CN1198441C - 用于电话业务和数据通信的网络 - Google Patents

用于电话业务和数据通信的网络 Download PDF

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CN1198441C
CN1198441C CNB00803091XA CN00803091A CN1198441C CN 1198441 C CN1198441 C CN 1198441C CN B00803091X A CNB00803091X A CN B00803091XA CN 00803091 A CN00803091 A CN 00803091A CN 1198441 C CN1198441 C CN 1198441C
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telephone
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CN1338178A (zh
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耶胡达·宾德
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Examine Vincent Zhi Cai management company
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/06Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
    • H04M11/062Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors using different frequency bands for speech and other data
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803Home automation networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803Home automation networks
    • H04L12/2838Distribution of signals within a home automation network, e.g. involving splitting/multiplexing signals to/from different paths
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803Home automation networks
    • H04L2012/284Home automation networks characterised by the type of medium used
    • H04L2012/2845Telephone line

Abstract

利用住宅或其它建筑物内的电话布线,同时具有电话信号的局域网。局域网将高通滤波器用于接入通过媒介的高频带,而标准电话业务将低通滤波器用于接入通过同一媒介的低频话音模拟电话业务带。连接电话/数据出口的导电媒介在每个出口断开,改变这些出口以接入所得段的两端。在每段端的低通滤波器将这些段结合起来,允许模拟电话业务信号通过整个网络,因此支持常规的电话业务。在每段端的高通过滤器连接到调制解调器或其它的数据通信设备,因此支持各种拓扑结构的数据通信网,包括点对点的拓扑结构。

Description

用于电话业务和数据通信的网络
技术领域
本发明涉及有线通信系统的领域,特别是涉及利用电话线的组网装置。
背景技术
图1表示用于住宅或其它建筑物内用电话线5布线的现有电话系统10的布线结构。住宅电话线5包括连接接线盒16的单线对,单线对经电缆17连接到公众电话交换网(PSTN)18,终止在公共交换机19,公共交换机19是从一个电话机到另一个电话机建立和启动电话业务的装置。术语″模拟电话″这里表示一般低于3KHz的传统模拟低频音频话音信号,有时称为POTS(普通老式电话业务),而术语″电话业务″通常表示任何类型的电话业务,包括诸如综合业务数字网(ISDN)的数字业务。术语“高频”这里表示明显高于模拟电话声频的诸如用于数据的任何频率,ISDN一般利用不超过100KHz的频率(一般能量集中在40KHz附近)。术语“电话机装置”这里表示用于电话业务(包括模拟电话业务和ISDN)的任何装置(没有限制),以及利用电话业务信号的任何装置,比如传真、话音调制解调器等等。
接线盒16用于使家庭电路离开PSTN,并用作用于解决问题以及在家庭布线新的电话出口的试验设施。多个电话机13a、13b和13c经多个出口11a、11b、11c和11d连接到电话线5。每个出口具有在图1分别用12a、12b、12c和12d表示的连接器(经常称为″插孔″)。每个出口经图1(表示了三个电话机)分别用14a、14b和14c表示的连接器(经常称为″插塞″)连接到电话机。同样重要的是注意到导线5a、5b、5c、5d和5e都是相同的成对电导体。
存在将现有的电话机设施用于电话和数据组网的需求。这将简化家庭或其它建筑物中建立新局域网的任务,因为不需要安装额外的导线和出口。Crane的美国专利4.766.402(以下称为″Crane″)教导了通过两线电话线形成LAN的方式,但没有电话业务。
频分复用(FDM)的概念为本领域所熟知,并提供将导线运送的带宽分成能运送模拟电话业务信号的低频带和能运送数据通信或其它信号的高频带。这种机制例如在Reichert等人的美国专利4.785.448(在下文中称为“Reichert”)中描述。还广泛使用xDSL系统,主要是非对称数字用户线(ADSL)系统。
此领域的相关现有技术还在Dichter等人的美国专利5.896.443(以下称为″Dichter″)中公开。Dichter是第一个建议对住宅电话布线应用这样一种技术的方法和装置的人,该技术能够同时运送电话和数据通信信号。在图2说明了Dichter网,它表示提供电话和局域网业务的网络20。数据终端装置(DTE)单元24a、24b和24c分别经数据通信设备(DCE)单元23a、23b和23c连接到局域网。数据通信设备的例子包括调制解调器、线路驱动器、线路接收机和收发信机,DCE单元23a、23b和23c分别连接到高通滤波器(HPF)22a、22b和22c。HPF允许DCE单元接入电话线5运送的高频带。在第一个实施例中(图2未示出),电话机13a、13b和13c分别经连接器14a、14b和14c直接连接到电话线5。但是,为了避免电话机对数据网的干扰,建议了第二个实施例(如图2所示),其中低通滤波器(LPF)21a、21b和21c从电话线5加到单独的电话机13a、13b和13c。此外,低通滤波器必须也连接到接线盒16,以滤除进出PSTN布线17感生的噪声。如图1的情况所示,重要的是注意到导线5a、5b、5c、5d和5e是相同的成对电导体。
Dichter网遇到恶化的数据通信性能,因为下面的缺点:
1.数据通信网所用频带的感应噪声分布在整个网络。建筑物内的电话线充当接收电磁噪声的长天线,该电磁噪声由建筑物外部或诸如空调系统、装置等等的本地设备产生。数据通信网所用频带的电噪声可在电话线5的末端感应(图2中的电话线5e或5a)并经电话线5传送到整个系统。这易于引起数据传送的误差。
2.布线媒介包括单条长导线(电话线5)。为了保证与此传输线正确的阻抗匹配,有必要在电话线5的每一端安装终端连接器,但是将电话机基础设施用作数据网的一个优点在于避免替换内部布线。因此,这些终端连接器必须以额外的成本安装或者遭遇与阻抗失配有关的性能问题。
3.在LPF21不适合电话机13的情况下,每个已连接的电话机表现为未终止的残段,并易于引起不希望的信号反射。
4.在一实施例中,LPF21连接到每个电话机13。在这种结构中,需要另外改变电话机本身。这进一步使实现这种系统变得复杂和昂贵,同时抵销了将现有电话线路和电话机用于数据网的目的。
5.用于Dichter网的数据通信网只支持总线类型的数据通信网,其中所有的装置共享相同的物理媒介。这样的拓扑结构遇到许多缺点,正如本发明人在美国专利5.841.360中描述的,这里并入其全文作为参考。Dichter也披露了这种总线拓扑结构的缺点,包括需要外部总线控制器和逻辑以解决数据分组碰撞问题。优于总线拓扑结构的拓扑结构包括令牌环(IEEE803)、根据美国专利5.841.360的PSIC网络和其它本领域熟知的点对点网络(诸如串联的点对点菊花链网),这些网络在大多数情况下优于总线拓扑结构系统。
上述的缺点影响Dicliter网的数据通信性能,并因此限制此种网络可以支持的总距离和最大数据速率。另外,Dichter网一般需要复杂和因此昂贵的收发信机来支持数据通信系统。虽然Reichert网依赖星形拓扑结构而且没有遇到总线拓扑结构的这些缺点,但是星形拓扑结构也有缺点。首先,星形拓扑结构需要复杂和昂贵的集线器模块,其容量限制该网络的容量。此外,星形结构要求存在网络上的每个装置到集线器模块所处的中心位置的布线。这是不切实际的和/或实现起来很昂贵,特别是在利用现有电话系统布线的情况下。Reichert网希望只用在已经存在中央电话连接点的办公室中。而且,Reichert网要求每个单独的电话机装置一根单独的电话线路,这也是不切实际的和/或实现起来很昂贵。
因此人们广泛认识到同时也是非常有利的是需要一种利用现有任意拓扑结构的电话线实现数据通信网的装置,该数据通信网继续支持模拟电话业务,同时通过支持点对点的拓扑结构网络允许通信特性改进。
发明内容
本发明提供一种将住宅或其它建筑物内的电话线布线系统用于模拟电话业务和局域数据网的方法和装置,其特征在于具有串联的“菊花链”或其它任意的拓扑结构。首先,将常规出口改变或替换为允许将具有两线的电话线分成段,因此连接两个出口的每段完全独立于所有的其它段。每段具有两端,各种装置、其它段等等可以与这两端连接。低通滤波器与该段的每一端串联,从而利用低频带在低通滤波器的外部端口之间形成低频通路。类似的,高通滤波器与该段的每一端串联,从而利用高频带在高通滤波器的外部端口之间形成高频通路。从而这些段运送的带宽分成不重叠的频带,不同的通路可以经高通滤波器和低通滤波器互连,高通和低通滤波器作为耦合和分离装置以形成不同的通路。同一时间如何选择连接这些装置和通路可以随频率的不同而不同。低频带分配给常规的电话业务(模拟电话业务),而高频带分配给数据通信网。在低频(模拟电话业务)带,构成已耦合低频通路的布线以这样一种方式表现为正常的电话线,即低频(模拟电话业务)带耦合到所有的段而且可在任何出口接入电话机装置,但是在高频(数据)带中保持隔离,因此在数据带中,通信媒介如果期望的话表现为由一个出口到另一个的点对点(诸如串联的“菊花链”)。术语“低通滤波器”这里表示通过低频(模拟电话业务)带信号而阻止高频(数据)带信号的任何装置。相反,术语“″高通滤波器′”这里表示通过高频(数据)带而阻止低频(模拟电话)带信号的任何装置。术语″数据装置″这里表示处理数字数据的任何装置,包括没有限制的调制解调器、收发信机、数据通信设备和数据终端设备。
根据本发明的网络允许电话机装置作为正常的电话机设备连接(即,平行通过电话线),但也能虚拟构成用于数据传送和分布的任意拓扑结构,其由现有的电话线布线确定而不局限于任何预定的数据网拓扑结构。而且,这种网络提供了改进点对点网络拓扑结构的数据传送和分布性能的可能,同时如果期望的话,仍允许整个或部分网络的总线型数据网拓扑结构。这与现有技术形成对比,现有技术使网络拓扑结构局限在预定的类型。
当连接到诸如xDSL、ADSL以及互联网的外部系统和网络时,可以有利的使用根据本发明的网络。
在第一个实施例中,高通滤波器以这样一种方式连接以创建高频带的虚拟“总线”拓扑结构,即允许基于DCE单元的局域网或收发信机经高通滤波器连接到这些段。在第二个实施例中,每段端连接到一专用调制解调器,因此提供串联的点对点菊花链网络。在本发明的所有实施例中,与DCE单元相连的DTE单元或其它装置可以通过电话线通信,而不妨碍或受同一时间模拟电话业务的影响。不同于现有技术的网络,根据本发明的网络拓扑结构不局限于预先确定的特定网络拓扑结构,而是可以适用于现有电话线设备的结构。而且,特征为点对点数据网拓扑结构的本发明的实施例呈现出上乘的性能特性,即这种拓扑结构提供优于现有技术的总线网络拓扑结构,诸如Dichter网和Crane网。
因此,根据本发明的一个方面,这里提供一种用于电话和数据通信的网络,其特征在于,包括:至少一个导电段,包含至少两个不同的电导体,这些电导体用于导通低频电话频带和至少一个高频数据频带,每个所述段具有各自的第一端和各自的第二端;一个第一低通滤波器,与这些所述段的每个段的第一端串联,用于为所述低频电话频带建立低频通路;一个第二低通滤波器,与这些所述段的每个段的第二端串联,用于为所述低频电话频带建立低频通路;一个第一高通滤波器,与这些所述段的每个段的第一端串联,用于为所述至少一个高频数据频带建立高频通路;一个第二高通滤波器,与这些所述段的每个段的第二端串联,用于为所述至少一个高频数据频带建立高频通路;和至少两个出口,每个出口用于将至少一个电话机装置连接到至少一个所述低频通路,所述至少两个出口之中的至少一个出口用于将至少一个数据装置连接到至少一个所述高频通路;其中:所述通路的每条通路与两个所述出口电连接,以使各自相应的被耦合的段连接相邻的出口对;和耦连到一个以上被耦合的段的每个所述出口用于连接每个所述被耦合的段中的所述低频电话通路。
根据本发明的另一个方面,这里提供一种出口,用于将一些装置连接到用于电话和数据通信的电话线上,该电话线具有包含至少两个不同电导体的至少一个导电段,这些电导体用于导通低频电话频带和高频数据频带,其特征在于,该出口包括:第一连接装置,用于将一个低通滤波器的第一端口和一个高通滤波器的第一端口连接到至少一个导电段的至少一端;第二连接装置,用于将至少一个电话机装置连接到所述低通滤波器第二端口;和第三连接装置,用于将至少一个数据装置连接到所述高通滤波器的第二端口。
根据本发明的又一个方面,这里提供一种分离器,用于一种具有至少两个不同段的电话线,还用于耦合低频模拟电话频带内的多个段和隔离高频数据频带内的多个段,还用于有选择性地将一个数据装置连接到这些所述段之中的至少一个段的高频数据频带,每个段包含至少两个单独的电导体,这些电导体用于导通一个低频模拟电话频带和一个高频数据频带,其特征在于,所述的分离器包括:至少一个高通滤波器,与一个段串联,用于有选择性地将一个数据装置连接到这些所述段之中的一个段的高频数据频带;至少一个低通滤波器,与一段串联,用于耦连在低频模拟电话频带中的多个段和隔离在高频数据频带中的多个段;和至少一个连接器,用于有选择性地将一个数据装置连接到所述高通滤波器之中的一个。
附图说明
为了理解本发明和看到如何实际实现本发明,现在将只参照附图通过不受限的例子描述某些优选实施例。其中:
图1表示住宅或其它建筑物内一般现有技术的电话线布线结构。
图2表示住宅或其它建筑物内基于电话线布线的现有技术的局域网。
图3表示根据本发明改变电话线布线用于局域网。
图4表示根据本发明改变电话线布线用于支持规则的电话业务功能。
图5表示根据本发明的分离器。
图6表示根据本发明基于电话线的局域网,其中该网络支持相邻出口的两个装置。
图7表示根据本发明基于电话线局域网的第一实施例,其中该网络支持在不相邻出口的两个装置。
图8表示根据本发明基于电话线局域网的第二实施例,其中该网络支持在相邻出口的三个装置。
图9表示根据本发明基于电话线局域网的第三实施例,其中该网络是总线型网络。
图10表示根据本发明基于电话线的局域网的一个节点。
图11表示根据本发明基于电话线的局域网的第四实施例。
具体实施方式
参照附图及说明书可以理解根据本发明网络的原理和操作。附图和说明书只是概念性的。在实际实施中,单个组件可以实现一个或多个功能;或者,每个功能可以由多个组件和电路实现。在附图和说明书中,相同的附图标记表示不同实施例或结构通用的组成部分。
图3表示本发明的基本概念。网络30是根据改变的电话机出口31a、31b、31c和31d。此改变涉及出口的布线变化和替换电话机连接器,分别如出口31a、31b、31c和31d的连接器32a、32b、32c和32d所示。不需要改变整个电话线布局或结构。通过将每个出口的导线分成导电媒介的不同段来改变布线。因此可以从任何一端单独接入连接两个出口的每段。在现有技术的Dichter网中,电话布线不改变,并且从接线盒16在整个系统连续导通。根据本发明,电话线分成电独立的不同段15a、15b、15c、15d和15e,每段连接两个出口。为了完全接入媒介,每个连接器32a、32b、32c和32d必须支持四个连接,每段两个。通过替换每个出口31a、31b、31c和31d、只替换连接器32a、32b、32c和32d或简单地切断出口的电话线布线实现电话线的改变。正如稍后所解释的,只需要对连接数据网装置的那些出口执行这些改变,但对所有其它的出口也可以推荐。必须改变至少两个出口,以使只在这些出口之间能够进行数据通信。
图4表示本发明的网络40如何通过分别在改变后的出口31a、31b、31c和31d安装跨接器41a、41b、41c和41d,继续支持常规的电话业务。在安装了跨接器的每个出口,跨接器连接每段的两端,并允许电话连接到该组合的段。安装跨接器能够重新连接在安装点断开的电话线。在所有的出口安装跨接器将重建图1所示的现有电话线结构。这种跨接器加在出口上、集成在出口内、或集成入单独的模块。或者,跨接器可以集成在电话机内,作为连接器14的一部分。术语“跨接器”这里表示以一种方式选择性的耦合或断开不同段的任何装置,该方式不具体针对已耦合或已断开信号的频带。跨接器41可以实现为连接器32的连接点和电话外部连接之间的简单电连接。
如上所述,跨接器41安装到所有不必连接到数据通信网的出口中。这些需要支持数据通信连接的出口,不使用跨接器,而是使用图5所示的分离器50。这种分离器经连接器32与每个已改变出口31的两段连接,端口54用于第一连接,端口55用于第二连接。分离器50具有两个LPF,用于保持音频/电话低频带的连续性。在对端口54由LPF 51a和对端口55由LPF 51b低通滤波之后,模拟电话信号连接在一起并连接到电话连接器53。因此,从电话信号的角度来看,分离器50提供与跨接器41相同的连续性和电话接入。另一方面,数据通信网利用经HPF 52a和52b进行的高频带接入。HPF 52a连接到端口54,HPF 52b连接到端口55。高通滤波器信号不从端口54传送到端口55,而是保持独立和分别选择路由到连接器56和连接器57。术语“分离器″”这里表示以一种方式选择性的耦合或断开不同段的任何装置,该方式具体针对已耦合或已分离信号的频带。
因此,当安装在出口时,分离器50充当两个功能。就低频模拟电话带而言,分离器50建立电耦合以影响图1所示的现有技术结构,其中房屋内的所有的电话机装置经电话线并行虚拟连接,好像电话线没被分成段。另一方面,就高频数据通信网而言,分离器50建立电绝缘以影响图3所示的结构,其中段被分开,在出口提供对每段每端的接入。利用分离器,电话系统和数据通信网实际上被去耦合,以使它们支持不同的拓扑结构。
图6表示两个DTE单元24a和24b之间数据通信网60的第一个实施例,这两个DTE单元连接到经单段15c连接在一起的相邻出口31b和31c。分离器50a和50b分别经连接器32b和32c连接到出口31b和31c。如上所述,分离器允许透明的音频/电话信号连接。如此,对于模拟电话,电话线实际上保持不变,允许经电话机13a和13c的接线盒16接入电话机外部连接17。同样,电话机13b经连接器14b连接到分离器50a上的连接器53a,电话机13b也连接到电话线。以类似的方式,通过将其它的电话机连接到分离器50b上的连接器53b,该电话机可以加到出口31c。很明显,经跨接线41或经分离器50将电话机连接到出口不影响数据通信网。
网络60(图6)通过在分离器50a的端口57a和分离器50b的端口56b之间提供通信通路支持数据通信。这些端口之间存在信号频谱高频部分的点对点连接,正如分离器50内的LPF 52a和52b所确定的(图5)。此通路可用于通过DCE单元23a和23b建立DTE单元24a和24b之间的通信链路,DCE单元23a和23b分别连接到端口57a和56b。DTE单元24a和24b之间的通信可以是单向的、半双工或全双工。对通信系统的唯一限制就是使用段15c频谱的高频部分的能力。举一个例子,在Reichert描述的通过电话线点对点系统实现数据传输还可用于网络60。正如本领域技术人员所熟知的,Reicliert通过在中央抽头连接电容器的变压器实现LPF和HPF。类似的,分离器50可以容易地实现为每侧一个的两个这种电路。
还很明显,可以省略分离器50a中的HPF 52a和分离器50b中的HPF52b,因为既不连接分离器50a中的端口56a又不连接分离器50b中的端口57b。
网络60提供明显超过迄今所建议网络的优点。首先,通信媒介支持点对点连接,已经知道点对点连接在通信性能方面优于多抽头的(总线)连接。另外,终端连接器可用于每个分离器或DCE单元内,以提供对传输线特性的更好匹配。此外,媒介中不存在抽头(下线),从而避免阻抗匹配问题和导致的反射。
而且,网络60中的数据通信系统隔离于来自该网络和电话网的左半部分(段15a和15b)的噪声以及由网络右半部分(段15d和15e)引起的噪声。在现有技术的实现方式中不提供这种隔离。Diejiter建议在接线盒中安装低通滤波器。这不是一个满意的解决方案,因为接线盒通常由电话业务供应商拥有而且不能一直被访问。此外,这种修改涉及诸如绝缘、防雷、功耗(power-cross)和其它问题的安全问题。
只用无源成分,诸如两个变压器和两个中心抽头电容器实现分离器50也是有利的,因为不恶化电话业务的可靠性,甚至是在DCE单元容易出故障的情况下,此外不需要外部功率。这容纳“寿命线”功能,即甚至在其它系统故障(例如,电故障)的情况下提供连续的电话业务。
分离器50可以集成入出口31。在这种情况下,装备有分离器50的出口具有两类连接器:一个基于端口53的常规电话机连接器,和一个或二个提供接入端口56和57的连接器(单个的四电路连接器或两个双电路连接器)。或者,分离器50可以是附在出口31上的独立模块。在另一个实施例中,分离器包含为DCE 23的一部分。但是,为了使网络60正确操作,跨接器41或分离器50必须用于改变后的出口31,以根据本发明分开连接器32,同时允许保持常规的电话业务。
图7还示出了网络70中两个DTE单元24a和24b之间的数据通信。但是,在网络70的情况下,DTE单元24a和24b位于不直接连接的出口31b和31d,但具有插入其中的其它出口31c。出口31c经段15c连接到出口31b和经段15d连接到出口31d。
在网络70的实施例中,跨接器(未示出,但类似于图4的跨接器41)连接到出口31c的连接器32c。前面关于划分信号频谱的讨论也用于此,并允许数据在DTE单元24a和24b之间经频谱段15e和15d高频部分传送。当只有跨接器41连接在出口31c时,可以期望与前面讨论相同的点对点性能,对通信性能唯一的影响在于加入段15d,其延长了媒介长度并因此导致信号衰减增加。但是,当电话机连接到出口31c的跨接器41时,还可以预期某种恶化。这种恶化可以是高频数据通信带中的电话机产生噪声的结果,以及增加电话接续引起抽头的结果,该抽头通常不具有负载匹配终端。这些问题可以通过在电话机中安装低通滤波器来克服。
在网络70的优选实施例中,分离器50b安装在出口31c。分离器50b提供LPF功能,并允许经连接器53b连接电话机。但是,为了允许数据通信的连续性,必须在连接器56b和57b的电路之间存在连接。跨接器71得到该连接,如图7所示。安装分离器50b和跨接器71提供类似于网络60(图6)的良好通信性能。从一种系统的讨论中,该系统在DTE单元所连接的出口之间只有一个未使用的出口,显然,可以相同的方式处理DTE单元所连接的出口之间多个未使用的出口。
为了前面的讨论,只描述两个通信DTE单元。但是,本发明可以容易地用于多个DTE单元。图8说明支持分别经DCE单元23a、23b和23c连接的三个DTE单元24a、24b和24c的网络80。网络80的结构与网络70(图7)的结构相同,除了用跨接器81替换跨接器71。跨接器81以与跨接器71相同的方式在端口56b和57b之间连接。但是,以类似于跨接器41(图4)的方式,跨接器81进一步允许结合电路的外部连接,允许连接外部设备,诸如DCE单元23c。这样,段15c和15d表现为电连接高频信号,并构成连接DTE单元24a、24b和24c数据通信网的媒介。显然,此结构能适于任何数目的出口和DTE单元。实际上,可以使用任何数据通信网,该数据通信网支持通过两个导体媒介的总线或多点连接,还使用频谱的更高频部分。另外,在Dichter专利中解释的讨论和技术同样适用于这里。一些网络,诸如以太网IEEE802.3接口1OBaseT和lOOBaseTX,需要四个导体连接,两个导体(通常单个双绞线)用于发射,和两个导体(通常另一个双绞线)用于接收。正如本领域技术人员所熟知的,四二线转换器(通常所说的混合器)可用于将所需的四线转换成两线,从而允许网络数据根据本发明传送通过电话线。
如同跨接器41(图4),跨接器81可以是分离器50的整体部分、DCE23的整体部分或分离组件。
为了简化网络的安装和操作,最好在网络的所有部分使用相同的装置。支持此方案表示为图8中的一组三个类似的出口,举例说明网络80。在网络80中,出口31b、31c和31d相似,并且都用作一部分数据通信网。因此为了一致,这些出口都分别耦合到分离器50a、50b和50c,跨接器附在这些出口上,例如跨接器81附在分离器50b上(为了清楚附在分离器50a和分离器50c上的相应跨接器被省略了),因此提供分别到本地DCE单元23a、23c和23b的连接。在本发明的优选实施例中,改变建筑物内的所有出口以包括分离器50和跨接器81的功能。每个这种出口将提供两个连接器:一个耦合到端口53用于电话连接的连接器,和另一个耦合到跨接器81用于DCE连接的连接器。
在另一个实施例中,DCE23和分离器50集成入出口31的外壳,从而提供直接的DTE连接。在优选实施例中,使用标准的DTE接口。
在大多数总线型网络中,经常需要将网络分成几部分,并经中继器(补偿长距离电缆)、桥接器(使每个部分与其它部分去耦合)或路由器连接这些部分。也可以根据本发明这样做,如图9所示的使用中继器/桥接器/路由器单元91的网络90。单元91可以执行中继、桥接、路由选择或与两个或多个网络之间裂缝有关的任何其它功能。如图所示,分离器50b耦合到出口31c,以类似于网络90的其它出口和分离器的方式。但是,在分离器50b,不使用跨接器。或者,中继器/桥接器/路由器单元91在端口56b和端口57b之间连接,从而提供网络90单独部分之间的连接。作为选择,单元91还可以提供到DTE24c的接口,用于接入网络90。
图9也证明经连接到线路15a的高通滤波器92连接到外部DTE单元或网络的能力。或者,HPF92可以安装在接线盒16中。HPF92允许其它的外部设备接入网络90。如图9所示,HPF92连接到DCE单元93,DCE单元93连接到网络94。在此结构中,建筑物中的本地数据通信网变成一部分网络94。在一实施例中,网络94提供ADSL业务,从而允许建筑物内的DTE单元24d、24a、24c和24b与ADSL网通信。与外部DTE单元或网络通信的能力同样适用于本发明的所有其它实施例,但为了清楚,从其它附图中省略了。
虽然前面涉及使用总线拓扑结构的数据通信网,本发明还可以支持每个通信链路内物理层不同的网络。这种网络可以是根据IEEE 802的Token-Passing或令牌环网,最好是本发明人在美国专利5,841,360中描述的PSIC网络,其详细描述了这种拓扑结构的优点。图10说明实现这种网络的节点100。节点100使用两个处理通信物理层的调制解调器103a和103b。调制解调器103a和103b是独立的并分别耦合到专用通信链路104a和104b。节点100还带有用于连接DTE单元(未示出)的DTE接口101。控制和逻辑单元102管理数据通信物理层之上的更高OSI层,处理数据出入所连接的DTE并进行网路控制。在美国专利5.841.360和其它现有技术熟知的来源中可以找到关于节点100的详细讨论及其功能。
图11描述直接耦合到分离器50d、50、50b和50c的包含节点100d、100a、100b和100c的网络110,分离器50d、50a、50b和50c分别依次连接到出口31a、31b、31c和31d。每个节点100经两对触点接入相应的分离器50,一对接入连接器56,另一对接入连接器57。这样,例如节点100a独立的接入段15b和段15c。此结构允许分别经节点100d、100a、100b和100c建立连接DTE单元24d、24a、24b和24c的网络。
为了清楚,图9和11省略了电话机,但显然可以连接或移走电话机而不影响数据通信网。电话机可以按照需要经分离器50的连接器53连接。通常,根据本发明,电话机可以不需任何改变连接到分离器50(图8)或跨接器(图4)。
此外,虽然迄今为止已经根据连接到单个出口的单个DTE描述了本发明,但多个DTE单元也可以连接到出口,只要相应的节点或DCE支持连接的必要次数。而且,利用本领域熟知的复用技术,多个用户可得到通信媒介的接入。在时分复用(TDM)的情况下,整个带宽在给定的时间间隔期间专用于一个特定用户。在频分复用(FDM)的情况下,多个用户可以同时共享媒介,每个用户利用频谱的互相不重叠的部分。
除了所描述的数据通信目的,根据本发明的网络可用于控制(例如家庭自动化)、传感、音频或视频应用,该通信还可以利用模拟信号(这里用术语“模拟通信”表示)。例如,视频信号可以经网络以模拟方式传送。
虽然已经通过只有两个连接的出口因此只能连接到其它两个出口(即串行或“菊花链”结构)描述了本发明,此概念还可以扩展到三个或多个连接。在这种情况下,每个其它连接的电话线必须在出口中断,以与两段描述和说明的相同方式与其导体进行连接。用于这种多段应用的分离器应当为每段连接使用一个低通滤波器和一个高通滤波器。
还已经通过具有单个双线的媒介描述了本发明,但也可以提供给多个导体,例如ISDN为通信使用两个线对。每对可单独用于上述的数据通信网。
如上所述,根据本发明的出口31(图3)具有至少四个连接点的连接器32。作为选择,跨接器41(图4)、分离器50(图5)或具有跨接器81的分离器50(图8),低通滤波器、高通滤波器或其它硬件还可以集成或容纳在出口31内部。或者,这些装置可以在出口外部。而且,出口可以包含用于诸如DTE单元的装置的标准连接器。在一实施例中,出口内只包括无源成分。例如,分离器50可具有两个变压器和两个电容器(或者包括无源组件的其它实现方式)。在另一个实施例中,出口可以包含有源功耗组件。可用于为这些电路供电的有三种选择:
1.本地电源:在此选择中,电源本地馈送到每个功耗出口。必须改变这些出口以支持用于输入功率的连接。
2.电话电源:在POTS和ISDN电话网中,电源输入具有电话信号的线路中。此电源还可被用于为出口电路供电,只要总功耗不超过POTS/ISDN系统规范。此外,在一些POTS系统中,功耗用于摘机/挂机信令。在这种情况下,网络功耗必须不能干扰电话逻辑。
3.输入媒介的专用电源:在此选择中,涉及数据通信组件的电源输入到通信媒介中。例如,电源可以利用5kHz信号分布。此频率超出电话信号带宽,因此不干扰电话业务。但是,数据通信带宽在5kHz频率之上,再一次确保功率和信号之间没有干扰。
虽然已经参照有限数目的实施例描述了本发明,可以理解能够进行本发明的许多变化、修改和其它应用。

Claims (26)

1.一种用于电话和数据通信的网络,其特征在于,包括:
至少一个导电段,包含至少两个不同的电导体,这些电导体用于导通低频电话频带和至少一个高频数据频带,每个所述段具有各自的第一端和各自的第二端;
一个第一低通滤波器,与这些所述段的每个段的第一端串联,用于为所述低频电话频带建立低频通路;
一个第二低通滤波器,与这些所述段的每个段的第二端串联,用于为所述低频电话频带建立低频通路;
一个第一高通滤波器,与这些所述段的每个段的第一端串联,用于为所述至少一个高频数据频带建立高频通路;
一个第二高通滤波器,与这些所述段的每个段的第二端串联,用于为所述至少一个高频数据频带建立高频通路;和
至少两个出口,每个出口用于将至少一个电话机装置连接到至少一个所述低频通路,所述至少两个出口之中的至少一个出口用于将至少一个数据装置连接到至少一个所述高频通路;
其中:
所述通路的每条通路与两个所述出口电连接,以使各自相应的被耦合的段连接相邻的出口对;和
耦连到一个以上被耦合的段的每个所述出口用于连接每个所述被耦合的段中的所述低频电话通路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,这些所述段的至少一个段是一条电话线。
3.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,所述的电话机是一个模拟电话机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,
所述的电话机是与ISDN相兼容的;
这些所述段至少包含四个单独的电导体;和
所述不同的电导体之中的至少两个电导体用于运送数据。
5.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,所述低频带中的至少一个低频带用于运送模拟通信。
6.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,所述低通滤波器之中的至少一个低通滤波器在所述出口之中的一个出口的内部。
7.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,所述低通滤波器之中的至少一个低通滤波器在所有的所述出口的外部。
8.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,所述高通滤波器之中的至少一个高通滤波器在所述出口之中的一个出口的内部。
9.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,所述高频通路之中的至少一个高通滤波器在所有的所述出口的外部。
10.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,该网络还包括多个所述的段和至少三个所述的出口。
11.根据权利要求10所述的网络,其特征在于,将第一段的所述第一低通滤波器连接到第二段的所述第二低通滤波器。
12.根据权利要求10所述的网络,其特征在于,这些所述段与这些所述出口串联。
13.根据权利要求10所述的网络,其特征在于,所有所述段的所述高频数据通路耦合在一起。
14.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,所述的低通滤波器包括:一个中心抽头变压器和一个电容器。
15.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,所述的高通滤波器包括:一个中心抽头变压器和一个电容器。
16.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,该网络还连接到一个xDSL系统。
17.根据权利要求16所述的网络,其特征在于,所述的xDSL系统是一个ADSL系统。
18.根据权利要求1所述的网络,其特征在于,该网络还连接到互联网。
19.一种出口,用于将一些装置连接到用于电话和数据通信的电话线上,该电话线具有包含至少两个不同电导体的至少一个导电段,这些电导体用于导通低频电话频带和高频数据频带,其特征在于,该出口包括:
第一连接装置,用于将一个低通滤波器的第一端口和一个高通滤波器的第一端口连接到至少一个导电段的至少一端;
第二连接装置,用于将至少一个电话机装置连接到所述低通滤波器第二端口;和
第三连接装置,用于将至少一个数据装置连接到所述高通滤波器的第二端口。
20.根据权利要求19所述的出口,其特征在于,所述的低通滤波器容纳在该出口的内部。
21.根据权利要求19所述的出口,其特征在于,还包括:至少一个DCE单元的至少一部分,容纳在该出口的内部。
22.根据权利要求19所述的出口,其特征在于,还包括:一个DTE单元,容纳在该出口的内部。
23.根据权利要求19所述的出口,其特征在于,还包括:一个DTE标准连接器。
24.根据权利要求19所述的出口,其特征在于,所述高通滤波器容纳在该出口的内部。
25.一种分离器,用于一种具有至少两个不同段的电话线,还用于耦合低频模拟电话频带内的多个段和隔离高频数据频带内的多个段,还用于有选择性地将一个数据装置连接到这些所述段之中的至少一个段的高频数据频带,每个段包含至少两个单独的电导体,这些电导体用于导通一个低频模拟电话频带和一个高频数据频带,其特征在于,所述的分离器包括:
至少一个高通滤波器,与一个段串联,用于有选择性地将一个数据装置连接到这些所述段之中的一个段的高频数据频带;
至少一个低通滤波器,与一段串联,用于耦连在低频模拟电话频带中的多个段和隔离在高频数据频带中的多个段;和
至少一个连接器,用于有选择性地将一个数据装置连接到所述高通滤波器之中的一个。
26.根据权利要求25所述的分离器,还包括:一个连接器,用于有选择性地将一个电话机装置连接到所述低通滤波器之中的一个低通滤波器。
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US7492875B2 (en) 2009-02-17
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US8929523B2 (en) 2015-01-06
US20040165616A1 (en) 2004-08-26
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