CN1202287A - 无线电交易和信息系统 - Google Patents

无线电交易和信息系统 Download PDF

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CN1202287A
CN1202287A CN96198269A CN96198269A CN1202287A CN 1202287 A CN1202287 A CN 1202287A CN 96198269 A CN96198269 A CN 96198269A CN 96198269 A CN96198269 A CN 96198269A CN 1202287 A CN1202287 A CN 1202287A
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financial information
user
transaction system
terminating machine
smart card
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约瑟夫·C·卡万
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TRANSACTION TECHNOLOGY Co
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TRANSACTION TECHNOLOGY Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F19/00—Complete banking systems; Coded card-freed arrangements adapted for dispensing or receiving monies or the like and posting such transactions to existing accounts, e.g. automatic teller machines
    • G07F19/20—Automatic teller machines [ATMs]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/04—Payment circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/10—Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systems; specially adapted for home banking systems
    • G06Q20/105—Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systems; specially adapted for home banking systems involving programming of a portable memory device, e.g. IC cards, "electronic purses"
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/18—Payment architectures involving self-service terminals [SST], vending machines, kiosks or multimedia terminals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/32—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
    • G06Q20/326—Payment applications installed on the mobile devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/36—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
    • G06Q20/367—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes involving electronic purses or money safes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
    • G06Q20/4012—Verifying personal identification numbers [PIN]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/06—Asset management; Financial planning or analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F19/00—Complete banking systems; Coded card-freed arrangements adapted for dispensing or receiving monies or the like and posting such transactions to existing accounts, e.g. automatic teller machines
    • G07F19/20—Automatic teller machines [ATMs]
    • G07F19/204—Loading of a stored value token using an ATM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F19/00—Complete banking systems; Coded card-freed arrangements adapted for dispensing or receiving monies or the like and posting such transactions to existing accounts, e.g. automatic teller machines
    • G07F19/20—Automatic teller machines [ATMs]
    • G07F19/211—Software architecture within ATMs or in relation to the ATM network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3226—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using a predetermined code, e.g. password, passphrase or PIN
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3234—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving additional secure or trusted devices, e.g. TPM, smartcard, USB or software token
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/56—Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/80—Wireless

Abstract

一金融交易和信息系统,使用无线电通讯和可提式终端机,在这个系统中,一终端机是经由一无线电或蜂窝式电话装置来和金融机构连接,智能卡用来作验证交易的授权,因此将可能由使用一移动式终端机而产生的安全问题减至最小,而且,智能卡不仅仅为了授权,而且为了维护可得资金的安全记录,这个系统不只提供了一自动柜员机网络的功能,而且提供非金融服务,因此形成一个集成系统。

Description

无线电交易和信息系统
本发明涉及一种提供信息及执行金融交易的系统，特别是涉及一种使用无线手提式终端机来提供金融信息和执行金融交易的金融系统。
请参考一名称是“无线屏幕电话”的待审的申请08/177,548，在此结合参考文献揭露如下。
自动柜员机(ATMs)的广泛应用通过增加对消费者提供金融服务的能力，而给银行业和金融服务业带来革命性的变革。例如，在过去，差不多所有的顾客交易是用人来完成，因此，顾客通常受限于银行的营业时间，随着自动柜员机和其它金融网络的出现，顾客几乎一周7天，一天24小时都可以得到金融服务，这使得服务提供者及顾客都增加了便利性和效率。
尽管有这些成功，今天所使用的自动柜员机和其它的金融网络仍具有一些缺点，而限制了顾客的便利并给更广泛的应用而设置了障碍，例如，今天自动柜员机通常硬接线于一固定的地点，这个硬接线以提供终端机电源及提供通讯线路的存取是必须的，如电话线，可以通过它来和金融服务提供者作数据交换，而对自动柜员机设置于固定的地点安全性的考虑，也是很重要的因素。
因为终端机设置于固定的地点的结果，金融网络必须考虑在特定地理区域分布自动柜员机的问题，来使顾客得到最大的方便，然而，随着人口统计数据的改变，如此的分布，变得较不占优势，例如，一个新的购物中心可能在一新的地点设立，增加了这个区域的需求，而另一个购物中心可能在第二个地点关闭，使得在那个地点的需求减少，一时或独立的事件，而导致一特定区域涌入不可胜数的人们，使得现存的终端机分布不能满足这个大量的需求。
目前，这个问题可能可以借由增加额外的自动柜员机终端机来解决，但是，这种终端机和相关必须的周边设备，如电源设备，维修设施等等，其成本太高以致于不能对上述顾客需求的改变作出适当的回应。
因此，需要可以克服上述缺点的一金融交易和信息系统，特别是需要提供一可以由操作员方便地改变位置的交易和信息终端机，以满足使所提供的金融服务最大应用的需要。更进一步，需要一无需通过线路直接与电话网络或电源网络相连接的交易和信息系统。
另外，还需要一在不泄露现有系统所提供的安全性而且不增加过度的成本花费的前提下而提供上述功能的系统。
本发明的目的是为了满足上述的和其它的需求，借由一使用无线电通讯和手提式终端机连接的金融信息和交易系统。在这个系统中，终端机经由无线电或蜂窝式电话装置(hook-up)连接至金融机构。本发明的一个特征是利用所谓的智能卡(smart card)来验证交易的授权，由此将因使用移动式终端机可以导致的潜在的安全性问题最小化，根据本发明的实施例，使用智能卡，不只有益于授权，而且易于维护可用资金的安全记录。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，一手提式交易终端机是由如可充电式电池来提供内部供电，在另一个实施例中，终端机是经由一传统电源插座借由一标准交流电源来供电。
在本发明的又一个实施例中，一其内设置有智能卡读取器的蜂窝式电话来用作各种金融交易的数据终端机。
根据另外的实施例，这个系统不仅提供自动柜员机网络的功能，而且提供非金融服务而形成一集成系统。
为让本发明之上述和其他目的、特征、和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并结合附图作详细说明如下：
附图中：
图1是显示根据本发明的一金融信息和交易系统的框图；
图2A是显示本发明的包含一无线电传送/接收站的第一个应用的框图；
图2B是显示本发明的包含一无线电传送/接收站的第二个应用的框图；
图2C是根据本发明的一蜂窝式电话终端机的立体图；
图3A是根据本发明的一第一个手提式无线电交易和信息终端机的立体/框图；
图3B是显示根据本发明的一第二个手提式无线电交易和信息终端机的立体/框图；
图4是根据本发明的一无线电交易和信息系统的框图；
图5是根据本发明的一智能卡的框图；以及
图6是显示图5的智能卡的文件结构的框图。
图1是显示说明根据本发明的提供金融信息和执行金融交易的系统框图。在这个实施例中，框10代表一金融机构，如公知技术所知的，金融机构如顾客银行机构，使用一包含主控电脑的自动系统来维护顾客帐户的记录，这些记录是用于跟踪顾客帐户中的资金，来输入此帐户的借贷方以及用于其它目的。
为了提供顾客各种服务，如应顾客要求提供帐户信息和帐户借贷情形，使用一通讯前端12来交换对应于上述信息的数据。通讯前端12提供对由金融机构10所操作的主控电脑从各个通讯系统的存取。例如，如图所示，通讯前端12可以和一标准交换网络14，如由区域电话公司所操作的网络，来交换数据，因此，使用如此系统的数据转换通常是发生在电话线上的。在这种方式下，经由使用任何一种公知的通讯规程的调制解调器，数据可以同相应地连接到该标准交换网络14的用户交换。此外，以此种方式数据可以与其它金融机构和金融网络(未显示)交换，例如，为各种顾客交易的结算提供数据。
另一种方式，通讯前端12可以连接至一网络服务提供者16或是专用网络18。例如，现有的数种商业服务之一便可以遍及整个地理区域连接使用者。此外，通讯前端12可以在金融机构10和一例如包含一个或更多的局域网络(LAN)或广域网络(WAN)的专用网络18之间提供界面。
此外，在这个实施例中，通讯前端是连接至一直接无线电服务20。例如，为了安全的目的，如此装置(hook-up)能够沿着一蜂窝电话式或频谱扩展式通讯线(900MHz，具有倍增器)在很高的频率(900MHz)下操作。来直接无线电服务20的信号可由以下描述的数种不同型式的终端机来接收。
如说明，图1显示在通讯前端12和各种通讯系统14、16、18和20之间的直接连接。然而，熟知此领域技术者可以了解这些系统的各种组合和其它是可能的，例如，一专用网络22可以经由一网络服务提供者16存取通讯前端12。此外，除了由框20所代表的直接无线电通讯，经由标准交换网络14通过使用各种商业无线电提供者24可以产生无线电通讯。其它网络26，如所谓的“互联网络”，可以经由标准交换网络14来存取。
图2A～2C说明了可以使用无线电数据传送来提供对一金融机构，如参考图1中上述所描述的金融机构10的方便存取的各种应用。例如，图2A说明一无线电传送和接收站50有效地连接至分布在一购物中心52或其它局部区域的各终端机A到D的应用。
在图2B中，一无线电传送和接收站54有效地连接至一和一商业的局域网络LAN或广域网络WAN连接的金融服务器56，各节点58、60和64沿着商业网络设立，在图2B中所示的一个节点64中包括有一智能卡读取器64a的个人电脑。
在图2C中，一蜂窝式电话75当作一金融信息和交易终端机。在这个实施例中，蜂窝式电话75包括标准特征，如一α-数字键盘80、一扩音器部分76、一麦克风部分82、及一显示器78(例如，一液晶显示器)，此外，还设置一智能卡读取部分84，这个附加的特征提供了用键盘80为介面来执行金融交易的附加性能。这个实施例及以上所描述的功能将随着以下的说明而更显而易见。
图3A、3B详细说明了根据本发明的一可提式无线电终端机。在这两个或以后所提到的实施例中，使用一智能卡和一智能卡读取器，如公知技术所知的，一智能卡是一可包含一处理装置及暂存式或和永久式存储器的设备，储存于智能卡中的读/写存储器中的数据可以和一读取器设备交换，通常是借由一串联接口，这样使用智能卡的一个优点是智能卡可以储存并处理加密演算法，使得可以从边远地区使智能卡生效，例如，由一金融机构所操作的主控电脑。这种方式，使用一个或多个在两个地区指定的加密钥匙，信息可以在卡和边远地区间安全地交换，加密钥匙是用于将要传送的信息编码和将所接收到的信息解码。
使用加密技术，不仅可以将由主控电脑由远程储存的或在本地的智能卡的金融信息编码，而且可以将身分识别信息编码，如个人识别号码(PINs)。这样，使用者的个人识别号码可以由智能卡加密并传送到一具有相同加密钥匙的远端主机来将加密的个人识别号码解码并使其有效，这提供了对存取由主机存储的信息和/或请求各种金融交易的授权。
图3A说明一第一个和智能卡一起使用无线电终端机100。这个终端机100包括一顾客介面102，如一α-数字键盘104，一显示器106以及一智能卡读取器108。从一无线电服务提供者发出的信号，如在图1中所描述的，由终端机100的传送/接收部分110所接收。相反地，信号从终端机110的传送/接收部分110经由无线电服务提供者发送到一前端处理器。如此，终端机100可以用于无线地接收和传送数据到/从一金融机构或金融网络。之后，这个数据可以读出/写入插入在智能卡读取器108中的一智能卡。
在这个实施例中，终端机100被有利地用于读取储存于智能卡上的数据来决定例如相对应于在使用者帐户中现存的资金总额的值。使用终端机100，使用者可以增加储存于卡上的总额并由主控电脑将所增加了的数额从使用者的帐户记入借方。依如此的方式，终端机是作为一信贷授权终端机。由于被用于存取终端机100的智能卡的加密性能使授权和金融数据在传送的过程中是处于安全保密的。
例如，使用者可以插入一智能卡到智能卡读取器108中，该卡首先译成密码，再将储存于智能卡的信息传送至终端机100，这个信息识别维护使用者帐户及使用者帐户号码的金融机构。附加的安全性可以要求使用者用数字键盘输入个人识别号码而获得，其次，智能卡可以将个人识别号码译成密码以经由终端机传送到主控电脑来作确认。
一旦授权完成，使用者可以决定使用者目前帐户结余和/或要求将该数据加至卡上。在执行这些要求中，终端机借由无线电传送将编码的信息和一金融网络交换，如图1中所描述的。例如，终端机可以用于直接加值到使用者的卡上，接着由无线电传送请求将一相对应的总额记入顾客帐户上的借方，这些请求包括由连接于金融机构的主控电脑来解码的编码数据。
当资金传送到智能卡或从智能卡传送，一附加于资金被加密的银行签名证明这资金是“真”，它也确保了当交易进入了结算系统(settlement system)时，资金是有效的。因为结算系统可以包含超过一个金融机构，当交易最终呈现于付款的金融机构，这个密码的银行签名确认交易是确证了。
如图3A所显示的实施例，终端机100可以由从一传统插座而得到的一标准交流电源112来供应能源，在图3B的实施例中(其中，相同的数字标号用来参照与图3A中所描述的相应结构)，一终端机120由充电电池122供电，以进一步提供更大的机动性。
如图3A、3B所描述的终端机允许使用者在无需终端机和金融机构间硬接线连接的前提下执行各种金融交易。例如，终端机可以如上述的方式“再装填”一智能卡，在“再装填”之后，使用者可以使用借由从使用者的卡上减去一数额而接受“电子钞票”来替代现金的和终端机相连的该卡。所扣除的总额可以借由一商人经过和使用者的金融机构(或其它)作一结算的过程来兑换。
在图3A及3B中所描述的终端机是一移动式单元，并有此移动性的优点。因为终端机不须要发现金，所以不须要保险箱，这使得终端机的成本及尺寸减小，并使得终端机的设计弹性变大，例如，终端机可以设置于购物中心或办公室建筑物的走廊，在白天，由此扩大了其存取并便于结算交易；在晚上，终端机可以从走廊归位并且存取用做符合自动柜员机的标准工业常规的结算/验证程序，在图3B的实施例中，终端机的电池可以在这个时候再充电，以备第二天使用。
此外，移动式终端机可以设置于一能够停在博览会或运动会外面的卡车上，并由电池或在卡车上的发电机来供电。该移动式终端机又可设置成可使存取最大化用以结算交易，并在晚上时归位以供充电、检修等等。此种设置，上述的终端机提供更大的灵活性同时适应了顾客的需要。
图4说明本发明的另一个实施例，其中，一无线电服务器/终端机单元150用于在使用者和一金融机构的远程主控电脑交换金融信息，如图1所述。无线电服务器/终端机单元150包括一如图3A、3B所描述的终端机(即包含一显示器、一键盘、一智能卡读取器、一无线电信息传送设备)。
图4中所显示的系统集成了将金融信息与其它非金融功能交换的能力，如安全控制。特别是无线电服务器/终端机单元150构成一包括各种其它电脑和网络的局域网络的一部分。如说明，这些其它的电脑及网络包含一员工工作场所个人电脑158、一员工家庭个人电脑152、一广域网络156、一区域建筑物电脑系统154、一传统自动柜员机160、及一频谱扩展服务器162。
各种终端机和相关的设备耦合到所显示的网络上，例如，广域网络156包含个人电脑166和168，一建筑物存取系统174包括各种智能卡读取器170，其中一些设置有键盘，同样地，每一员工的个人电脑152和158也设置有智能卡读取器152a和158a。
而且，由终端机172所代表的多个终端机耦合至频谱扩展服务器162，例如，终端机172设置有一智能卡读取器172a。这样，无线电金融服务器终端机150使得员工可以在工作场所或家庭的不同的地点经由各种不同设备存取到他们的金融机构。
特别是无线电智能卡再装填站172经由频谱扩展服务器162和服务器终端机150和金融机构通讯，再装填站172具有一狭缝以接收和读取一智能卡和一显示器(参考图3A、3B)，经由和金融系统的连接，如图1所显示，使用者在终端机172的显示器上所显示的菜单上作选择。例如，使用者可能要查看帐户结余，转帐资金，或执行在一固定位置的自动柜员机上通常可以得到的其它服务，使用者也可能要经由现金站再加载货币值到智能卡上，在智能卡上加上设定资金为如以下所述的“预付”或“钱包”帐户，以这种方式，使用者可以经由一可提式自动柜员机式终端机来存取金钱而无安全上的危险，因为没有直接涉及现金。使用者在可以使用智能卡支付的一个地方的参观结束时，使用者可以使用这个站从使用者的智能卡上的任何未使用的余额存入使用者在金融机构的帐户中。
如显示的，一使用者的个人电脑152可连接有一智能卡读取器，如一具有一键盘和处理能力的，这使得使用者可以存取使用者的金融帐户和“再装填”智能卡(即增加资金到智能卡上)，在这个观点上，键盘让使用者可以输入使用者的个人识别号码，以及插入在读取器152a的智能卡提供附加的加密和安全方法以确定传送线路(即区域网络/无线电终端机/线路)足够安全以进行金融交易，同样的设计用于经由一连接在终端机和接有一智能卡读取器/处理器及键盘的员工家庭个人电脑之间的电话线与其它远程机构相连。更进一步，一具有模拟一自动柜员机规程的显示器的智能卡读取器/处理器可以连接至终端机上，因此，使得使用者可以进行全部自动柜员机的功能，包括再装填智能卡而不用使用个人电脑。
因此，服务器终端机150提供一通讯频道给数个远程的设备，如家庭个人电脑152，工作场所个人电脑158，和连接频谱扩展服务器162的终端172，以及所有连接于广域网络156的设备。借由提供卡读取器给这些终端机，便可以经由无线电金融服务器/终端机得到对远程主控电脑的广大范围的存取点，这提供给了上述的金融信息和交易附加的性能。
此外，图4的实施例说明可以用于其它非金融交易上的一集成系统，可以用于其它非金融交易上，例如，图中所标的建筑物电脑系统154可以用来控制一建筑物存取系统174，这个例子的建筑物存取系统包括多个智能卡读取器和/或键盘，这种界面设备可以借由与根据所保持的或通过服务器/终端机单元150更新的安全记录而存储在智能卡上的信息相匹配来验证使用者被授权进入特定的区域。不同的区域可以设定不同的安全级别，每一级别需要额外的授权，例如，要进入停车库可能只要插入一张卡，而进入特定的房间就可能要额外的授权，如用键盘输入个人识别号码。
图5说明了在一如图4所描述的具有金融和非金融的功能的集成系统中(一多功能智能卡200)，该智慧卡200包括一连接有只读存储器204(ROM)的中央处理单元202(CPU)，此只读存储器基本上是用于一操作系统的储存，一随机存取存储器206(RAM)用于数据的暂时性的储存，特别是用于执行程序。中央处理单元202耦合于一串联接口208，该串联接口依次根据公知技术和一智能卡读取器210通讯。
中央处理单元连接到一运算器212，例如，一适于处理大键(512位组键)。具有一电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)214，通常用于储存系统文件和应用。
如图6所说明的，图5中的智能卡200对不同的功能具有不同的路径，电可擦可编程只读存储器具有一主文件220和用于不同应用的专用文件，这些专用文件包含一生物统计学的身份识别文件222和一加密数字签名文件224，也包括一建筑物存取文件226，该文件226包含使卡和安全系统一起使用的信息，如图4中所说明的。主文件220也连接至一银行卡借款方文件228，该银行卡借款方文件也可以有其自己身份识别的安全路径。智能卡具有一只有经由一安全功能才可以载入预付功能路径230，以及一“非安全”电子钱包功能文件232。这些文件可以由外部终端机来读取，如图3A、3B所描述的终端机，并可以依外部终端机的要求减少，以下会完整地说明。
在这个例子中，主文件220也具有一数字加密演算法234提供处理数字键的逻辑运算和例如使用者的个人识别号码的加密，此演算法可提供如公知技术的对称性或非对称性加密。
本发明实施例的“电脑”所使用的智能卡，有相当有限的存储器，例如，可擦式可编程只读存储器因现有技术的限制可能限制于3K～8K位之间，因此，在这个系统的智能卡是作为根据公知技术的其它系统的启动设备。例如，智能卡提供单独的和所需服务的确认，但不在卡上存大量的数据。
由上述的说明中，可以了解的是一自动柜员机式终端机的移动性增加，则其安全顾虑也增加，特别是，因为有整个终端机被偷的可能，将现金放在一移动式自动柜员机是不可行的。智能卡的使用，使得系统提供给使用者在一不用现金的环境里有更安全的购物。
进一步说明这个考虑，图5和图6中的智能卡200包含两个储存货币值的储存区域。第一个是一由文件232来代表的“电子钱包”，这个区域被用于如使用者将智能卡置于商业的终端机中作一高额的消费时，使用者通过进入使用者的个人识别号码接受交易和由商人所输入的消费金额，接着使用者若同意该金额，则例如接下在终端机键盘的一“输入”键，卡钱包现金值则依所要的金额记入借方，而相对地，商人的帐户则依相同的金额记入贷方。
在卡上储存货币值的第二个区域包括一由文件230来代表的“预付帐户”，这个帐户通常是用于低额的消费，例如，五十美元以下，这个帐户是在智能卡的无担保现金区域中，而且基本上如同现金般地操作，例如，智能卡的使用者可以从这个帐户消费而不用输入使用者的个有识别号码，可能的用途包含小额，如在一自助餐的快速的交易，或一售货机或装置一区域电话。
这里所提及的智能卡通过使用各种智能卡读取器/处理器来和系统接合，这些处理器依应用的不同而有不同的复杂度和精密度，例如，当用于管理建筑物存取时，智能卡可以插入一只要能确认使用者的智能卡读取器即可，这可以用于对安全性需求较小的区域，如停车库；当要增加安全性时，如在用于建筑物的入口则需要可以输入使用者的个人识别号码的一数字键盘；若用于更进一步的安全性时，一些生物统计学的参数(如指纹)可以用于识别，具有或没有一个人识别号码的相同的存取码可以用于一附加于独立的或网络个人电脑158A的一智能卡读取器来控制对局部或远程文件、通讯网络、数据库和网络服务存取的级别。
在上述的实施例中，智能卡加上任选的数字加密签名和加密演算法来使得智能卡可以从远程地区确认，如在一金融机构的一主控电脑或在配备有用于离线(off-line)卡确证的顺序存取法(SAM)模块的离线/在线商业终端机，在这种情况下，通讯的两端(例如，主控电脑和智能卡)可以都有加密钥匙以便经由智能卡60所送出的数据(如一个人识别号码的进入)在主控电脑上确认，因此，主控电脑能够确认智能卡有效，而且是拥有者在使用这张卡，以便金融交易能够进行。
在无线电离线的情况下，智能卡和所使用的终端机是互相确认的，因为有可能使用一假冒的终端机，因此，即使在一离线系统，仍有安全装置来确认卡、终端机和使用者。
虽然本发明已以各种较佳实施例揭露如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术者，在不脱离本发明之精神和范围内，可作变形与修改，因此本发明的保护范围应以所附之权利要求所界定的范围为准。

Claims (30)

1.一金融信息和交易系统，包括：
一主控金融电脑系统，该主控系统维护使用者帐户信息的记录；
至少一个终端机，提供使用者介面以存取该主控金融电脑系统，该至少一个终端机包含第一个装置以无线地传送和接收数据，和一智能卡读取器；以及
一有效地将该终端机耦合至该主控系统的通讯装置，由此相对于该使用者帐户信息的数据在该至少一个终端机和该主控系统间交换，该通讯装置包括第二个装置，用以无线传送和接收数据的该第一个装置；
其中，一使用者经由一耦合至该智能卡读取器的一智能卡设备存取该主控金融系统，该智能卡设备包括加密和该主控金融系统交换的数据的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该通讯装置包括用以在一大约900MHz或更大的频率下传送和接收数据的装置。
3.如权利要求1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该至少一个终端机包括多个耦合至一共同无线电传送和接收站的终端机设备。
4.如权利要求1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该多个终端机设置于一局域网络内。
5.如权利要求1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，至少一个终端机包括一无线电蜂窝式电话设备。
6.如权利要求5所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该无线电话设备包括一集成于其中的智能卡读取器。
7.如权利要求1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该至少一个终端机包括一具有一键盘和显示器的可提式终端机。
8.如权利要求7所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该可提式终端机由来自一标准电源的交流电供电。
9.如权利要求7所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该可提式终端机是由电池供电。
10.如权利要求4所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，局域网络包括多个个人电脑，每一个该个人电脑具有智能卡读取器，使用者可以经由该智能卡读取器将和该主控系统交换的数据加密和解码。
11.如权利要求1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该至少一个终端机有效地耦合至一安全系统以控制对各种设置有智能卡读取器的实际位置的存取，该安全系统借由匹配储存于插入于该相关智能卡读取器的一使用者智能卡的信息，来提供对该各种实际位置的存取。
12.如权利要求1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该智能卡设备包括储存于其上的多个文件。
13.如权利要求12所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该多个文件之一相对应于一由设置在该智能卡设备上的处理装置来执行的加密钥匙，因此将提供给该智能卡设备的数据加密。
14.如权利要求12所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该多个文件之一是一银行卡借方文件，该银行卡借方文件包括用以执行记入该使用者帐户的借方的数据元素。
15.如权利要求12所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该多个文件之一是一电子预付功能文件，该电子预付功能文件维护代表一货币值的数据元素，而该货币值是经由使用者授权，通过该至少一个终端机来增加或减小。
16.如权利要求15所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该授权是借由使用者输入一对应于该使用者帐户的个人识别号码而获得。
17.如权利要求13所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该多个文件之一是一电子钱包功能文件，该电子钱包功能文件维护表示一货币值的数据元素，而该货币值是由该至少一个终端机来增加或减少。
18.如权利要求1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该至少一个终端机耦合至一安全系统以控制对各种设置有一智能卡读取器的实际位置的存取，其中，该智能卡设备包括至少一个文件，该至少一个文件包括对一个或多个该实际位置的存取提供授权的数据元素。
19.如权利要求18所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该智能卡设备包括一生物统计身份识别文件，该生物统计学的身份识别文件包括相对于一使用者的独特的实际特性的识别数据，该识别数据用于授权对一个或多个该实际位置的存取。
20.如权利要求18所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该对一个或多个实际位置存取的授权是借由使用者输入一对应于该使用者的个人识别号码而获得。
21.如权利要求1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该至少一个终端机耦合至一主控系统，以控制对一通讯网络的存取，其中该智能卡设备包括至少一个文件，该至少一个文件包括用以对该通讯网络的存取提供授权的数据元素。
22.如权利要示1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该至少一个终端机耦合至一主控系统以控制对一网络设备的存取，且其中该智能卡设备包括至少一个文件，该至少一个文件包括对存取该网络服务提供授权的数据元素。
23.如权利要求21所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该至少一个终端机耦合至一主控系统以控制对一数据库的存取，且其中该智能卡设备包括至少一个文件，该至少一个文件包括对存取该数据库提供授权的数据元素。
24.如权利要示21所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该智能卡设备包括一生物统计学的身份识别文件，该生物统计学的身份识别文件包括相对应于该使用者的独特实际特性的识别数据，该识别数据是用于授权对该通讯网络的存取。
25.如权利要求22所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该智能卡设备包括一生物统计学的身份识别文件，该生物统计学的身份识别文件包括相对应于该使用者的独特实际特性的识别数据，该识别数据是用于授权对该通讯网络的存取。
26.如权利要求23所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该智能卡设备包括一生物统计学的身份识别文件，该生物统计学的身份识别文件包括相对应于该使用者的独特实际特性的识别数据，该识别数据是用于授权对该通讯网络的存取。
27.如权利要求21所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该对该通讯网络存取的授权是借由使用者输入对应于该使用者的一个人识别号码而获得。
28.如权利要求22所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该对该网络服务存取的授权是借由使用者输入对应于该使用者的一个人识别号码而获得。
29.如权利要求23所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该对该数据库存取的授权是借由使用者输入对应于该使用者的一个人识别号码而获得。
30.如权利要求1所述之金融信息和交易系统，其中，该多个终端机被设置成作为一广域网络的一部分。
CN96198269A 1995-11-13 1996-11-12 无线电交易和信息系统 Pending CN1202287A (zh)

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CN100419737C (zh) * 2003-02-28 2008-09-17 松下电器产业株式会社 应用鉴别系统、安全设备和终端设备
CN1894885B (zh) * 2003-10-17 2011-08-03 英特尔公司 无线网络中的用户终端硬件的数字证书
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CN101295394B (zh) * 2007-04-23 2016-12-14 深圳市可秉资产管理合伙企业（有限合伙） 提供电子商务和移动商务的方法及其装置

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