。
如图9所示的装有第二个管状移植物10a的第二根球囊导管24a可沿导管鞘21a导入,直到其上端恰好位于第二管状延伸部内而下端在髂动脉内。将导管24a上的球囊20a膨胀,以使移植物10a的上端与第二管状延伸部19b摩擦接合(见图7f)。在经同侧动脉12抽出第一根球囊导管24时导管24a上膨胀的球囊20a可对移植物10a起支撑作用。随后将导管24a上的球囊20a放气而仍保持导管24a于原位,使之在放置第三个移植物10b时能够继续支撑主动脉11内的移植物10、10a。
此后取走导管鞘21a(见图7f及7g),沿导丝23导入安有管状移植物10b的第三根球囊导管(第三根球囊导管与移植物10b如图9所示)。将该第三根球囊导管不断伸入直至其上游端位于第一管状延伸部19a之内。部分抽出导管鞘21后膨胀球囊,置于第三根球囊导管上的第三个移植物随即向前推进,直到其上游端与第一管状延伸部19a相接触,而其下游端与右髂动脉相接触(见图7h)。
现在抽出硬导丝23及30,缝合时侧切口或穿刺点。进行第二次管腔造影检查,如果移植物10、10a与10b准确放置且功能正常,则可抽出止血导管鞘21,并缝合右股动脉切口或穿刺点。结果是有功能的裤形移植物架桥于动脉瘤内,如图7i所示。
手术可在全麻、硬膜外麻醉或适当的病例中仅在局部麻醉下进行。
本领域的技术人员应该知道,在不背离本发明所描述的宽的精神和范围的前提下,可对本发明,如具体方案进行各种变异和/或修饰。因此,无论怎样说,本发明的实施方案都只是说明性的而非限制性的。

Claims (48)

1.一根运送导管,包括:
(a)一根具有一个第一端和一个第二端的细长导管;
(b)一个置于细长导管的外围的腔内移植物,该移植物有一体
   部,体部的第一端、邻近细长导管的第一端处有一管状部
   分,而在移植物的第二端分支为第一及第二管状移植物延
   伸部,细长导管自第一管状移植物延伸部向上延伸进入管
   状部分;
(c)一根附加导丝沿第一方向经第一管状移植物延伸部延伸并
   沿第二个不同的方向伸入第二管状移植物延伸部。
2.权利要求1的运送导管,其中附加导丝在移植物体内经一条管道延伸。
3.权利要求1的运送导管,其中一根附加导丝沿第一方向经第一管状移植物延伸部延伸,并沿第二方向进入第二管状移植物延伸部,该附加导管内含有附加导丝。
4.权利要求1的运送导管,其中细长导管在邻近第一端带有一个可膨胀的球囊,腔内移植物即安置于该球囊外围。
5.权利要求1的运送导管,其中最接近腔内移植物第一端的部分可自动膨胀。
6.权利要求1的运送导管,其中第一及第二管状移植物延伸部均可与另一管状腔内移植物相接合。
7.权利要求1的运送导管,其中一个管状移植物延伸部的长度大于另一管状移植物延伸部。
8.权利要求1的运送导管,其中的导丝相对较细且具有抗扭结性。
9.权利要求3的运送导管,其中的附加导管为一根3弗仑奇导管。
10.权利要求3的运送导管,其中附加导管沿第一方向经第一管状移植物延伸部延伸,并且沿第二方向进入并穿过第二管状移植物延伸部。
11.权利要求3的运送导管,其中附加导管在其长度上部分与球囊导管相连。
12.权利要求3的运送导管,其中至少部分附加导管与部分腔内移植物相连。
13.权利要求12的运送导管,其中附加导管嵌于在移植物的体部内的一条管道中。
14.权利要求1的运送导管,其中的细长导管经第一管状移植物延伸部向上延伸并穿过移植物的管状部分。
15.权利要求3的运送导管,其中导丝自附加导管的一个游离端伸出。
16.权利要求1的运送导管,其中移植物主体的第一端其周壁由一系列相互分离并有一定间距的可弯曲的金属丝所加固,每根金属丝通常弯成闭合的正弦波形,邻近第一端的第一根金属丝其各个嵴或峰至少突出于第一端的部分结构之上。
17.权利要求16的运送导管,其中第一根金属丝的振幅大于邻近的下一根金属丝,并优选大于紧接的两根金属丝。
18.权利要求16的运送导管,其中邻近移植物第一端的各金属丝之间距短于远离第一端的各金属丝间距。
19.权利要求16的运送导管,其中的金属丝编织于移植物主体内。
20.权利要求19的运送导管,其中每根金属丝的末端在移植物主体的外侧均被扭卷在一起。
21.权利要求16的运送导管,其中的移植物主体是由聚酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚氨酯或其复合物编织而成的。
22.权利要求1的运送导管,其中管状移植物主体的周壁沿其长径由一系列相互分离并有一定间距的金属丝所支撑,第一根金属丝邻近移植物主体的第一端,从而第一根金属丝至少部分突出于第一端。
23.权利要求22的运送导管,其中每根金属丝均为一条闭合的、大致是正弦波形的连续曲线,该曲线具有交替出现的峰,并且其中第一根金属丝的各个峰均突出于第一端的部分之上。
24.权利要求22的运送导管,其中移植物主体的每一端均具有一根金属丝,金属丝的各个嵴或峰延伸于与之相邻的移植物主体的端部之上。
25.权利要求22的运送导管,其中每根金属丝均编织于移植物主体内,这样位于移植物体外的部分与保留于移植物体内的部分交替出现。
26.权利要求22的运送导管,其中的移植物主体包括一系列孔洞,并且每根金属丝穿过孔洞,故而金属丝位于移植物体外的部分与保留于移植物体内的部分交替出现。
27.权利要求22的运送导管,其中的金属丝缝合于移植物体内。
28.权利要求23的运送导管,其中第一根金属丝具有较邻近金属丝更大的振幅。
29.权利要求24的运送导管,其中邻近移植物主体第一端的金属丝间距短于移植物主体两端之间的金属丝间距。
30.权利要求29的运送导管,其中第一根金属丝与移植物主体中大多数其他金属丝相比具有较大的振幅与较小的波长。
31.权利要求23的运送导管,其中金属丝沿移植物主体长轴大体上具有恒定的波长。
32.权利要求22的运送导管,其中每根金属丝包括相对的两端,而其中每根金属丝的两端均在移植物主体的外侧连接在一起。
33.权利要求32的运送导管,其中每根金属丝的两端均被扭结或卷曲在一起。
34.权利要求32的运送导管,其中相邻金属丝的终末连结端沿移植物主体指向相反的方向。
35.权利要求23的运送导管,其中移植物主体的第一端包含一条边缘,而其中第一端的此条边缘在第一根金属丝各个突出的峰之间被制成扇形折皱状。
36.权利要求1的运送导管,其中移植物主体的周壁沿其长轴方向由一系列相互分离的、并具有一定间距的金属丝所支撑,每根金属丝均为一条闭合的、大致呈正弦波形的连续曲线,该曲线具有交替出现的峰。
37.权利要求1的运送导管,其中移植物主体的周壁沿其长轴方向由一系列相互分离的、并具有一定间距的金属丝所支撑,其中每根金属丝均被编织于移植物体内,因而位于移植物体外的金属丝部分与保留于移植物体内的金属丝部分交替出现。
38.权利要求6的运送导管,其中管状腔内移植物的外径沿其长轴方向逐渐变化。
39.权利要求38的运送导管,其中外径的变化是通过在移植物内部分区域沿长轴方向设置一根倒锥形的管状物而达到的。
40.权利要求38的运送导管,其中外径的变化是通过在移植物外部分区域沿长轴方向设置一根正锥形的管状物而达到的。
41.权利要求38的运送导管,其中管状腔内移植物远端的第一部分具有一种外径,而第二部分又具有另一种不同的外径。
42.一种在患者体内的分支管腔中放置一种腔内移植物的方法,该管腔包括一支单一的分支前管腔,该分支前管腔分支为一对分支后管腔,该方法包括:
(a)将一个在体部第一端具有一管状部分、第二端分支为第一
   与第二管状移植物延伸部的第一个腔内移植物导入第一
   分支后管腔,在第一个腔内移植物内还有一根导丝沿第一
   方向经第一管状移植物延伸部延伸,并沿第二个不同的方
   向伸入第二管状移植物延伸部;
(b)将第一个腔内移植物的第一端与第二管状移植物延伸部定
   位于分支前管腔,随后撑开移植物并至少使其第一端与分
   支前管腔的周壁紧密结合;
(c)在移植物内将导丝沿第二个不同的方向延伸,直到使其进
   入另一分支后管腔;以及
(d)将具有一个上游端与一个下游端的第二个腔内移植物导
   入另一分支后管腔,利用上述导丝或位于该处的另一根导
   丝移动第二个腔内移植物,直到使其上游端位于第二管状
   移植物延伸部之内或包绕着该延伸部,而下游端位于另一
   分支后管腔内,并使第二个腔内移植物的上游端与第二管
   状移植物延伸部接合形成流体通道。
43.权利要求42的方法进一步包括以下步骤:
(e)将具有一个上游端与一个下游端的第三个腔内移植物导
   入第一根分支后管腔,移动第三个腔内移植物直到其上游
   端位于第一管状移植物延伸部之内或周围,而下游端位于
   该分支后管腔内,并使第三个腔内移植物的上游端与第一
   管状移植物延伸部相接合而形成流体通道。
44.权利要求42的方法,其中将第一个腔内移植物导入第一根分支后管腔并将其第一端与第二管状移植物延伸部放置于分支前管腔的步骤包括:
(a)在一根事先放置于一分支后管腔与分支前管腔的较大直
   径的导管鞘内,沿一根较小直径的导丝导入一根运送导
   管,该导管的一端带有一个未膨胀的球囊,球囊外安置有
   第一个腔内移植物的第一端;
(b)部分抽出导管鞘以游离第一个腔内移植物;
(c)膨胀球囊以撑开第一个腔内移植物的第一端,直到使其与
   分支前管腔的管壁紧密接合;以及
(d)将球囊放气。
45.权利要求42的方法,其中将第二个腔内移植物导入另一分支后管腔并使其上游端位于第二管状移植物延伸部之内的步骤包括:
(a)在一根事先放置于另一分支后管腔与分支前管腔的较大直
   径的导管鞘内,沿一根较小直径的导丝导入第二根运送导
   管,该导管的一端带有一个未膨胀的球囊,球囊外安置有
   第二个腔内移植物的上游端;
(b)部分抽出导管鞘以游离第二个腔内移植物;
(c)膨胀球囊以撑开第二个腔内移植物的上游端,直到使其与
   第二管状移植物延伸部紧密接合;
(d)保持球囊膨胀,自第一分支后管腔内抽出第一根运送导
   管;
(e)将第一根运送导管自第一分支后管腔抽出后将球囊放气。
46.权利要求43的方法,其中将第三个腔内移植物导入第一分支后管腔并使其上游端位于第一管状移植物延伸部之内的步骤包括:
(a)在一根事先放置于第一分支后管腔与分支前管腔的较大直
   径的导管鞘内,沿一根较小直径的导丝导入第三根运送导
   管,该导管的一端带有一个未膨胀的球囊,球囊外安置有
   第三个腔内移植物的上游端;
(b)部分抽出导管鞘以游离第三个腔内移植物;
(c)膨胀球囊以撑开第三个腔内移植物的上游端,直到使其与
   第一管状移植物延伸部紧密接合;
(d)将球囊放气。
47.一种在患者体内穿越动脉瘤放置一种腔内移植物的方法,该动脉瘤自主动脉延至至少一侧髂动脉,该方法包括如下步骤:
(a)切开或穿刺以暴露患者的一侧股动脉;
(b)经暴露的股动脉以及相应的骼动脉与主动脉插入第一根导
   丝并使其横越动脉瘤;
(c)沿第一根导丝导入第一根导管鞘并使其横越动脉瘤;
(d)抽出第一根导丝;
(e)沿第一根导管鞘插入第二根相对硬的导丝并使其横越动脉
   瘤;
(f)抽出第一根导管鞘;
(g)沿第二根导丝导入第二根直径相对大的导管鞘并使其横越
   动脉瘤;
(h)在第二根较大直径的导管鞘内沿第二根导丝导入第一根运
   送导管,该导管的一端带有一个未膨胀的球囊,球囊外安
   置有第一个腔内移植物,此第一个腔内移植物在其体部第
   一端具有一管状部分,在第二端分支为第一及第二管状移
   植物延伸部,在第一个移植物内还安置有包含第三根导丝
   的第三根导管,该导丝沿第一方向经第一管状移植物延伸
   部延伸并沿第二个不同的方向进入第二管状移植物延伸
   部;
(i)放置第一根运送导管使第一个移植物的第一端位于动脉瘤
   的上游端;
(j)部分抽出第二根较大直径的导管鞘以游离第一个腔内移植
   物;
(k)膨胀球囊以撑开第一个腔内移植物的第一端,直到使其在
   动脉瘤的上方与主动脉管壁紧密接合;
(l)将球囊放气以使血液向下流经第一个移植物内,从而撑开
   第一与第二管状移植物延伸部;
(m)沿第二方向将第三根导丝顺血流而下导入对侧骼、股动
   脉;
(n)在对侧股动脉行切开或穿刺以重新获得第三根导丝;
(o)经同侧股动脉抽出第三根导管;
(p)经对侧股、骼动脉沿第三根导丝导入第四根导管鞘,使其
   进入第一个移植物内并至少到达第二管状移植物延伸部
   的顶端;
(q)沿同侧股动脉抽出第三根导丝;
(r)沿第四根导管鞘导入第四根直径相对大的导丝并使其至少
   到达第二管状移植物延伸部的顶端;
(s)经对侧股动脉抽出第四根导管鞘;
(t)沿第四根导丝导入第五根直径相对大的导管鞘并使其至少
   到达第二管状移植物延伸部的顶端;
(u)在第五个较大直径的导管鞘内沿第四根导丝导入第二根运
   送导管,该导管一端带有一个未膨胀的球囊,球囊外安置
   有具有一个上游端和一个下游端的第二个腔内移植物,使
   第二个移植物的上游端达到第二管状移植物延伸部之内;
(v)部分抽出第五根导管鞘以游离第二个腔内移植物;
(w)膨胀第二根运送导管上的球囊以撑开第二个腔内移植物的
   上游端,直到使其与第二管状移植物延伸部紧密接合;
(x)保持球囊膨胀,自同侧股动脉抽出第一根运送导管;
(y)待第一根运送导管自同侧股动脉抽出后将球囊放气;
(z)经对侧股动脉将第五根导管鞘全部抽出;
(aa)在第二根导管鞘内沿第二根导丝导入第三根运送导管,
    该导管一端带有一个未膨胀的球囊,球囊外安置有具有一
    个上游端与一个下游端的第三个腔内移植物,使第三个移
    植物的上游端到达第一管状移植物延伸部之内;
(bb)部分抽出第二根导管鞘以游离第三个腔内移植物;
(cc)膨胀第三根运送导管上的球囊以撑开第三个腔内移植物
    的上游端,直到使其与第一管状移植物延伸部紧密接合;
(dd)将第三根运送导管上的球囊放气;
(ee)经对侧股动脉抽出第二根运送导管,经同侧股动脉抽出
    第三根运送导管;
(ff)经对侧股动脉抽出第四根导丝及第五根导管鞘,并缝合该
    动脉上的切口或穿刺点;
(gg)经同侧股动脉抽出第二根导丝及第二根导管鞘,并缝合
    该动脉上的切口或穿刺点。
48.权利要求47的方法,其中在可代替的步骤(I)中,第一和第二管状移植物延伸部可分别被一种可膨胀球囊撑开或可自动撑开。
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AUPN6512A AUPN651295A0 (en) 1995-11-10 1995-11-10 Intraluminal grafting of a bifurcated artery
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AUPN6513A AUPN651395A0 (en) 1995-11-10 1995-11-10 Positioning an intraluminal graft using a guidewire and a catheter therefor
AUPN6512 1995-11-10
AUPN6514A AUPN651495A0 (en) 1995-11-10 1995-11-10 Flow directed placement of an intraluminal guidewire

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