CN1190653C - 具有多色发光二极管阵列的光源 - Google Patents

具有多色发光二极管阵列的光源 Download PDF

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CN1190653C
CN1190653C CNB018056369A CN01805636A CN1190653C CN 1190653 C CN1190653 C CN 1190653C CN B018056369 A CNB018056369 A CN B018056369A CN 01805636 A CN01805636 A CN 01805636A CN 1190653 C CN1190653 C CN 1190653C
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S·穆图
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H05B45/22—Controlling the colour of the light using optical feedback
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode

Abstract

本发明描述了一种用于驱动LED阵列的方法及光源，该LED阵列具有光源的多种颜色中的每种的至少一个LED。该方法通过下列步骤控制LED的光输出和颜色，测量每个LED光源在不同温度下的颜色坐标，存储作为温度的函数的颜色坐标的表达式，推导作为温度函数的颜色坐标的方程式，即时地计算颜色坐标和相对光通量输出，并基于计算的色度坐标和相对光通量输出来控制所述LED的光输出和颜色。

Description

具有多色发光二极管阵列的光源
本发明涉及一种具有多色发光二极管(LED)阵列的光源。更具体地，本发明涉及一种白光的发光光源，其中由该光源产生的光输出及白光的颜色随温度而变化。
这里引用转让给通用电气公司的美国专利号5,851,063，它描述了一种具有至少三种多色LED的系统，通过适当地选择每种LED的波长，可查找该LED的最佳表现颜色。在参照文献中还包括一种确定一LED系统的色度的方法，其通过规定该系统的所希望的色度，计算黑体轨迹上所希望色度的理论x，y，z的CIE(国际照明委员会)坐标，并使每个LED在基于这些坐标以选择的波长发光。
然而，在实际条件中，LED的光输出会随着LED的温度而变化。这种变化对每种颜色并不是一致的。在一给定颜色的LED块中，例如，如果一个或多个LED不亮的话，光输出将会变化。若给定可以影响任何LED阵列的光输出和色温的因素，就希望能够自动地控制光输出和色温，特别是在白光发光光源情况下。
还希望能够自动地，连续地，即时地以小型阵列控制白光发光光源的颜色和光输出。
根据本发明，由光源的多种颜色中的每一种的至少一个LED构成的一个LED阵列，是由实验的方法来驱动的。首先，对每种颜色的LED施加电流，使得它们在通常的操作中产生具有标称连续值的光输出。然后在不同的温度下测量每个LED光源的CIE xy坐标。LED光源的CIE xy坐标被表示为LED光源温度的函数，并且该表达式被存储在存储器中。推导作为温度的函数的CIE x和CIE y坐标的方程式，并且该方程式用于计算CIE xy坐标和即时的相对光通量输出(lumen output fraction)。LED的光输出和颜色是基于计算的xy坐标和相对光通量输出来控制的。
以这种方式，首先在整个操作范围内对不同的温度实验性地测量LED光源的CIE xy坐标。然后，基于实验数据，使用多项式推导CIEx和CIE y坐标关于温度的函数的方程式。若CIE xy坐标是高度非线性的，则使用较高次多项式来推导方程式。
由于CIE xy坐标被表示为关于温度的函数，则参考流明被即时地计算。从而，可为彩色控制提供连续的控制。此方法非常适于可变颜色和流明的控制。测量的光输出与可由用户控制设定的所希望的输出一起被反馈至控制器，并根据需要而改变彩色块的电源。从而白光的颜色也可被自动的控制，而不需要考虑可能使其改变的因素。用户的输入允许改变白光所希望的颜色至或者暖白(多些红输出)或者冷白(多些蓝输出)。
根据本发明的实施例，对于白光的一固定颜色，首先参考流明被脱机计算，并用多项式表达为温度的函数。温度被输入，然后用这些方程式用于获得即时的参考流明。
本发明的另一方面提供一种线性地改变白光的色温的方法。这种改变的例子是，将色温从暖白转变为日光白。这是通过使用多项式将黑体轨迹上白光的CIE xy坐标表示为色温函数而实现的。已知对于所希望的彩色点的白光CIE xy坐标和LED光源的CIE xy坐标都依赖于温度，计算每个有颜色的LED光源所需的参考流明输出。这些流明输出被提供至一流明输出控制系统作为参考，用于调节LED光源的流明输出，而不考虑温度和老化。
图1是一LED光源的示意图；
图2A是表示阵列中红色LED的CIE xR坐标作为温度的函数而变化的曲线图；
图2B是表示阵列中红色LED的CIE yR坐标作为温度的函数而变化的曲线图；
图3A是表示阵列中绿色LED的CIE xG坐标作为温度的函数而变化的曲线图；
图3B是表示阵列中绿色LED的CIE yG坐标作为温度的函数而变化的曲线图；
图4A是表示阵列中蓝色LED的CIE xB坐标作为温度的函数而变化的曲线图；
图4B是表示阵列中蓝色LED的CIE yB坐标作为温度的函数而变化的曲线图；
图5是表示红，绿，蓝LED光源的参考相对光通量输出作为温度的函数而变化的曲线图；
图6A是表示白色LED阵列的色温的CIE xW坐标作为色温的函数而变化的曲线图；
图6B是表示白色LED阵列的色温的CIE yW坐标作为色温的函数而变化的曲线图。
参照图1，根据本发明一示范性实施例的LED光源包括一个二维LED阵列10，12，14，该阵列在多种颜色的每种颜色中包含多个LED。LED 10，12，14接收电源9通过LED驱动器11，13，15传送电流提供的功率。该阵列包括红色LED 10，绿色LED 12和蓝色LED 14，它们都被包含在散热器18中。LED被排列成使得所有的光输出都由安装在散热器18外侧的混光器(mixing optics)22相组合。附加颜色的LED，如琥珀色，可以被用来增加混合的选项。
至少一个光传感器24，例如光敏二极管，用于读出阵列中所有LED的光强度。最好，光纤(未示出)耦合从阵列至光传感器24之间的光，光传感器24产生相应的电流信号并通过反馈线26将其送至控制器30。
图1中的LED光源还包括温度传感器33，例如温度计，它耦合至一微控制器或微处理器单元34，用于计算每个LED光源在不同的散热器温度下的CIE xy坐标。微控制器34被耦合至一存储器36，用于存储作为散热器温度函数的CIE xy坐标的表达式。微控制器34推导CIE x和CIE y的坐标为散热器温度的函数的方程式，并即时的计算RGB LED阵列的CIE xy坐标和光通量输出。由用户输入控制35，例如电位计，输入微控制器的设置，基于计算出的RGB LED阵列的CIE xy坐标和光通量输出来控制LED的光输出和色温。
通过利用红，绿，蓝LED光源的光输出而产生白光的技术已是公知的。下面的方程式涉及每个LED阵列的CIE xy坐标以及来自每个的光通量输出以确定所产生的白光的光通量输出和CIE xy坐标。使(xR，yR)，(xG，yG)，(xB，yB)作为CIE xy色度图表中的红，绿，蓝LED光源的各自的坐标。将来自红，绿，蓝LED光源的光通量输出各表示为LR，LG，LB。若(xW，yW)和LW是混合光(白光)的坐标和光通量输出，则以下方程式(1)表示这些数量之间的关系：
x w y w L w 1 y w L w L w = x R y R x G y G x B y B 1 y R 1 y G 1 y B 1 1 1 L R L G L B - - - ( 1 )
若白光的色度坐标和所需的光通量输出以及红，绿，蓝LED光源的色度坐标是已知的，则使用方程式(1)可计算出来自红，绿，蓝LED光源所需的光通量输出。白光的色度坐标(xW，yW)根据白光的所需颜色而进行选择。然后，已知LED光源的CIE xy坐标，则可以计算出所需的光通量输出LR，LG，LB。由于需要一个光通量输出控制系统来调节LED阵列的光通量输出而不考虑温度和老化而引起的变化，所计算的参考值被提供至这样一个控制系统。
然而，红，绿，蓝LED的CIE xy坐标还随着温度而变化，并且这种变化会使白光的颜色偏离白光的目标色点。为解决此问题，首先，在不同的散热器温度测量LED的CIE xy坐标。然后，用多项式将该CIE xy坐标表达为温度的函数。为了控制颜色，还测量散热器的温度并即时地计算CIE xy坐标和相对光通量输出。由于CIE xy坐标的改变以表达式的形式被存储，对LED的控制并不是以离散的步骤执行的，并且这种方法排除了大型阵列的需要以便保持所需的精度。
LED制造商数据单提供有峰值波长，主波长，光谱半宽度最大波长和峰值波长随温度的改变。利用该信息，LED的CIE xy坐标可通过用于LED谱的guassian或Lorentzian线形来计算。LED的CIE x和y色度坐标的改变也可被计算。然后，已知散热器的导热系数和此散热中LED布置，则可得到CIE xy坐标作为温度的函数。
一LED光源是由多于一个的同类型LED构成的，由于各批产品之间的差异，一LED光源中的每个LED的性质不完全相同。因此，用实验方法测量LED阵列的CIE x和CIE y坐标，以便得到用于白光颜色适当的非递增控制的CIE x和CIE y坐标。
CIE xy色度坐标还随着正向电流而变化。用于LED阵列的正向电流是可被调节，例如，通过幅度调制(AM)，或脉冲宽度调制(PWM)。若使用幅度调制方案，则温度的CIE xy色度坐标在操作的平均电流处测量。若使用PWM方案，则由于恒定的峰值电流，则正向电流对CIE xy坐标的影响被消除。这里，温度的CIE xy坐标在峰值电流处测量。
红，绿，蓝LED阵列的散热器温度的CIE x和CIE y坐标的改变表示在图2A，2B，3A，3B，4A和4B中。CIE x和CIE y坐标的变化是非线性的，因此使用二次多项式来表示它们。
红和蓝LED的CIE x和CIE y坐标则可使用一次多项式来表示。也可使用较高次项的多项式。由于绿色LED的CIE y坐标是非线性的，可使用二次多项式来表示。
LED光源的CIE x和CIE y坐标可使用下列作为散热器温度的函数的多项式来得到：
    xR(TH)＝-2.1735*10-07TH 2+1.1788*10-4TH+0.6816
    yR(TH)＝-1.30989*10-07TH 2-1.0767*10-4TH+0.316029
    xG(TH)＝2.33564*10-06TH 2+1.76209*10-06TH+0.259883
    yG(TH)＝-2.12955*10-6TH 2-7.464697*10-5TH+0.6875439
    xB(TH)＝1.07299*10-07TH 2-6.73501*10-05TH+0.119046
    yB(TH)＝7.393266*10-7TH 2+2.601446*10-4TH+0.112823
这里TH是散热器温度。实际上，这些实验表达式必须基于温度的整个操作范围内的测量而推导出来。
上述实验表达式在白光的可变颜色是所希望的时候很有用，因为需要对每个色温计算LED光源的参考流明。若白光的颜色是固定的，则LED光源的参考流明可被脱机地计算并用多项式表示为关于散热温度的函数。该方法减少了计算量并可直接提供参考流明。该方法在以下的例子中被说明。
使白光的所希望的色度为冷白，其CIE x和CIE y坐标(0.372，0.375)对应于色温4250°K。使用上述实验表达式在温度范围25℃到75℃内计算参考相对光通量输出，如图5所示。红，绿，蓝LED光源的所需流明LR，LG，LB被表示为散热器温度和白光的所需光通量输出LW的函数。
    LR(TH)＝(-1.196407×10-6*TH-2.254033×10-4*TH+0.31030g1)*LW
    LG(TH)＝(-2.826513×10-7*TH-1.703395×10-5*TH+0.5976039)*LW LB(TH)
    ＝(9.13759×10-7*TH+2.42437×10-4*TH+0.09208796)*LW
其中LW是白光所需的总光通量。不同颜色的白光都可找到类似的表达式。
根据本发明的另一实施例，在需要白光的可变色温时，白色LED发光体的色温可以一致地变化。在方程式(1)中，xW和yW是白光的CIE色度坐标，它是基于白光的所希望色温从黑体轨迹中选择的。因此，xW和yW的值取决于黑体轨迹。若xW和yW被表达为色温的函数，则通过已知该色温，可计算所需的xW和yW的值。白光的所希望的色温可由电位计来设定。
图6A和6B示出了在色温2500°K到6500°K范围内色温的xW和yW的变化。xW和yW的值取决于黑体轨迹。这里，通过使用以下二次多项表达式白光的色度坐标被表达为色温TC的函数：
    xW(TC)＝8.55478×10-9*TC 2-1.15667×10-4*TC+0.707802
    yW(TC)＝1.4522×10-9*TC 2-3.68337×10-5*TC+0.500441
所希望的色温也可由电位计来设置。已知色温，则可使用上述二次多项表达式来计算CIE坐标xW和yW，且白光的色温可以一致的变化。对于不同的色温范围都可用多项式来获得类似的表达式。
前述的表达式和例子都是举例说明，而并不意在限制以下权利要求的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于驱动LED阵列(10，11，12)的方法，该LED阵列包括光源的多种颜色的每种中的至少一个LED，该方法包括以下步骤：
-向每种所述颜色中的所述LED(10，11，12)施加电流，使所述LED(10，11，12)在正常操作期间具有有标称连续值的光输出；
-在不同温度下测量每个LED光源的CIE xy坐标；
-存储CIE xy坐标作为温度的函数的表达式；
-推导CIE x和CIE y坐标作为温度的函数的方程式；
-即时地计算CIE xy坐标和相对光通量输出；以及
-基于计算的CIE xy坐标和相对光通量输出控制所述LED(10，11，12)的光输出和颜色。
2.如权利要求1的方法，其中该推导步骤进一步包括用多项式推导CIE x和CIE y坐标作为温度的函数的方程式。
3.如权利要求1的方法，其中该推导步骤进一步包括用较高次多项式推导CIE x和CIE y坐标作为温度的函数的方程式。
4.一种线性地改变白光的色温至所希望的色温的方法，该白光是由包括光源中多种颜色的每种中的至少一个LED的LED阵列(10，11，12)产生的，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-测量白光的第一光通量输出；
-测量白光的温度；
-用多项式表示作为色温的函数的白光的CIE xy色度坐标；
-根据在所希望的色温下白光的CIE xy色度坐标和LED光源取决于该温度的CIE xy坐标而计算LED光源所需的参考第二光通量输出；
-提供该第一和第二光通量输出至一光通量输出控制系统并调节LED光源的光通量输出。
5.如权利要求6的方法，其中该CIE xy色度坐标随着LED(10，11，12)阵列的正向电流而改变。
6.一种光源，包括：
-包括多种颜色的每种颜色中的至少一个LED(10，11，12)的一LED阵列；
-向每种所述颜色中的所述LED(10，11，12)施加电流的装置(9)，每种所述颜色中的所述LED具有光输出，使得所述光输出在正常操作期间具有标称的连续值；
-至少一个光电二极管(24)，被安排用于测量在阵列(10，11，12)中的至少一个LED(10)的光输出；
-用于测量每个LED光源在不同的散热器温度下的CIE xy坐标的装置(33)；
-存储装置(36)，用于存储作为温度的函数的CIE xy坐标的表达式；
-计算装置(34)，用于推导作为温度的函数的CIE x和CIE y坐标的方程式并即时地计算CIE xy坐标和相对光通量输出；以及
-控制装置(30)，基于计算的CIE xy坐标和相对光通量输出而控制所述LED的光输出和色温。
7.如权利要求6的光源，其中该控制装置(30)进一步包括一电位计(35)。
8.如权利要求6的光源，其中该温度是从包围着该LED阵列(10，11，12)的散热器(18)测量的。
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